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In the future new power system, the multi-agent trusted transaction and information security in the virtual power plant (VPP) will be complex and challenging. The features of blockchain technology, such as information security, distribution decision, smart contract and tamper-proof, provide a new idea for VPP multi-subject trusted transaction. This paper focuses on the benefits maximization formed by multi-aggregator inside VPPs and the efficiency of trusted transaction matching. Firstly, according to the different demands of transaction subjects, a master and multi-slave hierarchical interactive control architecture is established to integrate blockchain technology with multi-agent system. Secondly, a credible transaction matching mechanism is designed under the demand of multi-aggregator peer to peer transaction, and non-cooperative game model is introduced to ensure the interests of multi-aggregator subjects. Then, the blockchain-based distributed particle swarm optimization algorithm proposes a consensus algorithm improved by delegated proof-of-authority (DPoA) to improve the security of the transaction. Finally, the rationality and feasibility of the strategy proposed in this paper are verified by an example analysis, which effectively enhances the matching efficiency and security of multi-agent transactions.

In response to the problems of current electromagnetic compatibility testing methods for elevator control cabinets, including low intelligence, cumbersome operation, and lack of elevator system status monitoring, this paper proposes an electromagnetic compatibility testing method for elevator control cabinets and designs a set of electromagnetic compatibility testing and control system for elevator control cabinets. The author constructed an "upper computer+ lower computer" control system architecture, developed an embedded controller based on ARM, designed application software for upper and lower computers of the automatic testing process and control system, implemented such functions as sensor signal acquisition and CAN bus communication for elevator control cabinets, and realized the real-time monitoring of electromagnetic compatibility testing of elevator control cabinets and elevator system status. Then, the author used this system to carry out the conducted immunity, voltage dip, voltage interruption, electrical fast transient pulse group and surge tests on elevator control cabinets, and conducted simulation tests on elevator control cabinets for sensor signal abnormalities, power supply failures, and communication anomalies. The results show that the electromagnetic compatibility testing and control system of the elevator control cabinet operates stably, with accurate data collection and simple operation, accurately and efficiently identifies various types of faults, meets the needs of elevator manufacturers and testing institutions for electromagnetic compatibility testing, and compared with previous testing methods, reduces testing manpower input by about 67%.

Electricity trading among multiple microgrids often involves bounded rationality， manifested by varying preferences for losses， uncertainties， and short to long-term returns. This paper proposes a strategy for electricity trading among multiple microgrids considering bounded rationality， drawing on time preference theory and prospect theory. To maximize the revenue for all microgrids， their operators， taking a leading role， determine transaction prices to incentivize cooperative trading among microgrids. Microgrids， acting as followers， formulate a trading strategy while ensuring the maximization of their prospect values of time preference. A case analysis demonstrates that this strategy allows for the swift determination of transaction prices among microgrids， effectively enhancing overall microgrid revenue and the utilization rate of DG （distributed generation）.

The issue of strengthening the construction of economics courses, enhancing the moral development of economics professionals, and cultivating professionals with firm and lofty economics ideals is of utmost urgency. In this paper, we model the potential relationship prediction and global correspondence of economics curriculum civics in colleges and universities and then use the sequence markers specific to the subset of relationships to deal with the overlap between entities and entities to complete the ternary extraction work and to realize the joint curriculum civics element entity relationship extraction. Fusion of entity attributes and structural features can be achieved by utilizing the dual attention mechanism, and hyperbolic spatial embedding in graph structure feature extraction can be utilized for entity alignment. The economics program at a university in Guangzhou implements classroom civics integration teaching reform after completing the named entity recognition task test on the dataset. It was found that compared to LEBRT, the current state-of-the-art method for incorporating lexicon information, the model in this paper achieved a performance improvement of 2.53%, 2.26%, and 3.47% in the three metrics, respectively. After one semester of teaching reform and model application, the four scores of Economics Interest, Economics Habit, Economics Confidence, and Economics Autonomous Learning Ability increased by 28.13, 28.65, 18.39, and 26.68 points, respectively, compared with the pre-test, and professionalism also improved by more than 10 points in all cases. This paper provides a useful exploration for optimizing classroom civics teaching methods and efficiency, as well as combining implicit civics with cutting-edge information technology.

Abstract It is a critical time to reflect on the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) science to date as well as envision what research can be done right now with NEON (and other) data and what training is needed to enable a diverse user community. NEON became fully operational in May 2019 and has pivoted from planning and construction to operation and maintenance. In this overview, the history of and foundational thinking around NEON are discussed. A framework of open science is described with a discussion of how NEON can be situated as part of a larger data constellation—across existing networks and different suites of ecological measurements and sensors. Next, a synthesis of early NEON science, based on >100 existing publications, funded proposal efforts, and emergent science at the very first NEON Science Summit (hosted by Earth Lab at the University of Colorado Boulder in October 2019) is provided. Key questions that the ecology community will address with NEON data in the next 10 yr are outlined, from understanding drivers of biodiversity across spatial and temporal scales to defining complex feedback mechanisms in human–environmental systems. Last, the essential elements needed to engage and support a diverse and inclusive NEON user community are highlighted: training resources and tools that are openly available, funding for broad community engagement initiatives, and a mechanism to share and advertise those opportunities. NEON users require both the skills to work with NEON data and the ecological or environmental science domain knowledge to understand and interpret them. This paper synthesizes early directions in the community’s use of NEON data, and opportunities for the next 10 yr of NEON operations in emergent science themes, open science best practices, education and training, and community building.

With the rapid economic development, the serious air pollution in Beijing attracts increasing attention in the last decade. Seen as one whole complex and grey system, the causal relationship between the social development and the air pollution in Beijing has been quantitatively analyzed in this paper. By using the grey relational model, the aim of this study is to explore how the socio-economic and human activities affect on the air pollution in the city of Beijing, China. Four air pollutants, as the particulate matter with size 2.5 micrometers or less (PM2.5), particulate matter with size 10 micrometers or less (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NOx), are selected as the indicators of air pollution. Additionally, fifteen socio-economic indicators are selected to account for the regional socio-economic characteristics (economy variables, energy consumption variables, pollution emissions variables, environment and construction activity variables). The results highlight that all variables are associated with the concentrations of the four selected air pollutants, but with notable differences between the air pollutants. Most of the socio-economic indicators, such as industrial output, total energy consumption are highly correlated with PM2.5, while PM10, SO2, and NOx present in general moderate correlations with most of the socio-economic variables. Contrary to other studies and reports this study reveals that vehicles and life energy do not have the strongest effect on air pollution in Beijing. This study provides useful information to reduce air pollution and support decision-making for sustainable development.

The Madeng hot spring emerges in the central river valley in the northeastern Lanping Basin in Jianchuan county of Yunnan Province in China. Quaternary sand and gravel occur in the valley which is underlain by the red beds consisting of sandstone and mudstone. The temperature of the hot spring is 42.1°C. The spring water has a pH value of 6.41, TDS of 3.98 g/L, F contents of 3.08 mg/L, and H2SiO3 of 35.6 mg/L. The hot water is of SO4•Cl-Na•Ca type. There is a slight hydrogen sulfide odor in the spring water. Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes indicate that the hot water is of meteoric origin. It is estimated that the elevation of the recharge area of the hot spring is approximately 3800 m, the age of the hot water is some 140 years, the temperature of the geothermal reservoir is 75°C–80°C, the mixture ratio of cold water is approximately 80%, and the circulation depth of the thermal groundwater is 1870 m. After receiving recharge from infiltration of precipitation in the mountainous recharge areas, the groundwater undergoes a deep circulation, obtains heat from the heat flow, flows upward along the fractured zone, and emerges as an upflow spring through the Quaternary sand and gravel in the central low-lying river valley.