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Background: Both precooling the site and injecting a warm anesthetic solution have proven to be efficient in reducing pain individually. However, there is insufficient data on evaluating the efficiency of precooling the site of injection along with the simultaneous administration of a warm local anesthetic solution on the same site in a single patient. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy, pain perception, hemodynamic changes, and adverse effects of a warm local anesthetic solution injected on precooled injection sites using 2% lignocaine with the conventional local anesthetic technique during inferior alveolar nerve block in 7–9-year-old children. Methods: A split-mouth, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 70 children who received 2% lignocaine with either technique A or B during the first or second appointment of the treatment procedure. The pain perception, anesthetic efficacy, pulse rate, oxygen saturation levels, and adverse events were evaluated. Results: Pain during injection and treatment after administration of the warm local anesthesia (LA) technique was less as compared to the conventional block technique. Anesthetic success was observed with a faster onset of action (212.57 ± 32.51 s) and shorter duration of LA (165.16 ± 33.09 min) in the warm local technique as compared to the conventional technique. No significant differences were found with regard to heart rate and oxygen saturation levels between the two techniques. Administrating warm LA solutions at precooled injection sites revealed fewer adverse events. Conclusion: Injecting warm LA solution on precooled injection sites causes less discomfort and anxiety in children, which makes it more suitable for the child as well as the pediatric dentist.

Aim: The current study aimed to evaluate and compare, in vitro the colour stability and microleakage of a bioactive material and a resin infiltration material on hypomineralization in primary teeth. Methods: Sixty human primary molars and incisors, which has been exfoliated or extracted were immersed in a demineralizing solution. 20 each specimen were treated by a bioactive compound (ACTIVA KIDS Bioactive-RESTORATIVE, PULPDENT, USA) (Group A), resin infiltration (Icon, DMG, Germany) (Group B) and as Control group (group C). Evaluation of colour stability and microleakage was done by using spectrophotometer analysis. The difference in color stability and microleakage of all three groups was determined by statistical analysis with a one-way ANOVA test for the proportion of the groups. p

Palatal fistula is a major complication following cleft palate repair and in combination with premature primary teeth loss, compromises a child's mastication, nutrition, speech, and aesthetics. Other major symptoms comprise hyper nasality of voice and nasal regurgitation. Therefore, rehabilitation of the palatal defect and the partially edentulous space needs to be performed until the surgical repair of the palatal fistula is achieved. This case report describes the oral prosthetic rehabilitation of a 4-year-old patient with a palatal fistula and prematurely lost primary incisors utilizing a removable partial denture obturator.

Ectrodactyly–ectodermal dysplasia–cleft lip/palate (EEC) syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly. Infants affected with this syndrome experience feeding difficulties due to the presence of orofacial clefts, which in turn impedes nutrition and affects overall health. Due to the presence of oronasal communication in such infants, there is a lack of negative pressure necessary for suckling. Due to the cleft lip, these infants face trouble closing their mouths around the nipple of the mother or bottle and due to the cleft palate, the infants suffer from choking and nasal regurgitation during feeding due to the inability of the palate to separate the oral and nasal cavities. A feeding appliance is a crucial aid because it obturates the cleft and creates a platform against which the infant can press the nipple and extract milk until the cleft is surgically repaired. However, conventional feeding plates may be potentially dangerous due to the risk of accidental swallowing. Furthermore, the wire component of certain feeding appliances may cause tissue injury. KRIPA's feeding appliance incorporates an adjustable head strap and Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tube-enclosed retentive hooks which render it safer and more acceptable. This case report represents the fabrication of KRIPA's feeding appliance for a 3.5-month-old infant with EEC syndrome.

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has taken the form of a pandemic that is threatening the public health and economies across the world. Statistics from various studies initially provided relief due to the lower incidence of COVID-19 occurrence in children. However, this respite was short lived as recent studies suggest that the children tend to be mostly asymptomatic, therefore, raising the possibility of lower testing and subsequent lower detection of cases. Certain articles have even termed the children “silent killers” by accusing them of secretly transmitting the SARS-CoV-2 infection without anybody suspecting them. This particular point tends to be scary, especially for the pediatric dentists because of their proximity to children during treatment which may unknowingly place them at a greater risk of viral exposure if the concerned child is asymptomatic. This review article will try to find answers to why are children shielded from the symptoms and severity of this pandemic and will also provide the pediatric dentists with information to spot the “red flags” as soon as possible.

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF), an effective topical fluoride agent for arresting caries, has a reputation for staining the teeth. Potassium iodide (KI) has been reported to minimize such staining, but doubts remain over its long-term efficacy and potential adverse influence on the effectiveness of SDF. This in vitro study used quantitative evaluation of color changes and the silver and fluorde release of treated tooth specimens to determine the effect of KI on the staining and caries-arresting properties of SDF. Twenty-one noncarious premolars were sectioned buccolingually to create 42 tooth specimens that were divided into 3 groups for color comparison and ion release measurements. The specimens in the experimental group were treated with a combined SDF + KI product (n = 16),the specimens in the positive control group were treated with SDF (n = 16), and the specimens in the negative control group were untreated (n = 10). Digital color analysis was performed weekly for a month according to the CIE L.*a*b* color system of the International Commission on Illumination. Atomic spectrophotometry and ion-selective electrodes were used to measure the quantity of fluoride and silver ions released after 24 and 48 hours. The data from the color measurements were analyzed with the Friedman and Fisher tests, while the data from the ion release measurements were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney Uand Wilcoxon signed rank tests. The analysis revealed that KI reduced the dentinal staining caused by SDK but its effectiveness decreased over time as evidenced by the significantly deteriorating perceptual lightness (L*) values of SDF + KI-treated tooth specimens. The SDF + KI - treated specimens released significantly less silver and fluoride ions than the SDF-treated specimens. Because KI lost its stain-reducing property over time and reduced the effectiveness of SDK a better "antidote" to SDF staining is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]