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Background: Oral cancer (OC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. There have been few studies on OC in high-risk populations. This study aimed to describe the clinical features, staging, grading, and risk factors in OC patients., Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 109 OC patients diagnosed and treated from April 2018 to May 2020. The patients were identified using eData., Results: The average age of the patients was 60.32 ± 12.4 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 2.9:1. The most common site for OC was the tongue (37.6%), and oral squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histopathology (84.4%). The most common clinical forms were verruca (37.6%) and erosive ulcers (33.9%). Most patients were in stage III or IV (71.6%). Average time of detection was 7.32 ± 17.12 months., Conclusions: OC occurs most often in elderly people, males, and is diagnosed late. The main risk factors are smoking and consuming alcohol., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the research and publication of this article., (© The Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of treatment following coronectomy on mandibular third molars with inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) involvement., Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive analysis was done on the mandibular third molars of 37 people (≥ 18 years old, 28 males, and 9 females) who needed a coronectomy and had a confirmed diagnosis of IAN in groups I, II, and III according to the classification of Q. Luo 2018, as found by CBCT., Result: The most prevalent indication in panoramic photographs was an interruption of the canal sign's white line (45.9%). The coronectomy approach had a success rate of 100%. There were statistically significant differences in the degree of vertical and horizontal face swelling, as well as mouth opening, between the second and third postoperative days. No incidences of paresthesia were reported after surgery. The root migrated the most in the first 3 months following surgery, measuring 2.43 ± 1.08 mm. At 6 months following surgery, the root migrated by 2.95 ± 1.27 mm. At 9 months following surgery, the root migrated 3.04 ± 1.19 mm from its initial location., Conclusion: The risk of complications after a coronectomy seems to be inadequate, at least in the immediate aftermath of the operations. Coronectomy may be required for molars that are close to the IAN. Due to the roots often receding from the IAN, a second procedure to remove the remaining roots is typically performed with minimal risk of paresthesia., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThere are no declared conflicts of interest for the authors., (© The Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

Context: The mandibular canal (MC) is an essential landmark that should be considered before any surgeries. Therefore, accurately assessing the location and characteristics of the MC in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging is very important., Aims: To determine the characteristics of the MC in relation to adjacent anatomical structures in CBCT projections., Settings and Design: The convenience sampling method., Methods and Material: This was a retrospective study of 112 CBCT images of Vietnamese patients aged 18 to 69 years, taken for clinical indications between 2018 and 2023. The evaluation was carried out by comparing and arranging the anatomical structures of different planes in three-dimensional space to assess and measure relevant dimensions., Statistical Analysis Used: Independent samples T-test., Results: The average diameter of the MC from the apex of the second premolar to the distal apex of the second molar, if there were no missing teeth in this segment, was 2.58 ± 0.52 mm (right) and 2.55 ± 0.54 mm (left). If there were a missing tooth in this segment, the measurements were 2.51 ± 0.79 mm (right) and 2.47 ± 0.45 mm (left). The difference between the two sides regarding the presence or absence of a missing tooth was not statistically significant., Conclusions: The precise localization of the MC related to the tooth apex and the diameter of the MC can vary in each person. CBCT indications should be considered when establishing treatment planning to avoid damaging the inferior alveolar nerve in the MC., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Orthodontic Science.)

Introduction: One of the most difficult types of malocclusion to cure is Class III malocclusion. Maxillary protraction is a common component of orthodontic/surgical treatments for Class III individuals since maxillary retrognathia is the primary factor contributing to their condition. Objective: A Vietnamese girl of 16 years old presented with severe symptoms of anterior crossbite and Class III malocclusion of the skeletal and dental structures. Among the dental characteristics were a prognathic mandible, retrognathic maxilla, and proclined lower incisors. The medical history revealed no abnormalities. Methods: Since the patient refused to undergo orthognathic surgery, we suggested using multiloop edgewise archwire (MEAW), which combines temporary anchorage devices (TADs) with modified Class III elastics for camouflage treatment of Class III malocclusion. Results: This case illustrated the use of TADs. MEAW combines TADs with modified Class III elastics for camouflage therapy. It is a potentially effective treatment option for adolescents diagnosed with Class III skeletal malocclusion., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Lam Nguyen Le et al.)

To evaluate the effects of facemask therapy on skeletal class III malocclusion in the Vietnamese population. This interventional trial enrolled a total of 31 children, dividing them into two age groups: Children aged 7 to 9 (54.8%), who were in the pre-pubescent or early mixed dentition stages, comprised one group. The other group consisted of 14 children, representing 45.2%, who were in the mid-pubescent or late mixed dentition stage, aged 7 to 9. All of them had skeletal class III maxillary deficiency (Angle formed by the A-nasion line and B-nasion line ≤0°, Wits appraisal ≤2). The study aimed to investigate how age affects changes in lateral cephalometric measurements before and after treatment. The research involved clinical records, lateral cephalograms, and dental casts. Both qualitative and quantitative variables were evaluated using specific statistical tests. Fisher's exact test was used for qualitative variables, while paired samples t -tests and independent samples t -tests were used for quantitative variables. In cases where the data did not follow a normal distribution, the Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used ( p ≤ 0.05). The study found that using a facemask improved the skeletal, dental and soft tissues. It led to a forward movement of the maxilla and a rotation of the mandible, resulting in a better relationship between the maxilla and mandible. The upper incisors shifted from a crossbite to a positive overbite, and the upper lip protruded forward. The concave face became more prominent and aesthetically pleasing. Most individuals (80.6%) had positive outcomes, with the highest proportion among children aged 7-9 years. Based on the study's findings, the facemask was highly effective for both age groups in skeletal class III malocclusion. The group of children aged 7-9 years with maxillary deficiency was more efficacious than the group of children aged 10-12 years., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (©2024 The Author(s). Published by MRE Press.)

Aim: This study aimed to determine the relationship between malocclusion and deleterious oral habits in the Vietnamese children aged 8-12 years., Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive analysis was undertaken on a total of 434 children (8-12 years old, 208 males and 226 females), separated into five age groups: 8 years old (16.8%), 9 years old (18.5%), 10 years old (20.7%), 11 years old (21.4%), and 12 years old (22.6%), with all four first permanent molars erupted, no previous orthodontic treatment, loss of the second primary molar or presence of the second primary molar root or decay, loss of surface material on the second primary molar, and underfilling of the second primary molar size in the mesiodistal direction. The deleterious oral habits and malocclusion were assessed through a clinical examination and questionnaires for parents. The descriptive statistical analysis revealed the following findings: mean and standard deviation. The chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare categorical variables. The data were considered significant at P < 0.05., Result: Deleterious oral habits were found to have a significant relationship with malocclusion. Mouth breathing habits were associated with anterior open bites ( P < 0.05). The tongue thrusting habit was associated with anterior open bite ( P < 0.05), posterior crossbite ( P < 0.01), overbite greater than 4 mm ( P < 0.01), and angle class I malocclusion ( P < 0.05). Chewing habits on one side were associated with posterior crossbite ( P < 0.01) and posterior open bite ( P < 0.05). The habit of pen/pencil/nail biting was associated with midline deviation ( P < 0.05). As children got older, there was a greater need for orthodontic treatment for dental healthcare, according to the index of orthodontic treatment need. In the 8-year-old patient group, the need was 4.1%; in the 9-year-old patient group, it was 5%; in the 10-year-old patient group, it was 9%; in the 11-year-old patient group, it was 19.4%; and in the 12-year-old patient group, it was 22.4%. The distribution of orthodontic treatment needs for dental health was significantly different based on the number of deleterious oral habits children had ( P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Abnormal oral habits were prevalent in about 30.6% of the study participants. Mouth breathing, tongue thrusting, pen/pencil/nail biting, and one-side chewing had a significant impact on malocclusion., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry.)

Aim: To compare apical root resorption and alveolar bone changes induced by the maxillary canine closure procedure performed on patients with Angle Class I malocclusion using NiTi closed-coil springs versus elastomeric chains., Materials and Methods: Thirty-one adult patients who had been instructed to undergo bilateral maxillary first premolar extraction completed a randomized clinical trial split-mouth study with a double-blind design. Elastomeric chains will be used on the left side, and NiTi closed-coil springs will be used on the right side for patients with even numbers. Elastomeric chains will be used on the right side of patients with an odd number, whereas NiTi closed-coil springs will be used on the left side of patients. For each patient, cone-beam computed tomography of the maxillary canine and lateral cephalometric radiographs were carried out before and after treatment to evaluate apical root resorption and perform cephalometric measurements., Result: The tooth root length decreased by 0.90 ± 0.60 mm in the NiTi closed-coil spring group. The alveolar bone level increased by 0.53 ± 0.66 mm on the buccal side and by 0.79 ± 0.72 mm on the lingual side. These changes were statistically significant ( P < 0.001). In the elastomeric chain group, the tooth root length was decreased by 0.92 ± 0.69 mm, and the levels of vertical buccal and lingual alveolar bone increased significantly ( P < 0.001). Compared to NiTi closed-coil springs and elastomeric chain groups, there was a 0.03 ± 0.878 mm difference in the tooth root length; however, this difference was not statistically significant ( P = 0.878)., Conclusion: Elastomeric chains and NiTi closed-coil springs both generated tooth root resorption, but the results were comparable and the difference was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference between the elastomeric chain and NiTi closed-coil spring groups regarding the changes in alveolar bone loss around the maxillary canines., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry.)

Kimura disease (KD) is a rare benign chronic inflammatory condition that predominantly affects Asian males. It is characterized by subcutaneous tissue masses in the head and neck region, enlarged lymph nodes, increased blood eosinophilia, and elevated serum total IgE levels. In this report, we describe a rare case of KD in a young Vietnamese female. A 31-year-old Vietnamese woman presented to the hospital with 2 masses in the bilateral cheeks and 1 mass behind the left ear that persisted for 15 years, recurrent skin itching, elevated serum total IgE levels, and increased blood eosinophilia. No medical history of the individual or family was recorded. We performed an excision biopsy of the postauricular mass that revealed follicular hyperplasia with small vessel hyperplasia, diffuse infiltration of eosinophils in lymphoid follicles, and several eosinophilic microabscesses. After a comprehensive review, the final diagnosis for this patient was KD and atopic dermatitis comorbidity. In conclusion, KD is not limited to males, as this report demonstrated. The histopathological examination plays an important role in the diagnosis of KD. This case illustrated the characteristic description of KD and highlights the need for awareness of this rare disease in Asian women., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Asia Pacific Association of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology.)

Kidney cancer is the 14th most common cancer globally. The 5-year relative survival rate of kidney cancer at a localized stage is 92.9% and it declines to 17.4% in metastatic stage. Currently, the most accurate method of its diagnosis is tissue biopsy. However, the invasive and costly nature of biopsies makes it undesirable in many patients. Therefore, novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis should be explored. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are small vesicles (50-200 nm) in urine carrying nucleic acids, proteins and lipids as their cargos. These uEVs' cargos can provide non-invasive alternative to monitor kidney health. In this review, we have summarized recent studies investigating potential use of uEVs' cargos as biomarkers in kidney cancer for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic intervention., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Le, Munir, Kim and Ryu.)

Introduction: The mandibular foramen (MnF) and the mental foramen (MF) are essential anatomical landmarks that should be considered before any surgical procedures in the mandible. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the MnF and MF in relation to adjacent anatomical structures, as well as age and gender differences, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) projections., Methods: The study was conducted from August 2023 to January 2024 at the Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Vietnam. In this retrospective study, 50 CBCT images of Vietnamese patients were randomly taken for various clinical purposes. Furthermore, relevant data, such as gender and age groups, were selected to evaluate the correlations, along with specific inclusion criteria. Patients within the age range of 18-69 with a symmetrical mandible were included., Results: The distance of the MnF-MN was 29.6±5.0 mm (right) and 30.1±4.6 mm (left) in males and 25.0±4.2 mm (right) and 26.3±5.0 mm (left) in females. The distance of the MnF-posterior border of the ramus (P) was 16.2±3.6 mm (right) and 15.0±2.3 mm (left) in males. For females, it was 17.1±2.9 mm (right) and 13.8±1.7 mm (left). The distance of the MF-body mandible (MB) was 15.4±2.4 mm (right) and 15.6±2.0 mm (left) in males and 14.0±2.1 mm (right) and 14.3±1.6 mm (left) in females. The distance of the MF-mandibular midline (MM) was 27.0±2.6 mm (right) and 27.0±2.9 mm (left) in males and 25.3±2.0 mm (right) and 25.1±2.2 mm (left) in females. These distances showed statistically significant differences depending on gender (P<0.05)., Conclusion: It can be said that CBCT provides comprehensive information about the MnF and the MF for dentists in research and clinical practice., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Le et al.)

The 5-year survival rate of kidney cancer drops dramatically from 93% to 15% when it is metastatic. Metastasis constitutes for 30% of kidney cancer cases, in which clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prominent subtype. By sequencing mRNA of ccRCC patient samples, we found that apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) was highly expressed in tumors compared to their adjacent normal tissues. This gene has been previously identified in a large body of kidney disease research and was reported as a potential prognosis marker in many types of cancers. However, the molecular function of APOL1 in ccRCC, especially in metastasis, remained unknown. In this study, we modulated the expression of APOL1 in various renal cancer cell lines and analyzed their proliferative, migratory, and invasive properties. Strikingly, APOL1 overexpression suppressed ccRCC metastasis both in vitro and in vivo . We then explored the mechanism by which APOL1 alleviated ccRCC malignant progression by investigating its downstream pathways. APOL1 overexpression diminished the activity of focal adhesive molecules, Akt signaling pathways, and EMT processes. Furthermore, in the upstream, we discovered that miR-30a-3p could inhibit APOL1 expression. In conclusion, our study revealed that APOL1 play a role as a tumor suppressor in ccRCC and inhibit metastasis, which may provide novel potential therapeutic approaches for ccRCC patients., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Le, Choi, Han, Kim, Trinh, Kim and Ryu.)

Aim: This article aims to report a case of face mask therapy and comprehensive orthodontic treatment for skeletal class III malocclusion in a 16-year-old girl., Background: Treating skeletal class III malocclusion in a growing patient is crucial, as it can help avoid the need for additional surgery. Early treatment also lessens the negative impacts of the patient's facial abnormality on their social life because surgery is only done later., Case Description: In this case report, a 14-year-old female patient presented with skeletal class III malocclusion with primary complaints of anterior crossbite. There was no relevant medical history. Face mask therapy and fixed appliance therapy were components of the treatment approach that successfully corrected the malocclusion. The total period of treatment was 20 months., Conclusion: The treatment resulted in a harmonious face, a well-aligned smile arch, stable dental and skeletal relationships, and significant esthetic improvements, including improved facial symmetry and profile., Significance: A growing teen who has a skeletal class III malocclusion and a maxillary deficit may be helped by a combination of face mask therapy and thorough orthodontic treatment. This case report outlines the use of the aforementioned technique to successfully treat a 14-year-old child with class III malocclusion and maxillary deficiencies.Early management of skeletal class III malocclusion in developing adolescents is vital as it can potentially eliminate the necessity for future surgical intervention, leading to improved treatment outcomes.Careful case selection, patient cooperation, and long-term stability enable a successful, stable, and esthetically pleasing treatment outcome., How to Cite This Article: Le LN, Do TT, P Le KV. Face Mask Therapy and Comprehensive Orthodontic Treatment for Skeletal Class III Malocclusion: A Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(3):368-376., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None Patient consent statement: The author(s) have obtained written informed consent from the patient's parents/legal guardians for publication of the case report details and related images.Conflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2024; The Author(s).)

Retrusive upper lips, retroclined upper incisors, a shorter midface, and a larger maxillary-mandibular difference are the characteristics of borderline Class III malocclusion. Individuals with borderline Class III malocclusion frequently exhibit certain morphologic, dental, and skeletal traits, which should aid in the diagnosis of the condition. To report the case of a 22-year-old Vietnamese woman who complained of having tense front teeth and lacking confidence when smiling. Medical history did not find anything strange, there was root canal treatment of the first premolar on the left of the upper jaw, asymmetrical concave chin, and right deviation. Orthodontic camouflage treatment using anterior bite turbos in combination with early light short Class III elastics and box elastics was proposed since the patient declined to have orthognathic surgery. In just 10 months of treatment, a Class I molar and canine relationship was created, an anterior crossbite was corrected via mandibular retraction, and severe skeletal malocclusions were successfully treated without orthognathic surgery. Smiling currently showcases the patient's maxillary incisors more prominently, and her lower lip fullness has diminished, giving her a more attractive smile and a significant improvement to her facial profile., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry.)

Aim: Our aim is to determine the applicability of other analyses and develop a new formula appropriate for the Vietnamese population., Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive analysis was conducted on a total of 120 dental arch samples (18-25 years old, 60 males, and 60 females) with <5 mm of tooth crowding, complete teeth on the dental arch, no missing teeth, and no fillings on the mesial or distal sides. Each study sample will be imprinted and measured using conventional as well as digital methods., Result: There was a significant discrepancy between the overall mesiodistal width from canine to second premolar in the maxilla and mandibular measured with electronic calipers on the cast model and the values calculated by the Moyer, Tanaka - Johnston, Gross - Hasund formulae in the mandibular, and measured by digital scanning and results calculated by the Gross-Hasund formula for maxilla and mandibular and the Moyers, Tanaka-Johnston formula for mandibular. The values obtained were compared with those calculated using the Moyers, Tanaka-Johnston, and Gross-Hasund formulae for the mandibular. Additionally, measurements were taken by digital scanning, and the results were calculated using the Gross-Hasund formula for both the maxilla and mandibular, and the Moyers and Tanaka-Johnston formulae for the mandibular. When used to estimate space analysis in the Vietnamese population, the estimation formula for each gender had greater accuracy and reliability than other widely used methods., Conclusions: As the central incisor and first molar are the first permanent teeth to erupt, the mesiodistal width may be readily measured. This new formula may be used to predict the width in the early stages of the mixed dentition., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry.)

Breastfeeding not only reduces infection-related morbidity, but also increases growth of preterm infants. Advantages of breast milk (BM) for preterm infants are significant. They continue to be studied. However, because not all preterm infants can receive breastfeeding, bovine-based infant formula (IF) is used as an alternative, which may increase the risk of several preterm complications. Exosomes isolated from biofluids are emerging as biomarkers in research of various diseases. Here, we characterized miRNA contents of exosomes in urine and serum samples of preterm infants who were BM and IF fed and performed transcriptomic analysis of small RNA libraries. We identified significantly up-regulated 6 miRNAs and 10 miRNAs, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that target genes of these miRNAs might participate in neuronal development, immunity modulation, detoxification of reactive oxygen species, and transmembrane exchange. Our data suggest that exosome-based systemic screening for preterm infants with breastfeeding might be a screening tool for identifying target molecules involved in therapy for preterm infants in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and for future application as nutraceutical formulations or pharmaceuticals., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Kim, Song, Le, Kim, Koh, Seo, Jeong, Kim and Ryu.)

Context: Optimal restoration methods for endodontically treated teeth (ETTs) have always remained an ongoing discussion among physicians in this day and age. ETTs have a tendency to fracture when chewing, compared to initial teeth. From the perspective of biology, preserving and restoring tooth structure is critical to maintaining biomechanical, functional, and esthetic harmony. Dental bonding techniques have lessened the necessity for post-and-core restorations in ETTs with severe substance loss. A minimally invasive endodontic restoration technique called "endocrown" was initially introduced by Bindl and Mörmann in 1999., Aims: The aim of the study was to clinically evaluate all-ceramic mandibular molar endocrowns made using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) following 2 years of follow-up., Subjects and Methods: This unblinded study contains 56 patients with 56 mandibular molars, which had severe substance loss. After teeth preparation, lithium disilicate ceramic endocrowns were manufactured with the CEREC CAD/CAM system, and cementation was performed using a composite luting agent. The endocrowns were assessed using the modified United States Public Health Service criteria at baseline, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years following placement. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using a questionnaire., Statistical Analysis Used: This study used descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, and 95% confidence intervals. Data were processed using STATA version 14.0 (StataCorp LLC, USA)., Results: Two endocrowns (3.6%) failed throughout the period of observation. The high clinical rating criteria (96.4%, count of 54) and the increased satisfaction percentage (94.6%, count of 53) remained practically stable during the follow-up assessments at 6 months and after 1-2 years., Conclusions: Endocrown offers a less invasive treatment option that may be a better method for endodontically treated mandibular molars. With contemporary CAD/CAM technology and new materials, time in the chair and esthetics optimally improved, bringing satisfaction to the patient., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.)

Objective: To investigate the impact of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on canine movement acceleration., Methods: Randomized clinical trial split-mouth study with a double-blind design and controlled group on 31 orthodontic patients, which had been indicated bilateral maxillary first premolar extraction. Each patient recorded clinical features, analyzed lateral cephalometric film, and evaluated the acceleration on dental models at every specific interval., Result: The cumulative distance to the distal canines was larger for the PRP injection group than for the control group at three time points (4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks), all of which were statistically significant. The PRP injection group's canine distal width increased from the first 4 weeks (ΔT1) to the highest in the middle 4 weeks (ΔT2 = 1.78 ± 0.11 mm/month), and then it gradually decreased in the last 4 weeks (ΔT3). The speed of the PRP-injected canine was faster than the control group by 1.51 times., Conclusion: PRP can accelerate the speed of canine movement in orthodontics and can be applied for severe cases, for example, impacted tooth retraction, molar protraction or retraction, and other cases., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Orthodontic Science.)

Background and Purpose: The soft-tissue layer and facial skeleton influence the harmony and equilibrium of the face. The evaluation of the patient's structural and soft-tissue features is one of the most crucial steps in preparing for the diagnosis and treatment of oral-maxillofacial orthodontics. Clinicians can intervene with the proper treatment at the proper time to achieve the best results by being aware of the traits and variations of soft tissue at various developmental stages and in various races. To obtain a consistent treatment result in terms of function and aesthetically pleasing results, patients, and forecast, the growth that may take place after the orthopedic therapy has concluded., Objective: To examine the soft-tissue features of the oral-maxillofacial area in Vietnamese adults (aged 18-25 years) by evaluating cephalometric radiographs., Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional descriptive study, 85 students from Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy took part. Students' lateral cephalograms were taken in compliance with the sample requirements., Results: Men's lip protrusion (4.30 ± 0.71) was higher than women's (3.88 ± 0.97) ( P = 0.024 <.05) and men's (-4.88 ± 0.93) chin lip groove depth was higher than women's (-4.24 ± 0.93) ( P = 0.002), both with a P value of. 05., Conclusions: The study identified a statistically significant difference in the protrusion of the top lip and the depth of the cleft lip between the male and female, demonstrating that the soft-tissue features of Vietnamese students were distinct from those of other races., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Orthodontic Science.)

BACKGROUNDMultisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare but potentially severe illness that follows exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Kawasaki disease (KD) shares several clinical features with MIS-C, which prompted the use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), a mainstay therapy for KD. Both diseases share a robust activation of the innate immune system, including the IL-1 signaling pathway, and IL-1 blockade has been used for the treatment of both MIS-C and KD. The mechanism of action of IVIG in these 2 diseases and the cellular source of IL-1β have not been defined.METHODSThe effects of IVIG on peripheral blood leukocyte populations from patients with MIS-C and KD were examined using flow cytometry and mass cytometry (CyTOF) and live-cell imaging.RESULTSCirculating neutrophils were highly activated in patients with KD and MIS-C and were a major source of IL-1β. Following IVIG treatment, activated IL-1β+ neutrophils were reduced in the circulation. In vitro, IVIG was a potent activator of neutrophil cell death via PI3K and NADPH oxidase, but independently of caspase activation.CONCLUSIONSActivated neutrophils expressing IL-1β can be targeted by IVIG, supporting its use in both KD and MIS-C to ameliorate inflammation.FUNDINGPatient Centered Outcomes Research Institute; NIH; American Asthma Foundation; American Heart Association; Novo Nordisk Foundation; NIGMS; American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Foundation.

Objective: Catheter manometry is used frequently in neuroendovascular surgery for assessing cerebrovascular pathology. The accuracy of pressure data with different catheter setups requires further validation., Methods: In a silicone human vascular model with a pulsatile pump, pressure measurements were taken through multiple arrangements of 2 guide catheters and 6 microcatheters. The systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, mean pressure, pulse pressure, and area under the curve of the waveform were recorded through catheters with controls at arterial blood pressure ranges. Linear regression modeling was performed, correlating transduction area and relative pulse pressure. Thresholds for acceptable accuracy were ≥ 90%., Results: Mean pressure demonstrated < 4% variation between all 24 catheter setups and respective controls. A strong linear correlation (r2 = 0.843, p < 0.0005) between microcatheter transduction area and relative pulse pressure with a threshold of 0.50 mm2 was seen (i.e., 0.031-inch inner diameter [ID]). For guide catheters with indwelling microcatheters, there was also a strong linear correlation (r2 = 0.840, p < 0.0005) of transduction area to pulse pressure. The guide catheters with obstructing microcatheters required a transduction area over fourfold higher compared with unobstructed microcatheters (2.21 mm2 vs 0.50 mm2)., Conclusions: Mean pressure measurements are accurate through microcatheters as small as 0.013-inch ID. Pulse pressure and waveform morphology may require a microcatheter ≥ 0.031-inch ID to achieve 90% accuracy, although the 0.027-inch ID microcatheter reached 85% accuracy. A 0.070-inch guide catheter with a microcatheter ≤ 0.042-inch outer diameter (e.g., Marksman 0.027-inch ID or smaller) allows accurate transduction of pulse pressure. Further validation of these benchtop findings is necessary before application in a clinical setting.

Vietnam has been conducting HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) integrated bio-behavioral surveillance surveys on men who have sex with men (MSM) as well as other key populations since 2005. Although HIV prevalence in the Vietnamese general population remains below 1%, it is expected to be much higher among MSM.Data on HIV prevalence and sexual and drug use behaviors were collected from MSM in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) in 2006 (n = 397), 2009 (n = 399) and 2013 (n = 350) using respondent-driven sampling. Eligible participants were males, aged ≥15 years who reported having manual, oral, or anal sexual activity with males in the past year and lived, worked or socialized in HCMC.HIV seroprevalence among MSM was 5.8% in 2006, 16.1% in 2009 and 12.1% in 2013 and prevalence of at least one STI (syphilis, gonorrhea and/or chlamydia infection) was 11.4% in 2006 and 15.6% in 2009 (no data for 2013). Significant, but small, increasing trends were found for MSM who reported ever testing and receiving results for HIV and for HIV prevalence. No significant changes for condom use, injecting and non-injecting drug use, or and receipt of free condoms were observed.Although a small percentage of MSM reported injecting drugs, HIV was positively associated with ever injecting drugs. Programs targeting MSM should include screening and treatment for injection drug use to most effectively control the HIV/AIDS epidemic among MSM in HCMC.

Partial discharge (PD) is a major indicator of various failures in power grid systems. PD exhibits a physical occurrence where a localized electrical discharge happens in insulation materials. This phenomenon causes damage to the insulating parts and, in various circumstances, leads to complete insulation breakdown. As a consequence, it can produce more costly outcomes such as abrupt outages or lost production. Therefore, PD detection plays a vital role in preventing insulation failure. In this work, we propose a system that utilizes heterogeneous sensors for the PD detection along with multi-sensor interface, real-time advanced denoise processing, flexible system operation, and Bluetooth-low-energy (BLE)-based ad hoc communication. Among the variety of heterogeneous sensors, several are developed by the application of nanomaterials and nanotechnology, thus outperforming the regular types. The proposed system successfully identifies the presence of PD from sensor signals using a microprocessor-based processing system and effectively performs an advanced denoising technique based on the wavelet transform through field-programmable-gate-array (FPGA)-based programmable logics. With the development of the system, we aim to achieve a solution with low cost, high flexibility and efficiency, and ease of deployment for the monitoring of power grid systems.

Objective: The World Health Organization's guidelines on viral hepatitis testing and treatment recommend prioritizing high prevalence groups. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection disproportionately affects people who inject drugs and men who have sex with men, but data on female sex workers (FSW) are limited. The study aimed to determine active HCV infection and risk factors associated with HCV exposure among Vietnamese FSW., Methods: We surveyed 1886 women aged ≥ 18 years from Haiphong, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City who had sold sex in the last month. We tested for HCV antibody and HCV core antigen as markers for exposure to HCV and active infection, respectively., Results: Across these provinces, high prevalence of HCV exposure (8.8-30.4%) and active infection (3.6-22.1%) were observed. Significant associations with HCV exposure were HIV infection (aOR = 23.7; 95% CI: 14.8-37.9), injection drug use (aOR = 23.3; 95% CI: 13.1-41.4), history of compulsory detention (aOR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.4-4.2) and having more than 10 sex clients in the last month (aOR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2-3.2). Among FSW who reported never injecting drugs, HIV infection (aOR = 24.2; 95% CI: 14.8-39.4), a history of non-injection drug use (aOR = 3.3, CI: 1.8-5.7), compulsory detention (aOR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.2-4.0) and having over 10 sex clients in the last month (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3-3.7) were independently associated with HCV exposure., Discussion: FSW have elevated HCV risks through sex- and drug-related pathways. These findings highlight the need to offer FSW-targeted HCV interventions and ensure their access to HIV prevention and treatment., ((c) 2019 The authors; licensee World Health Organization.)

Audio classification techniques often depend on the availability of a large labeled training dataset for successful performance. However, in many application domains of audio classification (e.g., wildlife monitoring), obtaining labeled data is still a costly and laborious process. Motivated by this observation, a technique is proposed to efficiently learn a clean template from a few labeled, but likely corrupted (by noise and interferences), data samples. This learning can be done efficiently via tensorial dynamic time warping on the articulation index-based time-frequency representations of audio data. The learned template can then be used in audio classification following the standard template-based approach. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms both (1) the recurrent neural network approach and (2) the state-of-the-art in the template-based approach on a wildlife detection application with few training samples.