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(1) Background: The administration of subcutaneous (SC) injectables is among the most frequent procedures a nurse performs in daily practice. The needle for the injection must pass through the skin barrier to reach the SC space, where the drug will be deposited. This procedure can cause pain to the patient and local lesions. Local fat measurement can be performed by measuring the skin fold. Previous studies have found higher levels of pain in people with obesity receiving SC insulin, and this study thus aimed to measure pain levels during and after an SC injection of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and identify how age, gender, and obesity may modulate the level of pain during and after the procedure. (2) Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, and the variables included age, gender, body mass index (BMI), BMI quartile, abdominal skin folds (ASFs), ASF quartile, and pain level during and after injection. A caliper was used to measure ASFs, height and weight were used to calculate BMI, and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to measure pain. (3) Results: The sample amounted to 202 participants, which was not considered representative of the study population. The average age was 64.3 years, and females predominated (62.40%). Of these participants, 42.5% were obese, and 29.1% were overweight. The average pain levels were low during (1.4) and after injection (1.9), highlighting the absence of pain during injection in 29.7% and after injection in 34.2%. (4) Conclusions: Obesity was associated with increased pain, but when adjusted for age, the pain was no longer significant. Females and young participants showed a significant relationship with pain during injection. Age, gender, and obesity had a statistically significant relationship with pain level. Participants with obesity (according to BMI and ASF) showed the highest levels of pain during and after injection. After injection, there was an increase in pain in most cases, possibly due to the discomfort caused by the drug itself, an aspect considered in the drug's technical data sheet as a frequent adverse effect (>1/10 to <1/100). However, the drug volume does not seem to be related to pain in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive oxygen species are produced by aerobic organisms, including humans, because of metabolism. They can oxidise biomolecules and cause degenerative and cardiovascular diseases (diabetes, atherosclerosis, and neurological damage, among others). However, the consumption of different plant products is related to the prevention of reactive oxygen species–mediated damage because they contain various antioxidants that inhibit the oxidation of biomolecules. Some important natural antioxidants are carotenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and vitamins. These molecules are found in various crops produced in Mexico, some of which have been cultivated for a long time, while others have emerged in recent years. The study of the antioxidant capacity of these crops has increased over time. Different methods are used to determine this capacity, depending on the type of antioxidants. In this review, we analyse the antioxidant quantification methods of various crops of interest in Mexico (traditional and emergent), as well as their relationship to prevent the oxidation of biomolecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A post-harvest disinfection was carried out on tomatoes based on natural extracts, one of them is commercial, made from extracts of citrus seeds, two were based on extracts of jamaica (hibiscus) calyxes, one aqueous and the other ethanolic, two control groups were also carried out based on treatments of chlorine and iodine. Quality parameters such as weight loss, color measurement and °Brix were determined. The color analysis indicates a characteristic color change of the tomatoes, and the natural extracts did not show a significant difference. The results of antioxidant capacity were a significant difference related to the storage time, being days 14 and 17 those with the highest antioxidant capacity, this increase is a consequence of the phytochemicals generated during post-cut storage. The quality of the tomatoes was similar among all the treatments, which indicates that the results were those expected and known by tomato sellers, buyers, and consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A sensory diagnostic of organic coffee from Otomí-Tepehua zone of Hidalgo state was carried out, which were subjected to 4 types of roasting: Medium roasting, Intense roasting, Very Intense roasting, and Artisanal roasting using a mud "comal." Also, a Blend was made (Medium, Intense, and Very Intense toasted coffee in 1:1:1 ratio). Sensory analysis was made using the verbal methods Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) and Flash profile. It was used 44 sensory attributes in CATA method, from which 10 had significant differences (p >.05). Flash profile method grouped the coffee samples according to their descriptor similarity mentioned by the consumers, and a nine-point hedonic test was also carried out. Both methods described all the coffee samples with similar sensory profiles, the results suggested that the Blend made a sensory profile similar to Artisanal roasting coffee. Nevertheless, the consumers differed in preference due to the intensity of the attributes was different of coffee roasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ornithophilous species Anagyris foetida L. is a Mediterranean shrub with highly fragmented populations and a mixed mating system. In a previous study, we analyzed the first 3 years of the life cycle of two progenies (selfed and outcrossed) grown from seed obtained by hand pollination and planted in an experimental garden in 2005. In that study, we found that inbreeding depression (ID) was manifested both reproductively and vegetatively throughout the life cycle, with male reproductive function being the most affected trait. In the present study, our main aim was to check the progression of the two progenies 12 years after transplantation. For this we analyzed their survival and their vegetative and reproductive traits. According to our results, levels of ID were similar to those obtained in the previous study, with some factors decreased and thus varying with the age of the studied individuals. Vegetative parameters were found to have a greater influence than reproductive ones (δ = 0.56 vs. δ = 0.36) on overall ID. As indicated by the global ID (δ = 0.72) the populations have a mating system that is intermediate between outcrossing and a mixed system. Furthermore, the lower male reproductive capacity of the selfed individuals has been maintained over time. Our study also demonstrates the importance of studying the ID value throughout the life cycle of plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peripheral populations (i.e., those occurring on the edge of a species' distribution range) can have different origins and genetic characteristics, and they may be critical for the conservation of genetic diversity. We investigated European peripheral populations of Scrophularia arguta, a widespread, annual plant distributed from Arabia to Northwest Africa and Macaronesia. Only two small disjunct population groups of this species occur in Europe, specifically in West‐Central and Southeast Iberia. To disclose the origin of these populations and determine their importance for the conservation of S. arguta genetic diversity, we analyzed DNA sequences from two nuclear and two plastid regions and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers in populations sampled mainly across the western distribution range of the species, and modeled the species distribution under present and late Quaternary conditions. The analyses revealed the presence of three distinct lineages of S. arguta in Europe, as a result of multiple colonization waves at different times in the Quaternary. Two of these lineages, occurring in Southeast Iberia, are the result of more or less recent dispersal from Northwest Africa. In contrast, West‐Central Iberian populations are strongly differentiated from the remaining range of S. arguta and can be considered as peripheral relict populations. Our study is the first to demonstrate the occurrence of at least three colonizations of the European continent from Africa by a native plant species. The diverse histories and genetic makeup of the resulting populations confirm the importance of peripheral populations, and particularly of ancient relict populations, for the conservation of global genetic diversity in widespread species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]