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3. COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations and deaths in Belgian nursing homes: results of a surveillance conducted between April and December 2020

Author

Vandael, Eline, Latour, Katrien, Islamaj, Esma, Panis, Laura Int, Callies, Milena, Haarhuis, Freek, Proesmans, Kristiaan, Devleesschauwer, Brecht, Rebolledo Gonzalez, Javiera, Hannecart, Alice, Mahieu, Romain, de Viron, Louise, De Clercq, Etienne, Kongs, Anne, Hammami, Naïma, François, Jean-Marc, Dubourg, Dominique, Henz, Sarah, Catry, Boudewijn, and Dequeker, Sara

Published
2022
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5. Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis

Author

Strauss, Reinhild, Mertens, Karl, Struyf, Thomas, Catry, Boudewijn, Latour, Katrien, Ivanov, Ivan N, Dobreva, Elina G, Tambic Andraševic, Arjana, Soprek, Silvija, Budimir, Ana, Paphitou, Niki, Žemlicková, Helena, Schytte Olsen, Stefan, Wolff Sönksen, Ute, Märtin, Pille, Ivanova, Marina, Lyytikäinen, Outi, Jalava, Jari, Coignard, Bruno, Eckmanns, Tim, Abu Sin, Muna, Haller, Sebastian, Daikos, George L, Gikas, Achilleas, Tsiodras, Sotirios, Kontopidou, Flora, Tóth, Ákos, Hajdu, Ágnes, Guólaugsson, Ólafur, Kristinsson, Karl G, Murchan, Stephen, Burns, Karen, Pezzotti, Patrizio, Gagliotti, Carlo, Dumpis, Uga, Liuimiene, Agne, Perrin, Monique, Borg, Michael A, de Greeff, Sabine C, Monen, Jos CM, Koek, Mayke BG, Elstrøm, Petter, Zabicka, Dorota, Deptula, Aleksander, Hryniewicz, Waleria, Caniça, Manuela, Nogueira, Paulo Jorge, Fernandes, Paulo André, Manageiro, Vera, Popescu, Gabriel A, Serban, Roxana I, Schréterová, Eva, Litvová, Slavka, Štefkovicová, Mária, Kolman, Jana, Klavs, Irena, Korošec, Aleš, Aracil, Belén, Asensio, Angel, Pérez-Vázquez, María, Billström, Hanna, Larsson, Sofie, Reilly, Jacqui S, Johnson, Alan, Hopkins, Susan, Cassini, Alessandro, Högberg, Liselotte Diaz, Plachouras, Diamantis, Quattrocchi, Annalisa, Hoxha, Ana, Simonsen, Gunnar Skov, Colomb-Cotinat, Mélanie, Kretzschmar, Mirjam E, Devleesschauwer, Brecht, Cecchini, Michele, Ouakrim, Driss Ait, Oliveira, Tiago Cravo, Struelens, Marc J, Suetens, Carl, and Monnet, Dominique L

Published
2019
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7. COVID-19 Clusters in Belgian Nursing Homes: Impact of Facility Characteristics and Vaccination on Cluster Occurrence, Duration and Severity

Author

Dequeker, Sara, primary, Callies, Milena, additional, Catteau, Lucy, additional, Int Panis, Laura, additional, Islamaj, Esma, additional, Klamer, Sofieke, additional, Latour, Katrien, additional, Pauwels, Marijke, additional, Vernemmen, Catharina, additional, Mahieu, Romain, additional, Masson, Hanna, additional, Savsin, Muhammet, additional, De Clercq, Etienne, additional, Thomas, Mireille, additional, Catry, Boudewijn, additional, and Vandael, Eline, additional

Published
2023
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9. Additional file 1 of Characteristics of the antibiotic regimen that affect antimicrobial resistance in urinary pathogens

Author

Catry, Boudewijn, Latour, Katrien, Bruyndonckx, Robin, Diba, Camellia, Geerdens, Candida, and Coenen, Samuel

Abstract

Table S1. Distribution of Escherichia (E.) coli isolates (n = 7379) per patient (retired, n = 5650) retrieved from 15 voluntary participating Belgian clinical laboratories (January 2005 – December 2005), for which an antimicrobial was prescribed (minimum 2 days before sampling) during the study period (July 2004–December 2005). Table S2 Average number of defined daily dose (DDD) by gender prior to the isolation of uropathogens from retired patients (n = 5650) in Belgium (2004–2005). (DOCX 16 kb)

Published
2023
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11. MRSA surveillance programmes worldwide: moving towards a harmonised international approach

Author

Baede, Valerie O., David, Michael Z., Andrasevic, Arjana Tambic, Blanc, Dominique S., Borg, Michael, Brennan, Grainne, Catry, Boudewijn, Chabaud, Aurelie, Empel, Joanna, Enger, Hege, Hallin, Marie, Ivanova, Marina, Kronenberg, Andreas, Kuntaman, Kuntaman, Larsen, Anders Rhod, Latour, Katrien, Lindsay, Jodi A., Pichon, Bruno, Santosaningsih, Dewi, Schouls, Leo M., Vandenesch, Francois, Werner, Guido, Zabicka, Dorota, Zemlickova, Helena, Seifert, Harald, Vos, Margreet C., Baede, Valerie O., David, Michael Z., Andrasevic, Arjana Tambic, Blanc, Dominique S., Borg, Michael, Brennan, Grainne, Catry, Boudewijn, Chabaud, Aurelie, Empel, Joanna, Enger, Hege, Hallin, Marie, Ivanova, Marina, Kronenberg, Andreas, Kuntaman, Kuntaman, Larsen, Anders Rhod, Latour, Katrien, Lindsay, Jodi A., Pichon, Bruno, Santosaningsih, Dewi, Schouls, Leo M., Vandenesch, Francois, Werner, Guido, Zabicka, Dorota, Zemlickova, Helena, Seifert, Harald, and Vos, Margreet C.

Abstract

A B S T R A C T Multinational surveillance programmes for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are dependent on national structures for data collection. This study aimed to capture the diversity of national MRSA surveillance programmes and to propose a framework for harmonisation of MRSA surveillance. The International Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (ISAC) MRSA Working Group conducted a structured survey on MRSA surveillance programmes and organised a webinar to discuss the programmes' strengths and challenges as well as guidelines for harmonisation. Completed surveys represented 24 MRSA surveil-lance programmes in 16 countries. Several countries reported separate epidemiological and microbiolog-ical surveillance. Informing clinicians and national policy-makers were the most common purposes of surveillance. Surveillance of bloodstream infections (BSIs) was present in all programmes. Other invasive infections were often included. Three countries reported active surveillance of MRSA carriage. Method-ology and reporting of antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence factors, molecular genotyping and epidemi-ological metadata varied greatly. Current MRSA surveillance programmes rely upon heterogeneous data collection systems, which hampers international epidemiological monitoring and research. To harmonise MRSA surveillance, we suggest improving the integration of microbiological and epidemiological data, im-plementation of central biobanks for MRSA isolate collection, and inclusion of a representative sample of skin and soft-tissue infection cases in addition to all BSI cases.Crown Copyright (c) 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )

Published
2022

12. MRSA surveillance programmes worldwide: moving towards a harmonised international approach

Author

Baede, Valérie V.O., David, Michael M.Z., Andrasevic, Arjana Tambic, Blanc, Dominique, Borg, Michael, Brennan, Gráinne, Catry, Boudewijn, Chabaud, Aurélie, Empel, Joanna, Enger, Hege, Hallin, Marie, Ivanova, Marina, Kronenberg, Andreas, Kuntaman, Kuntaman, Larsen, Anders A.R., Latour, Katrien, Lindsay, Jodi A, Pichon, Bruno Marcel, Santosaningsih, Dewi, Schouls, Leo L.M., Vandenesch, François, Werner, Guido, Żabicka, Dorota, Zemlickova, Helena, Seifert, Harald, Vos, Margreet M.C., Baede, Valérie V.O., David, Michael M.Z., Andrasevic, Arjana Tambic, Blanc, Dominique, Borg, Michael, Brennan, Gráinne, Catry, Boudewijn, Chabaud, Aurélie, Empel, Joanna, Enger, Hege, Hallin, Marie, Ivanova, Marina, Kronenberg, Andreas, Kuntaman, Kuntaman, Larsen, Anders A.R., Latour, Katrien, Lindsay, Jodi A, Pichon, Bruno Marcel, Santosaningsih, Dewi, Schouls, Leo L.M., Vandenesch, François, Werner, Guido, Żabicka, Dorota, Zemlickova, Helena, Seifert, Harald, and Vos, Margreet M.C.

Abstract

Multinational surveillance programmes for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are dependent on national structures for data collection. This study aimed to capture the diversity of national MRSA surveillance programmes and to propose a framework for harmonisation of MRSA surveillance. The International Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (ISAC) MRSA Working Group conducted a structured survey on MRSA surveillance programmes and organised a webinar to discuss the programmes’ strengths and challenges as well as guidelines for harmonisation. Completed surveys represented 24 MRSA surveillance programmes in 16 countries. Several countries reported separate epidemiological and microbiological surveillance. Informing clinicians and national policy-makers were the most common purposes of surveillance. Surveillance of bloodstream infections (BSIs) was present in all programmes. Other invasive infections were often included. Three countries reported active surveillance of MRSA carriage. Methodology and reporting of antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence factors, molecular genotyping and epidemiological metadata varied greatly. Current MRSA surveillance programmes rely upon heterogeneous data collection systems, which hampers international epidemiological monitoring and research. To harmonise MRSA surveillance, we suggest improving the integration of microbiological and epidemiological data, implementation of central biobanks for MRSA isolate collection, and inclusion of a representative sample of skin and soft-tissue infection cases in addition to all BSI cases., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2022

13. MRSA surveillance programmes worldwide: moving towards a harmonised international approach

Author

Baede, Valérie O., primary, David, Michael Z., additional, Andrasevic, Arjana Tambic, additional, Blanc, Dominique S., additional, Borg, Michael, additional, Brennan, Grainne, additional, Catry, Boudewijn, additional, Chabaud, Aurélie, additional, Empel, Joanna, additional, Enger, Hege, additional, Hallin, Marie, additional, Ivanova, Marina, additional, Kronenberg, Andreas, additional, Kuntaman, Kuntaman, additional, Larsen, Anders Rhod, additional, Latour, Katrien, additional, Lindsay, Jodi A., additional, Pichon, Bruno, additional, Santosaningsih, Dewi, additional, Schouls, Leo M., additional, Vandenesch, François, additional, Werner, Guido, additional, Żabicka, Dorota, additional, Žemličková, Helena, additional, Seifert, Harald, additional, and Vos, Margreet C., additional

Published
2022
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14. Additional file 1 of Healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in Belgian nursing homes: results of three point prevalence surveys between 2010 and 2016

Author

Latour, Katrien, Catry, Boudewijn, Devleesschauwer, Brecht, Buntinx, Frank, De Lepeleire, Jan, and Jans, B��atrice

Subjects
otorhinolaryngologic diseases
Abstract

Additional file 1. Characteristics of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial prescriptions as reported by the 25 nursing homes participating in all three Belgian HALT surveys, 2010-2016. Table presenting the characteristics of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial prescriptions as reported by the 25 nursing homes participating in all three Belgian HALT surveys, 2010-2016.

Published
2022
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15. Additional file 3 of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations and deaths in Belgian nursing homes: results of a surveillance conducted between April and December 2020

Author

Vandael, Eline, Latour, Katrien, Islamaj, Esma, Panis, Laura Int, Callies, Milena, Haarhuis, Freek, Proesmans, Kristiaan, Devleesschauwer, Brecht, Rebolledo Gonzalez, Javiera, Hannecart, Alice, Mahieu, Romain, de Viron, Louise, De Clercq, Etienne, Kongs, Anne, Hammami, Na��ma, Fran��ois, Jean-Marc, Dubourg, Dominique, Henz, Sarah, Catry, Boudewijn, and Dequeker, Sara

Subjects
otorhinolaryngologic diseases, health care economics and organizations
Abstract

Additional file 3. Weekly participation rate of all Belgian nursing homes (NHs, n=1542) per period

Published
2022
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16. Additional file 1 of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations and deaths in Belgian nursing homes: results of a surveillance conducted between April and December 2020

Author

Vandael, Eline, Latour, Katrien, Islamaj, Esma, Panis, Laura Int, Callies, Milena, Haarhuis, Freek, Proesmans, Kristiaan, Devleesschauwer, Brecht, Rebolledo Gonzalez, Javiera, Hannecart, Alice, Mahieu, Romain, de Viron, Louise, De Clercq, Etienne, Kongs, Anne, Hammami, Na��ma, Fran��ois, Jean-Marc, Dubourg, Dominique, Henz, Sarah, Catry, Boudewijn, and Dequeker, Sara

Abstract

Additional file 1. Surveillance COVID-19 in Belgian nursing homes (2020), overview data collection in the different regions

Published
2022
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21. Additional file 2 of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations and deaths in Belgian nursing homes: results of a surveillance conducted between April and December 2020

Author

Vandael, Eline, Latour, Katrien, Islamaj, Esma, Panis, Laura Int, Callies, Milena, Haarhuis, Freek, Proesmans, Kristiaan, Devleesschauwer, Brecht, Rebolledo Gonzalez, Javiera, Hannecart, Alice, Mahieu, Romain, de Viron, Louise, De Clercq, Etienne, Kongs, Anne, Hammami, Na��ma, Fran��ois, Jean-Marc, Dubourg, Dominique, Henz, Sarah, Catry, Boudewijn, and Dequeker, Sara

Abstract

Additional file 2. Surveillance COVID-19 in Belgian nursing homes (2020), summary of the validation rules for data cleaning

Published
2022
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23. MOESM2 of Point prevalence survey of antimicrobial use and healthcare-associated infections in Belgian acute care hospitals: results of the Global-PPS and ECDC-PPS 2017

Author

Vandael, Eline, Latour, Katrien, Goossens, Herman, Magerman, Koen, Drapier, Nico, Catry, Boudewijn, and Versporten, Ann

Abstract

Additional file 2: Table S2. Overview of antibiotic (J01) prescriptions by antibiotic subclass (ATC level 4) and by indication, total results for Global and ECDC-PPS 2017 (Belgium, acute care hospitals).

Published
2020
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24. Point prevalence survey of antimicrobial use and healthcare-associated infections in Belgian acute care hospitals : results of the Global-PPS and ECDC-PPS 2017

Author

Vandael, Eline, Latour, Katrien, Goossens, Herman, Magerman, Koen, Drapier, Nico, Catry, Boudewijn, Versporten, Ann, Andre, Marie, Aouachria, Samy, Aoun, Mickael, Bafort, Kristof, Bartholomeus, Sofie, Blumental, Sophie, Bothy, Anais, Brands, Christiane, Brassinne, Laetitia, Briquet, Caroline, Cartuyvels, Reinoud, Ceyssens, Clara, Cooreman, Sarah, Decleire, Pierre-Yves, Declercq, Philippe, De Cooman, Liesbeth, De Cuyper, Inge, Degraeve, Dirk, Delaere, Benedicte, Delvallee, Melanie, Desmedt, Marjoleine, Diaz, Victoria, Dragos, Ilisei, Dugernier, Thierry, Elsen, Elodie, Filippin, Lorenzo, Firre, Eric, Frans, Johan, Gabriels, Patrick, Gadisseux, Philippe, Gerard, Michele, Glibert, Bart, Goegebuer, Truus, Gonissen, Viviane, Harrouk, Antoine, Holemans, Xavier, Honore, Aline, Ide, Louis, Jansens, Hilde, Kidd, Francois, Koch, Annelies, Konopnicki, Deborah, Lefevre, Philippe, Lespagnard, Marc, Lorent, Sophie, Maillart, Evelyne, Mallet, Martine, Markowicz, Samuel, Mathieu, Delphine, Michel, Philippe, Noirhomme, Severine, Papin, Pauline, Piette, Anne, Pollet, Leen, Rossi, Camelia, Schatt, Patricia, Sermijn, Erica, Sterckx, Astrid, Steyaert, Sophia, Swinnen, Walter, Teixeira Lopes, Liliana, Thoelen, Inge, Turkova, Myriam, Van den Abeele, Anne-Marie, Van den Berg, Valerie, Van der beek, Danielle, Vanderper, Vanessa, Vandevelde, Marc, Vandewal, Wouter, Van Herendael, Bruno, Vanheule, Geert, Van Hoecke, Frederik, Van Kerkhoven, Dana, Van Liedekerke, Ann, Vanneste, Lorenz, Vekemans, Marc, Vercheval, Christelle, Verhamme, Katia, Verniest, Thessa, Westerlinck, Veerle, Wybo, Ingrid, Belgian Point Prevalence Survey, Swinnen, Walter/0000-0001-5387-149X, and Vriendenkring VUB

Subjects
Male, Antibiotics, Drug resistance, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Medical microbiology, Drug Utilization Review, Belgium, Risk Factors, Acute care, Antimicrobial consumption, Prevalence, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Point prevalence survey, Child, health care economics and organizations, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, Medicine(all), Aged, 80 and over, Cross Infection, Pharmacology. Therapy, Middle Aged, Antimicrobial, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Microbiology (medical), Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, medicine.drug_class, education, Healthcare-associated infections, Microbiology, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Young Adult, Internal medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Medical prescription, Biology, Aged, Science & Technology, business.industry, Research, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Généralités, medicine.disease, Health Surveys, Confidence interval, Pneumonia, Acute care hospitals, Human medicine, business
Abstract

Background: The point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial use organized by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC-PPS) and the Global Point Prevalence Survey of antimicrobial consumption (Global-PPS) were simultaneously performed in Belgian acute care hospitals in 2017. Methods: Belgian acute care hospitals were invited to participate in either the ECDC or Global-PPS. Hospital/ward/patient-level data were collected between September-December 2017. All patients present in the wards at 8 a.m. on the day of the PPS were included. The data of the ECDC and Global-PPS on antimicrobial consumption were pooled. Detailed data on HAIs were analysed for ECDC-PPS. Results: Overall, 110 Belgian acute care hospital sites participated in the ECDC and Global-PPS (countrywide participation rate: 81.4%, 28,007 patients). Overall, a crude prevalence of patients with at least one antimicrobial of 27.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 26.5-27.6%) was found. The most frequently reported indications were pneumonia (23.2%), urinary tract infections (15.2%) and skin and soft tissue infections (11.9%). The reason for antimicrobial use was recorded for 81.9% of the prescriptions, a stop/review date for 40.8% and compliance with local antibiotic guidelines for 76.6%. In the ECDC-PPS, the crude prevalence of patients with at least one HAI was 7.3% (95%CI 6.8-7.7%). Most frequently reported HAIs were pneumonia (21.6%) and urinary tract infections (21.3%). Conclusions: HAI and antimicrobial use prevalence remained stable in comparison with the previous PPS (7.1% and 27.4% in 2011 and 2015, respectively). Belgian hospitals should be further stimulated to set local targets to improve antibiotic prescribing and reduce HAI., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2020

27. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections, estimated incidence and composite antimicrobial resistance index in acute care hospitals and long-term care facilities: results from two European point prevalence surveys, 2016 to 2017

Author

Suetens, Carl, Latour, Katrien, Kärki, Tommi, Ricchizzi, Enrico, Kinross, Pete, Moro, Maria Luisa, Jans, Béatrice, Hopkins, Susan, Hansen, Sonja, Lyytikäinen, Outi, Reilly, Jacqui, Deptula, Aleksander, Zingg, Walter, Plachouras, Diamantis, and Monnet, Dominique L

Subjects
LTCF, animal structures, HAI, healthcare-associated infections, AMR, antimicrobial resistance, hospitals, PPS, long-term care facilities, point prevalence survey, burden
Abstract

Point prevalence surveys of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) and antimicrobial use in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) from 2016 to 2017 included 310,755 patients from 1,209 acute care hospitals (ACH) in 28 countries and 117,138 residents from 2,221 long-term care facilities (LTCF) in 23 countries. After national validation, we estimated that 6.5% (cumulative 95% confidence interval (cCI): 5.4-7.8%) patients in ACH and 3.9% (95% cCI: 2.4-6.0%) residents in LTCF had at least one HAI (country-weighted prevalence). On any given day, 98,166 patients (95% cCI: 81,022-117,484) in ACH and 129,940 (95% cCI: 79,570-197,625) residents in LTCF had an HAI. HAI episodes per year were estimated at 8.9 million (95% cCI: 4.6-15.6 million), including 4.5 million (95% cCI: 2.6-7.6 million) in ACH and 4.4 million (95% cCI: 2.0-8.0 million) in LTCF; 3.8 million (95% cCI: 3.1-4.5 million) patients acquired an HAI each year in ACH. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to selected AMR markers was 31.6% in ACH and 28.0% in LTCF. Our study confirmed a high annual number of HAI in healthcare facilities in the EU/EEA and indicated that AMR in HAI in LTCF may have reached the same level as in ACH.

Published
2019

28. Additional file 1: of Asymptomatic bacteriuria in older adults: the most fragile women are prone to long-term colonization

Author

Biggel, Michael, Heytens, Stefan, Latour, Katrien, Bruyndonckx, Robin, Goossens, Herman, and Moons, Pieter

Subjects
body regions, nervous system, fungi, urologic and male genital diseases, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications
Abstract

Causative species of asymptomatic bacteriuria identified in sampling rounds S1 or S2 separated by gender. (PDF 143 kb)

Published
2019
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29. Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis

Author

Cassini, Alessandro Hogberg, Liselotte Diaz Plachouras, Diamantis Quattrocchi, Annalisa Hoxha, Ana Simonsen, Gunnar Skov Colomb-Cotinat, Melanie Kretzschmar, Mirjam E. and Devleesschauwer, Brecht Cecchini, Michele Ouakrim, Driss Ait and Oliveira, Tiago Cravo Struelens, Marc J. Suetens, Carl and Monnet, Dominique L. Strauss, Reinhild Mertens, Karl Struyf, Thomas Catry, Boudewijn Latour, Katrien Ivanov, Ivan Nikolaev Dobreva, Elina Georgieva Tambic Andrasevic, Arjana and Soprek, Silvija Budimir, Ana Paphitou, Niki Zemlickova, Helena Olsen, Stefan Schytte Sonksen, Ute Wolff Martin, Pille Ivanova, Marina Lyytikainen, Outi Jalava, Jari and Coignard, Bruno Eckmanns, Tim Abu Sin, Muna Haller, Sebastian Daikos, George L. Gikas, Achilleas Tsiodras, Sotirios Kontopidou, Flora Toth, Akos Hajdu, Agnes and Guolaugsson, Olafur Kristinsson, Karl G. Murchan, Stephen and Burns, Karen Dsstat, Patrizio Pezzotti Gagliotti, Carlo and Dumpis, Uga Liuimiene, Agne Perrin, Monique Borg, Michael A. and de Greeff, Sabine C. Monen, Jos C. M. Koek, Mayke B. G. and Elstrom, Petter Zabicka, Dorota Deptula, Aleksander and Hryniewicz, Waleria Canica, Manuela Nogueira, Paulo Jorge and Fernandes, Paulo Andre Manageiro, Vera Popescu, Gabriel Adrian and Serban, Roxana Ioana Schreterova, Eva Litvova, Slavka and Stefkovicova, Maria Kolman, Jana Klavs, Irena Korosec, Ales and Aracil, Belen Asensio, Angel Perez-Vazquez, Maria and Billstrom, Hanna Larsson, Sofie Reilly, Jacqui S. Johnson, Alan Hopkins, Susan Burden Amr Collaborative Grp

Abstract

Background Infections due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria are threatening modern health care. However, estimating their incidence, complications, and attributable mortality is challenging. We aimed to estimate the burden of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria of public health concern in countries of the EU and European Economic Area (EEA) in 2015, measured in number of cases, attributable deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Methods We estimated the incidence of infections with 16 antibiotic resistance-bacterium combinations from European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net) 2015 data that was country-corrected for population coverage. We multiplied the number of bloodstream infections (BSIs) by a conversion factor derived from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control point prevalence survey of health-care-associated infections in European acute care hospitals in 2011-12 to estimate the number of non-BSIs. We developed disease outcome models for five types of infection on the basis of systematic reviews of the literature. Findings From EARS-Net data collected between Jan 1, 2015, and Dec 31, 2015, we estimated 671 689 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 583 148-763 966) infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria, of which 63.5% (426 277 of 671 689) were associated with health care. These infections accounted for an estimated 33 110 (28 480-38 430) attributable deaths and 874 541 (768 837-989 068) DALYs. The burden for the EU and EEA was highest in infants (aged

Published
2019

30. Additional file 2: of Asymptomatic bacteriuria in older adults: the most fragile women are prone to long-term colonization

Author

Biggel, Michael, Heytens, Stefan, Latour, Katrien, Bruyndonckx, Robin, Goossens, Herman, and Moons, Pieter

Abstract

Prevalence of long-term ABU and transient ABU in different risk factor groups. Long-term ABU and transient ABU cases among 91 participants who were included in the analysis of both sampling rounds S1 and S2 (no ABU episode: n = 47, transient ABU: n = 17, long-term ABU: n = 27). (PDF 112 kb)

Published
2019
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31. Prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms in nursing homes in Belgium in 2015

Author

Latour, Katrien, Huang, Te-Din, Jans, Béatrice, Berhin, Catherine, Bogaerts, Pierre, Noel, Audrey, Nonhoff, Claire, Dodemont, Magali, Denis, Olivier, Ieven, Margareta, Loens, Katherine, Schoevaerdts, Didier, Catry, Boudewijn, Glupczynski, Youri, Latour, Katrien, Huang, Te-Din, Jans, Béatrice, Berhin, Catherine, Bogaerts, Pierre, Noel, Audrey, Nonhoff, Claire, Dodemont, Magali, Denis, Olivier, Ieven, Margareta, Loens, Katherine, Schoevaerdts, Didier, Catry, Boudewijn, and Glupczynski, Youri

Abstract

Objectives Following two studies conducted in 2005 and 2011, a third prevalence survey of multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MDRO) was organised in Belgian nursing homes (NHs) using a similar methodology. The aim was to measure the prevalence of carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLE) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in NH residents. Risk factors for MDRO carriage were also explored. Methods Up to 51 randomly selected residents per NH were screened for MDRO carriage by trained local nurses between June and October 2015. Rectal swabs were cultured for ESBLE, CPE and VRE, while pooled samples of nose, throat and perineum and chronic wound swabs were obtained for culture of MRSA. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, molecular detection of resistance genes and strain genotyping were performed. Significant risk factors for MDRO colonization MDRO was determined by univariate and multivariable analysis. Results Overall, 1447 residents from 29 NHs were enrolled. The mean weighted prevalence of ESBLE and MRSA colonization was 11.3% and 9.0%, respectively. Co-colonization occurred in 1.8% of the residents. VRE and CPE carriage were identified in only one resident each. Impaired mobility and recent treatment with fluoroquinolones or with combinations of sulphonamides and trimethoprim were identified as risk factors for ESBLE carriage, while for MRSA these were previous MRSA carriage/infection, a stay in several different hospital wards during the past year, and a recent treatment with nitrofuran derivatives. Current antacid use was a predictor for both ESBL and MRSA carriage. Conclusions In line with the evolution of MRSA and ESBL colonization/infection in hospitals, a decline in MRSA carriage and an increase in ESBLE prevalence was seen in Belgian NHs between 2005 and 2015. These results show that a systemic approach, includi, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2019

32. Additional file 1: of Characteristics of the antibiotic regimen that affect antimicrobial resistance in urinary pathogens

Author

Catry, Boudewijn, Latour, Katrien, Bruyndonckx, Robin, Diba, Camellia, Geerdens, Candida, and Coenen, Samuel

Abstract

Table S1. Distribution of Escherichia (E.) coli isolates (n = 7379) per patient (retired, n = 5650) retrieved from 15 voluntary participating Belgian clinical laboratories (January 2005 – December 2005), for which an antimicrobial was prescribed (minimum 2 days before sampling) during the study period (July 2004–December 2005). Table S2 Average number of defined daily dose (DDD) by gender prior to the isolation of uropathogens from retired patients (n = 5650) in Belgium (2004–2005). (DOCX 16 kb)

Published
2018
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34. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections, estimated incidence and composite antimicrobial resistance index in acute care hospitals and long-term care facilities: results from two European point prevalence surveys, 2016 to 2017

Author

Suetens, Carl, Latour, Katrien, Karki, Tommi, Ricchizzi, Enrico, Kinross, Pete, Moro, Maria Luisa, Jans, Beatrice, Hopkins, Susan, Hansen, Sonja, Lyytikainen, Outi, Reilly, Jacqui, Deptula, Aleksander, Zingg, Walter, Plachouras, Diamantis, Monnet, Dominique L., Infections Prevalence Study Group, Healthcare-Associated, Różańska, Anna, and Wójkowska-Mach, Jadwiga

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Epidemiology, Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use, Prevalence, Drug Resistance, Nursing Homes/statistics & numerical data, point prevalence survey, burden, 0302 clinical medicine, Anti-Infective Agents, Acute care, 80 and over, Homes for the Aged, AMR, 030212 general & internal medicine, HAI, LTCF, PPS, antimicrobial resistance, healthcare-associated infections, hospitals, long-term care facilities, media_common, Aged, 80 and over, Cross Infection, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Bacterial, Hospitals/statistics & numerical data, Hospitals, 3. Good health, Europe, Female, Erratum, Cross Infection/drug therapy/epidemiology/microbiology, Healthcare associated infections, medicine.medical_specialty, animal structures, 030106 microbiology, Europe/epidemiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, Virology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, Humans, European union, Aged, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Long-Term Care, Confidence interval, Nursing Homes, Long-term care, Emergency medicine, Homes for the Aged/statistics & numerical data, business
Abstract

Point prevalence surveys of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) and antimicrobial use in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) from 2016 to 2017 included 310,755 patients from 1,209 acute care hospitals (ACH) in 28 countries and 117,138 residents from 2,221 long-term care facilities (LTCF) in 23 countries. After national validation, we estimated that 6.5% (cumulative 95% confidence interval (cCI): 5.4-7.8%) patients in ACH and 3.9% (95% cCI: 2.4-6.0%) residents in LTCF had at least one HAI (country-weighted prevalence). On any given day, 98,166 patients (95% cCI: 81,022-117,484) in ACH and 129,940 (95% cCI: 79,570-197,625) residents in LTCF had an HAI. HAI episodes per year were estimated at 8.9 million (95% cCI: 4.6-15.6 million), including 4.5 million (95% cCI: 2.6-7.6 million) in ACH and 4.4 million (95% cCI: 2.0-8.0 million) in LTCF; 3.8 million (95% cCI: 3.1-4.5 million) patients acquired an HAI each year in ACH. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to selected AMR markers was 31.6% in ACH and 28.0% in LTCF. Our study confirmed a high annual number of HAI in healthcare facilities in the EU/EEA and indicated that AMR in HAI in LTCF may have reached the same level as in ACH. ispartof: EUROSURVEILLANCE vol:23 issue:46 pages:41-+ ispartof: location:Sweden status: published

Published
2018

36. Prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms in nursing homes in Belgium in 2015

Author

Latour, Katrien, primary, Huang, Te-Din, additional, Jans, Béatrice, additional, Berhin, Catherine, additional, Bogaerts, Pierre, additional, Noel, Audrey, additional, Nonhoff, Claire, additional, Dodémont, Magali, additional, Denis, Olivier, additional, Ieven, Margareta, additional, Loens, Katherine, additional, Schoevaerdts, Didier, additional, Catry, Boudewijn, additional, and Glupczynski, Youri, additional

Published
2019
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37. Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis

Author

Cassini, Alessandro, primary, Högberg, Liselotte Diaz, additional, Plachouras, Diamantis, additional, Quattrocchi, Annalisa, additional, Hoxha, Ana, additional, Simonsen, Gunnar Skov, additional, Colomb-Cotinat, Mélanie, additional, Kretzschmar, Mirjam E, additional, Devleesschauwer, Brecht, additional, Cecchini, Michele, additional, Ouakrim, Driss Ait, additional, Oliveira, Tiago Cravo, additional, Struelens, Marc J, additional, Suetens, Carl, additional, Monnet, Dominique L, additional, Strauss, Reinhild, additional, Mertens, Karl, additional, Struyf, Thomas, additional, Catry, Boudewijn, additional, Latour, Katrien, additional, Ivanov, Ivan N, additional, Dobreva, Elina G, additional, Tambic Andraševic, Arjana, additional, Soprek, Silvija, additional, Budimir, Ana, additional, Paphitou, Niki, additional, Žemlicková, Helena, additional, Schytte Olsen, Stefan, additional, Wolff Sönksen, Ute, additional, Märtin, Pille, additional, Ivanova, Marina, additional, Lyytikäinen, Outi, additional, Jalava, Jari, additional, Coignard, Bruno, additional, Eckmanns, Tim, additional, Abu Sin, Muna, additional, Haller, Sebastian, additional, Daikos, George L, additional, Gikas, Achilleas, additional, Tsiodras, Sotirios, additional, Kontopidou, Flora, additional, Tóth, Ákos, additional, Hajdu, Ágnes, additional, Guólaugsson, Ólafur, additional, Kristinsson, Karl G, additional, Murchan, Stephen, additional, Burns, Karen, additional, Pezzotti, Patrizio, additional, Gagliotti, Carlo, additional, Dumpis, Uga, additional, Liuimiene, Agne, additional, Perrin, Monique, additional, Borg, Michael A, additional, de Greeff, Sabine C, additional, Monen, Jos CM, additional, Koek, Mayke BG, additional, Elstrøm, Petter, additional, Zabicka, Dorota, additional, Deptula, Aleksander, additional, Hryniewicz, Waleria, additional, Caniça, Manuela, additional, Nogueira, Paulo Jorge, additional, Fernandes, Paulo André, additional, Manageiro, Vera, additional, Popescu, Gabriel A, additional, Serban, Roxana I, additional, Schréterová, Eva, additional, Litvová, Slavka, additional, Štefkovicová, Mária, additional, Kolman, Jana, additional, Klavs, Irena, additional, Korošec, Aleš, additional, Aracil, Belén, additional, Asensio, Angel, additional, Pérez-Vázquez, María, additional, Billström, Hanna, additional, Larsson, Sofie, additional, Reilly, Jacqui S, additional, Johnson, Alan, additional, and Hopkins, Susan, additional

Published
2019
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38. Fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolates after exposure to non-fluoroquinolone antibiotics: a retrospective case-control study.

Author

Pinedo, Linda E Chaname, Bruyndonckx, Robin, Catry, Boudewijn, Latour, Katrien, Goossens, Herman, Abrams, Steven, Coenen, Samuel, and Chaname Pinedo, Linda E

Subjects
ANTIBIOTICS, ESCHERICHIA coli, RESEARCH, URINARY tract infections, RESEARCH methodology, RETROSPECTIVE studies, CASE-control method, MEDICAL cooperation, EVALUATION research, COMPARATIVE studies, ESCHERICHIA coli diseases, QUINOLONE antibacterial agents, DRUG resistance in microorganisms, MICROBIAL sensitivity tests, PHARMACODYNAMICS
Abstract

Objectives: To investigate whether prior exposure to non-fluoroquinolone antibiotics increases the risk of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli.Methods: This was a secondary analysis of data collected retrospectively in a case-control study linking microbiological test results (isolated bacteria and their susceptibility) of urine samples routinely collected from primary, secondary and tertiary care patients in Belgium with information on prior antibiotic use at the patient level up to 1 year previously.Results: In urine samples from 6125 patients, 7204 E. coli isolates were retrieved [1949 fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates (cases) and 5255 fluoroquinolone-susceptible isolates (controls)]. After adjusting for potential confounders (including fluoroquinolone use) and correcting for multiple testing there were lower odds of fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli isolates after exposure to cefazolin (OR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.52-0.81; P = 0.00014) and higher odds after exposure to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (OR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.23-1.97; P =0.00020) or nitrofurantoin (OR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.23-1.84; P =0.000083). A sensitivity analysis excluding samples with antibiotic use during the 6 months prior to the sampling date confirmed the higher odds of fluoroquinolone resistance after exposure to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and nitrofurantoin.Conclusions: Assuming no residual confounding or other biases, this study suggests that exposure to non-fluoroquinolone antibiotics, i.e. trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and nitrofurantoin, might be causally related to fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli isolates from urinary samples. Future prospective research is needed to confirm non-fluoroquinolone antibiotics as potential drivers of fluoroquinolone resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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43. Antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals: results from the second point prevalence survey (PPS) of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use, 2016 to 2017

Author

Plachouras, D., Karki, T., Hansen, S., Hopkins, S., Lyytikainen, O., Moro, M. L., Reilly, J., Zarb, P., Zingg, W., Kinross, P., Weist, K., Monnet, D. L., Suetens, C., Strauss, R., Presterl, E., Latour, K., Vandael, E., Dobreva, E., Ivanov, I. N., Budimir, A., Bosnjak, Z., Hadjihannas, L., Jindrak, V., Martin, P., Mitt, P., Sarvikivi, E., Daniau, C., Berger-Carbonne, A., Aghdassi, S., Gastmeier, P., Kontopidou, F., Arvaniti, K., Hajdu, A., Gudlaugsson, O., Zotti, C. M., Quattrocolo, F., Burns, K., Dimina, E., Vilde, A., Staniulyte, J., Debacker, M., Arendt, V., Borg, M. A., Hopmans, T., Smid, E., Berg, T. C., Alberg, T., Deptula, A., Rydygier, L., Neves, I., Pacheco, P., Serban, R. I., Niculcea, A. S., Markovic-Denic, L., Dragovac, G., Litvova, S., Stefkovicova, M., Zupanc, T. L., Korosec, A., Asensio, A., Cantero, M., Johnson, A., Sartaj, M., Mcconaghy, M., Cairns, S., Gibbons, C., Nedyalkov, M., Hristova, R., Harrison, W., Florentin, D., Latour, Katrien, Vandael, Eline, and Point Prevalence Survey Study Group

Subjects
Author's Correction, 0301 basic medicine, Male, Epidemiology, Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology, Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use, antibiotic use, 0302 clinical medicine, Anti-Infective Agents, Antibiotics, Acute care, Surveys and Questionnaires, Antimicrobial stewardship, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, 030212 general & internal medicine, Respiratory Tract Infections, Tuberculosis -- Case studies, media_common, Cross Infection, Respiratory tract infections, Drug Utilization/statistics & numerical data, Hospitals/statistics & numerical data, Penicillins/therapeutic use, Antimicrobial, Hospitals, Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology, 3. Good health, Community-Acquired Infections, Intensive Care Units, healthcare-associated infections, surveillance, Anti-infective agents, Infection -- Control, Female, beta-Lactamase Inhibitors, medicine.medical_specialty, Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data, 030106 microbiology, Penicillins, Drug Prescriptions, Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors/therapeutic use, 03 medical and health sciences, Surgical prophylaxis, Virology, Cross Infection/drug therapy/epidemiology, point-prevalence survey, medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, Humans, antimicrobial use, hospitals, European union, Intensive care medicine, Adverse effect, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Drug Utilization, Antimicrobial use, business
Abstract

Antimicrobial agents used to treat infections are lifesaving. Overuse may result in more frequent adverse effects and emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. In 2016–17, we performed the second pointprevalence survey (PPS) of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals. We included 1,209 hospitals and 310,755 patients in 28 of 31 European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries. The weighted prevalence of antimicrobial use in the EU/EEA was 30.5% (95% CI: 29.2–31.9%). The most common indication for prescribing antimicrobials was treatment of a community-acquired infection, followed by treatment of HAI and surgical prophylaxis. Over half (54.2%) of antimicrobials for surgical prophylaxis were prescribed for more than 1 day. The most common infections treated by antimicrobials were respiratory tract infections and the most commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents were penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors. There was wide variation of patients on antimicrobials, in the selection of antimicrobial agents and in antimicrobial stewardship resources and activities across the participating countries. The results of the PPS provide detailed information on antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals, enable comparisons between countries and hospitals, and highlight key areas for national and European action that will support efforts towards prudent use of antimicrobials., peer-reviewed

Published
2018

44. Flemish consensus statement on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections in older nursing home residents.

Author

Langbeen J, Saegeman V, Heireman L, Magerman K, Jansens H, Van Kerkhoven D, Dhaeze W, De Lepeleire J, Latour K, Coenen I, Ho E, Vereecke D, Jouck D, Van Hoecke F, and Vogelaers D

Abstract

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most commonly reported infections in Belgian nursing home residents. In older adults, UTI diagnosis and management is complex, often leading to over-diagnosis and irrational antimicrobial use, stressing the need for a guideline approach., Objectives and Methods: A consensus statement on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of UTIs in older adults residing in nursing homes was developed in a collaborative effort between the Flemish Hospital Outbreak Support Teams, the Flemish Agency for Care and Health, the Association of the Flemish Coordinating and Advising General Practitioners, the Belgian Association of Urology, the Belgian Society for Gerontology and Geriatrics and PhD researchers based on a combination of clinical expertise, (inter)national guidelines and peer-reviewed studies., Results: Optimizing fluid intake, appropriate toilet behaviour and posture, mobilization and local estrogen therapy in women are of proven value in UTI prevention, whereas the use of cranberry and probiotics is not to be advocated. The importance of avoiding bladder catheterization is stressed. In older nursing home residents, the diagnosis of UTIs remains challenging, mostly due to atypical systemic symptoms. A consensus diagnostic algorithm for UTI among residents with and without a urinary catheter was developed, including the presence of suggestive clinical symptoms and a positive urine culture. Urine dipsticks have a high negative but a low positive predictive value. C-reactive protein point-of-care testing is not recommended. Asymptomatic bacteriuria should not be screened for, in order to avoid unnecessary triggers for treatment. In cystitis, nitrofurantoin is the primary choice for treatment, with fosfomycin as an alternative; in prostatitis and uncomplicated pyelonephritis a fluoroquinolone is the advocated empirical antimicrobial.

Published
2024
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45. Antimicrobial use in European long-term care facilities: results from the third point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use, 2016 to 2017.

Author

Ricchizzi E, Latour K, Kärki T, Buttazzi R, Jans B, Moro ML, Nakitanda OA, Plachouras D, Monnet DL, Suetens C, and Kinross P

Subjects
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross Infection epidemiology, Cross Infection microbiology, Europe epidemiology, Female, Health Care Surveys, Homes for the Aged statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Surveys and Questionnaires, Anti-Infective Agents therapeutic use, Cross Infection drug therapy, Drug Utilization statistics & numerical data, Long-Term Care statistics & numerical data, Nursing Homes statistics & numerical data, Practice Patterns, Physicians' statistics & numerical data
Abstract

Antimicrobials are commonly prescribed and contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). In 2010, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control initiated point prevalence surveys (PPS) of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in European LTCFs, performed by external contractors as the Healthcare-Associated infections in Long-Term care facilities (HALT) projects. Here, we investigated prevalence and characteristics of antimicrobial use and antimicrobial stewardship indicators in European LTCFs in 2016-17. Twenty-four European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Serbia participated in the third PPS in European LTCFs. Overall, 4.9% (95% confidence interval: 4.8-5.1) of LTCF residents in the EU/EEA participating countries received at least one antimicrobial. The most commonly reported Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) groups were beta-lactam antibacterials/penicillins (J01C), other antibacterials (J01X) (e.g. glycopeptide antibacterials, polymyxins), quinolones (J01M), sulfonamides and trimethoprim (J01E), and other beta-lactams (J01D). Urinary tract infections and respiratory tract infections were the main indications for antimicrobial prescription. This PPS provides updated and detailed information on antimicrobial use in LTCFs across the EU/EEA that can be used to identify targets for future interventions, follow-up of these interventions and promote prudent use of antimicrobials in European LTCFs.

Published
2018
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46. Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections, estimated incidence and composite antimicrobial resistance index in acute care hospitals and long-term care facilities: results from two European point prevalence surveys, 2016 to 2017.

Author

Suetens C, Latour K, Kärki T, Ricchizzi E, Kinross P, Moro ML, Jans B, Hopkins S, Hansen S, Lyytikäinen O, Reilly J, Deptula A, Zingg W, Plachouras D, and Monnet DL

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Cross Infection microbiology, Europe epidemiology, Female, Humans, Incidence, Long-Term Care, Male, Prevalence, Anti-Infective Agents therapeutic use, Cross Infection drug therapy, Cross Infection epidemiology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Homes for the Aged statistics & numerical data, Hospitals statistics & numerical data, Nursing Homes statistics & numerical data
Abstract

Point prevalence surveys of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) and antimicrobial use in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) from 2016 to 2017 included 310,755 patients from 1,209 acute care hospitals (ACH) in 28 countries and 117,138 residents from 2,221 long-term care facilities (LTCF) in 23 countries. After national validation, we estimated that 6.5% (cumulative 95% confidence interval (cCI): 5.4-7.8%) patients in ACH and 3.9% (95% cCI: 2.4-6.0%) residents in LTCF had at least one HAI (country-weighted prevalence). On any given day, 98,166 patients (95% cCI: 81,022-117,484) in ACH and 129,940 (95% cCI: 79,570-197,625) residents in LTCF had an HAI. HAI episodes per year were estimated at 8.9 million (95% cCI: 4.6-15.6 million), including 4.5 million (95% cCI: 2.6-7.6 million) in ACH and 4.4 million (95% cCI: 2.0-8.0 million) in LTCF; 3.8 million (95% cCI: 3.1-4.5 million) patients acquired an HAI each year in ACH. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to selected AMR markers was 31.6% in ACH and 28.0% in LTCF. Our study confirmed a high annual number of HAI in healthcare facilities in the EU/EEA and indicated that AMR in HAI in LTCF may have reached the same level as in ACH.

Published
2018
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