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1. Insulin Mediates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses and Oxidative Stress in BV2 Microglia

Author

Huang CC, Tsai SF, Liu SC, Yeh MC, Hung HC, Lee CW, Cheng CL, Hsu PL, and Kuo YM

Subjects
β-amyloid, p47phox, phagocytosis, superoxide dismutase, Pathology, RB1-214, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Chi-Chen Huang,1 Sheng-Feng Tsai,2,3 Shu-Cheng Liu,4 Mei-Chen Yeh,5 Hao-Chang Hung,5 Chu-Wan Lee,6 Ching-Li Cheng,6 Pei-Ling Hsu,7– 9 Yu-Min Kuo2,3 1Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan; 2Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan; 3Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan; 4Department of Anesthesiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan; 5Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 71004, Taiwan; 6Department of Nursing, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan, 700007, Taiwan; 7Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; 8Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; 9Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, TaiwanCorrespondence: Pei-Ling Hsu, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 80708, Tel +886-7-3121101 ext. 2144#16, Fax +886-7-3119849, Email plhsu@kmu.edu.tw Yu-Min Kuo, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Ta Hsueh Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Tel +886-6-2353535 ext. 5294, Fax +886-6-2093007, Email kuoym@mail.ncku.edu.twIntroduction: Insulin, the key hormone for glucose regulation, has garnered attention for its role as an immune modulator. Impaired insulin signaling in the central nervous system is linked to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia, the resident macrophage-like immune cells in the brain, are key regulators of neuroinflammation. However, the mechanisms by which insulin influences microglial immune responses remain relatively unknown.Methods: This study aimed to assess the effects of post-treatment with insulin [30 minutes after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure] on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells.Results: Post-treatment with insulin potentiated LPS-induced production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF and IL-6, through activation of the Akt/NF-κB pathway. Insulin also enhanced the ability of BV2 cells to phagocytose bacteria particles and β-amyloid fibrils. Conversely, insulin inhibited activation of NADPH oxidase and reduced intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species in LPS-treated BV2 cells.Conclusion: Insulin enhances microglial immune competence when challenged by endotoxins but mitigates oxidative stress in these cells. Keywords: β-amyloid, p47phox, phagocytosis, superoxide dismutase

Published
2024

2. Nanocurcumin Reduces High Glucose and Particulate Matter-Induced Endothelial Inflammation: Mitochondrial Function and Involvement of miR-221/222

Author

Lai TC, Lee CW, Hsu MH, Chen YC, Lin SR, Lin SW, Lee TL, Lin SY, Hsu SH, Tsai JS, and Chen YL

Subjects
particulate matter, high glucose, mitochondrial fission, endothelial inflammation, mir-221/222, nanocurcumin., Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Tsai-Chun Lai,1– 3 Chiang-Wen Lee,4– 6 Mei-Hsiang Hsu,1 Yu-Chen Chen,1,7 Shu-Rung Lin,8,9 Shu-Wha Lin,10 Tzu-Lin Lee,1 Shin-Yu Lin,11,12 Shu-Hao Hsu,1 Jaw-Shiun Tsai,13,14 Yuh-Lien Chen1 1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; 2Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China; 3The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China; 4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan, Republic of China; 5Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan, Republic of China; 6Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China; 7Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China; 8Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Science, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China; 9Center for Nanotechnology and Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung-Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China; 10Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; 11Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; 12Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; 13Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; 14Center for Complementary and Integrated Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yuh-Lien Chen, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan, Republic of China, Tel +886-2-23123456-288176, Fax +886-2-33931713, Email ylchenv@ntu.edu.tw Jaw-Shiun Tsai, Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 1, Changde Street, Taipei, 10048, Taiwan, Republic of China, Tel +886-2-23123456-265147, Fax +886-2-23118674, Email jawshiun@ntu.edu.twPurpose: Particulate matter (PM) 2.5, harmful air pollutants, and diabetes are associated with high morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the combined effects of PM and diabetes on CVD remain unclear.Methods: Endothelial cells (ECs) treated with high glucose (HG) and PM mimic hyperglycemia and air pollutant exposure in CVD. Endothelial inflammation was evaluated by Western blot and immunofluorescence of ICAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion. The mechanisms underlying endothelial inflammation were elucidated through MitoSOX Red analysis, JC-1 staining, MitoTracker analysis, and Western blot analysis of mitochondrial fission-related, autophagy-related, and mitophagy-related proteins. Furthermore. nanocurcumin (NCur) pretreatment was used to test if it has a protective effect.Results: ECs under co-exposure to HG and PM increased ICAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion, whereas NCur pretreatment attenuated these changes and improved endothelial inflammation. PM exposure increased mitochondrial ROS levels, worsened mitochondrial membrane potential, promoted mitochondrial fission, induced mitophagy, and aggravated inflammation in HG-treated ECs, while NCur reversed these changes. Also, HG and PM-induced endothelial inflammation is through the JNK signaling pathway and miR-221/222 specifically targeting ICAM-1 and BNIP3. PM exposure also aggravated mitochondrial ROS levels, mitochondrial fission, mitophagy, and endothelial inflammation in STZ-induced hyperglycemic mice, whereas NCur attenuated these changes.Conclusion: This study elucidated the mechanisms underlying HG and PM-induced endothelial inflammation in vitro and in vivo. HG and PM treatment increased mitochondrial ROS, mitochondrial fission, and mitophagy in ECs, whereas NCur reversed these conditions. In addition, miR-221/222 plays a role in the amelioration of endothelial inflammation through targeting Bnip3 and ICAM-1, and NCur pretreatment can modulate miR-221/222 levels. Therefore, NCur may be a promising approach to intervene in diabetes and air pollution-induced CVD.Keywords: particulate matter, high glucose, mitochondrial fission, endothelial inflammation, miR-221/222, nanocurcumin

Published
2023

3. The Extended Surgical Concepts for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Author

Hsu HM, Tsai HI, Lee WC, Wang CC, Yu MC, Lin SM, Lin CY, Wu CH, and Lee CW

Subjects
hepatocellular carcinoma, liver resection, surgery, immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunotherapy, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Hsiao-Mei Hsu,1 Hsin-I Tsai,2– 4 Wei-Chen Lee,4,5 Chih-Chi Wang,6,7 Ming-Chin Yu,3,4,8 Shi-Ming Lin,4,9 Chun-Yen Lin,4,9 Chi-Huan Wu,4,9 Chao-Wei Lee3– 5 1Department of Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 2Department of Anesthesiology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 3Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 4College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 5Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 6Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 7Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; 8Department of Surgery, New Taipei Municipal Tu-Cheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei City, Taiwan; 9Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, TaiwanCorrespondence: Chao-Wei Lee, Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Guishan, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan District, Taoyuan City, 33305, Taiwan, Tel +886-975366192, Email alanchaoweilee@hotmail.comAbstract: Surgical resection remains one of the most effective curative therapies for HCC. However, the majority of patients have advanced unresectable diseases upon presentation. It is of paramount importance to raise the resectability of patients with HCC. The remarkable objective response rate reported by Phase III IMbrave150 trial has led to the concept of “Atezo/Bev followed by curative conversion (ABC conversion)” for initially unresectable HCC. With this revolutionary treatment strategy, the concept of surgical resection for HCC should be amended. The current opinion illustrated three extended surgical concepts, which could be integrated into clinical practice in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI).Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, liver resection, surgery, immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunotherapy

Published
2023

4. The Adverse Impact of Incense Smoke on Human Health: From Mechanisms to Implications

Author

Lee CW, Vo TTT, Wee Y, Chiang YC, Chi MC, Chen ML, Hsu LF, Fang ML, Lee KH, Guo SE, Cheng HC, and Lee IT

Subjects
incense burning, oxidative stress, inflammation, cancer, toxicants, Pathology, RB1-214, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Chiang-Wen Lee,1– 4,* Thi Thuy Tien Vo,5,* Yinshen Wee,6 Yao-Chang Chiang,1,2 Miao-Ching Chi,7– 9 Min-Li Chen,10,11 Lee-Fen Hsu,9,12 Mei-Ling Fang,13,14 Kuan-Han Lee,15 Su-Er Guo,11 Hsin-Chung Cheng,5,16 I-Ta Lee5 1Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan; 2Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan; 3Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan; 4College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; 5School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; 6Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; 7Chronic Disease and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan; 8Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan; 9Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan; 10Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan; 11Graduate Institute of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan; 12Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan; 13Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 14Super Micro Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 15Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan; 16Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: I-Ta LeeSchool of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St, Taipei, 11031, TaiwanTel +886-2-27361661 ext. 5162Fax +886-2-27362295Email itlee0128@tmu.edu.twAbstract: Incense burning is a very popular activity in daily life among many parts all over the world. A growing body of both epidemiological and experimental evidences has reported the negative effects of incense use on human well-being, posing a potential threat at public significance. This work is a comprehensive review that covers the latest findings regarding the adverse impact of incense smoke on our health, providing a panoramic visualization ranging from mechanisms to implications. The toxicities of incense smoke come directly from its harmful constituents and deposition capacity in the body. Besides, reactive oxygen species-driven oxidative stress and associated inflammation seem to be plausible underlying mechanisms, eliciting various unfavorable responses. Although our current knowledge remains many gaps, this issue still has some important implications.Keywords: incense burning, oxidative stress, inflammation, cancer, toxicants

Published
2021

5. The Association Between Caustic Ingestion and Psychiatric Comorbidity Based on 396 Adults Within 20 Years

Author

Chen YJ, Seak CJ, Chen CC, Chen TH, Kang SC, Ng CJ, Lee CW, Su MY, Huang HC, Ooyang CH, Hsieh SY, and Cheng HT

Subjects
caustic, corrosive, psychiatric, endoscopy, complications, long-term survival, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Yu-Jhou Chen,1,2,* Chen-June Seak,2– 4,* Chien-Cheng Chen,2,5,6 Tsung-Hsing Chen,1,2,5 Shih-Ching Kang,7 Chip-Jin Ng,2,4 Chao-Wei Lee,8 Ming-Yao Su,2,9,10 Hsin-Chih Huang,1,2,9 Chun-Hsiang Ooyang,7 Sen-Yung Hsieh,1,2 Hao-Tsai Cheng1,2,5,9 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; 2College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; 3Department of Emergency Medicine, New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan; 4Department of Emergency Medicine, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; 5College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; 6Department of Medical Image and Intervention, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; 7Division of Trauma and Emergent Surgery, Department of Surgery, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; 8Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; 9Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan; 10Board of Directors and Supervisors, Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Disease (TASSID), Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hao-Tsai ChengDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, No 6, Sec. 2, Jincheng Road, Tucheng Dist., New Taipei City 236, Taiwan (Republic Of China)Tel +886-2-22630588 ext. 6185Fax +886-2-22732688Email hautai@adm.cgmh.org.twPurpose: High prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities (PCs) has been widely documented in caustic substance ingestion cases. However, their effect on the clinical features and prognostic outcomes remains unclear due to the paucity of discussion. We report on detailed clinical courses with long-term multifaceted outcomes and review the association between caustic ingestion and each specific PC.Patients and Methods: The retrospective chart review included 396 adults (median follow-up, 16.6 months) with and 377 without (control group) PCs treated between 1999 and 2018 at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. All PCs were diagnosed/confirmed by psychiatrists through face-to-face interviews.Results: The PCs predicted serious esophagogastroduodenoscopy grading, higher rates of admission/surgery/intensive care unit stay, increments of systemic/gastrointestinal complications, and poorer 5-year overall survival rates. The poor survival among patients with PCs was highly consistent with their baseline characteristics. Significantly advanced age, more non-PCs, alcoholism, illicit drug abuse, and baseline unhealthy status resulted in statistically higher risks of severe complications and limited recovery.Conclusion: PCs changed clinical patterns and had critical roles in the survival outcomes of caustic injury victims. Clinical awareness achieves benefit by limiting injuries in mild cases or allowing emergent interventions in severe cases. Future studies based on worldwide populations are essential for realizing geographic differences.Keywords: caustic, corrosive, psychiatric, endoscopy, complications, long-term survival

Published
2020

6. Ultrasound-Guided Lumbar Intradiscal Injection for Discogenic Pain: Technical Innovation and Presentation of Two Cases

Author

Wu TJ, Hung CY, Lee CW, Lam S, Clark TB, and Chang KV

Subjects
low back pain, lumbar spine, ultrasound, platelet-rich plasma, intervertebral disc, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Tsung-Ju Wu,1,2 Chen-Yu Hung,3 Chih-Wei Lee,4 Stanley Lam,5 Thomas B Clark,6 Ke-Vin Chang3 1Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; 2Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Yuanlin Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; 3Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan; 4Department of Medical Imaging, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; 5Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; 6Private Practice Ultrasonographic Training, Vista, CA, USACorrespondence: Chen-Yu HungDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, TaiwanEmail chenyu810@gmail.comAbstract: We described two cases and the techniques for using the ultrasound (US) to guide lumbar intradiscal injection with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The two cases suffered from chronic low back pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed posterior annular tear of the L5/S1 intervertebral disc (IVD) in the first case and L4/5 and L5/S1 IVDs in the second case. For the US-guided lumbar intradiscal injection, the patient was placed in a prone position. By placing the transducer in the axial plane at the interlaminar space, the needle was directed toward the center of the aimed IVD. The needle tip was ensured inside the IVD by using the end-feel of sudden reduction of resistance and the poking technique with the transducer oriented in the paramedian sagittal oblique plane. At the follow-up, both patients had significant improvement after the intradiscal PRP injections (visual analogue scale from 7.5 to 1.5 on average). The report indicated US-guided lumbar intradiscal PRP injection to be a feasible approach for treatments of low back pain. Familiarization of the anatomy and sonoanatomy of the lumbar spine is fundamental to achieve the success of intradiscal injection.Keywords: low back pain, lumbar spine, ultrasound, platelet-rich plasma, intervertebral disc

Published
2020

7. Curcumin nanoparticles are a promising anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory agent for treating periprosthetic joint infections

Author

Peng KT, Chiang YC, Huang TY, Chen PC, Chang PJ, and Lee CW

Subjects
Periprosthetic joint infections, curcumin nanoparticle, Staphylococcus aureus, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Kuo-Ti Peng,1,2 Yao-Chang Chiang,3,4 Tsung-Yu Huang,5,6 Pei-Chun Chen,1 Pey-Jium Chang,6,7 Chiang-Wen Lee3,4,8,9 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan; 2College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan; 3Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan; 4Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan; 5Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; 6Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; 7Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; 8Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan; 9Department of Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan Background: Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) have a high incidence of recurrence after total joint replacement and are difficult to treat by debridement or antibiotic treatment. Curcumin is a natural product with anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. The low bioactivity of curcumin in water restricts its clinical application. Curcumin nanoparticles (CURN) were developed to overcome this limitation.Methods: In this study, the therapeutic effects of CURN and their anti-inflammatory functions were investigated in a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-induced PJIs model. Results: CURN first attenuated the biofilm-induced expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and then regulated M1- and M2-phenotypic MDSC expression. Down-regulation of cytokines and reactive oxygen species was considered as the mechanism of CURN in reversing the suppression of T cell proliferation. The recovery of bone permeative destruction demonstrated that CURN enhanced therapeutic potency of vancomycin in vivo. Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate that CURN may be useful for treating PJIs. Keywords: periprosthetic joint infections, osteomyelitis, Staphylococcus aureus, myeloid-derived suppressor cells

Published
2019

8. Liposomal nanoparticle-based conserved peptide influenza vaccine and monosodium urate crystal adjuvant elicit protective immune response in pigs

Author

Dhakal S, Cheng X, Salcido J, Renu S, Bondra K, Lakshmanappa YS, Misch C, Ghimire S, Feliciano-Ruiz N, Hogshead B, Krakowka S, Carson K, McDonough J, Lee CW, and Renukaradhya GJ

Subjects
Influenza A virus peptides, Liposome nanoparticles, Monosodium urate crystal adjuvant, Intranasal vaccination, Swine influenza virus, Pigs, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Santosh Dhakal,1,2 Xingguo Cheng,3 John Salcido,3 Sankar Renu,1,2 Kathy Bondra,1,2 Yashavantha Shaan Lakshmanappa,1,2 Christina Misch,1,2 Shristi Ghimire,1,2 Ninoshkaly Feliciano-Ruiz,1,2 Bradley Hogshead,1,2 Steven Krakowka,4 Kenneth Carson,3 Joseph McDonough,3 Chang Won Lee,1,2 Gourapura J Renukaradhya1,2 1Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; 2Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; 3Pharmaceuticals and Bioengineering Department, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238-0510, USA; 4The Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA Background: Influenza (flu) is a constant threat to humans and animals, and vaccination is one of the most effective ways to mitigate the disease. Due to incomplete protection induced by current flu vaccines, development of novel flu vaccine candidates is warranted to achieve greater efficacy against constantly evolving flu viruses. Methods: In the present study, we used liposome nanoparticle (

Published
2018

9. Preparation, characterizations and anti-pollutant activity of 7,3′,4′-trihydroxyisoflavone nanoparticles in particulate matter-induced HaCaT keratinocytes

Author

Huang PH, Tseng C, Lin C, Lee CW, and Yen FL

Subjects
3’, 4’-trihydroxyisoflavone, nanoparticle, planetary ball mill, particulate matter, anti-pollutant, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Pao-Hsien Huang,1 Chih-Hua Tseng,1 Chia-Yu Lin,2 Chiang-Wen Lee,3–5 Feng-Lin Yen2,6 1School of Pharmacy, 2Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 3Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 4Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, 5Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, 6Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China Background: 7,3´,4´-Trihydroxyisoflavone (734THI), a secondary metabolite derived from daidzein in soybean, possesses several biological activities, including antioxidant, skin whitening and anti-atopic dermatitis properties, but the poor aqueous solubility of 734THI has limited its application in medicine and cosmetic industry.Methods: The aim of the present study was to improve the physicochemical properties of 734THI using planetary ball mill preparation under a solvent-free process to improve its solubility and anti-pollutant activity. Results: 734THI nanoparticle powder (734THIN) was successfully prepared by the planetary ball mill technique using polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 as the excipient. 734THIN effectively increased the aqueous solubility and cellular uptake of 734THI by improving its physicochemical properties, including particle size reduction, crystalline–amorphous transformation and intermolecular hydrogen bonding with polyvinylpyrrolidone K30. In addition, 734THIN inhibited the overexpression of COX-2 and MMP-9 by downregulating MAPK pathway signaling in particulate matter-exposed HaCaT keratinocytes, while raw 734THI in PBS with low aqueous solubility did not show any anti-inflammatory or antiaging activity.Conclusion: 734THIN may be used as an additive in anti-pollutant skin care products for preventing particulate matter-induced inflammation and aging in skin. Keywords: 7,3´,4´-trihydroxyisoflavone, nanoparticle, planetary ball mill, particulate matter, inflammation

Published
2018

10. The JCMT BISTRO Survey: A Spiral Magnetic Field in a Hub-filament Structure, Monoceros R2

Author

Hwang, J, Kim, J, Pattle, K, Lee, CW, Koch, PM, Johnstone, D, Tomisaka, K, Whitworth, A, Furuya, RS, Kang, JH, Lyo, AR, Chung, EJ, Arzoumanian, D, Park, G, Kwon, W, Kim, S, Tamura, M, Kwon, J, Soam, A, Han, I, Hoang, T, Kim, KH, Onaka, T, Eswaraiah, C, Ward-Thompson, D, Liu, HL, Tang, X, Chen, WP, Matsumura, M, Hoang, TD, Chen, Z, Le Gouellec, VJM, Kirchschlager, F, Poidevin, F, Bastien, P, Qiu, K, Hasegawa, T, Lai, SP, Byun, DY, Cho, J, Choi, M, Choi, Y, Jeong, IG, Kang, M, Kim, H, Kim, KT, Lee, JE, Lee, SS, Lee, YH, Lee, H, Kim, MR, Yoo, H, Yun, HS, Chen, M, Di Francesco, J, Fiege, J, Fissel, LM, Franzmann, E, Houde, M, Lacaille, K, Matthews, B, Sadavoy, S, Moriarty-Schieven, G, Tahani, M, Ching, TC, Dai, YS, Duan, Y, Gu, Q, Law, CY, Li, D, Li, G, Li, HB, Liu, T, Lu, X, Qian, L, Wang, H, Wu, J, Xie, J, Yuan, J, Zhang, CP, Zhang, G, Zhang, Y, Zhou, J, Zhu, L, Berry, D, Friberg, P, Graves, S, Liu, J, Mairs, S, Parsons, H, Rawlings, M, Doi, Y, Hayashi, S, Hull, CLH, Inoue, T, Inutsuka, SI, Iwasaki, K, Kataoka, A, Hwang, J [0000-0001-7866-2686], Kim, J [0000-0002-1229-0426], Pattle, K [0000-0002-8557-3582], Lee, CW [0000-0002-3179-6334], Koch, PM [0000-0003-2777-5861], Johnstone, D [0000-0002-6773-459X], Tomisaka, K [0000-0003-2726-0892], Whitworth, A [0000-0002-1178-5486], Furuya, RS [0000-0003-0646-8782], Kang, JH [0000-0001-7379-6263], Lyo, AR [0000-0002-9907-8427], Chung, EJ [0000-0003-0014-1527], Arzoumanian, D [0000-0002-1959-7201], Park, G [0000-0001-8467-3736], Kwon, W [0000-0003-4022-4132], Kim, S [0000-0001-9333-5608], Tamura, M [0000-0002-6510-0681], Kwon, J [0000-0003-2815-7774], Soam, A [0000-0002-6386-2906], Han, I [0000-0002-9143-1433], Hoang, T [0000-0003-2017-0982], Kim, KH [0000-0001-9597-7196], Onaka, T [0000-0002-8234-6747], Eswaraiah, C [0000-0003-4761-6139], Ward-Thompson, D [0000-0003-1140-2761], Liu, HL [0000-0003-3343-9645], Tang, X [0000-0002-4154-4309], Chen, WP [0000-0003-0262-272X], Matsumura, M [0000-0002-6906-0103], Hoang, TD [0000-0002-3437-5228], Chen, Z [0000-0003-0849-0692], Le Gouellec, VJM [0000-0002-5714-799X], Kirchschlager, F [0000-0002-3036-0184], Poidevin, F [0000-0002-5391-5568], Bastien, P [0000-0002-0794-3859], Qiu, K [0000-0002-5093-5088], Hasegawa, T [0000-0003-1853-0184], Lai, SP [0000-0001-5522-486X], Byun, DY [0000-0003-1157-4109], Cho, J [0000-0003-1725-4376], Jeong, IG [0000-0002-5492-6832], Kang, M [0000-0002-5016-050X], Kim, KT [0000-0003-2412-7092], Lee, JE [0000-0003-3119-2087], Lee, SS [0000-0002-6269-594X], Lee, YH [0000-0001-6047-701X], Lee, H [0000-0003-3465-3213], Kim, MR [0000-0002-1408-7747], Yoo, H [0000-0002-8578-1728], Yun, HS [0000-0001-6842-1555], Di Francesco, J [0000-0002-9289-2450], Fissel, LM [0000-0002-4666-609X], Franzmann, E [0000-0003-2142-0357], Houde, M [0000-0003-4420-8674], Lacaille, K [0000-0001-9870-5663], Matthews, B [0000-0003-3017-9577], Moriarty-Schieven, G [0000-0002-0393-7822], Tahani, M [0000-0001-8749-1436], Ching, TC [0000-0001-8516-2532], Dai, YS [0000-0002-7928-416X], Gu, Q [0000-0002-2826-1902], Li, HB [0000-0003-2641-9240], Liu, T [0000-0002-5286-2564], Lu, X [0000-0003-2619-9305], Qian, L [0000-0003-0597-0957], Wu, J [0000-0001-7276-3590], Xie, J [0000-0002-2738-146X], Zhang, CP [0000-0002-4428-3183], Zhang, Y [0000-0002-5102-2096], Zhou, J [0000-0003-0356-818X], Berry, D [0000-0001-6524-2447], Friberg, P [0000-0002-8010-8454], Graves, S [0000-0001-9361-5781], Liu, J [0000-0002-4774-2998], Mairs, S [0000-0002-6956-0730], Parsons, H [0000-0002-6327-3423], Rawlings, M [0000-0002-6529-202X], Doi, Y [0000-0001-8746-6548], Hayashi, S [0000-0001-5026-490X], Hull, CLH [0000-0002-8975-7573], Inoue, T [0000-0002-7935-8771], Inutsuka, SI [0000-0003-4366-6518], Kataoka, A [0000-0003-4562-4119], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
5101 Astronomical Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract

We present and analyze observations of polarized dust emission at 850 μm toward the central 1 × 1 pc hub-filament structure of Monoceros R2 (Mon R2). The data are obtained with SCUBA-2/POL-2 on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) as part of the B-fields in Star-forming Region Observations survey. The orientations of the magnetic field follow the spiral structure of Mon R2, which are well described by an axisymmetric magnetic field model. We estimate the turbulent component of the magnetic field using the angle difference between our observations and the best-fit model of the underlying large-scale mean magnetic field. This estimate is used to calculate the magnetic field strength using the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method, for which we also obtain the distribution of volume density and velocity dispersion using a column density map derived from Herschel data and the C18O (J = 3 − 2) data taken with HARP on the JCMT, respectively. We make maps of magnetic field strengths and mass-to-flux ratios, finding that magnetic field strengths vary from 0.02 to 3.64 mG with a mean value of 1.0 ± 0.06 mG, and the mean critical mass-to-flux ratio is 0.47 ± 0.02. Additionally, the mean Alfvén Mach number is 0.35 ± 0.01. This suggests that, in Mon R2, the magnetic fields provide resistance against large-scale gravitational collapse, and the magnetic pressure exceeds the turbulent pressure. We also investigate the properties of each filament in Mon R2. Most of the filaments are aligned along the magnetic field direction and are magnetically subcritical.

Published
2022
Full Text
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11. InSAR time-series analysis and susceptibility mapping for land subsidence in Semarang, Indonesia using convolutional neural network and support vector regression

Author

Hakim, WL, Fadhillah, MF, Park, S, Pradhan, B, Won, JS, Lee, CW, Hakim, WL, Fadhillah, MF, Park, S, Pradhan, B, Won, JS, and Lee, CW

Abstract

Global sea-level rise due to climate change is a critical problem for coastal cities. One of the coastal cities in Indonesia, Semarang, is in danger of being submerged by seawater due to flooding, which is exacerbated by land subsidence. Time-series analysis based on persistent scatterer (PS) interferometry usually suffers from sparse measurement points (MP), and thus does not completely cover the study area with low coherence. In this study, we utilized improved combined scatterers interferometry with optimized point scatterers (ICOPS) to increase the MP density. We also compared the optimization of the ICOPS method based on support vector regression (SVR) with convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms. The ICOPS-CNN showed better model performance and MP density, and was less time-consuming. Further land subsidence analysis was conducted in Semarang using susceptibility mapping. The land subsidence susceptibility map from the standalone deep learning (DL) algorithm (CNN = 0.833) outperformed the standalone machine learning (ML) algorithm (SVR = 0.820). The hybrid DL algorithm with grey wolf optimizer (GWO) (CNN-GWO = 0.907) exhibited the highest accuracy, followed by the hybrid ML algorithm (SVR-GWO = 0.843). The accuracy was consistent with the comparison between the susceptibility maps and the ICOPS measurements, resulting in a susceptibility map based on CNN-GWO with the highest accuracy (0.889). Land subsidence monitoring using ICOPS based on CNN and susceptibility mapping based on a hybrid DL algorithm (CNN-GWO) can be used by local governments to improve urban development planning in Semarang and its surrounding areas.

Published
2023

12. Google Earth Engine for Advanced Land Cover Analysis from Landsat-8 Data with Spectral and Topographic Insights

Author

Jan, SU, Abdollahi, A, Pradhan, B, Alamri, A, Lee, CW, Jan, SU, Abdollahi, A, Pradhan, B, Alamri, A, and Lee, CW

Abstract

The primary goal of this research is to see how effective cloud-based computing services such as Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform are at classifying multitemporal satellite images and producing high-quality land cover maps for the target year of 2020, with the possibility of using it on a larger-scale area such as metropolitan Melbourne as a test site. To create high-quality land cover maps, the GEE is utilized to analyze a total of 80 Landsat-8 images. The support vector machine (SVM) approach is used to classify the images. Moreover, we use spectral bands, spectral indices, and topographic parameters to improve classification and address the limitations of existing approaches for classification with restricted input variables. Furthermore, we apply a postprocessing strategy to increase the model's performance by removing the salt-and-pepper noise created by misclassified pixels in supervised classification results. The results demonstrate that given all parameters, the SVM approach achieves an overall accuracy (OA) and kappa accuracy of 88.47% and 85.34%, respectively. Following the implementation of the postprocessing technique, the OA and kappa improve to 92.90% and 90.99%, respectively. The results indicate that Landsat-8 multitemporal data, spectral indices, topographic components, and postprocessing techniques are all important in land cover mapping. Therefore, the use of freely accessible GEE technology and multitemporal Landsat-8 data ensures that decision makers have the resources they need to track land cover throughout the year.

Published
2023

13. Eupafolin nanoparticles protect HaCaT keratinocytes from particulate matter-induced inflammation and oxidative stress

Author

Lin ZC, Lee CW, Tsai MH, Ko HH, Fang JY, Chiang YC, Liang CJ, Hsu LF, Hu SC, and Yen FL

Subjects
eupafolin, nanoparticles, particulate matter, oxidative stress, cyclooxygenase-2, keratinocytes., Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Zih-Chan Lin,1,* Chiang-Wen Lee,2,3,* Ming-Horng Tsai,4 Horng-Huey Ko,5 Jia-You Fang,1,2 Yao-Chang Chiang,6,7 Chan-Jung Liang,8,9 Lee-Fen Hsu,10 Stephen Chu-Sung Hu,11,12 Feng-Lin Yen5,8,13 1Graduate Institute of BioMedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, 2Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 3Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Institute of Technology and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chiayi, 4Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin, 5Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 6Center for Drug Abuse and Addiction, China Medical University Hospital, 7Center for Drug Abuse and Addiction, China Medical University, Taichung, 8Center for Lipid and Glycomedicine Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 9Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 10Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi, 11Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 12Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 13Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: Exposure to particulate matter (PM), a major form of air pollution, can induce oxidative stress and inflammation and may lead to many diseases in various organ systems including the skin. Eupafolin, a flavonoid compound derived from Phyla nodiflora, has been previously shown to exhibit various pharmacological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Unfortunately, eupafolin is characterized by poor water solubility and skin penetration, which limits its clinical applications. To address these issues, we successfully synthesized a eupafolin nanoparticle delivery system (ENDS). Our findings showed that ENDS could overcome the physicochemical drawbacks of raw eupafolin with respect to water solubility and skin penetration, through reduction of particle size and formation of an amorphous state with hydrogen bonding. Moreover, ENDS was superior to raw eupafolin in attenuating PM-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in HaCaT keratinocytes, by mediating the antioxidant pathway (decreased reactive oxygen species production and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity) and anti-inflammation pathway (decreased cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 production through downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB signaling). In summary, ENDS shows better antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities than raw eupafolin through improvement of water solubility and skin penetration. Therefore, ENDS may potentially be used as a medicinal drug and/or cosmeceutical product to prevent PM-induced skin inflammation. Keywords: eupafolin, nanoparticles, particulate matter, oxidative stress, cyclooxygenase-2, keratinocytes

Published
2016

14. Design of acid-responsive polymeric nanoparticles for 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone topical administration

Author

Huang PH, Hu SC, Lee CW, Yeh AC, Tseng CH, and Yen FL

Subjects
3', 4'-trihydroxyisoflavone, nanoparticles, water solubility, skin penetration, topical delivery, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Pao-Hsien Huang,1,* Stephen Chu-Sung Hu,2,3,* Chiang-Wen Lee,4,5 An-Chi Yeh,6 Chih-Hua Tseng,7 Feng-Lin Yen1,8,9 1Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 2Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 3Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 4Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 5Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, 6Department of Cosmetics and Fashion Styling, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, 7School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 8Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 9Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: 7,3',4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone (734THIF) is a secondary metabolite of daidzein and has been recently found to possess antioxidant, melanin inhibition, and skin cancer chemopreventive activities. However, the poor water solubility of 734THIF impedes its absorption and skin penetration and, therefore, limits its pharmacological effects when applied topically to the skin. We seek to use the nanoprecipitation method to prepare optimal eudragit E100 (EE)–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-loaded 734THIF nanoparticles (734N) to improve its physicochemical properties and thereby increase its water solubility, skin penetration, and biological activities. EE–PVA-loaded 734THIF nanoparticles (734N) were prepared, and their morphology and particle size were evaluated using a particle size analyzer and by electron microscopy. The drug loading and encapsulation efficiencies and in vitro solubility were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Hydrogen-bond formation was evaluated by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and crystalline-to-amorphous transformation was determined by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry. In vitro skin penetration was analyzed using fresh pig skin mounted on Franz diffusion cells, and cytotoxicity against human keratinocyte HaCaT cells was evaluated using the MTT assay. Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-free radical scavenging ability. EE–PVA-loaded 734THIF nanoparticles showed good drug loading and encapsulation efficiencies and were characterized by improved physicochemical properties, including reduction in particle size, amorphous transformation, and intermolecular hydrogen-bond formation. This is associated with increased water solubility and enhanced in vitro skin penetration, with no cytotoxicity toward HaCaT cells. In addition, 734THIF nanoparticles retained their antioxidant activity. In conclusion, 734THIF nanoparticles are characterized by improved physicochemical properties, increased water solubility, and enhanced skin penetration, and these may have potential use in the future as a topical delivery formulation for the treatment of skin diseases. Keywords: 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone, nanoparticles, water solubility, skin penetration, topical delivery

Published
2016

15. Surface treatment of silica nanoparticles for stable and charge-controlled colloidal silica

Author

Kim KM, Kim HM, Lee WJ, Lee CW, Kim TI, Lee JK, Jeong J, Paek SM, and Oh JM

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Kyoung-Min Kim,1 Hye Min Kim,1 Won-Jae Lee,2 Chang-Woo Lee,3 Tae-il Kim,4 Jong-Kwon Lee,5 Jayoung Jeong,5 Seung-Min Paek,2 Jae-Min Oh1 1Department of Chemistry and Medical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Republic of Korea; 3Battelle-Korea Laboratory, International Center for Converging Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 4Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5Toxicological Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Chungchungbuk-do, Republic of Korea Abstract: An attempt was made to control the surface charge of colloidal silica nanoparticles with 20 nm and 100 nm diameters. Untreated silica nanoparticles were determined to be highly negatively charged and have stable hydrodynamic sizes in a wide pH range. To change the surface to a positively charged form, various coating agents, such as amine containing molecules, multivalent metal cation, or amino acids, were used to treat the colloidal silica nanoparticles. Molecules with chelating amine sites were determined to have high affinity with the silica surface to make agglomerations or gel-like networks. Amino acid coatings resulted in relatively stable silica colloids with a modified surface charge. Three amino acid moiety coatings (L-serine, L-histidine, and L-arginine) exhibited surface charge modifying efficacy of L-histidine > L-arginine > L-serine and hydrodynamic size preservation efficacy of L-serine > L-arginine > L-histidine. The time dependent change in L-arginine coated colloidal silica was investigated by measuring the pattern of the backscattered light in a Turbiscan™. The results indicated that both the 20 nm and 100 nm L-arginine coated silica samples were fairly stable in terms of colloidal homogeneity, showing only slight coalescence and sedimentation. Keywords: silica, nanoparticles, surface charge, colloidal stability, turbidity, amino acids

Published
2014

16. B-fields in Star-forming Region Observations (BISTRO): Magnetic Fields in the Filamentary Structures of Serpens Main

Author

Kwon, W, Pattle, K, Sadavoy, S, Hull, CLH, Johnstone, D, Ward-Thompson, D, Francesco, JD, Koch, PM, Furuya, R, Doi, Y, Le Gouellec, VJM, Hwang, J, Lyo, AR, Soam, A, Tang, X, Hoang, T, Kirchschlager, F, Eswaraiah, C, Fanciullo, L, Kim, KH, Onaka, T, Könyves, V, Kang, JH, Lee, CW, Tamura, M, Bastien, P, Hasegawa, T, Lai, SP, Qiu, K, Berry, D, Arzoumanian, D, Bourke, TL, Byun, DY, Chen, WP, Chen, HRV, Chen, M, Chen, Z, Ching, TC, Cho, J, Choi, Y, Choi, M, Chrysostomou, A, Chung, EJ, Coudé, S, Dai, S, Diep, PN, Duan, Y, Duan, HY, Eden, D, Fiege, J, Fissel, LM, Franzmann, E, Friberg, P, Friesen, R, Fuller, G, Gledhill, T, Graves, S, Greaves, J, Griffin, M, Gu, Q, Han, I, Hatchell, J, Hayashi, S, Houde, M, Inoue, T, Inutsuka, SI, Iwasaki, K, Jeong, IG, Kang, M, Karoly, J, Kataoka, A, Kawabata, K, Kemper, F, Kim, KT, Kim, G, Kim, MR, Kim, S, Kim, J, Kirk, J, Kobayashi, MIN, Kusune, T, Kwon, J, Lacaille, K, Law, CY, Lee, CF, Lee, YH, Lee, H, Lee, JE, Lee, SS, Li, D, Li, HB, Lin, SJ, Liu, SY, Liu, HL, Liu, J, Liu, T, Lu, X, Mairs, S, Matsumura, M, Kwon, W [0000-0003-4022-4132], Pattle, K [0000-0002-8557-3582], Sadavoy, S [0000-0001-7474-6874], Hull, CLH [0000-0002-8975-7573], Johnstone, D [0000-0002-6773-459X], Ward-Thompson, D [0000-0003-1140-2761], Francesco, JD [0000-0002-9289-2450], Koch, PM [0000-0003-2777-5861], Furuya, R [0000-0003-0646-8782], Doi, Y [0000-0001-8746-6548], Le Gouellec, VJM [0000-0002-5714-799X], Hwang, J [0000-0001-7866-2686], Lyo, AR [0000-0002-9907-8427], Soam, A [0000-0002-6386-2906], Tang, X [0000-0002-4154-4309], Hoang, T [0000-0003-2017-0982], Kirchschlager, F [0000-0002-3036-0184], Fanciullo, L [0000-0001-9930-9240], Kim, KH [0000-0001-9597-7196], Onaka, T [0000-0002-8234-6747], Könyves, V [0000-0002-3746-1498], Kang, JH [0000-0001-7379-6263], Tamura, M [0000-0002-6510-0681], Bastien, P [0000-0002-0794-3859], Lai, SP [0000-0001-5522-486X], Qiu, K [0000-0002-5093-5088], Arzoumanian, D [0000-0002-1959-7201], Bourke, TL [0000-0001-7491-0048], Byun, DY [0000-0003-1157-4109], Chen, WP [0000-0002-5519-0628], Chen, HRV [0000-0002-9774-1846], Chen, Z [0000-0003-0849-0692], Ching, TC [0000-0001-8516-2532], Cho, J [0000-0003-1725-4376], Chrysostomou, A [0000-0002-9583-8644], Chung, EJ [0000-0003-0014-1527], Coudé, S [0000-0002-0859-0805], Duan, HY [0000-0002-7022-4742], Eden, D [0000-0002-5881-3229], Fissel, LM [0000-0002-4666-609X], Franzmann, E [0000-0003-2142-0357], Friberg, P [0000-0002-8010-8454], Friesen, R [0000-0001-7594-8128], Fuller, G [0000-0001-8509-1818], Gledhill, T [0000-0002-2859-4600], Graves, S [0000-0001-9361-5781], Greaves, J [0000-0002-3133-413X], Gu, Q [0000-0002-2826-1902], Hatchell, J [0000-0002-4870-2760], Houde, M [0000-0003-4420-8674], Inoue, T [0000-0002-7935-8771], Inutsuka, SI [0000-0003-4366-6518], Iwasaki, K [0000-0002-2707-7548], Kang, M [0000-0002-5016-050X], Kataoka, A [0000-0003-4562-4119], Kawabata, K [0000-0001-6099-9539], Kemper, F [0000-0003-2743-8240], Kim, KT [0000-0003-2412-7092], Kim, G [0000-0003-2011-8172], Kim, MR [0000-0002-1408-7747], Kim, S [0000-0001-9333-5608], Kim, J [0000-0002-1229-0426], Kirk, J [0000-0002-4552-7477], Kobayashi, MIN [0000-0003-3990-1204], Kusune, T [0000-0002-9218-9319], Kwon, J [0000-0003-2815-7774], Lacaille, K [0000-0001-9870-5663], Law, CY [0000-0003-1964-970X], Lee, CF [0000-0002-3024-5864], Lee, YH [0000-0001-6047-701X], Lee, H [0000-0003-3465-3213], Lee, JE [0000-0003-3119-2087], Lee, SS [0000-0002-6269-594X], Li, D [0000-0003-3010-7661], Li, HB [0000-0003-2641-9240], Lin, SJ [0000-0002-6868-4483], Liu, SY [0000-0003-4603-7119], Liu, J [0000-0002-4774-2998], Lu, X [0000-0003-2619-9305], Mairs, S [0000-0002-6956-0730], Matsumura, M [0000-0002-6906-0103], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
5101 Astronomical Sciences, Interstellar Matter and the Local Universe, 51 Physical Sciences, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We present 850 μm polarimetric observations toward the Serpens Main molecular cloud obtained using the POL-2 polarimeter on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope as part of the B-fields In STar-forming Region Observations survey. These observations probe the magnetic field morphology of the Serpens Main molecular cloud on about 6000 au scales, which consists of cores and six filaments with different physical properties such as density and star formation activity. Using the histogram of relative orientation (HRO) technique, we find that magnetic fields are parallel to filaments in less-dense filamentary structures where N H 2 < 0.93 × 10 22 cm−2 (magnetic fields perpendicular to density gradients), while they are perpendicular to filaments (magnetic fields parallel to density gradients) in dense filamentary structures with star formation activity. Moreover, applying the HRO technique to denser core regions, we find that magnetic field orientations change to become perpendicular to density gradients again at N H 2 ≈ 4.6 × 10 22 cm−2. This can be interpreted as a signature of core formation. At N H 2 ≈ 16 × 10 22 cm−2, magnetic fields change back to being parallel to density gradients once again, which can be understood to be due to magnetic fields being dragged in by infalling material. In addition, we estimate the magnetic field strengths of the filaments (B POS = 60–300 μG)) using the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method and discuss whether the filaments are gravitationally unstable based on magnetic field and turbulence energy densities.

Published
2022
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17. The JCMT BISTRO survey: An 850/450μm polarization study of NGC 2071IR in Orion B

Author

Lyo, AR, Kim, J, Sadavoy, S, Johnstone, D, Berry, D, Pattle, K, Kwon, W, Bastien, P, Onaka, T, Di Francesco, J, Kang, JH, Furuya, R, Hull, CLH, Tamura, M, Koch, PM, Ward-Thompson, D, Hasegawa, T, Hoang, T, Arzoumanian, D, Lee, CW, Lee, CF, Byun, DY, Kirchschlager, F, Doi, Y, Kim, KT, Hwang, J, Diep, PN, Fanciullo, L, Lee, SS, Park, G, Yoo, H, Chung, EJ, Whitworth, A, Mairs, S, Soam, A, Liu, T, Tang, X, Coudé, S, André, P, Bourke, TL, Chen, HRV, Chen, Z, Chen, WP, Chen, M, Ching, TC, Choi, M, Choi, Y, Chrysostomou, A, Dai, S, Zhang, CP, Duan, HY, Duan, Y, Cho, J, Eden, D, Eswaraiah, C, Eyres, S, Fiege, J, Fissel, LM, Franzmann, E, Friberg, P, Friesen, R, Fuller, G, Gledhill, T, Graves, S, Greaves, J, Griffin, M, Gu, Q, Han, I, Hatchell, J, Hayashi, S, Houde, M, Inoue, T, Inutsuka, SI, Iwasaki, K, Jeong, IG, Kang, M, Kataoka, A, Kawabata, K, Kim, G, Kim, MR, Kim, S, Kim, KH, Kirk, J, Kobayashi, MIN, Kemper, F, Könyves, V, Kusune, T, Kwon, J, Lacaille, K, Lai, SP, Lee, JE, Lee, YH, Lee, H, Li, D, Li, HB, Liu, HL, Law, CY, Liu, J, Liu, SY, Lyo, AR [0000-0002-9907-8427], Kim, J [0000-0002-1229-0426], Johnstone, D [0000-0002-6773-459X], Pattle, K [0000-0002-8557-3582], Kwon, W [0000-0003-4022-4132], Bastien, P [0000-0002-0794-3859], Onaka, T [0000-0002-8234-6747], Kang, JH [0000-0001-7379-6263], Furuya, R [0000-0003-0646-8782], Hull, CLH [0000-0002-8975-7573], Tamura, M [0000-0002-6510-0681], Koch, PM [0000-0003-2777-5861], Ward-Thompson, D [0000-0003-1140-2761], Hoang, T [0000-0003-2017-0982], Arzoumanian, D [0000-0002-1959-7201], Lee, CF [0000-0002-3024-5864], Byun, DY [0000-0003-1157-4109], Kirchschlager, F [0000-0002-3036-0184], Doi, Y [0000-0001-8746-6548], Kim, KT [0000-0003-2412-7092], Hwang, J [0000-0001-7866-2686], Lee, SS [0000-0002-6269-594X], Park, G [0000-0001-8467-3736], Yoo, H [0000-0002-8578-1728], Chung, EJ [0000-0003-0014-1527], Mairs, S [0000-0002-6956-0730], Soam, A [0000-0002-6386-2906], Liu, T [0000-0002-5286-2564], Tang, X [0000-0002-4154-4309], Coudé, S [0000-0002-0859-0805], André, P [0000-0002-3413-2293], Bourke, TL [0000-0001-7491-0048], Chen, Z [0000-0003-0849-0692], Chen, WP [0000-0002-5519-0628], Ching, TC [0000-0001-8516-2532], Chrysostomou, A [0000-0002-9583-8644], Zhang, CP [0000-0002-4428-3183], Cho, J [0000-0003-1725-4376], Eden, D [0000-0002-5881-3229], Franzmann, E [0000-0003-2142-0357], Friberg, P [0000-0002-8010-8454], Friesen, R [0000-0001-7594-8128], Fuller, G [0000-0001-8509-1818], Gledhill, T [0000-0002-2859-4600], Graves, S [0000-0001-9361-5781], Gu, Q [0000-0002-2826-1902], Hatchell, J [0000-0002-4870-2760], Houde, M [0000-0003-4420-8674], Inoue, T [0000-0002-7935-8771], Inutsuka, SI [0000-0003-4366-6518], Iwasaki, K [0000-0002-2707-7548], Kang, M [0000-0002-5016-050X], Kataoka, A [0000-0003-4562-4119], Kawabata, K [0000-0001-6099-9539], Kim, G [0000-0003-2011-8172], Kim, MR [0000-0002-1408-7747], Kim, S [0000-0001-9333-5608], Kirk, J [0000-0002-4552-7477], Kobayashi, MIN [0000-0003-3990-1204], Kemper, F [0000-0003-2743-8240], Könyves, V [0000-0002-3746-1498], Kusune, T [0000-0002-9218-9319], Kwon, J [0000-0003-2815-7774], Lacaille, K [0000-0001-9870-5663], Lai, SP [0000-0001-5522-486X], Lee, JE [0000-0003-3119-2087], Lee, YH [0000-0001-6047-701X], Lee, H [0000-0003-3465-3213], Li, D [0000-0003-3010-7661], Li, HB [0000-0003-2641-9240], Law, CY [0000-0003-1964-970X], Liu, J [0000-0002-4774-2998], Liu, SY [0000-0003-4603-7119], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
5101 Astronomical Sciences, 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract

We present the results of simultaneous 450 μm and 850 μm polarization observations toward the massive star-forming region NGC 2071IR, a target of the BISTRO (B-fields in STar-forming Region Observations) Survey, using the POL-2 polarimeter and SCUBA-2 camera mounted on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. We find a pinched magnetic field morphology in the central dense core region, which could be due to a rotating toroidal disklike structure and a bipolar outflow originating from the central young stellar object IRS 3. Using the modified Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method, we obtain a plane-of-sky magnetic field strength of 563 ± 421 μG in the central ∼0.12 pc region from 850 μm polarization data. The corresponding magnetic energy density of 2.04 × 10−8 erg cm−3 is comparable to the turbulent and gravitational energy densities in the region. We find that the magnetic field direction is very well aligned with the whole of the IRS 3 bipolar outflow structure. We find that the median value of polarization fractions is 3.0% at 450 μm in the central 3′ region, which is larger than the median value of 1.2% at 850 μm. The trend could be due to the better alignment of warmer dust in the strong radiation environment. We also find that polarization fractions decrease with intensity at both wavelengths, with slopes, determined by fitting a Rician noise model of 0.59 ± 0.03 at 450 μm and 0.36 ± 0.04 at 850 μm, respectively. We think that the shallow slope at 850 μm is due to grain alignment at the center being assisted by strong radiation from the central young stellar objects.

Published
2021
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18. Dust polarized emission observations of NGC 6334

Author

Arzoumanian, D, Furuya, RS, Hasegawa, T, Tahani, M, Sadavoy, S, Hull, CLH, Johnstone, D, Koch, PM, Inutsuka, S, Doi, Y, Hoang, T, Onaka, T, Iwasaki, K, Shimajiri, Y, Inoue, T, Peretto, N, André, P, Bastien, P, Berry, D, Chen, H-RV, Di Francesco, J, Eswaraiah, C, Fanciullo, L, Fissel, LM, Hwang, J, Kang, J-H, Kim, G, Kim, K-T, Kirchschlager, F, Kwon, W, Lee, CW, Liu, H-L, Lyo, A-R, Pattle, K, Soam, A, Tang, X, Whitworth, A, Ching, T-C, Coudé, S, Wang, J-W, Ward-Thompson, D, Lai, S-P, Qiu, K, Bourke, TL, Byun, D-Y, Chen, M, Chen, Z, Chen, WP, Cho, J, Choi, Y, Choi, M, Chrysostomou, A, Chung, EJ, Dai, S, Diep, PN, Duan, H-Y, Duan, Y, Eden, D, Fiege, J, Franzmann, E, Friberg, P, Fuller, G, Gledhill, T, Graves, S, Greaves, J, Griffin, M, Gu, Q, Han, I, Hatchell, J, Hayashi, S, Houde, M, Jeong, I-G, Kang, M, Kang, S-J, Kataoka, A, Kawabata, K, Kemper, F, Kim, M-R, Kim, KH, Kim, J, Kim, S, Kirk, J, Kobayashi, MIN, Könyves, V, Kusune, T, Kwon, J, Lacaille, K, Law, C-Y, Lee, C-F, Lee, Y-H, Lee, S-S, Lee, H, Lee, J-E, Li, H-B, Li, D, Li, DL, Liu, J, Liu, T, Liu, S-Y, Lu, X, Mairs, S, Matsumura, M, Matthews, B, Moriarty-Schieven, G, Nagata, T, Nakamura, F, Nakanishi, H, Ngoc, NB, Ohashi, N, Park, G, Parsons, H, Pyo, T-S, Qian, L, Rao, R, Rawlings, J, Rawlings, M, Retter, B, Richer, J, Rigby, A, Saito, H, Savini, G, Scaife, A, Seta, M, Shinnaga, H, Tamura, M, Tang, Y-W, Tomisaka, K, Tram, LN, Tsukamoto, Y, Viti, S, Wang, H, Xie, J, Yen, H-W, Yoo, H, Yuan, J, Yun, H-S, Zenko, T, Zhang, G, Zhang, C-P, Zhang, Y, Zhou, J, Zhu, L, de Looze, I, Dowell, CD, Eyres, S, Falle, S, Friesen, R, Robitaille, J-F, and van Loo, S

Subjects
Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Context. Molecular filaments and hubs have received special attention recently thanks to new studies showing their key role in star formation. While the (column) density and velocity structures of both filaments and hubs have been carefully studied, their magnetic field (B-field) properties have yet to be characterized. Consequently, the role of B-fields in the formation and evolution of hub-filament systems is not well constrained. Aims. We aim to understand the role of the B-field and its interplay with turbulence and gravity in the dynamical evolution of the NGC 6334 filament network that harbours cluster-forming hubs and high-mass star formation. Methods. We present new observations of the dust polarized emission at 850 μm toward the 2 pc × 10 pc map of NGC 6334 at a spatial resolution of 0.09 pc obtained with the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) as part of the B-field In STar-forming Region Observations (BISTRO) survey. We study the distribution and dispersion of the polarized intensity (PI), the polarization fraction (PF), and the plane-of-the-sky B-field angle (χB_POS) toward the whole region, along the 10 pc-long ridge and along the sub-filaments connected to the ridge and the hubs. We derived the power spectra of the intensity and χBPOS along the ridge crest and compared them with the results obtained from simulated filaments. Results. The observations span ~3 orders of magnitude in Stokes I and PI and ~2 orders of magnitude in PF (from ~0.2 to ~ 20%). A large scatter in PI and PF is observed for a given value of I. Our analyses show a complex B-field structure when observed over the whole region (~ 10 pc); however, at smaller scales (~1 pc), χBPOS varies coherently along the crests of the filament network. The observed power spectrum of χBPOS can be well represented with a power law function with a slope of − 1.33 ± 0.23, which is ~20% shallower than that of I. We find that this result is compatible with the properties of simulated filaments and may indicate the physical processes at play in the formation and evolution of star-forming filaments. Along the sub-filaments, χBPOS rotates frombeing mostly perpendicular or randomly oriented with respect to the crests to mostly parallel as the sub-filaments merge with the ridge and hubs. This variation of the B-field structure along the sub-filaments may be tracing local velocity flows of infalling matter in the ridge and hubs. Our analysis also suggests a variation in the energy balance along the crests of these sub-filaments, from magnetically critical or supercritical at their far ends to magnetically subcritical near the ridge and hubs. We also detect an increase in PF toward the high-column density (NH2 ≳ 1023 cm−2) star cluster-forming hubs. These latter large PF values may be explained by the increase in grain alignment efficiency due to stellar radiation from the newborn stars, combined with an ordered B-field structure. Conclusions. These observational results reveal for the first time the characteristics of the small-scale (down to ~ 0.1 pc) B-field structure of a 10 pc-long hub-filament system. Our analyses show variations in the polarization properties along the sub-filaments that may be tracing the evolution of their physical properties during their interaction with the ridge and hubs. We also detect an impact of feedback from young high-mass stars on the local B-field structure and the polarization properties, which could put constraints on possible models for dust grain alignment and provide important hints as to the interplay between the star formation activity and interstellar B-fields.

Published
2021

20. Preliminary Minimum Reporting Requirements for In-Vivo Neural Interface Research: I. Implantable Neural Interfaces

Author

Eiber, C, Delbeke, J, Cardoso, J, de Neeling, M, John, S, Lee, CW, Skefos, J, Sun, A, Prodanov, D, McKinney, Z, Eiber, C, Delbeke, J, Cardoso, J, de Neeling, M, John, S, Lee, CW, Skefos, J, Sun, A, Prodanov, D, and McKinney, Z

Abstract

The pace of research and development in neuroscience, neurotechnology, and neurorehabilitation is rapidly accelerating, with the number of publications doubling every 4.2 years. Maintaining this progress requires technological standards and scientific reporting guidelines to provide frameworks for communication and interoperability. The present lack of such standards for neurotechnologies limits the transparency, reproducibility, and meta-analysis of this growing body of research, posing an ongoing barrier to research, clinical, and commercial objectives. Continued neurotechnological innovation requires the development of some minimal standards to promote integration between this broad spectrum of technologies and therapies. To preserve design freedom and accelerate the translation of research into safe and effective technologies with maximal user benefit, such standards must be collaboratively co-developed by a full spectrum of neuroscience and neurotechnology stakeholders. This paper summarizes the preliminary recommendations of IEEE Working Group P2794, developing a Reporting Standard for in-vivo Neural Interface Research (RSNIR). Index Terms— Neurotechnology, reproducibility, scientific reporting, standardization, bioelectronic medicine Impact Statement— This work provides a preliminary set of reporting guidelines for implantable neural interface research, developed by IEEE WG P2794 in open collaboration between a range of stakeholders to accelerate the research, development, and integration of innovative neurotechnologies.

Published
2021

21. Preliminary Minimum Reporting Requirements for Reporting In-Vivo Neural Interface Research: I. Implantable Neural Interfaces

Author

Eiber, CD, Delbeke, J, Cardoso, J, de Neeling, M, John, SE, Lee, CW, Skefos, J, Sun, A, Prodanov, D, McKinney, Z, Eiber, CD, Delbeke, J, Cardoso, J, de Neeling, M, John, SE, Lee, CW, Skefos, J, Sun, A, Prodanov, D, and McKinney, Z

Abstract

The pace of research and development in neuroscience, neurotechnology, and neurorehabilitation is rapidly accelerating, with the number of publications doubling every 4.2 years. Maintaining this progress requires technological standards and scientific reporting guidelines to provide frameworks for communication and interoperability. The present lack of such standards for neurotechnologies limits the transparency, reproducibility, and meta-analysis of this growing body of research, posing an ongoing barrier to research, clinical, and commercial objectives. Continued neurotechnological innovation requires the development of some minimal standards to promote integration between this broad spectrum of technologies and therapies. To preserve design freedom and accelerate the translation of research into safe and effective technologies with maximal user benefit, such standards must be collaboratively co-developed by a full spectrum of neuroscience and neurotechnology stakeholders. This paper summarizes the preliminary recommendations of IEEE Working Group P2794, developing a Reporting Standard for in-vivo Neural Interface Research (RSNIR). Index Terms— Neurotechnology, reproducibility, scientific reporting, standardization, bioelectronic medicine Impact Statement— This work provides a preliminary set of reporting guidelines for implantable neural interface research, developed by IEEE WG P2794 in open collaboration between a range of stakeholders to accelerate the research, development, and integration of innovative neurotechnologies.

Published
2021

22. Pixel and Object-Based Machine Learning Classification Schemes for Lithological Mapping Enhancement of Semi-Arid Regions Using Sentinel-2A Imagery: A Case Study of the Southern Moroccan Meseta

Author

Serbouti, I, Raji, M, Hakdaoui, M, Pradhan, B, Lee, CW, Alamri, AM, Serbouti, I, Raji, M, Hakdaoui, M, Pradhan, B, Lee, CW, and Alamri, AM

Abstract

Mapping lithological units of an area using remote sensing data can be broadly grouped into pixel-based (PBIA), sub-pixel based (SPBIA) and object-based (GEOBIA) image analysis approaches. Since it is not only the datasets adequacy but also the correct classification selection that influences the lithological mapping. This research is intended to analyze and evaluate the efficiency of these three approaches for lithological mapping in semi-arid areas, by using Sentinel-2A data and many algorithms for image enhancement and spectral analysis, in particular two specialized Band Ratio (BR) and the Independent component analysis (ICA), for that reason the Paleozoic Massif of Skhour Rehamna, situated in the western Moroccan Meseta was chosen. In this study, the support vector machine (SVM) that is theoretically more efficient machine learning algorithm (MLA) in geological mapping is used in PBIA and GEOBIA approaches. The evaluation and comparison of the performance of these different methods showed that SVM-GEOBIA approach gives the highest overall classification accuracy (OA \approx ~93 %) and kappa coefficient (K) of 0, 89, while SPBIA classification showed OA of approximately 89% and kappa coefficient of 0, 84, whereas the lithological maps resulted from SVM-PBIA method exhibit salt and pepper noise, with a lower OA of 87% and kappa coefficient of 0, 80 comparing them with the other classification approaches. From the results of this comparative study, we can conclude that the SVM-GEOBIA classification approach is the most suitable technique for lithological mapping in semi-arid regions, where outcrops are often inaccessible, which complicates classic cartographic work.

Published
2021

23. Spatial prediction of groundwater potentiality in large semi‐arid and karstic mountainous region using machine learning models

Author

Namous, M, Hssaisoune, M, Pradhan, B, Lee, CW, Alamri, A, Elaloui, A, Edahbi, M, Krimissa, S, Eloudi, H, Ouayah, M, Elhimer, H, Tagma, T, Namous, M, Hssaisoune, M, Pradhan, B, Lee, CW, Alamri, A, Elaloui, A, Edahbi, M, Krimissa, S, Eloudi, H, Ouayah, M, Elhimer, H, and Tagma, T

Abstract

The drinking and irrigation water scarcity is a major global issue, particularly in arid and semi‐arid zones. In rural areas, groundwater could be used as an alternative and additional water supply source in order to reduce human suffering in terms of water scarcity. In this context, the purpose of the present study is to facilitate groundwater potentiality mapping via spatial‐modelling techniques, individual and ensemble machine‐learning models. Random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) are the main algorithms used in this study. The preparation of groundwater potentiality maps was assembled into 11 ensembles of models. Overall, about 374 groundwater springs was identified and inventoried in the mountain area. The spring inventory data was randomly divided into training (75%) and testing (25%) datasets. Twenty‐four groundwater influencing factors (GIFs) were selected based on a multicollinearity test and the information gain calculation. The results of the groundwater potentiality mapping were validated using statistical measures and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) method. Finally, a ranking of the 15 models was achieved with the prioritization rank method using the compound factor (CF) method. The ensembles of models are the most stable and suitable for groundwater potentiality mapping in mountainous aquifers compared to individual models based on success and prediction rate. The most efficient model using the area under the curve validation method is the RF‐LR‐DT‐ANN ensemble of models. Moreover, the results of the prioritization rank indicate that the best models are the RF‐DT and RF‐LR‐DT ensembles of models.

Published
2021

24. CHIMPS2: survey description and ¹²CO emission in the Galactic Centre

Author

Eden, DJ, Moore, TJT, Currie, MJ, Rigby, AJ, Rosolowsky, E, Su, Y, Kim, K-T, Parsons, H, Morata, O, Chen, H-R, Minamidani, T, Park, G, Ragan, SE, Urquhart, JS, Rani, R, Tahani, K, Billington, SJ, Deb, S, Figura, C, Fujiyoshi, T, Joncas, G, Liao, LW, Liu, T, Ma, H, Tuan-Anh, P, Yun, H-S, Zhang, S, Zhu, M, Henshaw, JD, Longmore, SN, Kobayashi, MIN, Thompson, MA, Ao, Y, Campbell-White, J, Ching, T-C, Chung, EJ, Duarte-Cabral, A, Fich, M, Gao, Y, Graves, SF, Jiang, X-J, Kemper, F, Kuan, Y-J, Kwon, W, Lee, CW, Lee, J-E, Liu, M, Peñaloza, CH, Peretto, N, Phuong, NT, Pineda, JE, Plume, R, Puspitaningrum, E, Samal, MR, Soam, A, Sun, Y, Tang, XD, Traficante, A, White, GJ, Yan, C-H, Yang, AY, Yuan, J, Yue, N, Bemis, A, Brunt, CM, Chen, Z, Cho, J, Clark, PC, Cyganowski, CJ, Friberg, P, Fuller, GA, Han, I, Hoare, MG, Izumi, N, Kim, H-J, Kim, J, Kim, S, Koch, EW, Kuno, N, Lacialle, KM, Lai, S-P, Lee, H, Lee, Y-H, Li, DL, Liu, S-Y, Mairs, S, Pan, Z, Qian, L, Scicluna, P, Shi, C-S, Shi, H, Srinivasan, S, Tan, Q-H, Thomas, HS, Torii, K, Trejo, A, Umemoto, T, Violino, G, Wallström, S, Wang, B, Wu, Y, Yuan, L, Zhang, C, Zhang, M, Zhou, C, and Zhou, JJ

Abstract

The latest generation of Galactic Plane surveys is enhancing our ability to study the effects of galactic environment upon the process of star formation. We present the first data from CO Heterodyne Inner Milky Way Plane Survey 2 (CHIMPS2). CHIMPS2 is a survey that will observe the Inner Galaxy, the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ), and a section of the Outer Galaxy in 12CO, 13CO, and C18O (J = 3 → 2) emission with the Heterodyne Array Receiver Program on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). The first CHIMPS2 data presented here are a first look towards the CMZ in 12CO J = 3 → 2 and cover −3◦ ≤ ≤ 5◦ and | b | ≤ 0. ◦5 with angular resolution of 15 arcsec, velocity resolution of 1 km s−1, and rms T ∗ A = 0.58 K at these resolutions. Such high-resolution observations of the CMZ will be a valuable data set for future studies, whilst complementing the existing Galactic Plane surveys, such as SEDIGISM, the Herschel infrared Galactic Plane Survey, and ATLASGAL. In this paper, we discuss the survey plan, the current observations and data, as well as presenting position–position maps of the region. The position–velocity maps detect foreground spiral arms in both absorption and emission.

Published
2020

25. Novel hybrid intelligence models for flood-susceptibility prediction: Meta optimization of the GMDH and SVR models with the genetic algorithm and harmony search

Author

Dodangeh, E, Panahi, M, Rezaie, F, Lee, S, Tien Bui, D, Lee, CW, and Pradhan, B

Subjects
Environmental Engineering
Abstract

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Floods are among the deadliest natural hazards for humans and the environment. Identifying the most flood-susceptible areas is a fundamental step in the development of flood mitigation strategies and for reducing flood damage. There is an ongoing global debate regarding the most suitable model for flood-susceptibility modeling and predictions. There is also a growing interest in the development of parsimonious and precise models for flood-susceptibility prediction. This study proposed several novel hybrid intelligence models based on the meta-optimization of the support vector regression (SVR) and group method of data handling (GMDH) using different meta-heuristic algorithms, i.e., the genetic algorithm (GA) and harmony search (HS). In contrast to the traditional models, in the SVR model computational complexity does not depend on the dimensionality of the input space. GMDH model has also advantage of being appropriate to analyze multi-parametric data sets. The methodology was developed for the Haraz-Neka watershed, one of the most flood-prone areas in the coastal margins of the Caspian Sea. A total of nine geospatial parameters (slope degree, aspect, elevation, plan curvature, profile curvature, distance to the river, land use, lithology, and rainfall) were identified as the main flood-conditioning factors using information gain ratio (IGR) analyses. Based on existing reports, 132 flood locations were identified in the study area, 92 points (70%) were used together with geospatial data for flood-susceptibility modeling, and the remaining 40 points (30%) were used to validate the models. An initial flood-susceptibility model was constructed based on the SVR and GMDH models. The model parameters were optimized using the GA and HS to reproduce the flood-susceptibility maps. The prediction accuracy of the resultant maps was evaluated in terms of various statistical measures, i.e., mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC). The results showed that the SVR model had superior performance (AUC = 0.70–0.75, RMSE = 0.29–0.36, MSE = 0.08–0.13) compared to the GMDH model (AUC = 0.67–0.74, RMSE = 0.32–0.39, MSE = 0.1–0.15). Both the GA and HS remarkably improved the SVR and GMDH performance, with the SVR-GA model performing the best (AUC = 0.75, RMSE = 0.29, MSE = 0.08) followed by the SVR-HS model (AUC = 0.75, RMSE = 0.33, MSE = 0.11). Our results verify the efficiency of the proposed hybrid models for spatial flood-susceptibility prediction. The proposed models can be adopted for use in other regions with similar hydro-environment characteristics.

Published
2020

26. Machine learning-based and 3d kinematic models for rockfall hazard assessment using LiDAR Data and GIS

Author

Fanos, AM, Pradhan, B, Alamri, A, and Lee, CW

Subjects
0203 Classical Physics, 0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, 0909 Geomatic Engineering
Abstract

© 2020 by the authors. Rockfall is one of the most hazardous phenomena in mountainous and hilly regions with high and steep terrain. Such incidents can cause massive damage to people, properties, and infrastructure. Therefore, proper rockfall hazard assessment methods are required to save lives and provide a guide for the development of an area. The aim of this research is to develop a method for rockfall hazard assessment at two different scales (regional and local). A high-resolution airborne laser scanning (ALS) technique was utilized to derive an accurate digital terrain model (DTM); next, a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) was used to capture the topography of the two most critical areas within the study area. A staking machine-learning model based on different classifiers, namely logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), and k-nearest neighbor (KNN), was optimized and employed to determine rockfall probability by utilizing various rockfall conditioning factors. A developed 3D rockfall kinematic model was used to obtain rockfall trajectories, velocity, frequency, bouncing height, kinetic energy, and impact location. Next, a spatial model combined with a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (fuzzy-AHP) integrated in the Geographic Information System (GIS) was developed to assess rockfall hazard in two different areas in Ipoh, Malaysia. Additionally, mitigation processes were suggested and assessed to provide a comprehensive information for urban planning management. The results show that, the stacking random forest-k-nearest neighbor (RF-KNN) model is the best hybrid model compared to other tested models with an accuracy of 89%, 86%, and 87% based on training, validation, and cross-validation datasets, respectively. The three-dimension rockfall kinematic model was calibrated with an accuracy of 93% and 95% for the two study areas and subsequently the rockfall trajectories and their characteristics were derived. The assessment of the suggested mitigation processes proves that the proposed methods can reduce or eliminate rockfall hazard in these areas. According to the results, the proposed method can be generalized and applied in other geographical places to provide decision-makers with a comprehensive rockfall hazard assessment.

Published
2020

27. Landsat images and artificial intelligence techniques used to map volcanic ashfall and pyroclastic material following the eruption of Mount Agung, Indonesia

Author

Syifa, M, Kadavi, PR, Lee, CW, Pradhan, B, Syifa, M, Kadavi, PR, Lee, CW, and Pradhan, B

Abstract

© 2020, Saudi Society for Geosciences. Of the 829 active volcanoes distributed worldwide, 129 are located in Indonesia. Two recent eruptions of Mount Agung on Bali Island, Indonesia, on November 21, 2017, and January 11, 2018, produced massive ash, steam, and gas emissions. Rainwater carried these pyroclastic materials in cold lahars to southwestern parts of the island. Because explosive eruptions of Mount Agung during 1963–1964 produced voluminous ashfall and catastrophic pyroclastic flows, the monitoring of this volcano has been considered essential. Land cover (LC) mapping is one method commonly used to monitor the spread of materials in volcanic areas due to the inaccessibility of field data during ongoing eruptions. We analyzed multispectral data using two different classifiers: an artificial neural network (ANN) and a support vector machine (SVM). Landsat imagery was used to generate a LC map with four feature classes: rock and sand, vegetation, cloud, and shadow. The ANN method was more accurate than the SVM method, with classification accuracies of 94.67% and 97% for the first and second Mount Agung eruptions, respectively. The SVM classifier was better than ANN at classifying images taken prior to eruption, with an overall accuracy of 91.60%. Thus, both classifiers accurately distinguished eruption products and environmental features, and are suitable for LC classification in volcanic regions.

Published
2020

28. Earthquake Probability Assessment for the Indian Subcontinent Using Deep Learning.

Author

Jena, R, Pradhan, B, Al-Amri, A, Lee, CW, Park, H-J, Jena, R, Pradhan, B, Al-Amri, A, Lee, CW, and Park, H-J

Abstract

Earthquake prediction is a popular topic among earth scientists; however, this task is challenging and exhibits uncertainty therefore, probability assessment is indispensable in the current period. During the last decades, the volume of seismic data has increased exponentially, adding scalability issues to probability assessment models. Several machine learning methods, such as deep learning, have been applied to large-scale images, video, and text processing; however, they have been rarely utilized in earthquake probability assessment. Therefore, the present research leveraged advances in deep learning techniques to generate scalable earthquake probability mapping. To achieve this objective, this research used a convolutional neural network (CNN). Nine indicators, namely, proximity to faults, fault density, lithology with an amplification factor value, slope angle, elevation, magnitude density, epicenter density, distance from the epicenter, and peak ground acceleration (PGA) density, served as inputs. Meanwhile, 0 and 1 were used as outputs corresponding to non-earthquake and earthquake parameters, respectively. The proposed classification model was tested at the country level on datasets gathered to update the probability map for the Indian subcontinent using statistical measures, such as overall accuracy (OA), F1 score, recall, and precision. The OA values of the model based on the training and testing datasets were 96% and 92%, respectively. The proposed model also achieved precision, recall, and F1 score values of 0.88, 0.99, and 0.93, respectively, for the positive (earthquake) class based on the testing dataset. The model predicted two classes and observed very-high (712,375 km2) and high probability (591,240.5 km2) areas consisting of 19.8% and 16.43% of the abovementioned zones, respectively. Results indicated that the proposed model is superior to the traditional methods for earthquake probability assessment in terms of accuracy. Aside from facilitating t

Published
2020

29. Assessing the changes in the moisture/dryness of water cavity surfaces in imlili sebkha in southwestern morocco by using machine learning classification in google earth engine

Author

Hakdaoui, S, Emran, A, Pradhan, B, Qninba, A, El Balla, T, Mfondoum, AHN, Lee, CW, Alamri, AM, Hakdaoui, S, Emran, A, Pradhan, B, Qninba, A, El Balla, T, Mfondoum, AHN, Lee, CW, and Alamri, AM

Abstract

© 2020 by the authors. Imlili Sebkha is a stable and flat depression in southern Morocco that is more than 10 km long and almost 3 km wide. This region is mainly sandy, but its northern part holds permanent water pockets that contain fauna and flora despite their hypersaline water. Google Earth Engine (GEE) has revolutionized land monitoring analysis by allowing the use of satellite imagery and other datasets via cloud computing technology and server-side JavaScript programming. This work highlights the potential application of GEE in processing large amounts of satellite Earth Observation (EO) Big Data for the free, long-term, and wide spatio-temporal wet/dry permanent salt water cavities and moisture monitoring of Imlili Sebkha. Optical and radar images were used to understand the functions of Imlili Sebkha in discovering underground hydrological networks. The main objective of this work was to investigate and evaluate the complementarity of optical Landsat, Sentinel-2 data, and Sentinel-1 radar data in such a desert environment. Results show that radar images are not only well suited in studying desertic areas but also in mapping the water cavities in desert wetland zones. The sensitivity of these images to the variations in the slope of the topographic surface facilitated the geological and geomorphological analyses of desert zones and helped reveal the hydrological functions of Imlili Sebkha in discovering buried underground networks.

Published
2020

30. The JCMT BISTRO Survey:The Magnetic Field of the Barnard 1 Star-forming Region

Author

Coude, S, Bastien, P, Houde, M, Sadavoy, S, Friesen, R, Di Francesco, J, Johnstone, D, Mairs, S, Hasegawa, T, Kwon, W, Lai, S-P, Qiu, K, Ward-Thompson, D, Berry, D, Chen, MC-Y, Fiege, J, Franzmann, E, Hatchell, J, Lacaille, K, Matthews, BC, Moriarty-Schieven, GH, Pon, A, Andre, P, Arzoumanian, D, Aso, Y, Byun, D-Y, Eswaraiah, C, Chen, H-R, Chen, WP, Ching, T-C, Cho, J, Choi, M, Chrysostomou, A, Chung, EJ, Doi, Y, Drabek-Maunder, E, Dowell, CD, Eyres, SPS, Falle, S, Friberg, P, Fuller, G, Furuya, RS, Gledhill, T, Graves, SF, Greaves, JS, Griffin, MJ, Gu, Q, Hayashi, SS, Hoang, T, Holland, W, Inoue, T, Inutsuka, S-I, Iwasaki, K, Jeong, I-G, Kanamori, Y, Kataoka, A, Kang, J-H, Kang, M, Kang, S-J, Kawabata, KS, Kemper, F, Kim, G, Kim, J, Kim, K-T, Kim, KH, Kim, M-R, Kim, S, Kirk, JM, Kobayashi, MIN, Koch, PM, Kwon, J, Lee, J-E, Lee, CW, Lee, S-S, Li, D, Li, H-B, Liu, H-L, Liu, J, Liu, S-Y, Liu, T, van Loo, S, Lyo, A-R, Matsumura, M, Nagata, T, Nakamura, F, Nakanishi, H, Ohashi, N, Onaka, T, Parsons, H, Pattle, K, Peretto, N, Pyo, T-S, Qian, L, Rao, R, Rawlings, MG, Retter, B, Richer, J, Rigby, A, Robitaille, J-F, Saito, H, Savini, G, Scaife, AMM, Seta, M, Shinnaga, H, Soam, A, Tamura, M, Tang, Y-W, Tomisaka, K, Tsukamoto, Y, Wang, H, Wang, J-W, Whitworth, AP, Yen, H-W, Yoo, H, Yuan, J, Zenko, T, Zhang, C-P, Zhang, G, Zhou, J, Zhu, L, and The BISTRO Collaboration

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, INFRARED POLARIMETRY, RADIATIVE TORQUES, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, F500, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Lambda, 01 natural sciences, ISM: clouds, MOLECULAR, 0103 physical sciences, POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS, SCUBA-2, GOULD BELT SURVEY, ISM: individual objects (Barnard 1), individual objects (Barnard 1) [ISM], ISM [submillimeter], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, LINEAR-POLARIZATION, polarization, stars: formation, formation [stars], Magnetic energy, Linear polarization, Molecular cloud, F510, CLOUDS, magnetic fields [ISM], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, H2O MASERS, Magnetic field, ALIGNMENT, Amplitude, Physics and Astronomy, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), submillimeter: ISM, ISM: magnetic fields, INTERSTELLAR GRAINS, clouds [ISM]
Abstract

著者人数: The B-fields In STar-forming Regions Observations (BISTRO) Collaboration 121名 (所属. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS): 權, 靜美), Number of authors: The B-fields In STar-forming Regions Observations (BISTRO) Collaboration 121 (Affiliation. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS): Kwon, Jungmi), Accepted: 2019-04-18, 資料番号: SA1190042000

Published
2019

31. A collaborative change detection approach on multi-sensor spatial imagery for desertwetland monitoring after a flash flood in Southern Morocco

Author

Hakdaoui, S, Emran, A, Pradhan, B, Lee, CW, and Fils, SCN

Subjects
ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION
Abstract

© 2019 by the authors. This study aims to present a technique that combines multi-sensor spatial data to monitor wetland areas after a flash-flood event in a Saharan arid region. To extract the most efficient information, seven satellite images (radar and optical) taken before and after the event were used. To achieve the objectives, this study used Sentinel-1 data to discriminate water body and soil roughness, and optical data to monitor the soil moisture after the event. The proposed method combines two approaches: one based on spectral processing, and the other based on categorical processing. The first step was to extract four spectral indices and utilize change vector analysis on multispectral diachronic images from three MSI Sentinel-2 images and two Landsat-8 OLI images acquired before and after the event. The second step was performed using pattern classification techniques, namely, linear classifiers based on support vector machines (SVM) with Gaussian kernels. The results of these two approaches were fused to generate a collaborative wetland change map. The application of co-registration and supervised classification based on textural and intensity information from Radar Sentinel-1 images taken before and after the event completes this work. The results obtained demonstrate the importance of the complementarity of multi-sensor images and a multi-approach methodology to better monitor changes to a wetland area after a flash-flood disaster.

Published
2019

32. Assessment of landslide susceptibility using statistical- and artificial intelligence-based FR-RF integrated model and multiresolution DEMs

Author

Arabameri, A, Pradhan, B, Rezaei, K, Lee, CW, Arabameri, A, Pradhan, B, Rezaei, K, and Lee, CW

Abstract

© 2019 by the authors. Landslide is one of the most important geomorphological hazards that cause significant ecological and economic losses and results in billions of dollars in financial losses and thousands of casualties per year. The occurrence of landslide in northern Iran (Alborz Mountain Belt) is often due to the geological and climatic conditions and tectonic and human activities. To reduce or control the damage caused by landslides, landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) and landslide risk assessment are necessary. In this study, the efficiency and integration of frequency ratio (FR) and random forest (RF) in statistical- and artificial intelligence-based models and different digital elevation models (DEMs) with various spatial resolutions were assessed in the field of LSM. The experiment was performed in Sangtarashan watershed, Mazandran Province, Iran. The study area, which extends to 1072.28 km2, is severely affected by landslides, which cause severe economic and ecological losses. An inventory of 129 landslides that occurred in the study area was prepared using various resources, such as historical landslide records, the interpretation of aerial photos and Google Earth images, and extensive field surveys. The inventory was split into training and test sets, which include 70 and 30% of the landslide locations, respectively. Subsequently, 15 topographic, hydrologic, geologic, and environmental landslide conditioning factors were selected as predictor variables of landslide occurrence on the basis of literature review, field works and multicollinearity analysis. Phased array type L-band synthetic aperture radar (PALSAR), ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer), and SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) DEMs were used to extract topographic and hydrologic attributes. The RF model showed that land use/land cover (16.95), normalised difference vegetation index (16.44), distance to road (15.32) and elevation (13.6) were the mos

Published
2019

33. Modeling of CO emissions from traffic vehicles using artificial neural networks

Author

Azeez, OS, Pradhan, B, Shafri, HZM, Shukla, N, Lee, CW, Rizeei, HM, Azeez, OS, Pradhan, B, Shafri, HZM, Shukla, N, Lee, CW, and Rizeei, HM

Abstract

© 2019 by the authors. Traffic emissions are considered one of the leading causes of environmental impact in megacities and their dangerous effects on human health. This paper presents a hybrid model based on data mining and GIS models designed to predict vehicular Carbon Monoxide (CO) emitted from traffic on the New Klang Valley Expressway, Malaysia. The hybrid model was developed based on the integration of GIS and the optimized Artificial Neural Network algorithm that combined with the Correlation based Feature Selection (CFS) algorithm to predict the daily vehicular CO emissions and generate prediction maps at a microscale level in a small urban area by using a field survey and open source data, which are the main contributions to this paper. The other contribution is related to the case study, which represents the spatial and quantitative variations in the vehicular CO emissions between toll plaza areas and road networks. The proposed hybrid model consists of three steps: the first step is the implementation of the correlation-based Feature Selection model to select the best model's predictors; the second step is the prediction of vehicular CO by using a multilayer perceptron neural network model; and the third step is the creation of micro scale prediction maps. The model was developed using six traffic CO predictors: number of vehicles, number of heavy vehicles, number of motorbikes, temperature, wind speed and a digital surface model. The network architecture and its hyperparameters were optimized through a grid search approach. The traffic CO concentrations were observed at 15-min intervals on weekends and weekdays, four times per day. The results showed that the developed model had achieved validation accuracy of 80.6 %. Overall, the developed models are found to be promising tools for vehicular CO simulations in highly congested areas.

Published
2019

34. Evaluating citizen satisfaction and prioritizing their needs based on citizens' complaint data

Author

Ghodousi, M, Alesheikh, AA, Saeidian, B, Pradhan, B, Lee, CW, Ghodousi, M, Alesheikh, AA, Saeidian, B, Pradhan, B, and Lee, CW

Abstract

© 2019 by the authors. Citizen Relationship Management (CiRM) is one of the important matters in citizen-centric e-government. In fact, the most important purpose of e-government is to satisfy citizens. The '137 system' is one of the most important ones based on the citizen-centric that is a municipality phone based request/response system. The aim of this research is a data-mining of a '137 system' (citizens' complaint system) of the first district of Bojnourd municipality in Iran, to prioritize the urban needs and to estimate citizens' satisfaction. To reach this, the K-means and Bees Algorithms (BA) were used. Each of these two algorithms was executed using two different methods. In the first method, prioritization and estimation of satisfaction were done separately, whereas in the second method, prioritization and estimation of satisfaction were done simultaneously. To compare the clustering results in the two methods, an index was presented quantitatively. The results showed the superiority of the second method. The index of the second method for the first needs in K-means was 0.299 more than the first method and it was the same in two methods in BA. Also, the results of the BA clustering were better at it because of the S (silhouette) and CH (Calinski-Harabasz) indexes. Considering the final prioritization done by the two algorithms in two methods, the primary needs included asphalt, so specific schemes should be considered.

Published
2019

35. Comparison of different algorithms to map hydrothermal alteration zones using ASTER remote sensing data for polymetallic Vein-Type ore exploration: Toroud-Chahshirin Magmatic Belt (TCMB), north Iran

Author

Noori, L, Pour, AB, Askari, G, Taghipour, N, Pradhan, B, Lee, CW, Honarmand, M, Noori, L, Pour, AB, Askari, G, Taghipour, N, Pradhan, B, Lee, CW, and Honarmand, M

Abstract

© 2019 by the authors. Polymetallic vein-type ores are important sources of precious metal and a principal type of orebody for various base-metals. In this research, Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) remote sensing data were used for mapping hydrothermal alteration zones associated with epithermal polymetallic vein-type mineralization in the Toroud-Chahshirin Magmatic Belt (TCMB), North of Iran. The TCMB is the largest known goldfield and base metals province in the central-north of Iran. Propylitic, phyllic, argillic, and advanced argillic alteration and silicification zones are typically associated with Au-Cu, Ag, and/or Pb-Zn mineralization in the TCMB. Specialized image processing techniques, namely Selective Principal Component Analysis (SPCA), Band Ratio Matrix Transformation (BRMT), Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) and Mixture Tuned Matched Filtering (MTMF) were implemented and compared to map hydrothermal alteration minerals at the pixel and sub-pixel levels. Subtle differences between altered and non-altered rocks and hydrothermal alteration mineral assemblages were detected and mapped in the study area. The SPCA and BRMT spectral transformation algorithms discriminated the propylitic, phyllic, argillic and advanced argillic alteration and silicification zones as well as lithological units. The SAM and MTMF spectral mapping algorithms detected spectrally dominated mineral groups such as muscovite/montmorillonite/illite, hematite/jarosite, and chlorite/epidote/calcite mineral assemblages, systematically. Comprehensive fieldwork and laboratory analysis, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), petrographic study, and spectroscopy were conducted in the study area for verifying the remote sensing outputs. Results indicate several high potential zones of epithermal polymetallic vein-type mineralization in the northeastern and southwestern parts of the study area, which can be considered for future systematic exploration programs. The ap

Published
2019

36. Reversible Mn2+/Mn4+double redox in lithium-excess cathode materials

Author

Lee, J, Kitchaev, DA, Kwon, DH, Lee, CW, Papp, JK, Liu, YS, Lun, Z, Clément, RJ, Shi, T, McCloskey, BD, Guo, J, Balasubramanian, M, and Ceder, G

Abstract

© 2018 Macmillan Publishers Ltd., part of Springer Nature. There is an urgent need for low-cost, resource-friendly, high-energy-density cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries to satisfy the rapidly increasing need for electrical energy storage. To replace the nickel and cobalt, which are limited resources and are associated with safety problems, in current lithium-ion batteries, high-capacity cathodes based on manganese would be particularly desirable owing to the low cost and high abundance of the metal, and the intrinsic stability of the Mn4+oxidation state. Here we present a strategy of combining high-valent cations and the partial substitution of fluorine for oxygen in a disordered-rocksalt structure to incorporate the reversible Mn2+/Mn4+double redox couple into lithium-excess cathode materials. The lithium-rich cathodes thus produced have high capacity and energy density. The use of the Mn2+/Mn4+redox reduces oxygen redox activity, thereby stabilizing the materials, and opens up new opportunities for the design of high-performance manganese-rich cathodes for advanced lithium-ion batteries.

Published
2018

37. Incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Korea based on the 2011 ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT statement

Author

Won-Il Choi, Juarda Gjonbrataj, Byung Hak Rho, Lee Jj, Lee Cw, and Young Eun Bahn

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Biopsy, Lung biopsy, Young Adult, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Fibrosis, Internal medicine, Republic of Korea, medicine, Humans, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Interstitial lung disease, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, respiratory system, medicine.disease, Health Surveys, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, respiratory tract diseases, body regions, Infectious Diseases, Bronchoalveolar lavage, Female, Radiology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
Abstract

Objective To estimate the annual incidence rate of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in Korea. Design A retrospective cohort design using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) database spanned the period from January 2008 to December 2012. Patients with ILD and IPF were identified based on the International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD-10) diagnosis and procedure codes. Definition 1 is code J84 (ILD); Definition 2 is code J84 plus high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) or lung biopsy; Definition 3 is code J84.1 (ILD with fibrosis); Definition 4 is code J84.1 and HRCT, BAL or lung biopsy; and Definition 5 is code J84.1A (IPF), and was specifically implemented for IPF. Results The incidence rates of ILD per 100,000 population based on Definitions 1-5 were respectively 48.5, 32.2, 16.2, 11.4 and 1.7. Conclusion The incidence of ILD with fibrosis was approximately 23% of overall ILD incidence. IPF incidence was approximately 10% of the incidence of ILD with fibrosis. Based on the new ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT statement published in 2011, the incidence rate of IPF was 1.7/100,000.

Published
2015

38. First Results from BISTRO: A SCUBA-2 Polarimeter Survey of the Gould Belt

Author

Ward-Thompson, D, Pattle, K, Bastien, P, Furuya, RS, Kwon, W, Lai, SP, Qiu, K, Berry, D, Choi, M, Coudé, S, Francesco, JD, Hoang, T, Franzmann, E, Friberg, P, Graves, SF, Greaves, JS, Houde, M, Johnstone, D, Kirk, JM, Koch, PM, Kwon, J, Lee, CW, Li, D, Matthews, BC, Mottram, JC, Parsons, H, Pon, A, Rao, R, Rawlings, M, Shinnaga, H, Sadavoy, S, Loo, SV, Aso, Y, Byun, DY, Eswaraiah, C, Chen, HR, Chen, MCY, Chen, WP, Ching, TC, Cho, J, Chrysostomou, A, Chung, EJ, Doi, Y, Drabek-Maunder, E, Eyres, SPS, Fiege, J, Friesen, RK, Fuller, G, Gledhill, T, Griffin, MJ, Gu, Q, Hasegawa, T, Hatchell, J, Hayashi, SS, Holland, W, Inoue, T, Inutsuka, SI, Iwasaki, K, Jeong, IG, Kang, JH, Kang, M, Kang, SJ, Kawabata, KS, Kemper, F, Kim, G, Kim, J, Kim, KT, Kim, KH, Kim, MR, Kim, S, Lacaille, KM, Lee, JE, Lee, SS, Li, HB, Liu, HL, Liu, J, Liu, SY, Liu, T, Lyo, AR, Mairs, S, Matsumura, M, Moriarty-Schieven, GH, Nakamura, F, Nakanishi, H, Ohashi, N, Onaka, T, Peretto, N, Pyo, TS, Qian, L, Retter, B, Richer, J, Rigby, A, Robitaille, JF, Savini, G, Scaife, AMM, Soam, A, Tamura, M, Tang, YW, Tomisaka, K, Richer, John [0000-0002-9693-6860], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
polarization, stars: formation, stars: magnetic field, submillimeter: ISM, ISM: individual objects (Orion A OMC1)
Abstract

We present the first results from the B-fields In STar-forming Region Observations (BISTRO) survey, using the Sub-millimetre Common-User Bolometer Array 2 camera, with its associated polarimeter (POL-2), on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope in Hawaii. We discuss the survey's aims and objectives. We describe the rationale behind the survey, and the questions that the survey will aim to answer. The most important of these is the role of magnetic fields in the star formation process on the scale of individual filaments and cores in dense regions. We describe the data acquisition and reduction processes for POL-2, demonstrating both repeatability and consistency with previous data. We present a first-look analysis of the first results from the BISTRO survey in the OMC 1 region. We see that the magnetic field lies approximately perpendicular to the famous "integral filament" in the densest regions of that filament. Furthermore, we see an "hourglass" magnetic field morphology extending beyond the densest region of the integral filament into the less-dense surrounding material, and discuss possible causes for this. We also discuss the more complex morphology seen along the Orion Bar region. We examine the morphology of the field along the lower-density northeastern filament. We find consistency with previous theoretical models that predict magnetic fields lying parallel to low-density, non-self-gravitating filaments, and perpendicular to higher-density, self-gravitating filaments., Includes Horizon 2020 and STFC.

Published
2017

39. Cardiovascular Efficacy and Safety of Bococizumab in High-Risk Patients

Author

Ridker, P. M., Revkin, J., Amarenco, P., Brunell, R., Civeira, F., Flather, M., Glynn, R. J., Gregoire, J., Jukema, J. W., Karpov, Y., Kastelein, J. J. P., Koenig, W., Lorenzatti, A., Manga, P., Masiukiewicz, U., Miller, M., Mosterd, A., Murin, J., Nicolau, J. C., Nissen, S., Ponikowski, P., Santos, R. D., Schwartz, P. F., Soran, H., White, H., Wright, R. S., Vrablik, M., Yunis, C., Shear, C. L., Tardif, Conde D, J. -C., Colquhoun, D, Missault, L, Grégoire, J, Gao, R, Urina, M, Solar, M, Jensen, Hk, Grobbee, D, Savolainen, M, Schiele, Fn, Montalescot, G, Edes, I, Blake, G, Lotan, C, Maggioni, A, Savonitto, S, Lee, Cw, Leiva Pons JL, Dan, Ga, Cortada, Jb, Mellbin, L, Kahan, T, Noble, S, Hwang, Jj, Sritara, P, Tökgozoğlu, L, Tarasenko, L, Borer, Js, Black, H, Carmena, R, Furie, Kl, Mcmurray, J, Neaton, J, Zannad, F, O’Neill, B, Welty, F, Mcnamara, R, Chun, H, Abbott, Jd, Jacoby, D, Mcpherson, C, Jadbabaie, F, Pinto, D, Mccullough, L, Silverman, Ie, Sansing, Lh, Dearborn-Tomazos, J, Foody, J, Schindler, J, Piazza, G, Chakrabarti, A, Pride, Y, Gelfand, E, Baultrukonis, D, Chaudhuri, S, Frederich, R, Johnson, M, Mridha, K, Powell, C, Wang, E, Wei, C, Anderson, P, Buonanno, M, Epsley, C, Evans, B, Frolova, M, Goetsch, M, Hessinger, D, Ikehara, E, Ivanac, K, Kizko, J, Le, K, McNally-Dufort, C, Morocco, T, Nadkarni, S, Nissen, T, Nye, R, Pak, R, Pence, D, Redifer, P, Schwartz, W, Sattler, C, Schade, R, Sullivan, B, Wegner, J, Alvarez, Ca, Budassi, N, Vogel, Dr, Avaca, H, Conde, Dg, Estol, Cc, Gelersztein, E, Glenny, Ja, Hershson, Ar, Bruno, Rl, Maffei, Le, Soler, Jm, Zaidman, Cj, Carnero, Gs, Colombo, Hr, Jure, Ho, Luquez, Ha, Ramos, Hr, Resk, Jh, Rusculleda, Mm, Ulla, Mr, Caccavo, A, Farias, Ef, Wenetz, Lm, Cabella, Pr, Cuadrado, Ja, Chahin, M, Mackinnon, Ij, Zarandon, Rb, Schmidberg, J, Fernandez, Aa, Montana, O, Codutti, Or, Gorosito, Vm, Maldonado, N, Sala, J, De La Fuente RA, Casabella, Te, Di Gennaro JP, Guerrero, Ra, Alvarez, Ms, Berli, M, Botta, Ce, Montenegro, Ee, Vico, Ml, Begg, A, Lehman, R, Gilfillan, Cp, D'Emden, M, Markovic, Tp, Sullivan, D, Aroney, C, Stranks, Sn, Crimmins, Ds, Arstall, M, Van Gaal, W, Davis, T, Aylward, Pe, Amerena, J, William, M, Proietto, J, Purnell, Pw, Singh, B, Arya, Kw, Dart, Am, Thompson, P, Davis, Sm, Carroll, Pa, De Looze, F, Jayasinghe, R, Bhindi, R, Buysschaert, I, Sarens, T, van de Borne, P, Scott, Bp, Roosen, J, Cools, F, Missault, Lh, Debroye, C, Schoors, Df, Hollanders, G, Schroe, Hh, De Sutter, J, Hermans, K, Carlier, M, van Landegem, P, Verwerft, J, Mulleners, T, Delforge, Md, Soufflet, V, Elegeert, I, Descamps, Os, Janssens, S, Lemmens, Rc, Desfontaines, P, Scheen, A, Heijmans, S, Capiau, L, Vervoort, G, Carlier, Sg, Faes, D, Alzand, B, Keuleers, S, De Wolf, L, Thoeng, J, De Bruyne, L, de Santos MO, Felicio, Js, Areas, Ca, Figueiredo, El, Michalaros, Yl, Neuenschwander, Fc, Reis, G, Saad, Ja, Kormann, Ap, Nascimento, Cv, Precoma, Db, Abib, E Jr, dos Santos FR, Mello, Yg, Saraiva, Jf, Rech, Rl, Cerci, R, Fortes, Ja, Rossi, Pr, de Lima, e Silva FA, Hissa, M, Silva, Rp, de Souza WK, Guimarães Filho FV, Mangili, Oc, de Oliveira Paiva MS, Tumelero, R, Abrantes, Ja, Caramori, Pr, Dutra, Op, Leaes, Pe, Manenti, Er, Polanczyk, Ca, Bandeira, e Farias FA, de Moraes Junior JB, Russo, La, Alves AR Jr, Dracoulakis, Md, Ritt, Le, Saporito, Wf, Herdy, Ah, Maia, Ln, Sternieri, Mv, Ayoub, Jc, Bianco, Ht, da Costa FA, Eliaschewitz, Fg, Fonseca, Fa, Nakandakare, Er, Bonansea, Tc, Castro, Nm, de Barros, e Silva PG, Smith, P, Botelho, Rv, Resende, Es, Barbieri, Ds, Hernandes, Me, Bajaj, H, Beaudry, P, Berlingieri, Jc, Salter, Tj, Ajala, B, Anderson, Tj, Nanji, A, Ross, S, Pandey, S, Desrosiers, D, Gaudet, D, Moran, G, Csanadi, Ma, St-Amour, E, Cusimano, S, Halperin, Fa, Babapulle, M, Vizel, S, Petrella, J, Spence, Jd, Gupta, N, Tellier, G, Bourgeois, R, Gregóire, Jc, Wesson, T, Zadra, R, Twum-Barima, Dy, Cha, Jy, Hartleib, Mc, Bergeron, J, Chouinard, G, Mcpherson, Tp, Searles, G, Peterson, Sr, Mukherjee, A, Lepage, S, Conway, Jr, Kouz, Sm, Dion, D, Pesant, Y, Cheung, Ss, Goldenberg, Rm, Aronson, R, Gupta, Ak, O’Mahoney, M, Pliamm, L, Teitelbaum, I, Hoag, Gn, Nadra, Ij, Yared, Z, Yao, Lc, Nguyen, T, Saunders, Kk, Potthoff, S, Varleta, P, Assef, V, Godoy, Jg, Olivares, C, Roman, O, Vejar, M, Montecinos, H, Pincetti, C, Li, Y, Wang, D, Li, J, Yang, X, Du, Y, Wang, G, Yang, P, Zhang, X, Xu, P, 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Chilka, S, Felten, Wr, Hartman, An, Shayani, Ss, Duprez, D, Knickelbine, T, Chambers, Jd, Cone, Cl, Broughton, R, Napoli, Mc, Seaton, Bl, Smith, Sk, Reedy, Ma, Kesani, Mk, Nicol, Pr, Stringam, So, Talano, Jv, Barnum, O, Desai, V, Montero, M, Jacks, Rk, Kostis, Jb, Owen, Jg, Makam, Sk, Grosman, I, Underberg, Ja, Masri, Be, Peters, Ss, Serje, J, Lenhard, Mj, Glover, R, Paraboschi, Cf, Lim, Eh, Connery, L, Kipgen, W, Bravo, P, Digiovanna, Mj, Tayoum, H, Gabriel, Jd, Ariani, Mk, Robinson, Mf, Clemens, Pc, Corder, Cn, Schifferdecker, B, Tahirkheli, Nk, Hurling, Rt, Rendell, Ms, Shivaswamy, V, Madu, Ij, Dahl, Cf, Ayesu, K, Kim, C, Barettella, Mb, Jamidar, Ha, Bloom, Sa, Vora, Kn, Ong, St, Aggarwala, G, Sack, G, Blaze, K, Krichmar, P, Murcia, A, Teltser, M, Villaman-Bencosme, Y, Fahdi, Ie, Williams, Dg, Lain, El, Garcia, Hl, Karim, Sn, Francyk, Dm, Gordon, Mb, Palchick, Ba, Mckenzie, Me, Gimness, Mp, Greiff, J, Ruiz-R, L, Vazquez-Tanus, Jb, Schlager, D, Connelly, T, Soroka, E, Hastings, Wl, O’Dea, Dj, Purdy, Da, Jackson, B, Arcanese, Ml, Strain, Je, Schmedtje JF Jr, Jrdavis, Mg, A, A, Prasada, S, Scott, Dl, Vukotic, G, Akhtar, N, Larsen, Dc, Rhudy, Jm, Zebrack, Js, Bailey, Sr, Grant, Dc, Mora, A, Perez, Ja, Reyes, Rg, Sutton, Jc, Brandon, Dm, First, Bp, Risser, Ja, Claudio, J, Figueroa-Cruz, Wl, Sosa-Padilla, Ma, Tan, Ae, Traboulssi, Ma, Morcos, Nc, Glaser, La, Bredlau, Ce, El Shahawy, M, Ramos, Mj, Kandath, Dd, Kaluski, E, Akright, L, Rictor, Kw, Pluto, Tm, Hermany, Pr, Bellingar, B, Clark, Gb, Herrod, Jn, Goisse, M, Hook, M, Barrington, P, Lentz, Jd, Singal, Dk, Gleason, Gp, Lipetz, Rs, Schuchard, Tn, Bonner, Jh, Forgosh, Lb, Lefebvre, Gc, Pierpoint, Be, Radin, Dm, Stoller, Sr, Segall, N, Shah, Sa, Ramstad, Ds, Nisnisan, Jm, Trippett, Jm, Benjamin, Sa, Labissiere, Jc, Nashed, An, Maaieh, M, Aslam, Aa, Mandviwala, M, Budoff, Mj, French, Wj, Vlach, Jj, Destefano, P, Bayron, Cj, Fraser, Nj, Sandberg, Jh, Fagan, Tc, Peart, Bc, Suryanarayana, Pg, Gupta, Dk, Lee, Mw, Bertolet, Bd, Hartley, Pa, Kelberman, M, Behmanesh, B, Buynak, Rj, Chochinov, Rh, Steinberg, Aa, Chandna, H, Bjasker, Kr, Perlman, Rl, Ball, Em, Pock, J, Singh, S, Baldari, D, Kaster, S, Lovell, Jp, Horowitz, Bs, Gorman, Ta, Pham, Dn, Landzberg, Js, Mootoo, Ki, Moon, E, Krawczyk, J, Alfieri, Ad, Janik, Mj, Herrington, Dm, Koilpillai, Rn, Waxler, Ar, Hoffman, Da, Sahul, Zh, Gumbiner, B, Cropp, A, Fujita, K, Garzone, P, Imai, K, Levisetti, M, Plowchalk, D, Sasson, S, Skaggs, J, Sweeney, K, Vincent, J., Curto, M, Ridker, P., Revkin, J., Amarenco, P., Brunell, R., Curto, M., Civeira, F., Flather, M., Glynn, R., Gregoire, J., Jukema, J., Karpov, Y., Kastelein, J., Koenig, W., Lorenzatti, A., Manga, P., Masiukiewicz, U., Miller, M., Mosterd, A., Murin, J., Nicolau, J., Nissen, S., Ponikowski, P., Santos, R., Schwartz, P., Soran, H., White, H., Wright, R., Vrablik, M., Yunis, C., Shear, C., Tardif, J., SPIRE Cardiovascular Outcome Investigators, Averna, M., Brigham and Women's Hospital [Boston], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), RS: CARIM - R3.02 - Hypertension and target organ damage, MUMC+: MA Alg Interne Geneeskunde (9), Interne Geneeskunde, Ridker, P. M., Glynn, R. J., Jukema, J. W., Kastelein, J. J. P., Nicolau, J. C., Santos, R. D., Schwartz, P. F., Wright, R. S., Shear, C. L., Tardif, J. -C., SPIRE Cardiovascular Outcome Investigator, Perrone, Filardi, P, Vascular Medicine, ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, and ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes

Subjects
Male, STATIN THERAPY, Anticholesteremic Agents/adverse effects, Antibodie, Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 16], Injections, Subcutaneous/adverse effects, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Bococizumab, law.invention, PCSK9, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Risk Factors, GENETIC-VARIANTS, Cardiovascular Disease, Monoclonal, Anticholesteremic Agent, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, Treatment Failure, Humanized, Proprotein Convertase 9/antagonists & inhibitors, Medicine(all), Antibodies, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Anticholesteremic Agents, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, LDL, Double-Blind Method, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Injections, Subcutaneous, Lipids, Middle Aged, Proprotein Convertase 9, Medicine (all), PCSK9 Inhibitors, antibodies monoclonal humanized, anticholesteremic agents, cardiovascular diseases, cholesterol, LDL, double-blind method, female, follow-up studies, humans, hypercholesterolemia, injections, subcutaneous, lipids, male, middle aged, proprotein convertase 9, risk factors, treatment failure, medicine (all), Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 16], General Medicine, Lipid, 3. Good health, LDL/blood, Multicenter Study, Cholesterol, TRIALS, Cholesterol, LDL/blood, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects, Randomized Controlled Trial, subcutaneous, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control, REDUCING LIPIDS, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, animal structures, Hypercholesterolemia/drug therapy, Placebo, Injections, Subcutaneou, LDL, Injections, Follow-Up Studie, EVENTS, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Journal Article, Comparative Study, METAANALYSIS, Alirocumab, business.industry, Unstable angina, Lipids/blood, Risk Factor, fungi, Antibodies/blood, ta3121, medicine.disease, Surgery, Evolocumab, REDUCTION, Humanized/adverse effects, Subcutaneous/adverse effects, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext BACKGROUND: Bococizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that inhibits proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and reduces levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. We sought to evaluate the efficacy of bococizumab in patients at high cardiovascular risk. METHODS: In two parallel, multinational trials with different entry criteria for LDL cholesterol levels, we randomly assigned the 27,438 patients in the combined trials to receive bococizumab (at a dose of 150 mg) subcutaneously every 2 weeks or placebo. The primary end point was nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina requiring urgent revascularization, or cardiovascular death; 93% of the patients were receiving statin therapy at baseline. The trials were stopped early after the sponsor elected to discontinue the development of bococizumab owing in part to the development of high rates of antidrug antibodies, as seen in data from other studies in the program. The median follow-up was 10 months. RESULTS: At 14 weeks, patients in the combined trials had a mean change from baseline in LDL cholesterol levels of -56.0% in the bococizumab group and +2.9% in the placebo group, for a between-group difference of -59.0 percentage points (P/=70 mg per deciliter [1.8 mmol per liter] and the median follow-up was 7 months), major cardiovascular events occurred in 173 patients each in the bococizumab group and the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 1.22; P=0.94). In the higher-risk, longer-duration trial (in which the patients had a baseline LDL cholesterol level of >/=100 mg per deciliter [2.6 mmol per liter] and the median follow-up was 12 months), major cardiovascular events occurred in 179 and 224 patients, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.97; P=0.02). The hazard ratio for the primary end point in the combined trials was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.76 to 1.02; P=0.08). Injection-site reactions were more common in the bococizumab group than in the placebo group (10.4% vs. 1.3%, P

Published
2017

41. Channel electrode voltammetric and in situ electrochemical ESR studies of comproportionation of methyl viologen in acetonitrile

Author

Lee, CW, Eklund, JC, Dryfe, RAW, and Compton, RG

Abstract

Two redox processes of methyl viologen (+2/+, +/0) in acetonitrile were investigated by using channel electrode voltammetric and in situ electrochemical ESR methods. Two separated unequal plateau currents of the first (+2/+) and second (+/0) redox processes of the viologen were observed in the channel electrode voltammograms and showed a cube-root depedndence on the electrolyte flow rate, respectively. The simple Levich analysis resulted in two different diffusion coefficients of D+2=2.2×10-5 cm2/s and D+=3.0×10-5 cm2/Vs from the limiting currents. In situ electrochemical ESR studies were performed for the monocation radicals generated at the potentials of the two plateau currents in the electrolyte flow range 1.3×10-1≥ vf ≥:2.7×10-3 cm3/s. Backward implicit finite difference method was employed to simulate the electrochemical kinetic problem of two sequential electron transfers (MV+2+e → ← MV+, MV++e ⇄MV0) coupled with reversible comproportionation (MV2+ + MV0kf→ ← kb2MV+). kf was found to be greater than 106 M-1 s-1.

Published
2016

43. Individual Long-Term Mortality Prediction Following Either Coronary Stenting or Bypass Surgery in Patients With Multivessel and/or Unprotected Left Main Disease: An External Validation of the SYNTAX Score II Model in the 1,480 Patients of the BEST and PRECOMBAT Randomized Controlled Trials

Author

Sotomi, Y, Cavalcante e Silva, Rafael, van Klaveren, David, Ahn, J M, Lee, CW, de Winter, RJ, Wykrzykowska, JJ, Onuma, Yoshinobu, Steyerberg, Ewout, Park, SJ, Serruys, PWJC, Graduate School, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, Cardiology, and Public Health

Subjects
cardiovascular diseases
Abstract

The study sought to validate the SYNTAX (Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) score II mortality prediction model after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting in a large pooled population of patients with multivessel coronary disease (MVD) and/or unprotected left main disease (UPLMD) enrolled in the PRECOMBAT (Bypass Surgery Versus Angioplasty Using Sirolimus-Eluting Stent in Patients With Left Main Coronary Artery Disease) and BEST (Artery Bypass Surgery and Everolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation in the Treatment of Patients with Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease) randomized controlled trials. For patients with MVD and/or UPLMD, the choice of the best revascularization strategy remains challenging. Pooled individual patient-level data from PRECOMBAT and BEST were used to assess calibration and discrimination of the SYNTAX score II prediction model for all-cause mortality after PCI and coronary artery bypass grafting at 4-year follow-up. The study population comprised 1,480 patients (600 with UPLMD, 880 with MVD). The overall incidence of all-cause mortality was 6.1% after a median follow-up period of 4.9 years. Validation plots showed good model calibration overall and across treatment groups but tended to overestimate all-cause mortality in the highest risk quintiles of patients in the whole population and the PCI arm. The SYNTAX score II showed moderate discrimination ability for the whole population (C index = 0.685) but better for patients receiving PCI than CABG (C index = 0.718 vs. 0.662 in patients with UPLMD, C index = 0.700 vs. 0.661 in those with MVD). Observed all-cause mortality was higher when the treatment received was at variance with that recommended by the model and similar when it was concordant. The SYNTAX score II has good calibration but only moderate discrimination ability for long-term mortality prediction in this randomized population. This score provides an important tool to help guide the heart team's decision-making process regarding the selection of the best revascularization strategy for patients with MVD and/or UPLMD. (Bypass Surgery Versus Angioplasty Using Sirolimus-Eluting Stent in Patients With Left Main Coronary Artery Disease, NCT00422968; Bypass Surgery Versus Everolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation for Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease, NCT00997828)

Published
2016

48. Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) enhances hemodynamic stability decreasing analgesic requirements in surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRFs).

Author

Liao CA, Chen YJ, Shen SJ, Wang QA, Chen SA, Liao CH, Lin JR, Lee CW, and Tsai HI

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, Retrospective Studies, Middle Aged, Adult, Pain, Postoperative drug therapy, Pain, Postoperative prevention & control, Aged, Paraspinal Muscles, Analgesics, Opioid therapeutic use, Analgesics, Opioid administration & dosage, Analgesics therapeutic use, Rib Fractures surgery, Nerve Block methods, Hemodynamics drug effects, Hemodynamics physiology
Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) on intraoperative hemodynamic stability, opioid and inhalation anesthetic requirements and postoperative analgesic effects in patients undergoing surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRFs)., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 173 patients who underwent surgical stabilization of rib fractures between May 2020 and December 2023. The patients were allocated into the ESPB group or the control group. Demographic data, intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, total intraoperative opioid consumption, the average minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of inhalational anesthetics, postoperative simple analgesics and opioid consumption and the length of hospital stay were included in the analysis., Results: Compared with the control group, the ESPB group had a lower heart rate (HR) in the first 90 min after surgical incision and lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at the beginning of surgery. Intraoperatively, a notable reduction in fentanyl consumption was observed in the ESPB group (p = 0.004), whereas no significant difference was observed in the average MAC of inhalational agents (p = 0.073). Postoperatively, the ESPB group required fewer doses of simple analgesics in the first 24 h (p < 0.001) and 48 h (p = 0.029). No statistically significant difference in the length of hospital stay (p = 0.608) was observed between the groups., Conclusion: ESPB was shown to enhance intraoperative hemodynamic stability, reduce opioid consumption and decrease postoperative analgesic consumption in patients who underwent SSRF. These results suggest that ESPB may serve as a valuable component of multimodal analgesia protocols for SSRF. Larger prospective studies are warranted to confirm the results and evaluate long-term outcomes., Competing Interests: Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH IRB 202401596B0) and was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Helsinki declaration. As a result of the retrospective nature of the study, the need to obtain written informed consent was waived. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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49. Rapid detection of ingested acetaminophen on face mask by ambient ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

Author

Huang TL, Su H, Chen JC, Kuo SY, Hou CY, Shih SY, Chu KA, Ponnusamy VK, Lee CW, and Shiea J

Subjects
Humans, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization methods, Analgesics, Non-Narcotic analysis, Analgesics, Non-Narcotic blood, Acetaminophen analysis, Acetaminophen blood, Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods, Masks
Abstract

Background: A regular face mask is comprised of three layers for resisting moisture, filtration, and absorbing oral fluid, respectively. Since the polymers with different polarities are used to make the layers, a face mask can be used as a sampling tool to retain polar or non-polar chemical and biochemical substances in the exhaled breath. In this study, thermal desorption-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (TD-ESI/MS/MS), an ambient ionization mass spectrometric technique, was used to detect trace acetaminophen that were exhaled and retained on the surface of different layers in a face mask., Results: With probe sampling combined with TD-ESI/MS/MS, the acetaminophen ion signal can be detected at the mouth/nostril region of the face mask after taking the acetaminophen tablet. The experimental results were similar to previous studies for the detection of acetaminophen in blood over time using LC/MS/MS. In addition, the intensities of acetaminophen on different layers of the face mask could reveal the differing distributions of exhaled acetaminophen on each layer. To explore the distribution of acetaminophen on the face mask surface, multiple probes were used to collect samples from different locations of the face mask for analysis. The molecular mapping of acetaminophen on the face mask was rendered by scaling the analyte ion signal intensity based on a temperature color gradient. The cartography showed a higher acetaminophen ion signal distribution on the mouth and nostril regions than in other areas of the face mask., Significance: Owing to the advantages of a simple, sensitive, and non-invasive sampling approach, drug monitoring could be potentially performed to provide useful information for anti-drug of precision medicine in the future., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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50. Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Anti-inflammatory Effects of a Novel Thrombin-Derived Peptide in Sepsis Models: Insights into Underlying Mechanisms.

Author

Kumar SD, Lee JK, Radhakrishnan NK, Bang JK, Kim B, Chaudhary SC, Chelladurai A, Ganbaatar B, Kim EY, Lee CW, Yang S, Kim Y, and Shin SY

Subjects
Animals, Mice, RAW 264.7 Cells, Humans, Lipopolysaccharides pharmacology, Acinetobacter baumannii drug effects, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Gram-Negative Bacteria drug effects, Antimicrobial Peptides pharmacology, Antimicrobial Peptides chemistry, Antimicrobial Peptides chemical synthesis, Biofilms drug effects, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemical synthesis, Sepsis drug therapy, Thrombin metabolism, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Anti-Inflammatory Agents chemistry, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use
Abstract

We developed two short helical antimicrobial peptides, HVF18-a3 and its d-enantiomer, HVF18-a3-d, derived from the thrombin C-terminal peptide HVF18. These peptides exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against various bacteria by compromising both the outer and inner membranes, with low hemolytic activity. They are stable in the presence of physiological salts and human serum, exhibiting a low potential for developing drug resistance and excellent antibiofilm activity against Gram-negative bacteria. HVF18-a3-d also neutralized lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through direct binding interactions and suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines through the inflammatory signaling pathway mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS. Both pre- and post-treatment with HVF18-a3-d significantly protected mice against fatal septic shock induced by carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii . These findings suggest HVF18-a3 and HVF18-a3-d are promising candidates for developing antibiotics against Gram-negative sepsis.

Published
2024
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