74 results on '"Latrodectism"'
Search Results
2. Human antibodies neutralizing the alpha-latrotoxin of the European black widow.
- Author
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Ruschig, Maximilian, Nerlich, Jana, Becker, Marlies, Meier, Doris, Polten, Saskia, Cervantes-Luevano, Karla, Kuhn, Philipp, Licea-Navarro, Alexei Fedorovish, Hallermann, Stefan, Dübel, Stefan, Schubert, Maren, Brown, Jeffrey, and Hust, Michael
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RECOMBINANT antibodies ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS ,MUSCLE rigidity ,ANAPHYLAXIS ,GENE libraries - Abstract
Poisoning by widow-spider (genus Latrodectus) bites occurs worldwide. The illness, termed latrodectism, can cause severe and persistent pain and can lead to muscle rigidity, respiratory complications, and cardiac problems. It is a global health challenge especially in developing countries. Equine serum-derived polyclonal anti-sera are commercially available as a medication for patients with latrodectism, but the use of sera imposes potential inherent risks related to its animal origin. The treatment may cause allergic reactions in humans (serum sickness), including anaphylactic shock. Furthermore, equine-derived antivenom is observed to have batch-to-batch variability and poor specificity, as it is always an undefined mix of antibodies. Because latrodectism can be extremely painful but is rarely fatal, the use of antivenom is controversial and only a small fraction of patients is treated. In this work, recombinant human antibodies were selected against alpha-latrotoxin of the European black widow (Latrodectus tredecimguttatus) by phage display from a naïve antibody gene library. AlphaLatrotoxin (α-LTX) binding scFv were recloned and produced as fully human IgG. A novel alamarBlue assay for venom neutralization was developed and used to select neutralizing IgGs. The human antibodies showed in vitro neutralization efficacy both as single antibodies and antibody combinations. This was also confirmed by electrophysiological measurements of neuronal activity in cell culture. The best neutralizing antibodies showed nanomolar affinities. Antibody MRU44–4-A1 showed outstanding neutralization efficacy and affinity to L. tredecimguttatus α-LTX. Interestingly, only two of the neutralizing antibodies showed cross-neutralization of the venom of the Southern black widow (Latrodectus mactans). This was unexpected, because in the current literature the alpha-latrotoxins are described as highly conserved. The here-engineered antibodies are candidates for future development as potential therapeutics and diagnostic tools, as they for the first time would provide unlimited supply of a chemically completely defined drug of constant quality and efficacy, which is also made without the use of animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Human antibodies neutralizing the alpha-latrotoxin of the European black widow
- Author
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Maximilian Ruschig, Jana Nerlich, Marlies Becker, Doris Meier, Saskia Polten, Karla Cervantes-Luevano, Philipp Kuhn, Alexei Fedorovish Licea-Navarro, Stefan Hallermann, Stefan Dübel, Maren Schubert, Jeffrey Brown, and Michael Hust
- Subjects
Latrodectus tredecimguttatus ,Latrodectus mactans ,toxin neutralization assay ,phage display ,recombinant antibodies ,latrodectism ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Poisoning by widow-spider (genus Latrodectus) bites occurs worldwide. The illness, termed latrodectism, can cause severe and persistent pain and can lead to muscle rigidity, respiratory complications, and cardiac problems. It is a global health challenge especially in developing countries. Equine serum-derived polyclonal anti-sera are commercially available as a medication for patients with latrodectism, but the use of sera imposes potential inherent risks related to its animal origin. The treatment may cause allergic reactions in humans (serum sickness), including anaphylactic shock. Furthermore, equine-derived antivenom is observed to have batch-to-batch variability and poor specificity, as it is always an undefined mix of antibodies. Because latrodectism can be extremely painful but is rarely fatal, the use of antivenom is controversial and only a small fraction of patients is treated. In this work, recombinant human antibodies were selected against alpha-latrotoxin of the European black widow (Latrodectus tredecimguttatus) by phage display from a naïve antibody gene library. Alpha-Latrotoxin (α-LTX) binding scFv were recloned and produced as fully human IgG. A novel alamarBlue assay for venom neutralization was developed and used to select neutralizing IgGs. The human antibodies showed in vitro neutralization efficacy both as single antibodies and antibody combinations. This was also confirmed by electrophysiological measurements of neuronal activity in cell culture. The best neutralizing antibodies showed nanomolar affinities. Antibody MRU44–4-A1 showed outstanding neutralization efficacy and affinity to L. tredecimguttatus α-LTX. Interestingly, only two of the neutralizing antibodies showed cross-neutralization of the venom of the Southern black widow (Latrodectus mactans). This was unexpected, because in the current literature the alpha-latrotoxins are described as highly conserved. The here-engineered antibodies are candidates for future development as potential therapeutics and diagnostic tools, as they for the first time would provide unlimited supply of a chemically completely defined drug of constant quality and efficacy, which is also made without the use of animals.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. First record of Latrodectus dahli Levi, 1959 the medically important spider species (Araneae: Theridiidae) and some data about it from Kashan County, Central Iran
- Author
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Dehghani, Rouhullah, Kassiri, Hamid, Kasiri, Arian, Mirbagheri, Kimia, and Shateri, Shayan
- Published
- 2023
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5. Pharmacokinetic Study Protocol of ANAWIDOW Lyophilized Powder for Solution for Intravenous Use in Fasting Conditions
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Rare Disease Therapeutics Inc.
- Published
- 2022
6. Evolution in the choice of therapies used to treat latrodectism: Redback spider antivenom or standard analgesic medications. Nothing to rave about.
- Author
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Sulaeman, Siba J and Graudins, Andis
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DRUG efficacy , *BITES & stings , *ANALGESICS , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *COMPARATIVE studies , *ANTIVENINS , *SPIDERS , *MEDICAL referrals , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *POSTOPERATIVE pain - Abstract
Objectives: Redback spider (RBS) antivenom (RBSAV) use appears to have decreased since the results of the RAVE‐2 antivenom efficacy study were released. The aims of this study were to assess change in RBSAV use over time and compare responses to treatment for antivenom and other analgesics. Methods: Retrospective audit of RBS bite referrals to a toxicology unit, from January 2010 to January 2022. Data included demographics, pain severity, treatment (analgesia or RBSAV), response to treatment, re‐presentation rate, adverse events, change in antivenom use over time. Results: Of 270 presentations, 157 with moderate or severe pain were included (RBSAV n = 51, analgesia n = 106). Median age was 39 years, n = 81 (51%) female. Those receiving antivenom were more likely to report severe pain n = 46/51 (84%) versus n = 68/106 (58%) (P = 0.006). Eighty‐three percent of antivenom doses were administered between 2010 and 2013. Analgesia‐only group received various combinations of paracetamol, NSAIDs, and opioids. In those receiving RBSAV, 17/48 (35%), 26/48 (54%), 5/48 (10%) reported a partial, complete or no reduction in pain, respectively, versus 30/77 (39%), 43/77 (58%) and 4/77 (5%), for analgesia‐only group. Post‐treatment pain was not recorded in three RBSAV and 28 analgesia‐only patients. Pain reduction was no different for intravenous and intramuscular antivenom. Re‐presentation for ongoing pain was more common in the analgesia‐only group, 16/106 (15%) versus 1/51 (2%) for antivenom (P = 0.013). Conclusion: Antivenom use fell over the study period. There was no difference in pain relief between RBSAV and analgesia‐only groups. RBSAV, regardless of route of administration, was no better than standard analgesics in pain reduction in the present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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7. Black Widow Spider Bite: 'Can’t We Just Get a Divorce?'
- Author
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Seidel, Annaliese G., Kaide, Colin G., Kaide, Colin G., editor, and San Miguel, Christopher E., editor
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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8. Spider bites in France: Epidaemiology of cases occurring in 10 years in metropolitan France.
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Le Roux, Gaël, Richard, Virginie, Larcher, Gérald, Sinno‐Tellier, Sandra, Labadie, Magali, de Haro, Luc, and Descatha, Alexis
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- *
SPIDERS , *ARACHNOPHOBIA , *POISON control centers , *LOXOSCELES - Abstract
Spiders are often wrongly designated as responsible for cutaneous eruptions. We aim to describe spider bites and the spider species implicated in metropolitan France. A retrospective observational study was conducted for all reported cases of spider bites from 2007 to 2018 extracted from the French Poison Control Centers (PCCs) information system, after exclusion of non‐native spiders. We described identification of the spider, level of certainty of the bite, symptoms and severity of cases. 1194 cases of spider bites met the inclusion criteria. The average age of the patients was 36.9 ± 19.8 years. Identification of the species or at least that a spider was implicated was only possible in 346 cases (29.0%). Loxosceles were involved in 53 cases (4.4%), Latrodectus in 46 cases (3.9%) and Cheiracanthium in 35 cases (2.9%). In one third of cases, the involved spider was not known to be present where the bite occurred. Where most of the patients (n = 1111, 93%) reported at least one cutaneous symptom, most of the symptoms were neurological. The bite was considered proven in only 242 cases (20%). Despite the efforts of arachnologists to educate the public, the fear of spiders is still alive in France, where spider bite is rare with low severity and often unproven. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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9. Black Widow Spider Antivenin for Patients With Systemic Latrodectism (BWSP3)
- Author
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Rare Disease Therapeutics Inc.
- Published
- 2018
10. Piqûres et morsures de fourmis, moustiques, taons, araignées, et autres arthropodes non-hyménoptères.
- Author
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Dauptain, P. and Schwartz, C.
- Abstract
En dehors des piqûres d'hyménoptères apidés et vespidés, des piqûres ou morsures de nombreux autres arthropodes peuvent donner lieu à des réactions cliniques, de mécanisme allergique ou toxique. Des anaphylaxies ont été décrites avec d'autres hyménoptères comme les fourmis (par exemple la « fourmi de feu » Solenopsis invicta), avec des diptères comme les moustiques et les taons, des hétéroptères comme certaines punaises (« kissing bug », « bed bug »). Parmi les arachnides, des anaphylaxies sont décrites avec certaines espèces de tiques (Ixodes ricinus , Argas reflexus). Un nombre très limité d'espèces d'aranéides (araignées) peut être à l'origine de réactions d'envenimation potentiellement sévères. Le nombre d'espèces dangereuses parmi les scorpions est plus important, mais concerne plutôt l'aspect envenimation que l'aspect immunoallergique de ces réactions. Le traitement des réactions d'envenimation est complexe et l'adrénaline n'y est pas au premier plan. D'autres insectes (simulies, culicoïdes), voire des larves d'insectes (chenilles de lépidoptères), peuvent entraîner des réactions inflammatoires et allergiques, en général peu sévères, utiles à connaître en tant que diagnostic différentiel. Les acariens arboricoles peuvent aussi être à l'origine de manifestations respiratoires proches de celles rencontrées avec les acariens domestiques. Apart from apidae and vespidae hymenoptera stings, many other arthropods can cause clinical reactions, due to allergic or toxic mechanisms. Anaphylactic reactions have been described after stings from other hymenoptera such as ants (for example « imported fire ant ») or bites from diptera (such as mosquitoes or horseflies), heteroptera such as some bugs ("kissing bug", "bed bug"). Among arachnids, anaphylactic reactions have been described after tick bites (Ixodes ricinus , Argas reflexus). A very limited number of spider species can cause potentially serious toxic reactions, which are more frequent among scorpions, rather by envenomation than by immunologic reactions. Treatment of venom toxic reactions is complex and adrenalin does not play the major role. Other insect bites (simuliidae, culicoïdes), even insect larvae (lepidoptera caterpillars) can cause inflammatory and allergic reactions, not very serious usually, but important for differential diagnosis. Spider mites can also be source of respiratory diseases similar to the house dust mites-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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11. Media framing of spiders may exacerbate arachnophobic sentiments
- Author
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Stefano Mammola, Veronica Nanni, Paolo Pantini, and Marco Isaia
- Subjects
arachnophobia ,emotional contagion ,envenomation ,facebook ,fake news ,latrodectism ,Human ecology. Anthropogeography ,GF1-900 ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Abstract Spiders are able to arouse strong emotional reactions in humans. While spider bites are statistically rare events, our perception is skewed towards the potential harm spiders can cause to humans. Nevertheless, there is still limited understanding of the role of the media in spreading (mis)information about them thereby promoting this distorted perception of risk. We examined the human dimension of spiders through the lens of traditional media, by analysing spider‐related news published online in Italian newspapers between 2010 and 2020 (n = 314). We assessed the accuracy, circulation and sensationalistic content of each article, and assessed how each of these features drove news' share on social media. We observed a recent, exponential increase in the frequency of the news, particularly those focused on medically important spiders—the Mediterranean black widow Latrodectus tredecimguttatus and the Mediterranean recluse Loxosceles rufescens. The news quality was generally poor: 70% contained different types of error, 32% were sensationalistic, and in virtually none was an expert consulted. The risk scenario depicted by the media reports was unnecessarily alarmist, especially with regard to L. rufescens. A conservative estimate would suggest that less than 10% of the bites reported in the media reports analysed here were delivered by the species described in the report. Moreover, two out of three casualties associated with a bite of the Mediterranean recluse were fake news, while the third was unverifiable. Overstated news referring to spider bites was shared significantly more on social media, thus contributing to frame a distorted perception of the risk. This is important given that these negative sentiments may ultimately lead to lowering public tolerance towards spiders and reducing conservation efforts towards them. We discuss open questions and avenues for future research concerning the media coverage of widely feared animals, that will help bridge knowledge gaps regarding the role of traditional and social media in framing our perception of the natural world. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
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- 2020
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12. Silently Suffering: A Pediatric Black Widow Spider Envenomation.
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Friedman, Eric R., Seidel, Stacey, Heiser, Samantha, and Prybys, Katherine
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SNAKEBITES , *PEDIATRIC intensive care , *WIDOWS , *BLACK widow spider , *EARACHE , *INTENSIVE care units - Abstract
Background: Black widow spiders are distributed worldwide and, although rarely fatal, account for significant morbidity. Diagnosis can be challenging, and children are at risk of increased morbidity due to their small size.Case Report: We present a case of a 3-year-old boy who was brought to our emergency department because of sudden ear pain followed by labored breathing, abdominal pain, refusal or inability to speak, and grunting respirations. A black widow spider bite was suspected based on additional history obtained, and the spider was found in his helmet, confirming the diagnosis. The patient had progressive respiratory distress and somnolence and was intubated and transferred to a local pediatric intensive care unit. Antivenom was not initially available and eventually declined by the family. The child received supportive care and recovered after several days. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? This case illustrates the potentially deadly effects a black widow envenomation could cause in a child, and that bite location can affect the constellation of symptoms. It is a reminder that toxins, including that of the black widow spider, should be on the differential for acute abdominal pain, especially with autonomic features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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13. Comparative medical importance of spider bites in Spain over 1997-2020: a retrospective study based on hospital cases coded using ICD.
- Author
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Cortés-Fossati F and Méndez M
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- Spain epidemiology, Retrospective Studies, Humans, Animals, Incidence, Spiders, Female, Male, Spider Bites epidemiology
- Abstract
Envenomation by terrestrial toxic animals is considered a serious risk to human health worldwide. Snakes, hymenopterans, spiders, and scorpions have mainly attracted the attention of medical literature. However, the relative importance of spiders has been studied only in a few countries. Here, we present the first retrospective study on the incidence of spider bites requiring hospital care in Spain, compared to bites or stings from snakes, hymenopterans, and scorpions. Using ICD9MC and ICD10 databases from the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases for the period 1997-2020, we quantified the cases of envenomation by spiders, compared to those by other terrestrial toxic animals, the demographic data of envenomation cases, the relative severity of spider bites, and the geographic distribution of envenomation cases. Overall, the incidence of acute intoxication by terrestrial toxic animals in Spain was ca. 1.23 cases per million inhabitants. In decreasing order of importance, cases were due to snakes, hymenopterans, spiders, scorpions, and myriapods. Fatal cases were extremely rare, caused mainly by hymenopterans. No fatalities were caused by spiders, scorpions, and myriapods. A greater incidence of snake bites occurred in northern Spain, but no geographical trends were found for spider bites or scorpion stings. Severe poisoning or life-threatening cases due to bites or stings from toxic terrestrial animals in Spain seems to be very low, especially for spiders, compared to other countries in the world. In general, spiders do not present a risk to human health and should not be considered a major driver of morbidity., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)
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- 2024
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14. Widow spiders in the New World: a review on Latrodectus Walckenaer, 1805 (Theridiidae) and latrodectism in the Americas
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Marjolly Brigido Caruso, Pedro Santana Sales Lauria, Claudio Maurício Vieira de Souza, Luciana Lyra Casais-e-Silva, and Russolina Benedeta Zingali
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Latrodectus ,Latrodectism ,Widow spiders ,Spider venom ,Americas ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Toxicology. Poisons ,RA1190-1270 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Abstract Humankind has always been fascinated by venomous animals, as their toxic substances have transformed them into symbols of power and mystery. Over the centuries, researchers have been trying to understand animal venoms, unveiling intricate mixtures of molecules and their biological effects. Among venomous animals, Latrodectus Walckenaer, 1805 (widow spiders) have become feared in many cultures worldwide due to their extremely neurotoxic venom. The Latrodectus genus encompasses 32 species broadly spread around the globe, 14 of which occur in the Americas. Despite the high number of species found in the New World, the knowledge on these spiders is still scarce. This review covers the general knowledge on Latrodectus spp. from the Americas. We address widow spiders’ taxonomy; geographical distribution and epidemiology; symptoms and treatments of envenomation (latrodectism); venom collection, experimental studies, proteome and transcriptome; and biotechnological studies on these Latrodectus spp. Moreover, we discuss the main challenges and limitations faced by researchers when trying to comprehend this neglected group of medically important spiders. We expect this review to help overcome the lack of information regarding widow spiders in the New World.
- Published
- 2021
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15. Spider Envenomation in Australia
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Tibballs, James, Gopalakrishnakone, P., Editor-in-Chief, Vogel, Carl-Wilhelm, editor, Seifert, Steven A., editor, and Tambourgi, Denise V., editor
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- 2018
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16. The Efficacy and Safety of Aracmyn in Patients With Systemic Latrodectism
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Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center
- Published
- 2016
17. Overview of Spider Envenoming
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White, Julian, Brent, Jeffrey, editor, Burkhart, Keith, editor, Dargan, Paul, editor, Hatten, Benjamin, editor, Megarbane, Bruno, editor, Palmer, Robert, editor, and White, Julian, editor
- Published
- 2017
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18. Media framing of spiders may exacerbate arachnophobic sentiments.
- Author
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Mammola, Stefano, Nanni, Veronica, Pantini, Paolo, Isaia, Marco, and Young, Juliette
- Subjects
SPIDERS ,SOCIAL media ,WIDOW spiders ,LOXOSCELES ,EMOTIONS - Abstract
Copyright of People & Nature is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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19. Latrodectism in Italy: First report of successful treatment of L. tredecimguttatus envenomation using L. mactans antivenom from North America.
- Author
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Di Paola, Giuseppe, Cirronis, Marco, Scaravaggi, Giulia, Castorani, Luigi, Petrolini, Valeria M., and Locatelli, Carlo A.
- Abstract
Latrodectism is a rare, but potentially severe, clinical syndrome caused by spider of the genus Latrodectus. L. tredecimguttatus is widespread in Italy and its bite cause the injection of α-latrotoxin that cause depletion of acetylcholine at motor nerve endings and release of catecholamines at adrenergic nerve endings. We describe the first clinical case of L. tredecimguttatus poisoning successfully treated with L. mactans antivenom from North America. A healthy 60-year-old patient was admitted to the emergency department after unknown insect sting or arachnid/snake bite. In the early morning, the patient was working in the countryside when he felt a sting-like pain in the medial area of the right lower leg, associated with an intense burning sensation. An hour later he developed agitation, hoarseness, sweating, abdominal distress and intense pain in his right leg. In the emergency room vital signs showed a hypertensive crisis, tachycardia and peripheral oxygen desaturation. ECG was normal and ABE showed mixed acid-base disorder. Blood tests showed leukocytosis with neutrophilia, high levels of myoglobin, with normal coagulation and normal plasmatic cholinesterase. Neck, thorax and abdomen CT scan, with and without contrast medium, was negative. Four hours after admission hypertension worsened with board like rigid abdomen and onset of fasciculations, tremors, miosis and intense regional sweating. The definitive diagnosis of poisoning by L tredecimguttatus was based on the clinical picture. Within short time the antidote was provided by the Poison Centre and administered. A marked improvement of the symptomatology was noted after 30 minutes, and 1 hour later all symptoms were under control. The patient was discharged after 2 days. The clinical presentation of a patient suffering from latrodectism places the clinician in front of a challenging differential diagnosis. Following the suspicion, the first-line doctor is invited to discuss the case with a toxicologist, in order to confirm or exclude the diagnosis and implement all therapeutic measures. In our clinical case, the absence of organic lesions, laboratory tests not suggestive for other causes, and the presence of typical clinical feature suggested the diagnosis of L tredecimguttatus poisoning. This hypothesis was then supported by the close temporal relation between antivenom administration and symptoms improvement. With this case, we report the first use of L mactans antivenom from North America to treat L. tredecimguttatus poisoning and we confirm its effectiveness in counteracting latrodectism caused by this spider. • Latrodectism is a clinical syndrome caused by spider of genus latrodectus. • In Italy L. tredecimguttatus bite may cause severe clinical feature mainly in children or the elderly. • Latrodectism should be suspected when there is a specific clinical picture expecially in patients coming from the countryside. • Specific antidote is not available in Italy, at the present time. • The use of the antidote rise against Latrodectus mactans has been effective in this clinical case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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20. ZVONIMIR MARETIĆ (1921-1989): THE HISTORY OF DISCOVERY OF THE FIRST EUROPEAN ANTILATRODECTIC SERUM AND ITS PREPARATOR ON THE OCCASION OF THE 30th ANNIVERSARY OF HIS DEATH.
- Author
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Buterin, Toni, Glažar, Bojan, and Muzur, Amir
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- *
MEDICAL sciences , *SERUM , *HISTORY of medicine , *IMMUNE serums , *ENVIRONMENTAL protection - Abstract
Zvonimir Maretić was the pioneer of the study of venomous animals and plants, toxicology, and tourism medicine. His achievements have been recognized, but insufficiently researched. His work covers a broad range of biomedical sciences: from public health, ecology, and environmental protection, to epidemiology and infectology. Maretić was one of the founding members of the International Society on Toxinology and the Toxicon journal's first Editorial Board. He was the first in Europe to prepare the antilatrodectic serum and to successfully apply the weever and scorpionfish antiserum on humans. This brief note tries to commemorate the achievements of Maretić, up to now poorly recognized and insufficiently researched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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21. Recent Insights in Latrodectus ('Black Widow' Spider) Envenomation: Toxins and Their Mechanisms of Action
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Pires, Osmindo Rodrigues, Jr, Fontes, Wagner, Castro, Mariana S., Gopalakrishnakone, P., Editor-in-chief, Corzo, Gerardo A., editor, de Lima, Maria Elena, editor, and Diego-García, Elia, editor
- Published
- 2016
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22. Spider Bite in Iran
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Hossein Sanaei-Zadeh
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Spider Bite ,Mediterranean Widow Spider ,Mediterranean Recluse Spider ,Latrodectism ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Some of the world’s most dangerous spiders have been certified in some areas of Iran. Spider bites are common in some geographical areas, and are sporadic in some regions. Spider bites can be classified as latrodectism or loxoscelism. If the patient had not seen the spider, the clinical manifestations of latrodectism could be easily mistaken for other types of bite or sting; or an infectious disease, and withdrawal symptoms, and also loxoscelism could be mistaken for cellulitis, various types of skin infection, or even a sting from a Gadim scorpion (Hemiscorpius lepturus). Given the nonspecific presentation of spider bites, one must keep the diagnosis in mind, and question patients, regarding possible exposure to spiders. Physicians recommend becoming familiar with the geographical distribution of Iranian dangerous spiders, clinical manifestations, and management of their bites. The most useful treatment for spider bite is anti-venom administration. Producing spider bite anti-venom in the Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute is under investigation.
- Published
- 2017
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23. Black widow spider bite in Johannesburg
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Teressa S. Thomas, Alan Kemp, and Kim P. Roberg
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black widow spider ,latrodectism ,spider bite ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Black widow spider bites are uncommon in South Africa, but it is important for clinicians to be aware of the clinical presentation in order to initiate appropriate treatment. This case highlights the presentation and management of a middle-aged gentleman who presented to the Chris Hani Baragwanath hospital following a spider bite. The bite was later confirmed to be that of a black widow spider. The patient presented with the typical symptoms of latrodectism – autonomic dysfunction, muscle rigidity and cramps – and was managed symptomatically with a favourable outcome.
- Published
- 2018
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24. Redback spider bites in children in South Australia: A 10‐year review of antivenom effectiveness
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Sasha Rossaye, Jane Cocks, Jacquie Schutz, Aun Woon Cindy Soon, Lalith Gamage, and Simon Chu
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Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,business.industry ,Antivenom ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Redback spider ,Blood pressure ,Serum sickness ,Heart rate ,Emergency Medicine ,medicine ,Latrodectism ,Envenomation ,business ,Anaphylaxis - Abstract
Objective To describe the South Australian paediatric redback spider bite experience and to examine the hypothesis that redback antivenom (RBAV) treatment in children is clinically effective. Methods Retrospective chart review of all children under 18 years of age presenting to the EDs of the three major paediatric or mixed hospitals in Adelaide, South Australia, with a discharge diagnosis of redback spider envenomation between 1 January 2010 and 31 March 2020. The main outcome measures include: patient and bite demographics; presenting symptoms and signs; treatment provided; clinical effects at 2 h post RBAV administration on pain, diaphoresis, blood pressure, heart rate and systemic features; overall clinical impression of RBAV effectiveness and resolution of symptoms prior to discharge. Results There were 256 patient encounters involving 235 patients. Latrodectism was described in one-third (34%) of the cases. Sixty-one patients received RBAV and in 57 (93%) patients the RBAV had good clinical effect. Two hours post RBAV administration, pain resolved in 71%, hypertension resolved in 62%, diaphoresis resolved in 43% and tachycardia resolved in 82%. There were no cases of urticaria or anaphylaxis and one case of serum sickness. Conclusions This retrospective review of redback spider envenomation in South Australian children over a 10-year period has demonstrated clinical effectiveness of RBAV in paediatric patients across all age groups, observed in both clinician perceived results and measurable outcomes. RBAV remains an effective treatment for redback envenomation in children.
- Published
- 2021
25. A case of pediatric northern black widow spider (Latrodectus variolus) bite in New York, USA
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William Hockett, Arie Francis, and Ilia Rochlin
- Subjects
Black widow spider ,Range (biology) ,Latrodectus variolus ,New York ,Spider Venoms ,Signs and symptoms ,Toxicology ,complex mixtures ,Latrodectus ,Spider Bites ,Latrodectism ,medicine ,Animals ,Black Widow Spider ,Humans ,Effective treatment ,Envenomation ,biology ,Antivenins ,social sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,humanities ,Treatment Outcome ,Geography ,population characteristics ,Demography - Abstract
Black widow spiders (Latrodectus spp.) are generally perceived as inhabiting southern or western United States. However, some species, such as the northern black widow, Latrodectus variolus, are also found in more temperate regions of USA and adjacent Canada. This species also appears to expand its range northward with the climate change increasing the risk of human encounters. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a pediatric envenomation from a northern black widow bite in northeastern US. Medical practitioners often fail to recognize the signs and symptoms of latrodectism delaying effective treatment. Even in more northern locales, healthcare workers should take black widow spider envenomation under consideration in the differential diagnosis particularly with suspected exposure.
- Published
- 2021
26. Spider Bite in Iran.
- Author
-
Sanaei-Zadeh, Hossein
- Subjects
- *
EDUCATION of physicians , *ANTIVENINS , *ARTHROPOD venom , *DIFFERENTIAL diagnosis , *SYMPTOMS , *SPIDER bites , *DIAGNOSIS , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Some of the world’s most dangerous spiders have been certified in some areas of Iran. Spider bites are common in some geographical areas, and are sporadic in some regions. Spider bites can be classified as latrodectism or loxoscelism. If the patient had not seen the spider, the clinical manifestations of latrodectism could be easily mistaken for other types of bite or sting; or an infectious disease, and withdrawal symptoms, and also loxoscelism could be mistaken for cellulitis, various types of skin infection, or even a sting from a Gadim scorpion (Hemiscorpius lepturus). Given the nonspecific presentation of spider bites, one must keep the diagnosis in mind, and question patients, regarding possible exposure to spiders. Physicians recommend becoming familiar with the geographical distribution of Iranian dangerous spiders, clinical manifestations, and management of their bites. The most useful treatment for spider bite is anti-venom administration. Producing spider bite anti-venom in the Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute is under investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Nephrotic syndrome due to minimal change disease secondary to spider bite: clinico-pathological case of a non-described complication of latrodectism.
- Author
-
Méndez, Gonzalo P., Enos, Daniel, Moreira, Jose Luis, Alvaredo, Fátima, and Oddo, David
- Subjects
- *
SPIDER bites , *BLACK widow spider , *RENAL biopsy , *LATROTOXIN - Abstract
The patient was an 18-year-old man who developed nephrotic syndrome after a 'wheat spider' bite (Latrodectus mactans). Due to this atypical manifestation of latrodectism, a renal biopsy was performed showing minimal change disease. The nephrotic syndrome subsided after 1 week without specific treatment. This self-limited evolution suggests that the mechanism of podocyte damage was temporary and potentially mediated by a secondary mechanism of hypersensitivity or direct effect of the α-latrotoxin. The patient did not show signs of relapse in subsequent checkup. This is the first reported case of nephrotic syndrome due to a minimal change lesion secondary to latrodectism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Toxicity evaluation and initial characterization of the venom of a Colombian Latrodectus sp.
- Author
-
Rueda, Alexandra, Realpe, Emilio, and Uribe, Alfredo
- Subjects
- *
SPIDER venom , *DRUG toxicity , *EXTRACTION (Chemistry) , *WIDOW spiders , *ANIMAL species , *APPROXIMATION theory - Abstract
The genus Latrodectus has not been studied in Colombia even though it is medically important worldwide; there are three species for the country, this study focused on a non-identified species found in the Tatacoa Desert in the Huila Department. This research is the first approximation to the extraction, composition analysis and toxicity evaluation of the venom of a species of the genus Latrodectus in Colombia; and aims to evaluate the toxicity by the initial characterization of its venom. The venom extraction was accomplished with electrostimulation and total protein concentration was determined by the Lowry method and BCA assays from crude venom; with these methods, high protein concentration of the samples was measured. Bioassays on mice were also made to evaluate the toxicity and compare the symptoms produced by this Colombian spider to the Latrodectism Syndrome. Finally, an SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was used to separate the main components of high molecular weight from the samples and compared to a control of the venom of Latrodectus mactans to determine if the venom composition is different between these two species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Latrodectism in Italy: First report of successful treatment of L. tredecimguttatus envenomation using L. mactans antivenom from North America
- Author
-
Valeria Margherita Petrolini, Giuseppe Di Paola, Carlo Locatelli, Luigi Castorani, Marco Cirronis, and Giulia Scaravaggi
- Subjects
Thorax ,business.industry ,Antivenom ,Emergency department ,Toxicology ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Acute abdomen ,Anesthesia ,Latrodectism ,medicine ,Abdomen ,Leukocytosis ,medicine.symptom ,Envenomation ,business - Abstract
Introduction Latrodectism is a rare, but potentially severe, clinical syndrome caused by spider of the genus Latrodectus. L. tredecimguttatus is widespread in Italy and its bite cause the injection of α-latrotoxin that cause depletion of acetylcholine at motor nerve endings and release of catecholamines at adrenergic nerve endings. We describe the first clinical case of L. tredecimguttatus poisoning successfully treated with L. mactans antivenom from North America. Case report A healthy 60-year-old patient was admitted to the emergency department after unknown insect sting or arachnid/snake bite. In the early morning, the patient was working in the countryside when he felt a sting-like pain in the medial area of the right lower leg, associated with an intense burning sensation. An hour later he developed agitation, hoarseness, sweating, abdominal distress and intense pain in his right leg. In the emergency room vital signs showed a hypertensive crisis, tachycardia and peripheral oxygen desaturation. ECG was normal and ABE showed mixed acid-base disorder. Blood tests showed leukocytosis with neutrophilia, high levels of myoglobin, with normal coagulation and normal plasmatic cholinesterase. Neck, thorax and abdomen CT scan, with and without contrast medium, was negative. Four hours after admission hypertension worsened with board like rigid abdomen and onset of fasciculations, tremors, miosis and intense regional sweating. The definitive diagnosis of poisoning by L tredecimguttatus was based on the clinical picture. Within short time the antidote was provided by the Poison Centre and administered. A marked improvement of the symptomatology was noted after 30 minutes, and 1 hour later all symptoms were under control. The patient was discharged after 2 days. Conclusions The clinical presentation of a patient suffering from latrodectism places the clinician in front of a challenging differential diagnosis. Following the suspicion, the first-line doctor is invited to discuss the case with a toxicologist, in order to confirm or exclude the diagnosis and implement all therapeutic measures. In our clinical case, the absence of organic lesions, laboratory tests not suggestive for other causes, and the presence of typical clinical feature suggested the diagnosis of L tredecimguttatus poisoning. This hypothesis was then supported by the close temporal relation between antivenom administration and symptoms improvement. With this case, we report the first use of L mactans antivenom from North America to treat L.tredecimguttatus poisoning and we confirm its effectiveness in counteracting latrodectism caused by this spider.
- Published
- 2020
30. Reporte de un caso clínico de latrodectismo en Ecuador y revisión bibliográfica
- Author
-
Carlos Xavier Haro Erazo and María José Ortiz Rojas
- Subjects
Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Latrodectism ,Medicine ,business ,medicine.disease ,Antidote - Abstract
Reporte de un caso clínico de latrodectismo en Ecuador y su revisión bibliográfica. El latrodectismo es causado por la mordedura de una araña del género Latrodectus, comúnmente llamadas viudas negras, araña del trigo o araña de poto colorado. Las especies L. mactans, L. thoracicus, L. hasselti, entre otras, pertenecen a este género, el cual está ampliamente distribuido a nivel mundial. (4) El veneno del género Latrodectus contiene α-latrotoxina, una neurotoxina que actúa a nivel presináptico del sistema nervioso autónomo (aumentando la liberación de acetilcolina.) produciendo un síndrome neurotóxico, el mismo que es de difícil diagnostico sino hay la sospecha clínica y el antecedente del encuentro con el artrópodo de ahí la importancia de conocer acerca de esta patología. El diagnóstico es clínico el tratamiento se reporta manejo del dolor y de soporte además del uso de antídoto anti - latrodectismo, el pronóstico es favorable: se reporta una letalidad entre 0 y 6% en distintas series (Jelinek, 1997; Schenone, 2003). (4)
- Published
- 2019
31. Widow spiders in the New World: a review on Latrodectus Walckenaer, 1805 (Theridiidae) and latrodectism in the Americas
- Author
-
Claudio Maurício Vieira de Souza, Russolina B. Zingali, Marjolly Brigido Caruso, Pedro Santana Sales Lauria, and Luciana Lyra Casais-e-Silva
- Subjects
RC955-962 ,Theridiidae ,Zoology ,Review ,Toxicology ,Latrodectus ,Spider venom ,Latrodectism ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RA1190-1270 ,medicine ,Envenomation ,biology ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,Geography ,QL1-991 ,Toxicology. Poisons ,Widow spiders ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,Americas - Abstract
Humankind has always been fascinated by venomous animals, as their toxic substances have transformed them into symbols of power and mystery. Over the centuries, researchers have been trying to understand animal venoms, unveiling intricate mixtures of molecules and their biological effects. Among venomous animals, Latrodectus Walckenaer, 1805 (widow spiders) have become feared in many cultures worldwide due to their extremely neurotoxic venom. The Latrodectus genus encompasses 32 species broadly spread around the globe, 14 of which occur in the Americas. Despite the high number of species found in the New World, the knowledge on these spiders is still scarce. This review covers the general knowledge on Latrodectus spp. from the Americas. We address widow spiders’ taxonomy; geographical distribution and epidemiology; symptoms and treatments of envenomation (latrodectism); venom collection, experimental studies, proteome and transcriptome; and biotechnological studies on these Latrodectus spp. Moreover, we discuss the main challenges and limitations faced by researchers when trying to comprehend this neglected group of medically important spiders. We expect this review to help overcome the lack of information regarding widow spiders in the New World.
- Published
- 2021
32. The black widow spider bite: epidemiology, symptomatology and prevention
- Author
-
Huzjak, Miran, Pjevač, Neda, Majer, Marjeta, and Musić Milanović, Sanja
- Subjects
black widow ,mediterranean black widow ,crna udovica ,mediteranska crna udovica ,latrodektizam ,latrodectism - Abstract
Ugriz crne udovice uzrokuje jedan od globalno najvažnijih oblika araneizma, odnosno kliničkih sindroma uzrokovanih ugrizom pauka. Rod koji sačinjava pauke udovice sastoji se od više vrsta pauka od kojih je za naše predjele najznačajnija mediteranska crna udovica; širom svijeta obitavaju druge vrste crnih udovica, s kojima ona mediteranska dijeli određen dio svojstava. Morfološki gledano sve crne udovice karakterističnog su izgleda zbog čega su u pučanstvu prepoznate, a za ljude je opasna jedino ženka crne udovice koja zbog svojih anatomskih obilježja jedina može ugristi čovjeka. Navedeni je pauk vrlo otrovan, a posljedica ugriza jest klinički sindrom poznat kao latrodektizam, sa specifičnom simptomatologijom i epidemiologijom. Otrov crne udovice mješavina je raznih proteina od kojih je jedan iznimno toksičan za kralježnjake ostvarujući svoj mehanizam interakcijom sa živčanim receptorima. Klinički se sindrom manifestira lokalno i sustavno; sistemne reakcije čovjeka na otrov rezultiraju burnom kliničkom slikom i patološkim promjenama u više organskih sustava. Latrodektizam uglavnom prolazi bez komplikacija ili sekvela. Navedeni se klinički sindrom uspješno liječi na više načina, od kojih središnje mjesto zauzima primjena antilatrodektičkog seruma. Incidencija latrodektizma može se umanjiti preventivnim mjerama., The black widow spider bite causes one of the globally most important forms of araneisms, which are clinical syndromes caused by spider bites. The genus to which the black widow spiders belong has several species of spiders, the most important of which is the Mediterranean black widow - in our region; other species of black widows inhabit the world, with whom the Mediterranean black widow shares a certain part of its characteristics. Morphologically, all black widows have a characteristic appearance, which is why they are recognized in the population, and only a female black widow, which is the only one which can bite a human because of its anatomical characteristics, is dangerous. This spider is highly toxic and the result of its bite is a clinical syndrome known as latrodectism, which comes with its specific symptomatology and epidemiology. The black widow spider venom is a blend of various proteins, one of which is extremely toxic to vertebrates through its mechanism of interaction with nerve receptors. Clinical syndrome manifests itself locally and systematically. Latrodectism generally goes without complications or sequelae. The aforementioned clinical syndrome can be successfully treated in a number of ways, of which the use of antilatrodectic serum is central. The incidence of latrodectism can be reduced by preventive measures.
- Published
- 2021
33. Case Report: Soldier With Latrodectism After Black Widow Spider Bite During a Field Training Exercise
- Author
-
Jerimiah D Walker, Mohamad Umar, Hillary Harper, and Bryan E Kubena
- Subjects
0303 health sciences ,Abdominal pain ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Black widow spider ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Field training ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Increased risk ,Acute myocarditis ,Latrodectism ,Physical therapy ,Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Envenomation ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Latrodectism from black widow spider (BWS) bites is rare in the United States. Latrodectism is a severe systemic manifestation of the envenomation that includes severe abdominal pain mimicking acute surgical abdomen and, in rare cases, could lead to acute myocarditis and rhabdomyolysis. The BWS typically inhabits dark, low-lying areas such as woodpiles, tree stumps, outdoor storage, outdoor furniture, outdoor toilets, and rock piles and is most active during warm weather months. Military service members often participate in field training exercises during warm weather in wooded areas littered with woodpiles and tree stumps; therefore, they are at an increased risk for bites by arachnids. We report the case of a 26-year-old active duty male soldier evacuated from field training with latrodectism and possible envenomation-induced myocarditis after a suspected BWS bite.
- Published
- 2021
34. Black widow spider bite in Johannesburg.
- Author
-
Thomas, Teressa Sumy, Kemp, Alan, and Roberg, Kim Pieton
- Subjects
SPIDER bites ,BLACK widow spider ,DYSAUTONOMIA ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Black widow spider bites are uncommon in South Africa, but it is important for clinicians to be aware of the clinical presentation in order to initiate appropriate treatment. This case highlights the presentation and management of a middle-aged gentleman who presented to the Chris Hani Baragwanath hospital following a spider bite. The bite was later confirmed to be that of a black widow spider. The patient presented with the typical symptoms of latrodectism - autonomic dysfunction, muscle rigidity and cramps - and was managed symptomatically with a favourable outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Discovery of a Recombinant Human Monoclonal Immunoglobulin G Antibody Against α-Latrotoxin From the Mediterranean Black Widow Spider (Latrodectus tredecimguttatus)
- Author
-
Sofie Føns, Line Ledsgaard, Maxim V. Nikolaev, Alexander A. Vassilevski, Christoffer V. Sørensen, Manon K. Chevalier, Michael Fiebig, and Andreas H. Laustsen
- Subjects
Spider toxins ,0301 basic medicine ,spider toxins ,lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Latrodectus tredecimguttatus ,Envenoming ,medicine.drug_class ,Latrotoxin ,Immunology ,Venom ,Monoclonal antibody ,complex mixtures ,Latrodectus ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Latrodectism ,Immunology and Allergy ,latrotoxin ,Toxin neutralization ,Spider ,biology ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Spider toxin ,Virology ,030104 developmental biology ,envenoming ,widow spiders ,Widow spiders ,Monoclonal antibodies ,Phage display ,monoclonal antibodies ,phage display ,lcsh:RC581-607 ,030215 immunology - Abstract
Widow spiders are among the few spider species worldwide that can cause serious envenoming in humans. The clinical syndrome resulting from Latrodectus spp. envenoming is called latrodectism and characterized by pain (local or regional) associated with diaphoresis and nonspecific systemic effects. The syndrome is caused by α-latrotoxin, a ~130 kDa neurotoxin that induces massive neurotransmitter release. Due to this function, α-latrotoxin has played a fundamental role as a tool in the study of neuroexocytosis. Nevertheless, some questions concerning its mode of action remain unresolved today. The diagnosis of latrodectism is purely clinical, combined with the patient’s history of spider bite, as no analytical assays exist to detect widow spider venom. By utilizing antibody phage display technology, we here report the discovery of the first recombinant human monoclonal immunoglobulin G antibody (TPL0020_02_G9) that binds α-latrotoxin from the Mediterranean black widow spider (Latrodectus tredecimguttatus) and show neutralization efficacy ex vivo. Such antibody can be used as an affinity reagent for research and diagnostic purposes, providing researchers with a novel tool for more sophisticated experimentation and analysis. Moreover, it may also find therapeutic application in future.
- Published
- 2020
36. Toddler with priapism as a result of redback spider latrodectism
- Author
-
Elizabeth Dooley and Rishi Agrawal
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Redback spider ,biology ,business.industry ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Priapism ,medicine ,Latrodectism ,Toddler ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,business - Published
- 2021
37. Silently Suffering: A Pediatric Black Widow Spider Envenomation
- Author
-
Katherine M. Prybys, Stacey Seidel, Eric R. Friedman, and Samantha Heiser
- Subjects
Male ,Abdominal pain ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Antivenom ,Spider Venoms ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,complex mixtures ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Spider Bites ,Latrodectism ,medicine ,Animals ,Black Widow Spider ,Humans ,Envenomation ,Pediatric intensive care unit ,Labored breathing ,Respiratory distress ,business.industry ,Antivenins ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Emergency department ,medicine.disease ,Abdominal Pain ,Child, Preschool ,Emergency Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Background: Black widow spiders are distributed worldwide and, although rarely fatal, account for significant morbidity. Diagnosis can be challenging, and children are at risk of increased morbidity due to their small size. Case Report: We present a case of a 3-year-old boy who was brought to our emergency department because of sudden ear pain followed by labored breathing, abdominal pain, refusal or inability to speak, and grunting respirations. A black widow spider bite was suspected based on additional history obtained, and the spider was found in his helmet, confirming the diagnosis. The patient had progressive respiratory distress and somnolence and was intubated and transferred to a local pediatric intensive care unit. Antivenom was not initially available and eventually declined by the family. The child received supportive care and recovered after several days. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? This case illustrates the potentially deadly effects a black widow envenomation could cause in a child, and that bite location can affect the constellation of symptoms. It is a reminder that toxins, including that of the black widow spider, should be on the differential for acute abdominal pain, especially with autonomic features.
- Published
- 2020
38. Black Widow Spider Bite: 'Can’t We Just Get a Divorce?'
- Author
-
Annaliese G. Seidel and Colin G. Kaide
- Subjects
Local pain ,Spider ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Black widow spider ,genetic structures ,biology ,business.industry ,Latrotoxin ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,complex mixtures ,Dermatology ,Latrodectus ,nervous system ,Pain control ,Latrodectism ,Medicine ,business ,Envenomation - Abstract
Black widow spiders are found across the United States and worldwide. Building webs in uninhabited dark places such as barns, garages, fences, and woodpiles, these spiders only bite when unexpectedly disturbed. Black widow spider bites cause local pain with minimal swelling, and may present with greater systemic severity, including autonomic dysfunction and abdominal rigidity. The prognosis is good, and mortality is rare. Treatment is generally supportive and focuses on pain control, but the clinical presentation warrants ruling out other concerning diagnoses.
- Published
- 2019
39. Pit latrines: A potential risk factor for latrodectism in rural South Africa?
- Author
-
A Msiwa and S D Ntshalintshali
- Subjects
biology ,genetic structures ,Potential risk ,business.industry ,Spider bites ,Pit latrine ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,complex mixtures ,humanities ,Latrodectus ,nervous system ,parasitic diseases ,Latrodectism ,Medicine ,business ,Socioeconomics - Abstract
Latrodectus spp. spider bites usually occur away from domestic sites, in the open fields or bushes. We report 3 cases of latrodectism that were identified to be associated with bites by these spiders in a rural domestic setting, specifically while the victim was using a pit latrine.
- Published
- 2019
40. First Record of Black Widow Spider Bite Latrodectus cinctus (Araneae: Theridiidae) From Iran.
- Author
-
Nejati J, Bueno-Marí R, Salehi M, Akbari MR, and Shahi M
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Iran, Bites and Stings, Black Widow Spider, Spider Bites, Spiders
- Abstract
The genus Latrodectus contains the most medically important spiders around the world. This study describes the first case of Latrodectus cinctus Blackwall, 1865 bite and clinical treatment from Iran. Also, it is the first collection report from the southeast of the country that can enhance prior knowledge on the geographical distribution of this species. We describe a 42-year-old female patient with neurological pain caused by the spider bite. Also, a summary of the entomological survey and morphological identification of the collected species from the patient's house is presented., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Epidemiologic profile of latrodectism in Brazil and clinical predictor for non-mild envenomation cases
- Author
-
Yukari Figueroa Mise, Filipe Espírito Santo Amorim, Rejane Maria Lira-da-Silva, and Tania Kobler Brazil
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine ,Latrodectism ,Toxicology ,business ,Envenomation ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology - Published
- 2020
42. Nephrotic syndrome due to minimal change disease secondary to spider bite: clinico-pathological case of a non-described complication of latrodectism
- Author
-
Fátima Alvaredo, David Oddó, Gonzalo P. Méndez, José Luis Moreira, and Daniel Enos
- Subjects
spider bite ,medicine.medical_specialty ,040301 veterinary sciences ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Glomerulopathies ,0403 veterinary science ,Lesion ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Latrodectism ,Medicine ,Minimal change disease ,Transplantation ,Proteinuria ,biology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,nephrotic syndrome ,business.industry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Latrodectus mactans ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Dermatology ,minimal change disease ,Nephrology ,Renal biopsy ,proteinuria ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Complication ,Nephrotic syndrome ,latrodectism - Abstract
The patient was an 18-year-old man who developed nephrotic syndrome after a ‘wheat spider’ bite (Latrodectus mactans). Due to this atypical manifestation of latrodectism, a renal biopsy was performed showing minimal change disease. The nephrotic syndrome subsided after 1 week without specific treatment. This self-limited evolution suggests that the mechanism of podocyte damage was temporary and potentially mediated by a secondary mechanism of hypersensitivity or direct effect of the α-latrotoxin. The patient did not show signs of relapse in subsequent checkup. This is the first reported case of nephrotic syndrome due to a minimal change lesion secondary to latrodectism.
- Published
- 2016
43. Black widow spider bite in Johannesburg
- Author
-
Alan Kemp, Teressa Sumy Thomas, and Kim Pieton Roberg
- Subjects
spider bite ,History ,Black widow spider ,genetic structures ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Black Widow Spider Bites ,medicine.disease ,black widow spider ,complex mixtures ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,parasitic diseases ,Latrodectism ,medicine ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Demography ,latrodectism - Abstract
Black widow spider bites are uncommon in South Africa, but it is important for clinicians to be aware of the clinical presentation in order to initiate appropriate treatment. This case highlights the presentation and management of a middle-aged gentleman who presented to the Chris Hani Baragwanath hospital following a spider bite. The bite was later confirmed to be that of a black widow spider. The patient presented with the typical symptoms of latrodectism – autonomic dysfunction, muscle rigidity and cramps – and was managed symptomatically with a favourable outcome.
- Published
- 2018
44. ZVONIMIR MARETIĆ (1921–1989): THE HISTORY OF DISCOVERY OF THE FIRST EUROPEAN ANTILATRODECTIC SERUM AND ITS PREPARATOR ON THE OCCASION OF THE 30 th ANNIVERSARY OF HIS DEATH
- Author
-
Toni Buterin, Amir Muzur, and Bojan Glažar
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,History ,Zvonimir Maretić ,history of medicine ,toxicology ,antivenom ,latrodectism ,Spider Venoms ,povijest medicine ,toksikologija ,protuotrov ,latrodektizam ,History of medicine ,Editorial board ,Toxicology ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Basic Medical Sciences. History of Medicine and the Biomedical Sciences ,Fish Venoms ,Spider Bites ,medicine ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Temeljne medicinske znanosti. Povijest medicine i biomedicinskih znanosti ,Zvonimir Maretic ,Animals ,Black Widow Spider ,Humans ,Antivenins ,Public health ,General Medicine ,History, 20th Century ,Perciformes ,Europe ,Tourism ,Classics - Abstract
Zvonimir Maretić was the pioneer of the study of venomous animals and plants, toxicology, and tourism medicine. His achievements have been recognized, but insufficiently researched. His work covers a broad range of biomedical sciences: from public health, ecology, and environmental protection, to epidemiology and infectology. Maretić was one of the founding members of the International Society on Toxinology and the Toxicon journal’s first Editorial Board. He was the first in Europe to prepare the antilatrodectic serum and to successfully apply the weever and scorpionfish antiserum on humans. This brief note tries to commemorate the achievements of Maretić, up to now poorly recognized and insufficiently researched., Zvonimir Maretić pionir je proučavanja otrovnih životinja i biljaka, njihove toksikologije te turističke medicine. Njegovo djelo i rad principijelno je cijenjeno, ali slabo istraženo. Djelovao je u širokom području medicine i biomedicinskih znanosti: od javnog zdravstva, ekologije i očuvanja okoliša do zaštite ljudskog zdravlja u obliku epidemiologije i infektologije. Jedan je od članova i osnivača Internacionalnog društva za toksinologiju i član prvoga uredničkog odbora časopisa Toxicon. Prvi je u Europi priredio anilatrodektički serum i na ljudima primijenio serum protiv otrova morskog pauka. Ovaj rad nastoji komemorirati njegova dosad zanemarena i nedovoljno istražena postignuća.
- Published
- 2019
45. Zvonimir Maretić (1921-1989)
- Author
-
Buterin, Toni, Glažar, Bojan, and Muzur, Amir
- Subjects
Zvonimir Maretic ,history of medicine ,toxicology ,antivenom ,latrodectism - Abstract
Zvonimir Maretic was the pioneer of the study of venomous animals and plants, toxicology, and tourism medicine. His achievements have been recognized, but insufficiently researched. His work covers a broad range of biomedical sciences: from public health, ecology, and environmental protection, to epidemiology and infectology. Maretic was one of the founding members of the International Society on Toxinology and the Toxicon journal's first Editorial Board. He was the first in Europe to prepare the antilatrodectic serum and to successfully apply the weever and scorpionfish antiserum on humans. This brief note tries to commemorate the achievements of Maretic, up to now poorly recognized and insufficiently researched.
- Published
- 2019
46. First record of a bite produced by a male of Latrodectus geometricus C. L. Koch, 1841 (Araneae: Theridiidae)
- Subjects
Latrodectism ,Araña viuda marrón ,Latrodectismo ,Argentina ,Latrodectus ,Brown widow spider - Abstract
Latrodectus geometricus (Araneae: Theridiidae), es una araña llamada vulgarmente “viuda marrón". Originaria de África, es una especie sinantrópica y cosmopolita, muy frecuente en varias ciudades del centro y norte de Argentina. A diferencia de otras especies del género no suele causar envenenamientos graves, habiéndose registrado en el mundo muy pocos casos que requirieron tratamiento los cuales evolucionaron siempre de forma favorable. Todos los casos registrados hasta la fecha fueron atribuidos a hembras, asumiendo que los machos no causan casos clínicos e incluso serían incapaces de atravesar con sus quelíceros la piel humana debido a su pequeño tamaño. Este trabajo presenta el primer registro de un accidente causado por un macho de L. geometricus describiendo los síntomas. El accidente ocurrió a una mujer de 21 años en Villa Gobernador Gálvez (33°01'31" S, 60°38'01" O), Santa Fe, Argentina, en marzo 2016. El ejemplar murió en el momento siendo conservado y luego identificado según su genitalia como un macho adulto de L. geometricus. Los síntomas se relevaron desde el accidente hasta el cese de las manifestaciones sin intervención terapéutica. En el momento la joven advirtió una sensación punzante seguida inmediatamente de ardor y eritema. Luego de 10 minutos el ardor aumentó, disminuyendo a los 20 minutos. Luego de una hora el ardor y el eritema disminuyó considerablemente. Los resultados observados respaldan que L. geometricus no reviste peligrosidad en Argentina y evidencian que los quelíceros de los machos pueden atravesar la piel humana, al menos en zonas de piel delgada. Latrodectus geometricus (Araneae: Theridiidae) is a spider commonly known as “Brown widow". Originally from Africa, is a synanthropic and cosmopolitan spider, very common in several cities in central and northern Argentina. Unlike other species of the genus, this spider does not cause serious poisoning, very few have been registered that required treatment and always evolved favorably. All cases listed to date were attributed to females, assuming that males do not cause clinical cases and would even be unable to pass through human skin due to the small size of their chelicerae. This work presents the first record of an accident by a male of L. geometricus and describes the symptoms. The accident occurred to a 21 year old woman from Villa Gobernador Gálvez (33°01'31" S, 60°38'01" W), Santa Fe, Argentina, in March 2016. The specimen died at the time, being preserved and then identified as an adult male of L. geometricus according to its genitalia. The symptoms were relieved from the accident to its end without applying treatments. At the time, the woman felt a sting followed immediately by burning sensation and erythema in the area. After 10 minutes the burning increased, decreasing at 20 minutes. One hour later, burning sensation disappeared and the erythema diminished considerably. The observed results support L. geometricus as not dangerous in Argentina and show that males actually are able to penetrate the human skin, at least in areas of thin skin.
- Published
- 2018
47. Latrodectism; Evidence of 'failure' or a failure of evidence?
- Author
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Julian White, David A. Warrell, and Scott A. Weinstein
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Latrodectism ,medicine ,Toxicology ,medicine.disease ,Intensive care medicine ,business - Published
- 2020
48. Widow spiders in the New World: a review on Latrodectus Walckenaer, 1805 (Theridiidae) and latrodectism in the Americas.
- Author
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Caruso MB, Lauria PSS, de Souza CMV, Casais-E-Silva LL, and Zingali RB
- Abstract
Humankind has always been fascinated by venomous animals, as their toxic substances have transformed them into symbols of power and mystery. Over the centuries, researchers have been trying to understand animal venoms, unveiling intricate mixtures of molecules and their biological effects. Among venomous animals, Latrodectus Walckenaer, 1805 (widow spiders) have become feared in many cultures worldwide due to their extremely neurotoxic venom. The Latrodectus genus encompasses 32 species broadly spread around the globe, 14 of which occur in the Americas. Despite the high number of species found in the New World, the knowledge on these spiders is still scarce. This review covers the general knowledge on Latrodectus spp. from the Americas. We address widow spiders' taxonomy; geographical distribution and epidemiology; symptoms and treatments of envenomation (latrodectism); venom collection, experimental studies, proteome and transcriptome; and biotechnological studies on these Latrodectus spp. Moreover, we discuss the main challenges and limitations faced by researchers when trying to comprehend this neglected group of medically important spiders. We expect this review to help overcome the lack of information regarding widow spiders in the New World., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Acute urinary retention after Black Widow envenomation: a case report
- Author
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Nicholas P Timmerman, Matthew Carere, Ian Taylor, and Russel Sterret
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Black widow spider ,Risk Assessment ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Spider Bites ,medicine ,Latrodectism ,Animals ,Black Widow Spider ,Humans ,Envenomation ,Arthropod Venoms ,business.industry ,Urinary retention ,Antivenins ,General surgery ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Middle Aged ,Urinary Retention ,medicine.disease ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Treatment Outcome ,Acute abdomen ,Acute Disease ,Emergency Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Emergency Service, Hospital ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Latrodectism following Black Widow envenomation is rare in Canada. We present the case of a previously healthy 50 year old male who presented with an acute abdomen, hypertension, and urinary retention. After a thorough work up it was determined to be as a result of a Black Widow spider bite. Due to climate change we may see more cases of Latrodectism in the future and it should be considered as a differential diagnosis in anyone presenting with an acute abdomen after an insect bite.
- Published
- 2017
50. Treatments for Latrodectism—A Systematic Review on Their Clinical Effectiveness
- Author
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Nicholas A. Buckley, Nicole M. Ryan, and Andis Graudins
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Clinical effectiveness ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Antivenom ,Analgesic ,MEDLINE ,lcsh:Medicine ,widow spider ,Review ,Toxicology ,complex mixtures ,03 medical and health sciences ,Route of administration ,0302 clinical medicine ,Spider Bites ,medicine ,Latrodectism ,Severe pain ,Animals ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,Envenomation ,antivenom ,envenomation ,treatment ,business.industry ,Antivenins ,lcsh:R ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Surgery ,Treatment Outcome ,red-back spider ,business - Abstract
Latrodectism or envenomation by widow-spiders is common and clinically significant worldwide. Alpha-latrotoxin is the mammalian-specific toxin in the venom that results in toxic effects observed in humans. Symptoms may be incapacitating and include severe pain that can persist for days. The management of mild to moderate latrodectism is primarily supportive while severe cases have variously been treated with intravenous calcium, muscle relaxants, widow-spider antivenom and analgesic opioids. The object of this systematic review is to examine the literature on the clinical effectiveness of past and current treatments for latrodectism. MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google Scholar were searched from 1946 to December 2016 to identify clinical studies on the treatment of latrodectism. Studies older than 40 years and not in English were not reviewed. There were only two full-publications and one abstract of placebo-controlled randomised trials on antivenom use for latrodectism. Another two randomised comparative trials compared the route of administration of antivenom for latrodectism. There were fourteen case series (including two abstracts), fourteen case reports and one letter investigating drug treatments for latrodectism with the majority of these also including antivenom for severe latrodectism. Antivenom with opioid analgesia is often the major treatment reported for latrodectism however; recent high quality evidence has cast doubt on the clinical effectiveness of this combination and suggests that other treatments need to be investigated.
- Published
- 2017
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