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Pheochromocytoma is a rare catecholamine-producing tumor of the adrenal gland. Patients with known pheochromocytoma undergoing surgery require preoperative treatment with alpha-blockers to reduce the risk of intraoperative complications related to catecholamine release. If undiagnosed, pheochromocytoma can lead to life-threatening surgical complications. We report the case of a patient with a suspected solid pseudopapillary neoplasm in the pancreatic tail, for whom pancreatoduodenectomy was scheduled. However, shortly after abdominal incision, hypertensive crisis developed and was followed by severe hypotension requiring intravenous vasopressors, which prompted discontinuation of the operation. Further diagnostic evaluation revealed marked elevations in urinary excretion of methylated catecholamines and suggested that the tumor was in fact a pheochromocytoma extending from the left adrenal gland. After preoperative treatment with doxazosin, the patient underwent lateral transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy, with no major complications and an uneventful postoperative course. The pathological report confirmed a diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Due to the potential for life-threatening surgical complications in patients with pheochromocytoma not treated preoperatively with alpha-blockers, this tumor type should be included in the differential diagnosis of abdominal tumors of unknown origin.

Incidentaloma is defined as an tumor diagnosed accidentally using imaging studies performed due to other indications. The aim of this paper was to describe the diagnostic and treatment problems experienced by patients with adrenal incidentaloma in a clinical practice.

Coexistence of aortic coarctation with aneurysm of subclavian artery is a uncommon situation and may require unusual treatment in patients.

Introduction: We present a case of a 29-year-old patient treated due to fully symptomatic pheochromocytoma of the right adrenal gland.

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Background : This article reviews the current state of pharmaceutical care in community pharmacies in Poland and proposes a collaborative framework for its advancement. While pharmaceutical care has evolved significantly worldwide, with Europe leading the way, Poland has lagged in its development. Although Polish pharmacists are well-qualified and community pharmacies are numerous, pharmaceutical care remains underdeveloped. Methods : We conducted a literature review and analyzed case studies from European countries with advanced pharmaceutical services. Based on these findings, we collaborated with policy makers, commissioners, and academics to develop a framework for enhancing pharmaceutical care in Poland. The plan emphasizes integrating seven key services into Polish community pharmacies. Results : Our proposed framework outlines seven essential pharmaceutical services: medicine use reviews, new medicine services, minor ailment services, repeat prescription services, integrated prevention programs, cardiovascular disease prevention programs, and vaccination programs. Evidence from other European countries suggests that implementing these services could significantly improve health outcomes and patient quality of life. This is particularly important in light of Poland's ageing population, the rising prevalence of chronic diseases, and the healthcare system's increasing burden due to polypharmacy. Conclusions : The proposed framework presents a practical and collaborative approach to advancing pharmaceutical care in Poland. By adopting these key services, community pharmacies could play a more integral role in improving patient care quality and alleviating pressure on the broader healthcare system.

<b>Introduction:</b> Adrenal hemorrhage (AH) is a very rare and potentially life-threatening disease which may be secondary to trauma or of non-traumatic etiology.<b>Aim:</b> The aim of the study was to present the characteristics and management of adrenal hemorrhage and show that adrenal hemorrhage is more common than expected and that the clinical symptoms are not specific.<b>Materials and methods:</b> This retrospective study involved 199 patients with postoperative diagnosis of adrenal hemorrhage.<b>Discussion:</b> The factors identified as potential causes of adrenal hemorrhage are adrenocortical carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and adrenal adenoma. The study group included 199 patients with postoperative diagnosis of AH. It showed that all patients with postoperative diagnosis had pheochromocytoma (n = 54), adrenal adenoma (n = 68), or adenocarcinoma (n = 17). If we look more careful at the results, we can find only 30% of patients (n = 39) with preoperative diagnosis of AH. This group of 39 patients was prepared for expedited surgery. In this group of patients, the preoperative diagnosis of AH was pheochromocytoma 28% (n = 11), adenocarcinoma (n = 4), and adrenal adenoma (n = 9).<b>Conclusions:</b> Bleeding into adrenal tumors is still an insufficiently understood topic due to its unpredictability and, as can be seen in our material, of varying severity. Out of 199 patients, only 30% (n = 39) were prepared for surgery with a preoperative diagnosis of AH; most of them had pheochromocytoma. We suggest that is very important to prepare patients for surgery with a preoperative diagnosis of AH using α-adrenoreceptor antagonists. Prolongation of the diagnostic process (time between the imaging examination and the surgery) may result in the disease progressing and adrenal bleeding.

BACKGROUND Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy associated with unfavorable prognosis. It is mainly diagnosed in the fifth or sixth decade of life. Symptoms of ACC are associated with hormonal activity, presence of metastases, and size of the tumor. The treatment and prognosis depend on the stage of the disease assessed with the ENSAT staging system. CASE REPORT A 38-year-old White man was admitted to our department from the city hospital due to a huge hematoma of the right adrenal gland (130×100 mm). On admission, the patient's condition was stable, and no active bleeding or other complications were present. Therefore, initially, conservative treatment was performed. The control CT scan showed reduction of the hematoma (90×80 mm). Due to the unknown character of the tumor and the sudden onset of bleeding, the patient was prepared for elective surgery according to the phaeochromocytoma surgery protocol. Following preparation, the patient underwent right-sided adrenalectomy. In the postoperative histopathological examination, adrenocortical carcinoma was diagnosed, which allowed the patient to receive appropriate oncological treatment. CONCLUSIONS There is currently no clear algorithm for the management of adrenal hemorrhage. A hemodynamically unstable patient requires urgent surgical treatment. Patients in good general condition should be prepared for early elective surgery.

The presented research aimed to identify the impacts of the second wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on respondents' mental health state and identify variables related to the respondents' symptoms of anxiety and depression; 618 subjects participated in the research. A specially prepared survey and Polish adaptations of the following methods were used: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS 10), MINI-COPE Questionnaire (Brief COPE Inventory), Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), Scale of Death Anxiety (SDA), The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). Over 24% of the respondents reported having experienced suicidal thoughts since the start of the pandemic. Almost 16% drank alcohol in a risky or harmful way. The average value of perceived stress indicated its high and very high intensity. Over 20% had symptoms of anxiety disorders, and almost 19% had anxiety and depression symptoms. It means that almost 40% of the respondents probably have mental disorders. More women, younger people, and those with disorders prior to the onset of the pandemic were among those who manifested these disorders. They also used passive and avoidance stress coping strategies more frequently. In conclusion, the second wave of the pandemic negatively affected the mental health of the respondents. A high percentage of the respondents manifested anxiety and anxiety-depressive disorders and declared having of suicidal thoughts.

Introduction: Surgeries that spare the adrenal cortex during adrenalectomy have profound justification. Indications for this type of surgery are fairly strict, and more than 30 years of observations continuously verify the results of the procedure., Material and Methods: Of a total of 650 adrenalectomies, 22 (3.4%) were adrenal cortex-sparing surgeries. There were 16 women and six men in this group. In 10 cases, surgery was performed for pheochromocytoma, eight cases involved Conn's syndrome, and in four cases - paragangliomas located in the para-adrenal region. Secretory activity was identified in all cases., Results: Laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy was performed in 20 patients. Conversion to open laparotomy was necessary in two cases. In patients after bilateral resection of pheochromocytoma surgery, glucocorticoids were supplemented for six weeks. No significant surgical complications were observed in this group., Conclusions: Partial adrenalectomy for minor lesions should be a much more commonly utilised treatment method (of choice). Where bilateral adrenalectomy is necessary, a sparing procedure on one side protects patients from the need for hormonal substitution. The remaining part of the adrenal gland undertakes satisfactory secretory function after six weeks at the latest.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a potentially life-threatening, exfoliative disease. It is described as idiosyncratic, severe, skin reaction to drugs. With Stevens-Johnson's Syndrome, it presents as a continuum of a disease being categorized relating to the percentage of affected skin. Without any multicenter trials comparing TEN treatment modalities, there is dearth of strong evidence-based guidelines of care. Total plasma exchange with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is one among plethora of possible treatment strategies. In our 10-year experience, we have observed 21 patients admitted to our burns center due to TEN. All of them were placed under intensive care with daily plasmapheresis (TPE) and IVIG. We have observed 52% mortality, with observed severe concomitant diseases in every patient in nonsurvivor group (average Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score at admission: 31.5%). We consider that TPE with IVIG might be of use in selected group of patients with TEN without any severe comorbidities. However, further multicenter trials are needed because in some cases it may raise mortality., (© American Burn Association 2019. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Introduction: Extraperitoneal, abdominal paragangliomas most commonly originate from the sympathetic nervous system. Typical features include catecholamine overproduction and the potential for malignancy. Lesions are usually located paravertebrally, but when growing in a more expansive manner they may also appear between the inferior vena cava and aorta. In the authors' opinion this site excludes laparoscopic tumourectomy., Material and Methods: Twenty-eight patients were selected for surgical management of abdominal paragangliomas in the past eight years at our endocrine surgical centre. This group consisted of 21 (75%) women and seven (25%) men, aged 14 to 84 years (mean 47.9). In 13 (46.4%) cases paroxysmal hypertension was observed. Type 2 diabetes was noted in another 10 (35.7%) patients, and Takotsubo acute coronary syndrome in two (7.1%). Patients were preoperatively qualified for either open surgery or laparoscopic tumourectomy based on visualisation and location of the tumours in imaging studies., Results: All patients were successfully operated. Eleven (39.3%) patients qualified for laparoscopy, while the remaining 17 (60.7%) were treated with an open surgical approach due to difficult access to the lesion. The mean operative time was 130 minutes for laparoscopy and 120 minutes for laparotomy (p = 0.2). There were no local or general complications after either type of procedure., Conclusions: The use of laparoscopic access is practically excluded in the treatment of paragangliomas located between the inferior vena cava and aorta, especially at the level of the renal vessels and extending superiorly to the diaphragm.

The paper collates and summarizes information on stilbene derivatives, i.e. (E)-azastilbenes, taking into account the new possibilities of their applications, inter alia, in the natural environment. (E)-azastilbenes are biologically active, which is of great importance to humans and the whole ecosystem. As evidenced by a number of studies, they show fungistatic, fungitoxic and, depending on the concentration, estrogenic properties. Due to their properties, (E)-azastilbenes are still of great interest to researchers, who have high hopes for their pharmacological use or the possibility of using them as antiseptics, disinfectants, or preservatives in various products, including the environmental ones. Because of the difficulties with their determination, the study assumes optimal conditions of (E)-azastilbenes extraction from environmental samples and the technique of isotachophoresis is employed for the first time in this type of analysis. The highest recovery values ranging from 83 to 97% were obtained on the aryl extraction columns. The range of linearity of the developed method on the naphthylpropyl column ranged from 5 to 300 µg/mL.

Introduction: Adrenal cysts develop in up to about 0.2% of the overall population. They may account for up to 11% of all pathologies of adrenal glands., Aim: Is laparoscopic resection of adrenal cysts a method for the treatment of these pathologies?, Material and Methods: In the years 2010-2017, a total of 27 patients underwent surgery due to adrenal cysts; those included 18 (66.7%) women and 9 (33.3%) men aged 29 to 84 years (mean age: 42.7). Cyst diameter ranged from 55 to 130 mm. After exclusion of hormonal hyperactivity, parasitic cysts, or, to the best possible extent, cancer lesions, patients were qualified for adrenal-sparing laparoscopic surgery., Results: All patients were subjected to laparoscopic surgery. Cystic wall resection was performed in 15 (55.6%) patients while adrenalectomy was performed in the remaining 12 (44.4%) patients. The decision regarding the extent of the surgery was made intraoperatively. Histopathological assessment revealed pathological adrenal lesions in as few as 3 (11.1%) patients, with the rest of the study population, i.e. 24 (88.9%), presenting with normal adrenal tissue., Conclusions: Laparoscopic resection of adrenal cysts appears to be recommendable as a method for the treatment of these pathologies. It is simpler than adrenalectomy and associated with low risk of any pathological lesion remaining within the adrenal gland following careful intraoperative assessment by an experienced surgeon.

Introduction: Lateral transabdominal adrenalectomy (LTA) is the most common minimally invasive technique used to treat patients with adrenal tumors., Aim: To analyze intra-operative and post-operative complications and reasons for conversion to open surgery in patients who underwent LTA and had previous abdominal surgery., Material and Methods: Five hundred and nineteen patients underwent LTA in our center between 2005 and 2016. We identified a study group of 150 patients, with previous abdominal surgery. We analyzed the frequency of intra-operative and post-operative complications and the reasons for conversion from laparoscopic to open adrenalectomy., Results: The patients' mean age was 58; they underwent LTA due to hormonally active tumors (n = 79, 53%) and non-functioning adrenal tumors (n = 71, 47%). The size of adrenal lesions ranged from 20 mm to 90 mm. Seventy-eight (52%) adrenal lesions were found in the right adrenal gland, and 72 (48%) lesions in the left adrenal gland. The mean operating time was 130 min. The mean stay in hospital was five days. The intra-operative complications included blood pressure fluctuations (n = 32), abnormal vascular supply of the adrenal glands causing difficulties with dissections (n = 3), and respiratory problems (n = 1). Two (1.3%) patients had post-operative bleeding at the site of removed adrenal glands; 1 patient had an exacerbation of asthma postoperatively. Of the 150 patients analyzed, 3 (2%) required conversion to open adrenalectomy. The conversions were not caused by abdominal adhesions., Conclusions: Lateral transabdominal adrenalectomy is feasible and safe in patients with previous abdominal surgery. In our study, conversion from laparoscopic to open adrenalectomy was not caused by abdominal adhesions.

Introduction: To assess the effectiveness of early unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy in ACTH-independent and subclinical hypercor-tisolaemia., Material and Methods: We conducted a unicentric, retrospective study. Between 2010 and 2015, 356 laparoscopic adrenalectomies were performed in the Department of General and Endocrine Surgery of the MUW. Hypercortisolaemia was found in 50 (14%) patients, while overt hypercortisolaemia was found in 31 patients. In the hypercortisolaemia group, ACTH-dependent hypercortisolaemia was diagnosed in five (10%) and ACTH-independent hypercortisolaemia in 25 patients (50%). One patient with overt hypercortisolaemia had cancer of the adrenal cortex. The remaining 19 (38%) patients had subclinical Cushing's syndrome. For our study, we compared patients with ACTH-independent hypercortisolaemia (n = 25) with those with Cushing's syndrome (n = 19). Patients with ACTH-dependent hyper-cortisolaemia (n = 5) and the patient with cancer of the adrenal cortex (n = 1) were excluded., Results: Patients from both groups (n = 44) underwent a unilateral transperitoneal adrenalectomy. Good early outcomes were observed in 42 patients (93.3%). In one patient, an additional laparoscopic surgery was necessary on postoperative day 0 due to bleeding. In another patient, on day 22 post-surgery, we found an abscess in the site of the excised adrenal gland, which was drained under laparoscopic guid-ance. In three patients (6.8%) with substantial obesity, temporary respiratory insufficiency of varying degrees occurred. We did not observe any thromboembolic complications. All patients with overt hypercortisolaemia and nine patients with subclinical hypercortisolaemia had secondary adrenal insufficiency postoperatively., Conclusions: Transperitoneal unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy is an efficient and safe treatment option in patients with ACTH- -independent hypercortisolaemia, both overt and subclinical.

Background: Adrenalectomy with preoperative pharmacological preparation is strongly recommended in patients diagnosed with pheochromocytoma, in order to prevent perioperative complications., Aim: To compare phenoxybenzamine (PhB) and doxazosin (DOX) in terms of perioperative haemodynamic status in patients with pheochromocytoma, who have been prepared for adrenalectomy., Methods: Retrospective analysis of 44 patients with pheochromocytoma (aged 16-80 years, 29 females) who underwent adrenalectomy. Patients were divided into two groups: 35 patients on DOX and nine patients on PhB., Results: Mean time of preparation for surgery was 38.8 days in the DOX group and 18.3 days in the PhB group (p = 0.04). No statistically significant differences between the DOX and PhB groups in intraoperative blood pressure (BP) fluctuations were found: < 170/100 mm Hg (34% vs. 44%, respectively, p = 0.42), ≥ 200/110 mm Hg (40% vs. 22%, respectively, p = 0.28). Mean greatest intraoperative systolic BP (195 ± 53 vs. 166 ± 42 mm Hg, p = 0.21) and diastolic BP (98 ± 20 vs. 89 ± 46 mm Hg, p = 0.21), and mean lowest intraoperative systolic BP (87 ± 13 vs. 79 ± 17 mm Hg, p = 0.25) and diastolic BP (49 ± 8 vs. 46 ± 12 mm Hg, p = 0.60) were not different between the DOX and PhB groups, respectively. Sodium nitroprusside was administrated in 30% DOX vs. 11% PhB patients (p = 0.25). Laparoscopic surgery was conducted in 97% DOX vs. 89% PhB patients (p = 0.64). Postoperative BP drop below 90/60 mm Hg was noted in 48% of the DOX vs. 43% of the PhB group (p = 0.56). Negative correlation was found between the length of DOX administration with maximal intraoperative systolic BP (r = -0.45, p = 0.006) and diastolic BP (r = -0.39, p = 0.019)., Conclusions: There are no clinically relevant differences between patients with pheochromocytoma, who have been prepared for adrenalectomy with DOX or PhB.

Introduction: Adrenal neoplasms comprise about 10% of all tumours affecting this organ and constitute a significant, at first diagnostic and subsequently therapeutic, problem, especially since a relatively high proportion of neoplastic lesions are asymptomatic. The number of diagnosed metastases to adrenal glands is increasing. Surgical treatment involves both open surgery as well as laparoscopy., Material and Methods: There were 245 adrenalectomies performed at our centre due to various indications over the past four years. In 27 (11.5%) cases neoplasms were diagnosed in the final histopahtological examination. In 11 (40.7%) cases primary adrenal cortex tumours were diagnosed, metastases from other solid organ tumours were identified in another 12 (44.4%) patients, and rarer neoplasms were diagnosed in the remaning 4 (14.8%) subjects. Cases of malignant pheochromocytoma were not included in this report., Results: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed in 23 (85.2%) subjects, while the ramaining 4 (12.9%) patients were subject to open adrenalectomy (conversion to open procedure in one case). There were no deaths or significant complications in the perioperative period. Comparing mean duration of open (140 minutes) and laparoscopic (190 minutes) procedures yielded a statistically significant difference (p = 0.02). There was no statistically significant difference found in the duration of operation with regard to laparoscopic adrenalectomies of tumours less than 50 mm and over 55 mm in diameter (p = 0.16)., Conclusions: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a safe and effective method of treatment of adrenal tumours. Its oncological completeness is comparable (to open surgery) when performed by experienced surgical teams. Laparoscopy is the reason for the smooth postoperative course observed in most patients.

An estS9 gene, encoding an esterase of the psychrotolerant bacterium Pseudomonas sp. S9 was cloned and sequenced. The deduced sequence revealed a protein of 636 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 69 kDa. Further amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the EstS9 enzyme contained a G-D-S-L motif centered at a catalytic serine, an N-terminal catalytic domain and a C-terminal autotransporter domain. Two recombinant E. coli strains for production of EstS9N (a two domain enzyme) and EstS9Δ (a one domain enzyme) proteins were constructed, respectively. Both recombinant proteins were successfully produced as inclusion bodies and then purified under denaturing conditions. However, because of the low enzymatic activity of the refolded EstS9Δ protein, only the EstS9N protein was further characterized. The purified and refolded EstS9N protein was active towards short-chain p-nitrophenyl esters (C2-C8), with optimal activity for the butyrate (C4) ester. With p-nitrophenyl butyrate as the substrate, the enzyme displayed optimal activity at 35°C and pH 9.0. Additionally, the EstS9N esterase retained ~90% of its activity from 25-40°C and ~40% of its activity at 10°C. Moreover, analysis of its kinetic parameters (Km, kcat, kcat/Km) toward p-nitrophenyl butyrate determined at 15°C and 25°C confirmed that the EstS9 enzyme is cold-adapted. To the best of our knowledge, EstS9 is the third characterized cold-active GDSL-esterase and the first one confirmed to contain an autotransporter domain characteristic for enzymes secreted by the type V secretion system.

Among patients undergoing radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer, local and distant recurrence is the main reason for cancer-related deaths. In case of adrenal location of metachronous metastases, the standard treatment consists on cisplatin-based systemic chemotherapy. While surgical removal of metastasis remains controversial approach, more and more data support such treatment as effective and safe. We report two cases of patients submitted to laparoscopic adrenalectomy as a sole treatment mode due to metachronous metastases of bladder cancer. No adjuvant systemic therapy was implemented. After a follow-up of 12 months patients remain disease free. This report is another voice in the on-going debate on the role of surgical treatment of patients with metastatic bladder cancer.

Organozinc hydroxides, RZnOH, possessing the proton-reactive alkylzinc group and the CO2 -reactive Zn-OH group, represent an intriguing group of organometallic precursors for the synthesis of novel zinc carbonates. Comprehensive experimental and computational investigations on 1) solution and solid-state behavior of tBuZnOH (1) species in the presence of Lewis bases, namely, THF and 4-methylpyridine; 2) step-by-step sequence of the reaction between 1 and CO2; and 3) the effect of a donor ligand and/or an excess of tBu2Zn as an external proton acceptor on the reaction course are reported. DFT calculations for the insertion of carbon dioxide into the dinuclear alkylzinc hydroxide 12 are fully consistent with (1)H NMR spectroscopy studies and indicate that this process is a multistep reaction, in which the insertion of CO2 seems to be the rate-determining step. Moreover, DFT studies show that the mechanism of the rearrangement between key intermediates, that is, the primary alkylzinc bicarbonate with a proximal position of hydrogen and the secondary alkylzinc bicarbonate with a distal position of hydrogen, most likely proceeds through internal rotation of the dinuclear bicarbonate., (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Alkylzinc alkoxides, [RZnOR']4, have received much attention as efficient precursors of ZnO nanocrystals (NCs), and their "Zn4O4 " heterocubane core has been regarded as a "preorganized ZnO". A comprehensive investigation of the synthesis and characterization of a new family of tert-butyl(tert-butoxy)zinc hydroxides, [(tBu)4 Zn4 (μ3-OtBu)x (μ3-OH)4-x], as model single-source precursors of ZnO NCs is reported. The direct reaction between well-defined [tBuZnOH]6 (16) and [tBuZnOtBu]4 (24) in various molar ratios allows the isolation of new mixed cubane aggregates as crystalline solids in a high yield: [(tBu)4 Zn4 (μ3-OtBu)3 (μ3-OH)] (3), [(tBu)4Zn4 (μ3-OtBu)2 (μ3-OH)2] (4), [(tBu)4 Zn4 (μ3-OtBu)(μ3-OH)3] (5). The resulting products were characterized in solution by (1) H NMR and IR spectroscopy, and in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The thermal transformations of 2-5 were monitored by in situ variable-temperature powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric measurements. The investigation showed that the Zn-OH groups appeared to be a desirable feature for the solid-state synthesis of ZnO NCs that significantly decreased the decomposition temperature of crystalline precursors 3-5., (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Material and Methods: Over the last 18 months we operated on six patients with large adrenal gland cysts in our centre. This consisted of 8.2% of all patients treated in said period due to adrenal gland pathologies. On ruling out malignancy or parasitic nature of the lesions, all patients were surgically treated in order to excise the cysts while leaving the gland untouched. In five patients the cysts were resected but the adrenal gland was spared. However, in one patient the adrenal gland coated the entire cystic mass, which imposed performance of adrenalectomy in addition to cystectomy. During surgeries we tried not to clip the suprarenal vein, which we managed to do in four out of six cases., Results: A one-year remote follow-up period revealed no cyst recurrence in ultrasound or CT, and it was possible to visualise the remaining part of the adrenal gland in all cases., Conclusion: Thus, in our opinion resection of benign cysts is well justified and recommendable.