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1. Widespread white matter microstructural differences in schizophrenia across 4322 individuals: results from the ENIGMA Schizophrenia DTI Working Group

Author

Kelly, S, Jahanshad, N, Zalesky, A, Kochunov, P, Agartz, I, Alloza, C, Andreassen, OA, Arango, C, Banaj, N, Bouix, S, Bousman, CA, Brouwer, RM, Bruggemann, J, Bustillo, J, Cahn, W, Calhoun, V, Cannon, D, Carr, V, Catts, S, Chen, J, Chen, J-X, Chen, X, Chiapponi, C, Cho, Kl K, Ciullo, V, Corvin, AS, Crespo-Facorro, B, Cropley, V, De Rossi, P, Diaz-Caneja, CM, Dickie, EW, Ehrlich, S, Fan, F-M, Faskowitz, J, Fatouros-Bergman, H, Flyckt, L, Ford, JM, Fouche, J-P, Fukunaga, M, Gill, M, Glahn, DC, Gollub, R, Goudzwaard, ED, Guo, H, Gur, RE, Gur, RC, Gurholt, TP, Hashimoto, R, Hatton, SN, Henskens, FA, Hibar, DP, Hickie, IB, Hong, LE, Horacek, J, Howells, FM, Hulshoff Pol, HE, Hyde, CL, Isaev, D, Jablensky, A, Jansen, PR, Janssen, J, Jönsson, EG, Jung, LA, Kahn, RS, Kikinis, Z, Liu, K, Klauser, P, Knöchel, C, Kubicki, M, Lagopoulos, J, Langen, C, Lawrie, S, Lenroot, RK, Lim, KO, Lopez-Jaramillo, C, Lyall, A, Magnotta, V, Mandl, RCW, Mathalon, DH, McCarley, RW, McCarthy-Jones, S, McDonald, C, McEwen, S, McIntosh, A, Melicher, T, Mesholam-Gately, RI, Michie, PT, Mowry, B, Mueller, BA, Newell, DT, O'Donnell, P, Oertel-Knöchel, V, Oestreich, L, Paciga, SA, Pantelis, C, Pasternak, O, Pearlson, G, Pellicano, GR, Pereira, A, and Pineda Zapata, J

Subjects
Neurosciences, Brain Disorders, Mental Health, Serious Mental Illness, Biomedical Imaging, Schizophrenia, Clinical Research, Mental health, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain, Cohort Studies, Corpus Callosum, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Male, Middle Aged, White Matter, Young Adult, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry
Abstract

The regional distribution of white matter (WM) abnormalities in schizophrenia remains poorly understood, and reported disease effects on the brain vary widely between studies. In an effort to identify commonalities across studies, we perform what we believe is the first ever large-scale coordinated study of WM microstructural differences in schizophrenia. Our analysis consisted of 2359 healthy controls and 1963 schizophrenia patients from 29 independent international studies; we harmonized the processing and statistical analyses of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data across sites and meta-analyzed effects across studies. Significant reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA) in schizophrenia patients were widespread, and detected in 20 of 25 regions of interest within a WM skeleton representing all major WM fasciculi. Effect sizes varied by region, peaking at (d=0.42) for the entire WM skeleton, driven more by peripheral areas as opposed to the core WM where regions of interest were defined. The anterior corona radiata (d=0.40) and corpus callosum (d=0.39), specifically its body (d=0.39) and genu (d=0.37), showed greatest effects. Significant decreases, to lesser degrees, were observed in almost all regions analyzed. Larger effect sizes were observed for FA than diffusivity measures; significantly higher mean and radial diffusivity was observed for schizophrenia patients compared with controls. No significant effects of age at onset of schizophrenia or medication dosage were detected. As the largest coordinated analysis of WM differences in a psychiatric disorder to date, the present study provides a robust profile of widespread WM abnormalities in schizophrenia patients worldwide. Interactive three-dimensional visualization of the results is available at www.enigma-viewer.org.

Published
2018

3. Prefrontal cortical thinning links to negative symptoms in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium.

Author

Walton, E, Hibar, DP, van Erp, TGM, Potkin, SG, Roiz-Santiañez, R, Crespo-Facorro, B, Suarez-Pinilla, P, van Haren, NEM, de Zwarte, SMC, Kahn, RS, Cahn, W, Doan, NT, Jørgensen, KN, Gurholt, TP, Agartz, I, Andreassen, OA, Westlye, LT, Melle, I, Berg, AO, Morch-Johnsen, L, Færden, A, Flyckt, L, Fatouros-Bergman, H, Karolinska Schizophrenia Project Consortium (KaSP), Jönsson, EG, Hashimoto, R, Yamamori, H, Fukunaga, M, Jahanshad, N, De Rossi, P, Piras, F, Banaj, N, Spalletta, G, Gur, RE, Gur, RC, Wolf, DH, Satterthwaite, TD, Beard, LM, Sommer, IE, Koops, S, Gruber, O, Richter, A, Krämer, B, Kelly, S, Donohoe, G, McDonald, C, Cannon, DM, Corvin, A, Gill, M, Di Giorgio, A, Bertolino, A, Lawrie, S, Nickson, T, Whalley, HC, Neilson, E, Calhoun, VD, Thompson, PM, Turner, JA, and Ehrlich, S

Subjects
Karolinska Schizophrenia Project Consortium, Prefrontal Cortex, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Linear Models, Schizophrenia, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Schizophrenic Psychology, Internationality, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Adult, Female, Male, Functional Laterality, Cortical thickness, ENIGMA, FreeSurfer, MRI, PANSS, SANS, medial orbitofrontal cortex, negative symptoms, schizophrenia, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Psychiatry, Psychology, Public Health and Health Services, Neurosciences
Abstract

BackgroundOur understanding of the complex relationship between schizophrenia symptomatology and etiological factors can be improved by studying brain-based correlates of schizophrenia. Research showed that impairments in value processing and executive functioning, which have been associated with prefrontal brain areas [particularly the medial orbitofrontal cortex (MOFC)], are linked to negative symptoms. Here we tested the hypothesis that MOFC thickness is associated with negative symptom severity.MethodsThis study included 1985 individuals with schizophrenia from 17 research groups around the world contributing to the ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group. Cortical thickness values were obtained from T1-weighted structural brain scans using FreeSurfer. A meta-analysis across sites was conducted over effect sizes from a model predicting cortical thickness by negative symptom score (harmonized Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms or Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores).ResultsMeta-analytical results showed that left, but not right, MOFC thickness was significantly associated with negative symptom severity (β std = -0.075; p = 0.019) after accounting for age, gender, and site. This effect remained significant (p = 0.036) in a model including overall illness severity. Covarying for duration of illness, age of onset, antipsychotic medication or handedness weakened the association of negative symptoms with left MOFC thickness. As part of a secondary analysis including 10 other prefrontal regions further associations in the left lateral orbitofrontal gyrus and pars opercularis emerged.ConclusionsUsing an unusually large cohort and a meta-analytical approach, our findings point towards a link between prefrontal thinning and negative symptom severity in schizophrenia. This finding provides further insight into the relationship between structural brain abnormalities and negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

Published
2018

4. Positive symptoms associate with cortical thinning in the superior temporal gyrus via the ENIGMA Schizophrenia consortium

Author

Walton, E, Hibar, DP, Erp, TGM, Potkin, SG, Roiz‐Santiañez, R, Crespo‐Facorro, B, Suarez‐Pinilla, P, Van Haren, NEM, Zwarte, SMC, Kahn, RS, Cahn, W, Doan, NT, Jørgensen, KN, Gurholt, TP, Agartz, I, Andreassen, OA, Westlye, LT, Melle, I, Berg, AO, Mørch‐Johnsen, L, Færden, A, Flyckt, L, Fatouros‐Bergman, H, Consortium, Karolinska Schizophrenia Project, Jönsson, EG, Hashimoto, R, Yamamori, H, Fukunaga, M, Preda, A, De Rossi, P, Piras, F, Banaj, N, Ciullo, V, Spalletta, G, Gur, RE, Gur, RC, Wolf, DH, Satterthwaite, TD, Beard, LM, Sommer, IE, Koops, S, Gruber, O, Richter, A, Krämer, B, Kelly, S, Donohoe, G, McDonald, C, Cannon, DM, Corvin, A, Gill, M, Di Giorgio, A, Bertolino, A, Lawrie, S, Nickson, T, Whalley, HC, Neilson, E, Calhoun, VD, Thompson, PM, Turner, JA, and Ehrlich, S

Subjects
Schizophrenia, Mental Health, Brain Disorders, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Schizophrenic Psychology, Temporal Lobe, schizophrenia, positive symptoms, superior temporal gyrus, cortical thickness, ENIGMA, FreeSurfer, MRI, scale for the assessment of positive symptoms, positive and negative syndrome scale, Karolinska Schizophrenia Project Consortium, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry
Abstract

ObjectiveBased on the role of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) in auditory processing, language comprehension and self-monitoring, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between STG cortical thickness and positive symptom severity in schizophrenia.MethodThis prospective meta-analysis includes data from 1987 individuals with schizophrenia collected at seventeen centres around the world that contribute to the ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group. STG thickness measures were extracted from T1-weighted brain scans using FreeSurfer. The study performed a meta-analysis of effect sizes across sites generated by a model predicting left or right STG thickness with a positive symptom severity score (harmonized SAPS or PANSS-positive scores), while controlling for age, sex and site. Secondary models investigated relationships between antipsychotic medication, duration of illness, overall illness severity, handedness and STG thickness.ResultsPositive symptom severity was negatively related to STG thickness in both hemispheres (left: βstd = -0.052; P = 0.021; right: βstd = -0.073; P = 0.001) when statistically controlling for age, sex and site. This effect remained stable in models including duration of illness, antipsychotic medication or handedness.ConclusionOur findings further underline the important role of the STG in hallmark symptoms in schizophrenia. These findings can assist in advancing insight into symptom-relevant pathophysiological mechanisms in schizophrenia.

Published
2017

11. Exploring psychiatric conditions through machine learning: a comprehensive analysis of large-scale data from the ECNP data network

Author

Khuntia, A., primary, Buciuman, M., additional, Fanning, J., additional, Herrera, A., additional, Wiegand, A., additional, Hahn, L., additional, From, T., additional, Goffi, F., additional, Kaufmann, T., additional, Laurikainen, L., additional, Maggioni, E., additional, Martinez, I., additional, Stolicyn, A., additional, Schwarz, E., additional, Squarcina, L., additional, Andreassen, O., additional, Bellani, M., additional, Brambilla, P., additional, Hietala, J., additional, Lawrie, S., additional, Soriano, S., additional, Whalley, H., additional, and Koutsouleris, N., additional

Published
2023
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14. Virtual Ontogeny of Cortical Growth Preceding Mental Illness

Author

Patel, Y., Shin, J., Abé, C., Agartz, I., Alloza, C., Alnæs, D., Ambrogi, S., Antonucci, L.A., Arango, C., Arolt, V., Auzias, G., Ayesa-Arriola, R., Banaj, N., Banaschewski, T., Bandeira, C., Başgöze, Z., Cupertino, R.B., Bau, C.H.D., Bauer, J., Baumeister, S., Bernardoni, F., Bertolino, A., Bonnin, C.D.M., Brandeis, D., Brem, S., Bruggemann, J., Bülow, R., Bustillo, J.R., Calderoni, S., Calvo, R., Canales-Rodríguez, E.J., Cannon, D.M., Carmona, S., Carr, V.J., Catts, S.V., Chenji, S., Chew, Q.H., Coghill, D., Connolly, C.G., Conzelmann, A., Craven, A.R., Crespo-Facorro, B., Cullen, K., Dahl, A., Dannlowski, U., Davey, C.G., Deruelle, C., Díaz-Caneja, C.M., Dohm, K., Ehrlich, S., Epstein, J., Erwin-Grabner, T., Eyler, L.T., Fedor, J., Fitzgerald, J., Foran, W., Ford, J.M., Fortea, L., Fuentes-Claramonte, P., Fullerton, J., Furlong, L., Gallagher, L., Gao, B., Gao, S., Goikolea, J.M., Gotlib, I., Goya-Maldonado, R., Grabe, H.J., Green, M., Grevet, E.H., Groenewold, N.A., Grotegerd, D., Gruber, O., Haavik, J., Hahn, T., Harrison, B.J., Heindel, W., Henskens, F., Heslenfeld, D.J., Hilland, E., Hoekstra, P.J., Hohmann, S., Holz, N., Howells, F.M., Ipser, J.C., Jahanshad, N., Jakobi, B., Jansen, A, Janssen, J., Jonassen, R., Kaiser, A., Kaleda, V., Karantonis, J., King, J.A., Kircher, T., Kochunov, P., Koopowitz, S.M., Landén, M., Landrø, N.I., Hoogman, M., Lawrie, S., Franke, B., Rooij, D. van, Buitelaar, J.K., Thompson, P., Paus, T., Patel, Y., Shin, J., Abé, C., Agartz, I., Alloza, C., Alnæs, D., Ambrogi, S., Antonucci, L.A., Arango, C., Arolt, V., Auzias, G., Ayesa-Arriola, R., Banaj, N., Banaschewski, T., Bandeira, C., Başgöze, Z., Cupertino, R.B., Bau, C.H.D., Bauer, J., Baumeister, S., Bernardoni, F., Bertolino, A., Bonnin, C.D.M., Brandeis, D., Brem, S., Bruggemann, J., Bülow, R., Bustillo, J.R., Calderoni, S., Calvo, R., Canales-Rodríguez, E.J., Cannon, D.M., Carmona, S., Carr, V.J., Catts, S.V., Chenji, S., Chew, Q.H., Coghill, D., Connolly, C.G., Conzelmann, A., Craven, A.R., Crespo-Facorro, B., Cullen, K., Dahl, A., Dannlowski, U., Davey, C.G., Deruelle, C., Díaz-Caneja, C.M., Dohm, K., Ehrlich, S., Epstein, J., Erwin-Grabner, T., Eyler, L.T., Fedor, J., Fitzgerald, J., Foran, W., Ford, J.M., Fortea, L., Fuentes-Claramonte, P., Fullerton, J., Furlong, L., Gallagher, L., Gao, B., Gao, S., Goikolea, J.M., Gotlib, I., Goya-Maldonado, R., Grabe, H.J., Green, M., Grevet, E.H., Groenewold, N.A., Grotegerd, D., Gruber, O., Haavik, J., Hahn, T., Harrison, B.J., Heindel, W., Henskens, F., Heslenfeld, D.J., Hilland, E., Hoekstra, P.J., Hohmann, S., Holz, N., Howells, F.M., Ipser, J.C., Jahanshad, N., Jakobi, B., Jansen, A, Janssen, J., Jonassen, R., Kaiser, A., Kaleda, V., Karantonis, J., King, J.A., Kircher, T., Kochunov, P., Koopowitz, S.M., Landén, M., Landrø, N.I., Hoogman, M., Lawrie, S., Franke, B., Rooij, D. van, Buitelaar, J.K., Thompson, P., and Paus, T.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 281502.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access), BACKGROUND: Morphology of the human cerebral cortex differs across psychiatric disorders, with neurobiology and developmental origins mostly undetermined. Deviations in the tangential growth of the cerebral cortex during pre/perinatal periods may be reflected in individual variations in cortical surface area later in life. METHODS: Interregional profiles of group differences in surface area between cases and controls were generated using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging from 27,359 individuals including those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and high general psychopathology (through the Child Behavior Checklist). Similarity of interregional profiles of group differences in surface area and prenatal cell-specific gene expression was assessed. RESULTS: Across the 11 cortical regions, group differences in cortical area for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, and Child Behavior Checklist were dominant in multimodal association cortices. The same interregional profiles were also associated with interregional profiles of (prenatal) gene expression specific to proliferative cells, namely radial glia and intermediate progenitor cells (greater expression, larger difference), as well as differentiated cells, namely excitatory neurons and endothelial and mural cells (greater expression, smaller difference). Finally, these cell types were implicated in known pre/perinatal risk factors for psychosis. Genes coexpressed with radial glia were enriched with genes implicated in congenital abnormalities, birth weight, hypoxia, and starvation. Genes coexpressed with endothelial and mural genes were enriched with genes associated with maternal hypertension and preterm birth. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support a neurodevelopmental model of vulnerability to mental illness whereby prenatal risk factors acting through cell-specific processes lead to deviations from t

Published
2022

15. Virtual Ontogeny of Cortical Growth Preceding Mental Illness

Author

Patel, Y, Shin, J, Abe, C, Agartz, I, Alloza, C, Alnaes, D, Ambrogi, S, Antonucci, LA, Arango, C, Arolt, V, Auzias, G, Ayesa-Arriola, R, Banaj, N, Banaschewski, T, Bandeira, C, Basgoze, Z, Cupertino, RB, Bau, CHD, Bauer, J, Baumeister, S, Bernardoni, F, Bertolino, A, del Mar Bonnin, C, Brandeis, D, Brem, S, Bruggemann, J, Bulow, R, Bustillo, JR, Calderoni, S, Calvo, R, Canales-Rodriguez, EJ, Cannon, DM, Carmona, S, Carr, VJ, Catts, SV, Chenji, S, Chew, QH, Coghill, D, Connolly, CG, Conzelmann, A, Craven, AR, Crespo-Facorro, B, Cullen, K, Dahl, A, Dannlowski, U, Davey, CG, Deruelle, C, Diaz-Caneja, CM, Dohm, K, Ehrlich, S, Epstein, J, Erwin-Grabner, T, Eyler, LT, Fedor, J, Fitzgerald, J, Foran, W, Ford, JM, Fortea, L, Fuentes-Claramonte, P, Fullerton, J, Furlong, L, Gallagher, L, Gao, B, Gao, S, Goikolea, JM, Gotlib, I, Goya-Maldonado, R, Grabe, HJ, Green, M, Grevet, EH, Groenewold, NA, Grotegerd, D, Gruber, O, Haavik, J, Hahn, T, Harrison, BJ, Heindel, W, Henskens, F, Heslenfeld, DJ, Hilland, E, Hoekstra, PJ, Hohmann, S, Holz, N, Howells, FM, Ipser, JC, Jahanshad, N, Jakobi, B, Jansen, A, Janssen, J, Jonassen, R, Kaiser, A, Kaleda, V, Karantonis, J, King, JA, Kircher, T, Kochunov, P, Koopowitz, S-M, Landen, M, Landro, NI, Lawrie, S, Lebedeva, I, Luna, B, Lundervold, AJ, MacMaster, FP, Maglanoc, LA, Mathalon, DH, McDonald, C, McIntosh, A, Meinert, S, Michie, PT, Mitchell, P, Moreno-Alcazar, A, Mowry, B, Muratori, F, Nabulsi, L, Nenadic, I, Tuura, RO, Oosterlaan, J, Overs, B, Pantelis, C, Parellada, M, Pariente, JC, Pauli, P, Pergola, G, Piarulli, FM, Picon, F, Piras, F, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Pretus, C, Quide, Y, Radua, J, Ramos-Quiroga, JA, Rasser, PE, Reif, A, Retico, A, Roberts, G, Rossell, S, Rovaris, DL, Rubia, K, Sacchet, M, Salavert, J, Salvador, R, Sarro, S, Sawa, A, Schall, U, Scott, R, Selvaggi, P, Silk, T, Sim, K, Skoch, A, Spalletta, G, Spaniel, F, Stein, DJ, Steinstrater, O, Stolicyn, A, Takayanagi, Y, Tamm, L, Tavares, M, Teumer, A, Thiel, K, Thomopoulos, SI, Tomecek, D, Tomyshev, AS, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D, Tosetti, M, Uhlmann, A, Van Rheenen, T, Vazquez-Bourgon, J, Vernooij, MW, Vieta, E, Vilarroya, O, Weickert, C, Weickert, T, Westlye, LT, Whalley, H, Willinger, D, Winter, A, Wittfeld, K, Yang, TT, Yoncheva, Y, Zijlmans, JL, Hoogman, M, Franke, B, van Rooij, D, Buitelaar, J, Ching, CRK, Andreassen, OA, Pozzi, E, Veltman, D, Schmaal, L, van Erp, TGM, Turner, J, Castellanos, FX, Pausova, Z, Thompson, P, Paus, T, Patel, Y, Shin, J, Abe, C, Agartz, I, Alloza, C, Alnaes, D, Ambrogi, S, Antonucci, LA, Arango, C, Arolt, V, Auzias, G, Ayesa-Arriola, R, Banaj, N, Banaschewski, T, Bandeira, C, Basgoze, Z, Cupertino, RB, Bau, CHD, Bauer, J, Baumeister, S, Bernardoni, F, Bertolino, A, del Mar Bonnin, C, Brandeis, D, Brem, S, Bruggemann, J, Bulow, R, Bustillo, JR, Calderoni, S, Calvo, R, Canales-Rodriguez, EJ, Cannon, DM, Carmona, S, Carr, VJ, Catts, SV, Chenji, S, Chew, QH, Coghill, D, Connolly, CG, Conzelmann, A, Craven, AR, Crespo-Facorro, B, Cullen, K, Dahl, A, Dannlowski, U, Davey, CG, Deruelle, C, Diaz-Caneja, CM, Dohm, K, Ehrlich, S, Epstein, J, Erwin-Grabner, T, Eyler, LT, Fedor, J, Fitzgerald, J, Foran, W, Ford, JM, Fortea, L, Fuentes-Claramonte, P, Fullerton, J, Furlong, L, Gallagher, L, Gao, B, Gao, S, Goikolea, JM, Gotlib, I, Goya-Maldonado, R, Grabe, HJ, Green, M, Grevet, EH, Groenewold, NA, Grotegerd, D, Gruber, O, Haavik, J, Hahn, T, Harrison, BJ, Heindel, W, Henskens, F, Heslenfeld, DJ, Hilland, E, Hoekstra, PJ, Hohmann, S, Holz, N, Howells, FM, Ipser, JC, Jahanshad, N, Jakobi, B, Jansen, A, Janssen, J, Jonassen, R, Kaiser, A, Kaleda, V, Karantonis, J, King, JA, Kircher, T, Kochunov, P, Koopowitz, S-M, Landen, M, Landro, NI, Lawrie, S, Lebedeva, I, Luna, B, Lundervold, AJ, MacMaster, FP, Maglanoc, LA, Mathalon, DH, McDonald, C, McIntosh, A, Meinert, S, Michie, PT, Mitchell, P, Moreno-Alcazar, A, Mowry, B, Muratori, F, Nabulsi, L, Nenadic, I, Tuura, RO, Oosterlaan, J, Overs, B, Pantelis, C, Parellada, M, Pariente, JC, Pauli, P, Pergola, G, Piarulli, FM, Picon, F, Piras, F, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Pretus, C, Quide, Y, Radua, J, Ramos-Quiroga, JA, Rasser, PE, Reif, A, Retico, A, Roberts, G, Rossell, S, Rovaris, DL, Rubia, K, Sacchet, M, Salavert, J, Salvador, R, Sarro, S, Sawa, A, Schall, U, Scott, R, Selvaggi, P, Silk, T, Sim, K, Skoch, A, Spalletta, G, Spaniel, F, Stein, DJ, Steinstrater, O, Stolicyn, A, Takayanagi, Y, Tamm, L, Tavares, M, Teumer, A, Thiel, K, Thomopoulos, SI, Tomecek, D, Tomyshev, AS, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D, Tosetti, M, Uhlmann, A, Van Rheenen, T, Vazquez-Bourgon, J, Vernooij, MW, Vieta, E, Vilarroya, O, Weickert, C, Weickert, T, Westlye, LT, Whalley, H, Willinger, D, Winter, A, Wittfeld, K, Yang, TT, Yoncheva, Y, Zijlmans, JL, Hoogman, M, Franke, B, van Rooij, D, Buitelaar, J, Ching, CRK, Andreassen, OA, Pozzi, E, Veltman, D, Schmaal, L, van Erp, TGM, Turner, J, Castellanos, FX, Pausova, Z, Thompson, P, and Paus, T

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Morphology of the human cerebral cortex differs across psychiatric disorders, with neurobiology and developmental origins mostly undetermined. Deviations in the tangential growth of the cerebral cortex during pre/perinatal periods may be reflected in individual variations in cortical surface area later in life. METHODS: Interregional profiles of group differences in surface area between cases and controls were generated using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging from 27,359 individuals including those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and high general psychopathology (through the Child Behavior Checklist). Similarity of interregional profiles of group differences in surface area and prenatal cell-specific gene expression was assessed. RESULTS: Across the 11 cortical regions, group differences in cortical area for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, and Child Behavior Checklist were dominant in multimodal association cortices. The same interregional profiles were also associated with interregional profiles of (prenatal) gene expression specific to proliferative cells, namely radial glia and intermediate progenitor cells (greater expression, larger difference), as well as differentiated cells, namely excitatory neurons and endothelial and mural cells (greater expression, smaller difference). Finally, these cell types were implicated in known pre/perinatal risk factors for psychosis. Genes coexpressed with radial glia were enriched with genes implicated in congenital abnormalities, birth weight, hypoxia, and starvation. Genes coexpressed with endothelial and mural genes were enriched with genes associated with maternal hypertension and preterm birth. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support a neurodevelopmental model of vulnerability to mental illness whereby prenatal risk factors acting through cell-specific processes lead to deviations from t

Published
2022

16. Caesium Balance of the ISIS H Penning Ion Source

Author

Tarvainen, O, primary, Faircloth, D, additional, Lawrie, S, additional, Sarmento, T, additional, Abel, R, additional, Macgregor, J, additional, Cahill, C, additional, Stanley, T, additional, Whitehead, M, additional, and Wood, T, additional

Published
2022
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21. Subcortical brain volume abnormalities in 2028 individuals with schizophrenia and 2540 healthy controls via the ENIGMA consortium

Author

van Erp, T GM, Hibar, D P, Rasmussen, J M, Glahn, D C, Pearlson, G D, Andreassen, O A, Agartz, I, Westlye, L T, Haukvik, U K, Dale, A M, Melle, I, Hartberg, C B, Gruber, O, Kraemer, B, Zilles, D, Donohoe, G, Kelly, S, McDonald, C, Morris, D W, Cannon, D M, Corvin, A, Machielsen, M WJ, Koenders, L, de Haan, L, Veltman, D J, Satterthwaite, T D, Wolf, D H, Gur, R C, Gur, R E, Potkin, S G, Mathalon, D H, Mueller, B A, Preda, A, Macciardi, F, Ehrlich, S, Walton, E, Hass, J, Calhoun, V D, Bockholt, H J, Sponheim, S R, Shoemaker, J M, van Haren, N EM, Pol, H EH, Ophoff, R A, Kahn, R S, Roiz-Santiañez, R, Crespo-Facorro, B, Wang, L, Alpert, K I, Jönsson, E G, Dimitrova, R, Bois, C, Whalley, H C, McIntosh, A M, Lawrie, S M, Hashimoto, R, Thompson, P M, and Turner, J A

Published
2016
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23. White matter, cognition and psychotic-like experiences in UK Biobank.

Author

Bosma, M. J., Cox, S. R., Ziermans, T., Buchanan, C. R., Shen, X., Tucker-Drob, E. M., Adams, M. J., Whalley, H. C., and Lawrie, S. M.

Subjects
TISSUE banks, PSYCHOSES, SCHIZOPHRENIA, COGNITION, WHITE matter (Nerve tissue), EXPERIENCE, RISK assessment, RESEARCH funding, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, FACTOR analysis, PATH analysis (Statistics)
Abstract

Background: Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are risk factors for the development of psychiatric conditions like schizophrenia, particularly if associated with distress. As PLEs have been related to alterations in both white matter and cognition, we investigated whether cognition (g-factor and processing speed) mediates the relationship between white matter and PLEs. Methods: We investigated two independent samples (6170 and 19 891) from the UK Biobank, through path analysis. For both samples, measures of whole-brain fractional anisotropy (gFA) and mean diffusivity (gMD), as indications of white matter microstructure, were derived from probabilistic tractography. For the smaller sample, variables whole-brain white matter network efficiency and microstructure were also derived from structural connectome data. Results: The mediation of cognition on the relationships between white matter properties and PLEs was non-significant. However, lower gFA was associated with having PLEs in combination with distress in the full available sample (standardized β = −0.053, p = 0.011). Additionally, lower gFA/higher gMD was associated with lower g-factor (standardized β = 0.049, p < 0.001; standardized β = −0.027, p = 0.003), and partially mediated by processing speed with a proportion mediated of 7% (p = < 0.001) for gFA and 11% (p < 0.001) for gMD. Conclusions: We show that lower global white matter microstructure is associated with having PLEs in combination with distress, which suggests a direction of future research that could help clarify how and why individuals progress from subclinical to clinical psychotic symptoms. Furthermore, we replicated that processing speed mediates the relationship between white matter microstructure and g-factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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29. NIBS2020 poster Q+A

Author

Bito, K., primary, Faircloth, D., additional, Gamba, D., additional, Heiler, A., additional, Hernandez, J., additional, Huh, S., additional, Kisaki, M., additional, Lawrie, S., additional, Li, Z., additional, Shi, C., additional, Shimabukuro, Y., additional, Wang, J., additional, Wang, N., additional, Wang, R., additional, and Xu, Y., additional

Published
2021
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31. Correction: Widespread white matter microstructural abnormalities in bipolar disorder: evidence from mega- and meta-analyses across 3033 individuals (Neuropsychopharmacology, (2019), 44, 13, (2285-2293), 10.1038/s41386-019-0485-6)

Author

Favre P., Pauling M., Stout J., Hozer F., Sarrazin S., Abe C., Alda M., Alloza C., Alonso-Lana S., Andreassen O. A., Baune B. T., Benedetti F., Busatto G. F., Canales-Rodriguez E. J., Caseras X., Chaim-Avancini T. M., Ching C. R. K., Dannlowski U., Deppe M., Eyler L. T., Fatjo-Vilas M., Foley S. F., Grotegerd D., Hajek T., Haukvik U. K., Howells F. M., Jahanshad N., Kugel H., Lagerberg T. V., Lawrie S. M., Linke J. O., McIntosh A., Melloni E. M. T., Mitchell P. B., Polosan M., Pomarol-Clotet E., Repple J., Roberts G., Roos A., Rosa P. G. P., Salvador R., Sarro S., Schofield P. R., Serpa M. H., Sim K., Stein D. J., Sussmann J. E., Temmingh H. S., Thompson P. M., Verdolini N., Vieta E., Wessa M., Whalley H. C., Zanetti M. V., Leboyer M., Mangin J. -F., Henry C., Duchesnay E., Houenou J., Favre, P., Pauling, M., Stout, J., Hozer, F., Sarrazin, S., Abe, C., Alda, M., Alloza, C., Alonso-Lana, S., Andreassen, O. A., Baune, B. T., Benedetti, F., Busatto, G. F., Canales-Rodriguez, E. J., Caseras, X., Chaim-Avancini, T. M., Ching, C. R. K., Dannlowski, U., Deppe, M., Eyler, L. T., Fatjo-Vilas, M., Foley, S. F., Grotegerd, D., Hajek, T., Haukvik, U. K., Howells, F. M., Jahanshad, N., Kugel, H., Lagerberg, T. V., Lawrie, S. M., Linke, J. O., Mcintosh, A., Melloni, E. M. T., Mitchell, P. B., Polosan, M., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Repple, J., Roberts, G., Roos, A., Rosa, P. G. P., Salvador, R., Sarro, S., Schofield, P. R., Serpa, M. H., Sim, K., Stein, D. J., Sussmann, J. E., Temmingh, H. S., Thompson, P. M., Verdolini, N., Vieta, E., Wessa, M., Whalley, H. C., Zanetti, M. V., Leboyer, M., Mangin, J. -F., Henry, C., Duchesnay, E., and Houenou, J.

Abstract

This Article was originally published under NPG's License to Publish, but has now been made available under a [CC BY 4.0] license. The PDF and HTML versions of the Article have been modified accordingly.

Published
2019

33. Polygenic risk score for schizophrenia and structural brain connectivity in older age: A longitudinal connectome and tractography study

Author

Alloza, C., Cox, S. R., Blesa Cábez, M., Redmond, P, Whalley, H C, Ritchie, S J, Muñoz Maniega, S, del C Valdés Hernández, M, Tucker-Drob, E M, Lawrie, S M, Wardlaw, J M, Deary, I J, and Bastin, M E

Subjects
Multifactorial Inheritance, longitudinal, Structural connectivity, Brain, White Matter, Article, schizophrenia, Ageing, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, ageing, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Longitudinal, Genetics, Connectome, Humans, structural connectivity, genetics, Longitudinal Studies, Nerve Net, Aged
Abstract

Higher polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (szPGRS) has been associated with lower cognitive function and might be a predictor of decline in brain structure in apparently healthy populations. Age-related declines in structural brain connectivity—measured using white matter diffusion MRI —are evident from cross-sectional data. Yet, it remains unclear how graph theoretical metrics of the structural connectome change over time, and whether szPGRS is associated with differences in ageing-related changes in human brain connectivity. Here, we studied a large, relatively healthy, same-year-of-birth, older age cohort over a period of 3 years (age ∼ 73 years, N = 731; age ∼76 years, N = 488). From their brain scans we derived tract-averaged fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), and network topology properties. We investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between these structural brain variables and szPGRS. Higher szPGRS showed significant associations with longitudinal increases in MD in the splenium (β = 0.132, pFDR = 0.040), arcuate (β = 0.291, pFDR = 0.040), anterior thalamic radiations (β = 0.215, pFDR = 0.040) and cingulum (β = 0.165, pFDR = 0.040). Significant declines over time were observed in graph theory metrics for FA-weighted networks, such as mean edge weight (β = −0.039, pFDR = 0.048) and strength (β = −0.027, pFDR = 0.048). No significant associations were found between szPGRS and graph theory metrics. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that szPGRS confers risk for ageing-related degradation of some aspects of structural connectivity., Highlights • Large longitudinal MRI study of brain structure in narrow age range older age cohort. • Longitudinal changes occur in white matter tracts from age 73 to 76. • Graph theory metrics also showed longitudinal reductions over that period. • Microstructural changes in white matter correlate with changes in brain’s network. • Higher genetic risk for schizophrenia is associated with changes in brain structure.

Published
2018
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34. Changes in brain activity following the voluntary control of empathy

Author

Lawrie S. McKay, Christian Keysers, Abdel R. Abdelgabar, Valeria Gazzola, K.C. Borja Jimenez, L. De Angelis, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), and Brein en Cognitie (Psychologie, FMG)

Subjects
Adult, Male, Brain activity and meditation, Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, Motion Pictures, Empathy, 050105 experimental psychology, lcsh:RC321-571, Intersubject correlation, 03 medical and health sciences, Functional connectivity, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Theory of mind, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Control (linguistics), lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, media_common, Reappraisal, Emotion regulation, 05 social sciences, Perspective (graphical), Brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neurology, Turnover, Cognitive control, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Photic Stimulation, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

In neuroscience, empathy is often conceived as relatively automatic. The voluntary control that people can exert on brain mechanisms that map the emotions of others onto our own emotions has received comparatively less attention. Here, we therefore measured brain activity while participants watched emotional Hollywood movies under two different instructions: to rate the main characters' emotions by empathizing with them, or to do so while keeping a detached perspective. We found that participants yielded highly consistent and similar ratings of emotions under both conditions. Using intersubject correlation-based analyses we found that, when encouraged to empathize, participants' brain activity in limbic (including cingulate and putamen) and somatomotor regions (including premotor, SI and SII) synchronized more during the movie than when encouraged to detach. Using intersubject functional connectivity we found that comparing the empathic and detached perspectives revealed widespread increases in functional connectivity between large scale networks. Our findings contribute to the increasing awareness that we have voluntary control over the neural mechanisms through which we process the emotions of others.

Published
2020

35. Genetic architecture of subcortical brain structures in 38,854 individuals worldwide

Author

Satizabal, C., Adams, H., Hibar, D., White, C., Knol, M., Stein, J., Scholz, M., Sargurupremraj, M., Jahanshad, N., Roshchupkin, G., Smith, A., Bis, J., Jian, X., Luciano, M., Hofer, E., Teumer, A., Van der Lee, S., Yang, J., Yanek, L., Lee, T., Li, S., Hu, Y., Koh, J., Eicher, J., Desrivières, S., Arias-Vasquez, A., Chauhan, G., Athanasiu, L., Renteria, M., Kim, S., Höhn, D., Armstrong, N., Chen, Q., Holmes, A., Den Braber, A., Kloszewska, I., Andersson, M., Espeseth, T., Grimm, O., Abramovic, L., Alhusaini, S., Milaneschi, Y., Papmeyer, M., Axelsson, T., Ehrlich, S., Roiz-Santiañez, R., Kraemer, B., Håberg, A., Jones, H., Pike, G., Stein, D., Stevens, A., Bralten, J., Vernooij, M., Harris, T., Filippi, I., Witte, A., Guadalupe, T., Wittfeld, K., Mosley, T., Becker, J., Doan, N., Hagenaars, S., Saba, Y., Cuellar-Partida, G., Amin, N., Hilal, S., Nho, K., Karbalai, N., Arfanakis, K., Becker, D., Ames, D., Goldman, A., Lee, P., Boomsma, D., Lovestone, S., Giddaluru, S., Le Hellard, S., Mattheisen, M., Bohlken, M., Kasperaviciute, D., Schmaal, L., Lawrie, S., Agartz, I., Walton, E., Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D., Davies, G., Shin, J., Ipser, J., Vinke, L., Hoogman, M., Jia, T., Burkhardt, R., Klein, M., Crivello, F., Janowitz, D., Carmichael, O., Haukvik, U., Aribisala, B., Schmidt, H., Strike, L., Cheng, C., Risacher, S., Pütz, B., Fleischman, D., Assareh, A., Mattay, V., Buckner, R., Mecocci, P., Dale, A., Cichon, S., Boks, M., Matarin, M., Penninx, B., Calhoun, V., Chakravarty, M., Marquand, A., Macare, C., Masouleh, S., Oosterlaan, J., Amouyel, P., Hegenscheid, K., Rotter, J., Schork, A., Liewald, D., De Zubicaray, G., Wong, T., Shen, L., Sämann, P., Brodaty, H., Roffman, J., De Geus, E., Tsolaki, M., Erk, S., Van Eijk, K., Cavalleri, G., Van der Wee, N., McIntosh, A., Gollub, R., Bulayeva, K., Bernard, M., Richards, J., Himali, J., Loeffler, M., Rommelse, N., Hoffmann, W., Westlye, L., Valdés Hernández, M., Hansell, N., Van Erp, T., Wolf, C., Kwok, J., Vellas, B., Heinz, A., Olde Loohuis, L., Delanty, N., Ho, B., Ching, C., Shumskaya, E., Singh, B., Hofman, A., Van der Meer, D., Homuth, G., Psaty, B., Bastin, M., Montgomery, G., Foroud, T., Reppermund, S., Hottenga, J., Simmons, A., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Cahn, W., Whelan, C., Van Donkelaar, M., Yang, Q., Hosten, N., Green, R., Thalamuthu, A., Mohnke, S., Hulshoff Pol, H., Lin, H., Jack Jr., C., Schofield, P., Mühleisen, T., Maillard, P., Potkin, S., Wen, W., Fletcher, E., Toga, A., Gruber, O., Huentelman, M., Smith, G., Launer, L., Nyberg, L., Jönsson, E., Crespo-Facorro, B., Koen, N., Greve, D., Uitterlinden, A., Weinberger, D., Steen, V., Fedko, I., Groenewold, N., Niessen, W., Toro, R., Tzourio, C., Longstreth Jr., W., Ikram, M., Smoller, J., Van Tol, M., Sussmann, J., Paus, T., Lemaître, H., Schroeter, M., Mazoyer, B., Andreassen, O., Holsboer, F., Depondt, C., Veltman, D., Turner, J., Pausova, Z., Schumann, G., Van Rooij, D., Djurovic, S., Deary, I., McMahon, K., Müller-Myhsok, B., Brouwer, R., Soininen, H., Pandolfo, M., Wassink, T., Cheung, J., Wolfers, T., Martinot, J., Zwiers, M., Nauck, M., Melle, I., Martin, N., Kanai, R., Westman, E., Kahn, R., Sisodiya, S., White, T., Saremi, A., Van Bokhoven, H., Brunner, H., Völzke, H., Wright, M., Van 't Ent, D., Nöthen, M., Ophoff, R., Buitelaar, J., Fernández, G., Sachdev, P., Rietschel, M., Van Haren, N., Fisher, S., Beiser, A., Francks, C., Saykin, A., Mather, K., Romanczuk-Seiferth, N., Hartman, C., DeStefano, A., Heslenfeld, D., Weiner, M., Walter, H., Hoekstra, P., Nyquist, P., Franke, B., Bennett, D., Grabe, H., Johnson, A., Chen, C., Van Duijn, C., Lopez, O., Fornage, M., Wardlaw, J., Schmidt, R., DeCarli, C., De Jager, P., Villringer, A., Debette, S., Gudnason, V., Medland, S., Shulman, J., Thompson, P., and Seshadri, S.

Subjects
nervous system
Abstract

Subcortical brain structures are integral to motion, consciousness, emotions and learning. We identified common genetic variation related to the volumes of the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, brainstem, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen and thalamus, using genome-wide association analyses in almost 40,000 individuals from CHARGE, ENIGMA and UK Biobank. We show that variability in subcortical volumes is heritable, and identify 48 significantly associated loci (40 novel at the time of analysis). Annotation of these loci by utilizing gene expression, methylation and neuropathological data identified 199 genes putatively implicated in neurodevelopment, synaptic signaling, axonal transport, apoptosis, inflammation/infection and susceptibility to neurological disorders. This set of genes is significantly enriched for Drosophila orthologs associated with neurodevelopmental phenotypes, suggesting evolutionarily conserved mechanisms. Our findings uncover novel biology and potential drug targets underlying brain development and disease.

Published
2019

36. Erratum: Subcortical brain volume abnormalities in 2028 individuals with schizophrenia and 2540 healthy controls via the ENIGMA consortium

Author

van Erp, T G M, Hibar, D P, Rasmussen, J M, Glahn, D C, Pearlson, G D, Andreassen, O A, Agartz, I, Westlye, L T, Haukvik, U K, Dale, A M, Melle, I, Hartberg, C B, Gruber, O, Kraemer, B, Zilles, D, Donohoe, G, Kelly, S, McDonald, C, Morris, D W, Cannon, D M, Corvin, A, Machielsen, M W J, Koenders, L, de Haan, L, Veltman, D J, Satterthwaite, T D, Wolf, D H, Gur, R C, Gur, R E, Potkin, S G, Mathalon, D H, Mueller, B A, Preda, A, Macciardi, F, Ehrlich, S, Walton, E, Hass, J, Calhoun, V D, Bockholt, H J, Sponheim, S R, Shoemaker, J M, van Haren, N E M, Pol, H E H, Ophoff, R A, Kahn, R S, Roiz-Santiañez, R, Crespo-Facorro, B, Wang, L, Alpert, K I, Jönsson, E G, Dimitrova, R, Bois, C, Whalley, H C, McIntosh, A M, Lawrie, S M, Hashimoto, R, Thompson, P M, and Turner, J A

Published
2016
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37. Genetic copy number variants, cognition and psychosis: a meta-analysis and a family study

Author

Thygesen, J.H. (Johan H.), Presman, A. (Amelia), Harju-Seppänen, J. (Jasmine), Irizar, H. (Haritz), Jones, R. (Rebecca), Kuchenbaecker, K.B. (Karoline), Lin, K. (Kuang), Alizadeh, B.Z. (Behrooz), Austin-Zimmerman, I. (Isabelle), Bartels-Velthuis, A. (Agna), Bhat, A. (Anjali), Bruggeman, R. (Richard), Cahn, W. (Wiepke), Calafato, S. (Stella), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), de Haan, L. (Liewe), de Zwarte, S.M.C. (Sonja M. C.), Di Forti, M. (Marta), Díez-Revuelta, Á. (Álvaro), Hall, J. (Jeremy), Hall, M.-H. (Mei-Hua), Iyegbe, C. (Conrad), Jablensky, A. (Assen), Kahn, R. (René), Kalaydjieva, L. (Luba), Kravariti, E. (Eugenia), Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Luykx, J.J. (Jurjen J.), Mata, I. (Igancio), McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), McQuillin, A. (Andrew), Muir, R. (Rebecca), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Picchioni, M. (Marco), Prata, D.P. (Diana P.), Ranlund, S. (Siri), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Rutten, B.P.F., Schulze, K. (Katja), Shaikh, M. (Madiha), Schirmbeck, F. (Frederike), Simons, C.J.P. (Claudia J. P.), Toulopoulou, T. (Timothea), Amelsvoort, T.A.M.J. (Therese) van, van Haren, N. (Neeltje), Os, J. (Jim) van, van Winkel, R. (Ruud), Vassos, E. (Evangelos), Walshe, M. (Muriel), Weisbrod, M. (Matthias), Zartaloudi, E. (Eirini), Bell, V. (Vaughan), Powell, J. (John), Lewis, C.M. (Cathryn), Murray, R.M. (Robin M.), Bramon, E. (Elvira), Thygesen, J.H. (Johan H.), Presman, A. (Amelia), Harju-Seppänen, J. (Jasmine), Irizar, H. (Haritz), Jones, R. (Rebecca), Kuchenbaecker, K.B. (Karoline), Lin, K. (Kuang), Alizadeh, B.Z. (Behrooz), Austin-Zimmerman, I. (Isabelle), Bartels-Velthuis, A. (Agna), Bhat, A. (Anjali), Bruggeman, R. (Richard), Cahn, W. (Wiepke), Calafato, S. (Stella), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), de Haan, L. (Liewe), de Zwarte, S.M.C. (Sonja M. C.), Di Forti, M. (Marta), Díez-Revuelta, Á. (Álvaro), Hall, J. (Jeremy), Hall, M.-H. (Mei-Hua), Iyegbe, C. (Conrad), Jablensky, A. (Assen), Kahn, R. (René), Kalaydjieva, L. (Luba), Kravariti, E. (Eugenia), Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Luykx, J.J. (Jurjen J.), Mata, I. (Igancio), McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), McQuillin, A. (Andrew), Muir, R. (Rebecca), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Picchioni, M. (Marco), Prata, D.P. (Diana P.), Ranlund, S. (Siri), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Rutten, B.P.F., Schulze, K. (Katja), Shaikh, M. (Madiha), Schirmbeck, F. (Frederike), Simons, C.J.P. (Claudia J. P.), Toulopoulou, T. (Timothea), Amelsvoort, T.A.M.J. (Therese) van, van Haren, N. (Neeltje), Os, J. (Jim) van, van Winkel, R. (Ruud), Vassos, E. (Evangelos), Walshe, M. (Muriel), Weisbrod, M. (Matthias), Zartaloudi, E. (Eirini), Bell, V. (Vaughan), Powell, J. (John), Lewis, C.M. (Cathryn), Murray, R.M. (Robin M.), and Bramon, E. (Elvira)

Abstract

The burden of large and rare copy number genetic variants (CNVs) as well as certain specific CNVs increase the risk of developing schizophrenia. Several cognitive measures are purported schizophrenia endophenotypes and may represent an intermediate point between genetics and the illness. This paper investigates the influence of CNVs on cognition. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature exploring the effect of CNV burden on general intelligence. We included ten primary studies with a total of 18,847 participants and found no evidence of association. In a new psychosis family study, we investigated the effects of CNVs on specific cognitive abilities. We examined the burden of large and rare CNVs (>200 kb, <1% MAF) as well as known schizophrenia-associated CNVs in patients with psychotic disorders, their unaffected relatives and controls (N = 3428) from the Psychosis Endophenotypes International Consortium (PEIC). The carriers of specific schizophrenia-associated CNVs showed poorer performance than non-carriers in immediate (P = 0.0036) and delayed (P = 0.0115) verbal recall. We found suggestive evidence that carriers of schizophrenia-associated CNVs had poorer block design performance (P = 0.0307). We do not find any association between CNV burden and cognition. Our findings show that the known high-risk CNVs are not only associated with schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disorders, but are also a contributing factor to impairment in cognitive domains such as memory and perceptual reasoning, and act as intermediate biomarkers of disease risk.

Published
2020
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38. NIBS2020 poster Q+A.

Author

Bito, K., Faircloth, D., Gamba, D., Heiler, A., Hernandez, J., Huh, S., Kisaki, M., Lawrie, S., Li, Z., Shi, C., Shimabukuro, Y., Wang, J., Wang, N., Wang, R., and Xu, Y.

Subjects
POSTER presentations, POSTERS, MANUSCRIPTS
Abstract

This manuscript groups together all the text based Questions and Answers (Q+A) from the poster presentations at NIBS2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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39. Controlling the shape of the ISIS H− penning ion source beam pulse.

Author

Sarmento, T., Tarvainen, O., Abel, R., Lawrie, S., Macgregor, J., Cahill, C., Wood, T., Whitehead, M., Adams, D., and Faircloth, D.

Subjects
ION sources, ION beams, HYDROGEN ions, ANIONS, PHENOMENOLOGICAL theory (Physics), MUONS, PLASMA beam injection heating
Abstract

The Penning ion source serving the ISIS Pulsed Spallation Neutron and Muon facility routinely delivers 55 mA beam of negative hydrogen ions (H−) in 250 µs pulses at 50 Hz repetition rate. The Front End Test Stand (FETS) specifications require 60 mA, 2 ms, pulses at 50 Hz. Extending the ion source discharge pulse length to 2.2 ms will need overcome the observed beam current droop caused by thermal transients in long pulse operation. Recent experiments at 25 Hz have demonstrated square 60 mA beam pulses up to 1.2 ms with the permanent magnet version of the ISIS source and 100 mA pulses up to 1.65 ms with the same source equipped with a double-width extraction slit. Droop was compensated by ramping up the discharge current during the beam pulse. The physical phenomena underlying the droop and its countermeasures are discussed, and further technical developments that are necessary to reach the FETS specifications are described. In addition, various experimental shapes of the ion source discharge pulses and H− beam pulses were achieved by controlling the ion source discharge current and accelerated through the ISIS 70 MeV linac. The technique allows almost arbitrary shaping of the H− beam pulses for injection studies into the 800 MeV rapid cycling proton synchrotron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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40. Genetic architecture of subcortical brain structures in 38,851 individuals

Author

SATIZABAL, C. L., ADAMS, H. H. H., HIBAR, D. P., WHITE, C. C., KNOL, M. J., STEIN, J. L., Scholz, M., Sargurupremraj, Muralidharan, JAHANSHAD, N., ROSHCHUPKIN, G. V., SMITH, A. V., BIS, J. C., JIAN, X., LUCIANO, M., Hofer, E., TEUMER, A., VAN DER LEE, S. J., Yang, J., YANEK, L. R., LEE, T. V., Li, S., Hu, Y., KOH, J. Y., EICHER, J. D., DESRIVIERES, S., ARIAS-VASQUEZ, A., Chauhan, G., ATHANASIU, L., RENTERIA, M. E., Kim, S., HOEHN, D., ARMSTRONG, N. J., Chen, Q., HOLMES, A. J., DEN BRABER, A., KLOSZEWSKA, I., Andersson, M., ESPESETH, T., Grimm, O., ABRAMOVIC, L., ALHUSAINI, S., MILANESCHI, Y., PAPMEYER, M., AXELSSON, T., Ehrlich, S., ROIZ-SANTIANEZ, R., KRAEMER, B., HABERG, A. K., JONES, H. J., Pike, G. B., STEIN, D. J., Stevens, A., BRALTEN, J., VERNOOIJ, M. W., HARRIS, T. B., FILIPPI, I., WITTE, A. V., Guadalupe, T., WITTFELD, K., MOSLEY, T. H., BECKER, J. T., DOAN, N. T., HAGENAARS, S. P., SABA, Y., CUELLAR-PARTIDA, G., Amin, N., HILAL, S., NHO, K., MIRZA-SCHREIBER, N., ARFANAKIS, K., BECKER, D. M., Ames, D., GOLDMAN, A. L., LEE, P. H., Boomsma, D. I., LOVESTONE, S., GIDDALURU, S., LE HELLARD, S., Mattheisen, M., BOHLKEN, M. M., KASPERAVICIUTE, D., SCHMAAL, L., LAWRIE, S. M., Agartz, I., Walton, E., TORDESILLAS-GUTIERREZ, D., DAVIES, G. E., Shin, J., IPSER, J. C., VINKE, L. N., HOOGMAN, M., Jia, T., BURKHARDT, R., Klein, M., Crivello, Fabrice, JANOWITZ, D., CARMICHAEL, O., HAUKVIK, U. K., ARIBISALA, B. S., Schmidt, H., STRIKE, L. T., CHENG, C. Y., RISACHER, S. L., PUTZ, B., FLEISCHMAN, D. A., ASSAREH, A. A., MATTAY, V. S., BUCKNER, R. L., MECOCCI, P., DALE, A. M., Cichon, S., BOKS, M. P., MATARIN, M., PENNINX, Bwjh, CALHOUN, V. D., CHAKRAVARTY, M. M., MARQUAND, A. F., MACARE, C., KHARABIAN MASOULEH, S., OOSTERLAAN, J., Amouyel, P., HEGENSCHEID, K., ROTTER, J. I., SCHORK, A. J., LIEWALD, D. C. M., DE ZUBICARAY, G. I., WONG, T. Y., Shen, L., SAMANN, P. G., BRODATY, H., ROFFMAN, J. L., DE GEUS, E. J. C., TSOLAKI, M., ERK, S., VAN EIJK, K. R., CAVALLERI, G. L., VAN DER WEE, N. J. A., MCINTOSH, A. M., GOLLUB, R. L., BULAYEVA, K. B., Bernard, M., RICHARDS, J. S., HIMALI, J. J., Loeffler, M., ROMMELSE, N., Hoffmann, W., WESTLYE, L. T., VALDES HERNANDEZ, M. C., HANSELL, N. K., VAN ERP, T. G. M., Wolf, C., KWOK, J. B. J., Vellas, B., Heinz, A., OLDE LOOHUIS, L. M., DELANTY, N., HO, B. C., CHING, C. R. K., SHUMSKAYA, E., Singh, B., Hofman, A., VAN DER MEER, D., Homuth, G., PSATY, B. M., BASTIN, M. E., MONTGOMERY, G. W., FOROUD, T. M., REPPERMUND, S., HOTTENGA, J. J., Simmons, A., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Cahn, W., WHELAN, C. D., VAN DONKELAAR, M. M. J., Yang, Q., HOSTEN, N., GREEN, R. C., THALAMUTHU, A., MOHNKE, S., HULSHOFF POL, H. E., Lin, H., JACK, C. R., Jr., SCHOFIELD, P. R., MUHLEISEN, T. W., MAILLARD, P., POTKIN, S. G., Wen, W., FLETCHER, E., TOGA, A. W., Gruber, O., HUENTELMAN, M., DAVEY SMITH, G., LAUNER, L. J., Nyberg, L., JONSSON, E. G., CRESPO-FACORRO, B., KOEN, N., GREVE, D. N., UITTERLINDEN, A. G., WEINBERGER, D. R., STEEN, V. M., FEDKO, I. O., GROENEWOLD, N. A., Niessen, W. J., TORO, R., Tzourio, Christophe, LONGSTRETH, W. T., Jr., SMOLLER, J. W., VAN TOL, M. J., SUSSMANN, J. E., PAUS, T., Lemaitre, H., SCHROETER, M. L., Mazoyer, B., ANDREASSEN, O. A., Holsboer, F., DEPONDT, C., VELTMAN, D. J., Turner, J. A., PAUSOVA, Z., Schumann, G., Van Rooij, D., Djurovic, S., DEARY, I. J., MCMAHON, K. L., MULLER-MYHSOK, B., BROUWER, R. M., Soininen, H., Pandolfo, M., WASSINK, T. H., CHEUNG, J. W., WOLFERS, T., MARTINOT, J. L., ZWIERS, M. P., Nauck, M., Melle, I., Martin, N. G., Kanai, R., WESTMAN, E., KAHN, R. S., Sisodiya, S. M., White, T., SAREMI, A., van Bokhoven, H., Brunner, H. G., VOLZKE, H., WRIGHT, M. J., VAN 'T ENT, D., NOTHEN, M. M., OPHOFF, R. A., BUITELAAR, J. K., Fernandez, G., SACHDEV, P. S., Rietschel, M., VAN HAREN, N. E. M., Fisher, S. E., BEISER, A. S., Francks, C., SAYKIN, A. J., MATHER, K. A., ROMANCZUK-SEIFERTH, N., HARTMAN, C. A., DeStefano, A. L., HESLENFELD, D. J., WEINER, M. W., Walter, H., HOEKSTRA, P. J., NYQUIST, P. A., Franke, B., BENNETT, D. A., Grabe, H. J., JOHNSON, A. D., Chen, C., VAN DUIJN, C. M., LOPEZ, O. L., FORNAGE, M., WARDLAW, J. M., Schmidt, R., DeCarli, C., DE JAGER, P. L., VILLRINGER, A., Debette, Stephanie, GUDNASON, V., Medland, S. E., SHULMAN, J. M., THOMPSON, P. M., SESHADRI, S., IKRAM, M. K., Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Neurosciences cognitives et intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-SFR Bordeaux Neurosciences-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
nervous system, VINTAGE, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, HEALTHY
Abstract

Subcortical brain structures are integral to motion, consciousness, emotions and learning. We identified common genetic variation related to the volumes of the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, brainstem, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen and thalamus, using genome-wide association analyses in almost 40,000 individuals from CHARGE, ENIGMA and UK Biobank. We show that variability in subcortical volumes is heritable, and identify 48 significantly associated loci (40 novel at the time of analysis). Annotation of these loci by utilizing gene expression, methylation and neuropathological data identified 199 genes putatively implicated in neurodevelopment, synaptic signaling, axonal transport, apoptosis, inflammation/infection and susceptibility to neurological disorders. This set of genes is significantly enriched for Drosophila orthologs associated with neurodevelopmental phenotypes, suggesting evolutionarily conserved mechanisms. Our findings uncover novel biology and potential drug targets underlying brain development and disease.

Published
2019
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41. The Association between familial risk and brain abnormalities Is disease specific: an ENIGMA-relatives study of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Author

Zwarte, S. M. C., Brouwer, R. M., Agartz, I., Alda, M., Aleman, A., Alpert, K. I., Bearden, C. E., Bertolino, A., Bois, C., Bonvino, A., Bramon, E., Buimer, E., Cahn, W., Cannon, D. M., Cannon, T. D., Caseras, X., Castro-Fornieles, J., Chen, Q., Serna, E., Giorgio, A. D., Doucet, G., Eker, M. C., Erk, S., Fears, S., Foley, S., Frangou, S., Frankland, A., Fullerton, J., Glahn, D., Goghari, V., Goldman, A., Gonul, A., Gruber, O., Haan, L., Hajek, T., Hawkins, E., Heinz, A., Hillegers, M., Pol, H., Hultman, C., Ingvar, M., Johansson, V., Jönsson, E., Kane, K., Kempton, M., Koenis, M., Kopecek, M., Krabbendam, L., Krämer, B., Lawrie, S., Lenroot, R., Marcelis, M., Marsman, J-B, Mattay, V., McDonald, C., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Michielse, S., Mitchell, P., Moreno, D., Murray, R., Mwangi, B., Najt, P., Neilson, E., Newport, J., Os, J., Overs, B., Özerdem, A., Picchioni, M., Richter, A., Roberts, G., Aydoğan, A. S., Schofield, P., Şimşek, F., Soares, J., Sugranyes, G., Toulopoulou, Timothea, Tronchin, G., Walter, H., Wang, L., Weinberger, D., Whalley, H., Yalın, N., Andreassen, O., Ching, C., Erp, T., Turner, J., Jahanshad, N., Thompson, P., Kahn, R., Haren, N., and Toulopoulou, Timothea

Subjects
Meta-analysis, Familial riskImaging, Bipolar disorder, Neurodevelopment, Schizophrenia
Abstract

Background Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share genetic liability, and some structural brain abnormalities are common to both conditions. First-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia (FDRs-SZ) show similar brain abnormalities to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. Imaging findings in first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder (FDRs-BD) have been inconsistent in the past, but recent studies report regionally greater volumes compared with control subjects. Methods We performed a meta-analysis of global and subcortical brain measures of 6008 individuals (1228 FDRs-SZ, 852 FDRs-BD, 2246 control subjects, 1016 patients with schizophrenia, 666 patients with bipolar disorder) from 34 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts with standardized methods. Analyses were repeated with a correction for intracranial volume (ICV) and for the presence of any psychopathology in the relatives and control subjects. Results FDRs-BD had significantly larger ICV (d = +0.16, q < .05 corrected), whereas FDRs-SZ showed smaller thalamic volumes than control subjects (d = −0.12, q < .05 corrected). ICV explained the enlargements in the brain measures in FDRs-BD. In FDRs-SZ, after correction for ICV, total brain, cortical gray matter, cerebral white matter, cerebellar gray and white matter, and thalamus volumes were significantly smaller; the cortex was thinner (d < −0.09, q < .05 corrected); and third ventricle was larger (d = +0.15, q < .05 corrected). The findings were not explained by psychopathology in the relatives or control subjects. Conclusions Despite shared genetic liability, FDRs-SZ and FDRs-BD show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities, specifically a divergent effect in ICV. This may imply that the neurodevelopmental trajectories leading to brain anomalies in schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are distinct.

Published
2019

42. Exploring healthcare professionals' perceptions of diet and exercise as a form of symptom management in Parkinson's Disease.

Author

Calladine, A., Coe, S., Daly, A., and Lawrie, S.

Abstract

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, a region of the brain that controls movement, are lost over time (1). This results in motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia, and non-motor symptoms such as depression (2). Evidence- based resources and programmes utilising exercise for symptom management are widely available (3). However, despite emerging evidence showing that diet changes can improve quality of life and reduce disease severity (4), there are few dietary guidelines and programmes. This study aims to address a current literature gap in qualitative studies assessing the opinions of healthcare professionals (HCPs) towards diet and exercise in PD care, and to identify barriers and facilitators of this in care. A qualitative design was used to assess the views and beliefs of HCPs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted via telephone, using a topic guide developed by the research team, consisting of 20 questions. The data were analysed using the six-phase process of Reflexive Thematic analysis to determine key themes in the data (5). Five HCPs participated in this study. One main theme and two subthemes were identified. The main theme was that provisions of care and dietary advice are limited by a lack of knowledge of evidence- based, PD-specific, dietary guidelines. Subtheme 1 was that evidence-based exercise guidelines have been important facilitators in supporting care provision. Subtheme 2 was that lack of dietary guidance has been a barrier to optimum care provision and self-efficacy of HCPs. HCPs were less likely to discuss diet, due to barriers including lack of available resources or knowledge thereof, self-efficacy to recommend dietary changes, time constraints in the clinic, and less well-established referral pathways for dietitians. HCPs were unaware of the influence of diet in PD treatment, despite diet's impact on symptoms being discussed in clinic. However, HCPs agreed that evidence-based resources would benefit HCPs' practice, to improve symptom severity and nutritional status of patients. Exercise was more likely to be discussed, as evidence-based guidelines and empirical understanding meant HCPs were more aware of the beneficial effects on symptoms. While limited by small numbers, these findings suggest that a lack of knowledge, low self-efficacy, and time pressures mean that patients may not receive dietary guidelines which may be beneficial to their care. Self-efficacy of HCPs should be improved through PD-specific nutritional education, development and dissemination of PD-specific nutrition guidelines and resources. Future research should aim to determine the effectiveness of relevant dietary strategies' in managing and caring for PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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45. 10kin1day: A bottom-up neuroimaging initiative

Author

Heuvel, M. (Martijn) van den, Scholtens, L.H. (Lianne H.), Van Der Burgh, H.K. (Hannelore K.), Agosta, F. (Federica), Alloza, C. (Clara), Arango, C. (Celso), Auyeung, B. (Bonnie), Baron-Cohen, S. (Simon), Basaia, S. (Silvia), Benders, J. (Jos), Beyer, F. (Frauke), Booij, L. (Linda), Braun, K.P.J. (Kees P.J.), Filho, G.B. (Geraldo Busatto), Cahn, W. (Wiepke), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), Chaim-Avancini, T.M. (Tiffany M.), Chan, S.S.M. (Sandra S.M.), Chen, E.Y.H. (Eric Y.H.), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Crone, E.A. (Eveline), Dannlowski, U. (Udo), De Zwarte, S.M.C. (Sonja M.C.), Dietsche, B. (Bruno), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Plessis, S.D. (Stefan Du), Durston, S. (Sarah), Díaz-Caneja, C.M. (Covadonga M.), Díaz-Zuluaga, A.M. (Ana M.), Emsley, R. (Robin), Filippi, M. (Massimo), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Gorges, M. (Martin), Graff, B. (Beata), Grotegerd, D. (Dominik), Gąsecki, D. (Dariusz), Hall, J.M. (Julie M.), Holleran, L. (Laurena), Holt, R. (Rosemary), Hopman, H.J. (Helene J.), Jansen, A. (Andreas), Janssen, J. (Joost), Jodzio, K. (Krzysztof), Jäncke, L. (Lutz), Kaleda, V.G. (Vasiliy G.), Kassubek, J. (Jan), Masouleh, S.K. (Shahrzad Kharabian), Kircher, T. (Tilo), Koevoets, M.G.J.C. (Martijn G.J.C.), Kostic, V.S. (Vladimir S.), Krug, A. (Axel), Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Lebedeva, I.S. (Irina S.), Lee, E.H.M. (Edwin H.M.), Lett, T.A. (Tristram A.), Lewis, S.J.G. (Simon J.G.), Liem, F. (Franziskus), Lombardo, M.V. (Michael V.), Lopez-Jaramillo, C. (Carlos), Margulies, D.S. (Daniel S.), Markett, S. (Sebastian), Marques, P. (Paulo), Martínez-Zalacaín, I. (Ignacio), McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), McPhilemy, G. (Genevieve), Meinert, S.L. (Susanne L.), Menchón, J.M. (José M.), Montag, C. (Christian), Moreira, P.S. (Pedro S.), Morgado, P. (Pedro), Mothersill, D.O. (David O.), Mérillat, S. (Susan), Müller, H.-P. (Hans-Peter), Nabulsi, L. (Leila), Najt, P. (Pablo), Narkiewicz, K. (Krzysztof), Naumczyk, P. (Patrycja), Oranje, B. (Bob), De la Foz, V.O.-G. (Victor Ortiz-Garcia), Peper, J.S. (Jiska S.), Pineda, J.A. (Julian A.), Rasser, P.E. (Paul E.), Redlich, R. (Ronny), Repple, J. (Jonathan), Reuter, M. (Martin), Rosa, P.G.P. (Pedro G.P.), Ruigrok, A.N.V. (Amber N.V.), Sabisz, A. (Agnieszka), Schall, U. (Ulrich), Seedat, S. (Soraya), Serpa, M.H. (Mauricio H.), Skouras, S. (Stavros), Soriano-Mas, C. (Carles), Sousa, N. (Nuno), Szurowska, E. (Edyta), Tomyshev, A.S. (Alexander S.), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Valk, S.L. (Sofie L.), Berg, L.H. (Leonard) van den, Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Van Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E.M.), Van Leeuwen, J.M.C. (Judith M.C.), Villringer, A. (Arno), Vinkers, C.H., Vollmar, C. (Christian), Waller, L. (Lea), Walter, H. (Henrik), Whalley, H.C. (Heather C.), Witkowska, M. (Marta), Witte, A.V. (A. Veronica), Zanetti, M.V. (Marcus V.), Zhang, R. (Rui), De Lange, S.C. (Siemon C.), Heuvel, M. (Martijn) van den, Scholtens, L.H. (Lianne H.), Van Der Burgh, H.K. (Hannelore K.), Agosta, F. (Federica), Alloza, C. (Clara), Arango, C. (Celso), Auyeung, B. (Bonnie), Baron-Cohen, S. (Simon), Basaia, S. (Silvia), Benders, J. (Jos), Beyer, F. (Frauke), Booij, L. (Linda), Braun, K.P.J. (Kees P.J.), Filho, G.B. (Geraldo Busatto), Cahn, W. (Wiepke), Cannon, D.M. (Dara), Chaim-Avancini, T.M. (Tiffany M.), Chan, S.S.M. (Sandra S.M.), Chen, E.Y.H. (Eric Y.H.), Crespo-Facorro, B. (Benedicto), Crone, E.A. (Eveline), Dannlowski, U. (Udo), De Zwarte, S.M.C. (Sonja M.C.), Dietsche, B. (Bruno), Donohoe, D.J. (Dennis), Plessis, S.D. (Stefan Du), Durston, S. (Sarah), Díaz-Caneja, C.M. (Covadonga M.), Díaz-Zuluaga, A.M. (Ana M.), Emsley, R. (Robin), Filippi, M. (Massimo), Frodl, T. (Thomas), Gorges, M. (Martin), Graff, B. (Beata), Grotegerd, D. (Dominik), Gąsecki, D. (Dariusz), Hall, J.M. (Julie M.), Holleran, L. (Laurena), Holt, R. (Rosemary), Hopman, H.J. (Helene J.), Jansen, A. (Andreas), Janssen, J. (Joost), Jodzio, K. (Krzysztof), Jäncke, L. (Lutz), Kaleda, V.G. (Vasiliy G.), Kassubek, J. (Jan), Masouleh, S.K. (Shahrzad Kharabian), Kircher, T. (Tilo), Koevoets, M.G.J.C. (Martijn G.J.C.), Kostic, V.S. (Vladimir S.), Krug, A. (Axel), Lawrie, S. (Stephen), Lebedeva, I.S. (Irina S.), Lee, E.H.M. (Edwin H.M.), Lett, T.A. (Tristram A.), Lewis, S.J.G. (Simon J.G.), Liem, F. (Franziskus), Lombardo, M.V. (Michael V.), Lopez-Jaramillo, C. (Carlos), Margulies, D.S. (Daniel S.), Markett, S. (Sebastian), Marques, P. (Paulo), Martínez-Zalacaín, I. (Ignacio), McDonald, C. (Colm), McIntosh, A.M. (Andrew), McPhilemy, G. (Genevieve), Meinert, S.L. (Susanne L.), Menchón, J.M. (José M.), Montag, C. (Christian), Moreira, P.S. (Pedro S.), Morgado, P. (Pedro), Mothersill, D.O. (David O.), Mérillat, S. (Susan), Müller, H.-P. (Hans-Peter), Nabulsi, L. (Leila), Najt, P. (Pablo), Narkiewicz, K. (Krzysztof), Naumczyk, P. (Patrycja), Oranje, B. (Bob), De la Foz, V.O.-G. (Victor Ortiz-Garcia), Peper, J.S. (Jiska S.), Pineda, J.A. (Julian A.), Rasser, P.E. (Paul E.), Redlich, R. (Ronny), Repple, J. (Jonathan), Reuter, M. (Martin), Rosa, P.G.P. (Pedro G.P.), Ruigrok, A.N.V. (Amber N.V.), Sabisz, A. (Agnieszka), Schall, U. (Ulrich), Seedat, S. (Soraya), Serpa, M.H. (Mauricio H.), Skouras, S. (Stavros), Soriano-Mas, C. (Carles), Sousa, N. (Nuno), Szurowska, E. (Edyta), Tomyshev, A.S. (Alexander S.), Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D. (Diana), Valk, S.L. (Sofie L.), Berg, L.H. (Leonard) van den, Erp, T.G.M. (Theo G.) van, Van Haren, N.E.M. (Neeltje E.M.), Van Leeuwen, J.M.C. (Judith M.C.), Villringer, A. (Arno), Vinkers, C.H., Vollmar, C. (Christian), Waller, L. (Lea), Walter, H. (Henrik), Whalley, H.C. (Heather C.), Witkowska, M. (Marta), Witte, A.V. (A. Veronica), Zanetti, M.V. (Marcus V.), Zhang, R. (Rui), and De Lange, S.C. (Siemon C.)

Abstract

We organized 10Kin1day, a pop-up scientific event with the goal to bring together neuroimaging groups from around the world to jointly analyze 10,000+ existing MRI connectivity datasets during a 3-day workshop. In this report, we describe the motivation and principles of 10Kin1day, together with a public release of 8,000+ MRI connectome maps of the human brain. Ongoing grand-scale projects like the European Human Brain Project (1), the US Brain Initiative (2), the Human Connectome Project (3), the Chinese Brainnetome (4) and exciting world-wide neuroimaging collaborations such as ENIGMA (5) herald the new era of big neuroscience. In conjunction with these major undertakings, there is an emerging trend for bottom-up initiatives, starting with small-scale projects built upon existing collaborations and infrastructures. As described by Mainen et al. (6), these initiatives are centralized around self-organized groups of researchers working on the same challenges and sharing interests and specialized expertise. These projects could scale and open up to a larger audience and other disciplines over time, eventually lining up and merging their findings with other programs to make the bigger picture.

Published
2019
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46. AQUAJET: an Electrodeless ECR Water Thruster

Author

Staab, D., Frey, A., Garbayo, A., Shadbolt, L., Lucca Fabris, Andrea, Gurciullo, Antonio, Grondein, Pascaline, Moloney, Rachel, Faircloth, D., and Lawrie, S.

Abstract

We present the AQUAJET propulsion system, a cathodeless, ambipolar thruster test bed operating on multiple propellants including water. It is based on Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) at 2.45 GHz using a simple permanent magnet configuration of the plasma source. We discuss the theoretical background of the technology, our flexible modular design that allows testing of many thruster geometry configurations, and modelling work done in preparation for testing.

Published
2018

47. Understanding the plasma and improving extraction of the ISIS Penning H- ions source

Author

Lawrie, S, Burrows, P, McAdams, R, Seryi, A, Faircloth, D, and Letchford, A

Subjects
Plasma (Ionized gases), Ion sources, Particle accelerators, Ion extraction
Abstract

A Penning-type surface-plasma negative hydrogen (H-) ion source has been delivering beam at the ISIS pulsed spallation neutron and muon facility for over thirty years. It is one of the most powerful and well-renowned H- sources in the world. Although long-term experience has allowed the source to be operated reliably and set up in a repeatable way, it is treated as something of a 'black box': the detailed plasma physics of why it works has always been unclear. A vacuum Vessel for Extraction and Source Plasma Analyses (VESPA) has been developed to understand the ISIS ion source plasma and improve the beam extracted from it. The VESPA ion source is operated in a completely new regime whereby the analysing sector dipole magnet housed inside a refrigerated 'cold box', presently used on ISIS, is replaced by an on-axis extraction system. The new extraction system incorporates a novel einzel lens with an elliptical aperture. This is the first demonstration of an elliptical einzel being used to focus an asymmetric H- ion beam. With the dipole magnet removed, the ion source has been shown to produce 85 mA of H- beam current at normal settings; of which 80 mA is transported through the new einzel lens system, with a normalised RMS emittance of 0.2 π mm mrad. Optical emission spectroscopy measurements have shown a plasma density of 1019 m–3, an H2 dissociation rate of 70%, an almost constant electron temperature of 3.5 eV and an atomic temperature which linearly increases above the electron temperature. In support of these principal measurements, rigorous particle tracking, electrostatic and thermal simulations were performed. In addition, a suite of new equipment was manufactured by the author. This includes a fast pressure gauge, a temperature controller, a high voltage einzel lens circuit, a fast beam chopper and a caesium detection system.

Published
2017

48. Positive symptoms associate with cortical thinning in the superior temporal gyrus via the enigma schizophrenia consortium

Author

Walton, E., Hibar, D. P., van Erp, T. G M, Potkin, S. G., Roiz-Santiañez, R., Crespo-Facorro, B., Suarez-Pinilla, P., Van Haren, N. E M, de Zwarte, S. M C, Kahn, R. S., Cahn, W., Doan, N. T., Jørgensen, K. N., Gurholt, T. P., Agartz, I., Andreassen, O. A., Westlye, L. T., Melle, I., Berg, A. O., Mørch-Johnsen, L., Færden, A., Flyckt, L., Fatouros-Bergman, H., Jönsson, E. G., Hashimoto, R., Yamamori, H., Fukunaga, M., Preda, A., De Rossi, P., Piras, F., Banaj, N., Ciullo, V., Spalletta, G., Gur, R. E., Gur, R. C., Wolf, D. H., Satterthwaite, T. D., Beard, L. M., Sommer, I. E., Koops, S., Gruber, O., Richter, A., Krämer, B., Kelly, S., Donohoe, G., McDonald, C., Cannon, D. M., Corvin, A., Gill, M., Di Giorgio, A., Bertolino, A., Lawrie, S., Nickson, T., Whalley, H. C., Neilson, E., Calhoun, V. D., Thompson, P. M., Turner, J. A., Ehrlich, S., Farde, L., Engberg, G., Erhardt, S., Cervenka, S., Schwieler, L., Piehl, F., Ikonen, P., Collste, K., Orhan, F., Malmqvist, A., and Hedberg, M.

Subjects
Male, genetic structures, Planum temporale, FreeSurfer, Audiology, Brain mapping, Superior temporal gyrus, 0302 clinical medicine, enigma, Prospective Studies, psychosis, bipolar disorder, Brain Mapping, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, positive and negative syndrome scale, ENIGMA, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Temporal Lobe, Multicenter Study, Psychiatry and Mental health, superior temporal gyrus, Schizophrenia, cerebral-cortex, Female, Schizophrenic Psychology, auditory verbal hallucinations, Psychology, comprehension, MRI, freesurfer, metaanalysis, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Psychosis, cortical thickness, positive symptoms, scale for the assessment of positive symptoms, schizophrenia, Humans, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychiatry and Mental Health, 1st-episode schizophrenia, behavioral disciplines and activities, Article, Temporal lobe, 03 medical and health sciences, Journal Article, medicine, Bipolar disorder, Psychiatry, mri, medicine.disease, thickness, 030227 psychiatry, planum temporale, 1st episode schizophrenia, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Meta-Analysis
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Based on the role of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) in auditory processing, language comprehension and self-monitoring, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between STG cortical thickness and positive symptom severity in schizophrenia.METHOD: This prospective meta-analysis includes data from 1987 individuals with schizophrenia collected at seventeen centres around the world that contribute to the ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group. STG thickness measures were extracted from T1-weighted brain scans using FreeSurfer. The study performed a meta-analysis of effect sizes across sites generated by a model predicting left or right STG thickness with a positive symptom severity score (harmonized SAPS or PANSS-positive scores), while controlling for age, sex and site. Secondary models investigated relationships between antipsychotic medication, duration of illness, overall illness severity, handedness and STG thickness.RESULTS: Positive symptom severity was negatively related to STG thickness in both hemispheres (left: βstd = -0.052; P = 0.021; right: βstd = -0.073; P = 0.001) when statistically controlling for age, sex and site. This effect remained stable in models including duration of illness, antipsychotic medication or handedness.CONCLUSION: Our findings further underline the important role of the STG in hallmark symptoms in schizophrenia. These findings can assist in advancing insight into symptom-relevant pathophysiological mechanisms in schizophrenia.

Published
2017
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50. Widespread white matter microstructural differences in schizophrenia across 4322 individuals: results from the ENIGMA Schizophrenia DTI Working Group

Author

Kelly, S., Jahanshad, N., Zalesky, A., Kochunov, P., Agartz, I., Alloza, C., Andreassen, O.A., Arango, C., Banaj, N., Bouix, S., Bousman, C.A., Brouwer, R.M., Bruggemann, J., Bustillo, J., Cahn, W., Calhoun, V., Cannon, D., Carr, V., Catts, S., Chen, J., Chen, J.X., Chen, X, Chiapponi, C., Cho, K.K., Ciullo, V., Corvin, A.S., Crespo-Facorro, B., Cropley, V., Rossi, P., Diaz-Caneja, C.M., Dickie, E.W., Ehrlich, S., Fan, F.M., Faskowitz, J., Fatouros-Bergman, H., Flyckt, L., Ford, J.M., Fouche, J.P., Fukunaga, M., Gill, M., Glahn, D.C., Gollub, R., Goudzwaard, E.D., Guo, H, Gur, R.E., Gur, R.C., Gurholt, T.P., Hashimoto, R., Hatton, S.N., Henskens, F.A., Hibar, D.P., Hickie, I.B., Hong, L.E., Horacek, J., Howells, F.M., Pol, H.E., Hyde, C.L., Isaev, D., Jablensky, A., Jansen, P.R., Janssen, J, Jonsson, E.G., Jung, L.A., Kahn, R.S., Kikinis, Z., Liu, K, Klauser, P., Knochel, C., Kubicki, M., Lagopoulos, J., Langen, C., Lawrie, S., Lenroot, R.K., Lim, K.O., Lopez-Jaramillo, C., Lyall, A., Magnotta, V., Mandl, R.C.W., Mathalon, D.H., McCarley, R.W., McCarthy-Jones, S., McDonald, C., McEwen, S., McIntosh, A., Melicher, T., Mesholam-Gately, R.I., Michie, P.T., Mowry, B., Mueller, B.A., Newell, D.T., O'Donnell, P., Oertel-Knochel, V., Oestreich, L., Paciga, S.A., Pantelis, C., Pasternak, O., Pearlson, G., Pellicano, G.R., Pereira, A., Zapata, J., Sprooten, E., Thompson, P.M., Donohoe, G., Kelly, S., Jahanshad, N., Zalesky, A., Kochunov, P., Agartz, I., Alloza, C., Andreassen, O.A., Arango, C., Banaj, N., Bouix, S., Bousman, C.A., Brouwer, R.M., Bruggemann, J., Bustillo, J., Cahn, W., Calhoun, V., Cannon, D., Carr, V., Catts, S., Chen, J., Chen, J.X., Chen, X, Chiapponi, C., Cho, K.K., Ciullo, V., Corvin, A.S., Crespo-Facorro, B., Cropley, V., Rossi, P., Diaz-Caneja, C.M., Dickie, E.W., Ehrlich, S., Fan, F.M., Faskowitz, J., Fatouros-Bergman, H., Flyckt, L., Ford, J.M., Fouche, J.P., Fukunaga, M., Gill, M., Glahn, D.C., Gollub, R., Goudzwaard, E.D., Guo, H, Gur, R.E., Gur, R.C., Gurholt, T.P., Hashimoto, R., Hatton, S.N., Henskens, F.A., Hibar, D.P., Hickie, I.B., Hong, L.E., Horacek, J., Howells, F.M., Pol, H.E., Hyde, C.L., Isaev, D., Jablensky, A., Jansen, P.R., Janssen, J, Jonsson, E.G., Jung, L.A., Kahn, R.S., Kikinis, Z., Liu, K, Klauser, P., Knochel, C., Kubicki, M., Lagopoulos, J., Langen, C., Lawrie, S., Lenroot, R.K., Lim, K.O., Lopez-Jaramillo, C., Lyall, A., Magnotta, V., Mandl, R.C.W., Mathalon, D.H., McCarley, R.W., McCarthy-Jones, S., McDonald, C., McEwen, S., McIntosh, A., Melicher, T., Mesholam-Gately, R.I., Michie, P.T., Mowry, B., Mueller, B.A., Newell, D.T., O'Donnell, P., Oertel-Knochel, V., Oestreich, L., Paciga, S.A., Pantelis, C., Pasternak, O., Pearlson, G., Pellicano, G.R., Pereira, A., Zapata, J., Sprooten, E., Thompson, P.M., and Donohoe, G.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 193179.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), The regional distribution of white matter (WM) abnormalities in schizophrenia remains poorly understood, and reported disease effects on the brain vary widely between studies. In an effort to identify commonalities across studies, we perform what we believe is the first ever large-scale coordinated study of WM microstructural differences in schizophrenia. Our analysis consisted of 2359 healthy controls and 1963 schizophrenia patients from 29 independent international studies; we harmonized the processing and statistical analyses of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data across sites and meta-analyzed effects across studies. Significant reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA) in schizophrenia patients were widespread, and detected in 20 of 25 regions of interest within a WM skeleton representing all major WM fasciculi. Effect sizes varied by region, peaking at (d=0.42) for the entire WM skeleton, driven more by peripheral areas as opposed to the core WM where regions of interest were defined. The anterior corona radiata (d=0.40) and corpus callosum (d=0.39), specifically its body (d=0.39) and genu (d=0.37), showed greatest effects. Significant decreases, to lesser degrees, were observed in almost all regions analyzed. Larger effect sizes were observed for FA than diffusivity measures; significantly higher mean and radial diffusivity was observed for schizophrenia patients compared with controls. No significant effects of age at onset of schizophrenia or medication dosage were detected. As the largest coordinated analysis of WM differences in a psychiatric disorder to date, the present study provides a robust profile of widespread WM abnormalities in schizophrenia patients worldwide. Interactive three-dimensional visualization of the results is available at www.enigma-viewer.org.

Published
2018

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