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36 results on '"Kozlov, M. V."'

7. Experimental determination of the performance qualities of passenger car wheels.

Author

Kozlov, M. V., Sergeyev, K. A., Mironenko, O. I., Krivich, O. Yu., and Grigoriev, P. S.

Subjects
*TECHNICAL information, *PASSENGERS, *AUTOMOBILES, *INFORMATION processing
Abstract

the article discusses the methodology for determining the performance qualities of the wheels of passenger cars arriving at the depot for inspection. The methodology establishes the process of obtaining information about the technical condition of solid-rolled wheels at enterprises repairing passenger cars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Determination of optimal metrological characteristics of the eddy current method of non-destructive testing of the car fleet.

Author

Kozlov, M. V., Petrov, A. A., Sadykova, O. I., Levchuk, T. V., and Kurochkina, S. A.

Subjects
*NONDESTRUCTIVE testing, *ROLLING stock, *EDDIES, *AUTOMOBILES
Abstract

An overview of articles describing and summarizing methods, means, methods and results of measurements of external smooth surfaces in laboratory studies of moving chassis is given. The theoretical foundations of metrology, regulatory and legal bases, physical description of the eddy current method of non-destructive testing are also considered, on the basis of which a course of lectures, practical and laboratory work on conducting eddy current control of an arbitrary surface of railway rolling stock is developed, as the most commonly used for the study of an arbitrary surface of a car fleet for the specialty "Rolling stock of railways". Diagnostic work was carried out using manual modifications of flaw detectors of the VD-113, VD-113.5, VD-211.5, VD-211.7, VD-12NF brand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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13. Using the module "analytics and machine learning" in LMS moodle at training students of specialty "rolling stock".

Author

Sergeev, K. A., Mironenko, O. I., Krivich, O. Yu., Petrov, A. A., and Kozlov, M. V.

Subjects
MACHINE learning, SOURCE code, ROLLING stock, DISTANCE education, INSTRUCTIONAL systems
Abstract

The Moodle LMS distance learning system, thanks to its open source code and wide capabilities, is popular all over the world, including in Russia. This article discusses the application of the add-on "Moodle Learning Analytics" (Analytics and machine learning) in the Moodle LMS when teaching students specialty "Rolling stock", significantly expanding its capabilities, providing a rich range of analytical data. The main features of this add-on are shown. Specific recommendations for setting up and operating "Moodle Learning Analytics" are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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21. How Histone Deacetylase 3 Controls Hepcidin Expression and Hepatitis C Virus Replication.

Author

Shcherbakova, A. S., Kochetkov, S. N., and Kozlov, M. V.

Subjects
HEPATITIS C virus, HISTONE deacetylase, GENE expression, HEPATITIS C, HEPCIDIN, PLANT viruses, LUTEINIZING hormone releasing hormone
Abstract

The key role of histone deacetylases (HDAC) in the regulation of the cellular response to infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) was first demonstrated in 2008. When studying the metabolism of iron in the liver tissues of patients with chronic hepatitis C, the authors found that the expression of the hepcidin gene (HAMP), a hormone regulator of iron export, is markedly reduced in hepatocytes under conditions of oxidative stress caused by viral infection. HDAC were involved in the regulation of hepcidin expression through the control of acetylation level of histones and transcription factors, primarily STAT3, associated with the HAMP promoter. The purpose of this review was to summarize current data on the functioning of the HCV–HDAC3–STAT3–HAMP regulatory circuit as an example of a well-characterized interaction between the virus and the epigenetic apparatus of the host cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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24. Climate shapes the spatiotemporal variation in color morph diversity and composition across the distribution range of Chrysomela lapponica leaf beetle

Author

Kozlov, M. V. (Mikhail V.), Oudendijk, Z. (Zowi), Forsman, A. (Anders), Lanta, V. (Vojtěch), Barclay, M. V. (Maxwell V. L.), Gusarov, V. I. (Vladimir I.), Gustafsson, B. (Bert), Huang, Z.-Z. (Zheng-Zhong), Kruglova, O. Y. (Oksana Y.), Marusik, Y. M. (Yuri M.), Mikhailov, Y. E. (Yuri E.), Mutanen, M. (Marko), Schneider, A. (Alexander), Sekerka, L. (Lukáš), Sergeev, M. E. (Maksim E.), Zverev, V. (Vitali), Zvereva, E. L. (Elena L.), Kozlov, M. V. (Mikhail V.), Oudendijk, Z. (Zowi), Forsman, A. (Anders), Lanta, V. (Vojtěch), Barclay, M. V. (Maxwell V. L.), Gusarov, V. I. (Vladimir I.), Gustafsson, B. (Bert), Huang, Z.-Z. (Zheng-Zhong), Kruglova, O. Y. (Oksana Y.), Marusik, Y. M. (Yuri M.), Mikhailov, Y. E. (Yuri E.), Mutanen, M. (Marko), Schneider, A. (Alexander), Sekerka, L. (Lukáš), Sergeev, M. E. (Maksim E.), Zverev, V. (Vitali), and Zvereva, E. L. (Elena L.)

Abstract

Color polymorphism offers rich opportunities for studying the eco-evolutionary mechanisms that drive the adaptations of local populations to heterogeneous and changing environments. We explored the color morph diversity and composition in a Chrysomela lapponica leaf beetle across its entire distribution range to test the hypothesis that environmental and climatic variables shape spatiotemporal variation in the phenotypic structure of a polymorphic species. We obtained information on 13 617 specimens of this beetle from museums, private collections, and websites. These specimens (collected from 1830–2020) originated from 959 localities spanning 33° latitude, 178° longitude, and 4200 m altitude. We classified the beetles into five color morphs and searched for environmental factors that could explain the variation in the level of polymorphism (quantified by the Shannon diversity index) and in the relative frequencies of individual color morphs. The highest level of polymorphism was found at high latitudes and altitudes. The color morphs differed in their climatic requirements; composition of colour morphs was independent of the geographic distance that separated populations but changed with collection year, longitude, mean July temperature and between-year temperature fluctuations. The proportion of melanic beetles, in line with the thermal melanism hypothesis, increased with increasing latitude and altitude and decreased with increasing climate seasonality. Melanic morph frequencies also declined during the past century, but only at high latitudes and altitudes where recent climate warming was especially strong. The observed patterns suggest that color polymorphism is especially advantageous for populations inhabiting unpredictable environments, presumably due to the different climatic requirements of coexisting color morphs.

Published
2022

25. Changes in biomass and diversity of soil macrofauna along a climatic gradient in European boreal forests

Author

Kozlov, M. V. (Mikhail V.), Zverev, V. (Vitali), Gusarov, V. I. (Vladimir I.), Korobushkin, D. I. (Daniil I.), Krivosheina, N. P. (Nina P.), Mattila, J. (Jaakko), Mutanen, M. (Marko), Popova, A. (Anna), Prosvirov, A. S. (Alexander S.), Punttila, P. (Pekka), Söderman, G. (Guy), Stańska, M. (Marzena), Taylor, A. (Astrid), Vahtera, V. (Varpu), Zubrii, N. A. (Natalia A.), Zvereva, E. L. (Elena L.), Kozlov, M. V. (Mikhail V.), Zverev, V. (Vitali), Gusarov, V. I. (Vladimir I.), Korobushkin, D. I. (Daniil I.), Krivosheina, N. P. (Nina P.), Mattila, J. (Jaakko), Mutanen, M. (Marko), Popova, A. (Anna), Prosvirov, A. S. (Alexander S.), Punttila, P. (Pekka), Söderman, G. (Guy), Stańska, M. (Marzena), Taylor, A. (Astrid), Vahtera, V. (Varpu), Zubrii, N. A. (Natalia A.), and Zvereva, E. L. (Elena L.)

Abstract

Latitudinal gradients allow insights into the factors that shape ecosystem structure and delimit ecosystem processes, particularly climate. We asked whether the biomass and diversity of soil macrofauna in boreal forests change systematically along a latitudinal gradient spanning from 60° N to 69° N. Invertebrates (3697 individuals) were extracted from 400 soil samples (20 × 20 cm, 30 cm depth) collected at ten sites in 2015–2016 and then weighed and identified. We discovered 265 species living in soil and on the soil surface; their average density was 0.486 g d·w·m−2. The species-level diversity decreased from low to high latitudes. The biomass of soil macrofauna showed no latitudinal changes in early summer but decreased towards the north in late summer. This variation among study sites was associated with the decrease in mean annual temperature by ca 5 °C and with variation in fine root biomass. The biomass of herbivores and fungivores decreased towards the north, whereas the biomass of detritivores and predators showed no significant latitudinal changes. This variation in latitudinal biomass patterns among the soil macrofauna feeding guilds suggests that these guilds may respond differently to climate change, with poorly understood consequences for ecosystem structure and functions

Published
2022

26. Predictors of enhancing human physical attractiveness: Data from 93 countries

Author

Kowal, M., Sorokowski, P., Pisanski, K., Valentova, J. V., Varella, M. A. C., Frederick, D. A., Al-Shawaf, L., Garcia, F. E., Giammusso, I., Gjoneska, B., Kozma, L., Otterbring, T., Papadatou-Pastou, M., Pfuhl, G., Stockli, S., Studzinska, A., Toplu-Demirtas, E., Touloumakos, A. K., Bakos, B. E., Batres, C., Bonneterre, S., Czamanski-Cohen, J., Dacanay, J. C., Deschrijver, E., Fisher, M. L., Grano, C., Grigoryev, D., Kacmar, P., Kozlov, M. V., Manunta, E., Massar, K., Mcfall, J. P., Mebarak, M., Miccoli, M. R., Milfont, T. L., Prokop, P., Aavik, T., Arriaga, P., Baiocco, R., Cenek, J., Cetinkaya, H., Duyar, I., Guemaz, F., Ishii, T., Kamburidis, J. A., Khun-Inkeeree, H., Lidborg, L. H., Manor, H., Nussinson, R., Omar-Fauzee, M. S. B., Pazhoohi, F., Ponnet, K., Santos, A. C., Senyk, O., Spasovski, O., Vintila, M., Wang, A. H., Yoo, G., Zerhouni, O., Amin, R., Aquino, S., Boga, M., Boussena, M., Can, A. R., Can, S., Castro, R., Chirumbolo, A., Coker, O., Cornec, C., Dural, S., Eder, S. J., Moharrampour, N. G., Grassini, S., Hristova, E., Ikizer, G., Kervyn, N., Koyuncu, M., Kunisato, Y., Lins, S., Mandzyk, T., Mari, S., Mattiassi, A. D. A., Memisoglu-Sanli, A., Morelli, M., Novaes, F. C., Parise, Miriam, Banai, I. P., Perun, M., Plohl, N., Sahli, F. Z., Sakan, D., Smojver-Azic, S., Solak, C., Soylemez, S., Toyama, A., Wlodarczyk, A., Yamada, Y., Abad-Villaverde, B., Afhami, R., Akello, G., Alami, N. H., Alma, L., Argyrides, M., Atamturk, D., Burduli, N., Cardona, S., Carneiro, J., Castaneda, A., Chalatkiewicz, I., Chopik, W. J., Chubinidze, D., Conroy-Beam, D., Contreras-Garduno, J., da Silva, D. R., Don, Y. B., Donato, Silvia, Dubrov, D., Durackova, M., Dutt, S., Ebimgbo, S. O., Estevan, I., Etchezahar, E., Fedor, P., Fekih-Romdhane, F., Frackowiak, T., Galasinska, K., Gargula, L., Gelbart, B., Yepes, T. G., Hamdaoui, B., Hromatko, I., Itibi, S. N., Jaforte, L., Janssen, S. M. J., Jovic, M., Kertechian, K. S., Khan, F., Kobylarek, A., Koso-Drljevic, M., Krasnodebska, A., Krizanic, V., Landa-Blanco, M., Mailhos, A., Marot, T., Dorcic, T. M., Martinez-Banfi, M., Yusof, M. R., Mayorga-Lascano, M., Mikuliciute, V., Misetic, K., Musil, B., Najmussaqib, A., Muthu, K. N., Natividade, J. C., Ndukaihe, I. L. G., Nyhus, E. K., Oberzaucher, E., Omar, S. S., Ostaszewski, F., Pacquing, M. C. T., Pagani, A. F., Park, J. H., Pirtskhalava, E., Reips, U. -D., Reyes, M. E. S., Roer, J. P., Sahin, A., Samekin, A., Sargautyte, R., Semenovskikh, T., Siepelmeyer, H., Singh, S., Soltys, A., Sorokowska, A., Soto-Lopez, R., Sultanova, L., Tamayo-Agudelo, W., Tan, C. -S., Topanova, G. T., Bulut, M. T., Tremoliere, B., Tulyakul, S., Turkan, B. N., Urbanek, A., Volkodav, T., Walter, K. V., Yaakob, M. F. M., Zumarraga-Espinosa, M., Parise M. (ORCID:0000-0003-2150-6636), Donato S. (ORCID:0000-0002-8406-4604), Kowal, M., Sorokowski, P., Pisanski, K., Valentova, J. V., Varella, M. A. C., Frederick, D. A., Al-Shawaf, L., Garcia, F. E., Giammusso, I., Gjoneska, B., Kozma, L., Otterbring, T., Papadatou-Pastou, M., Pfuhl, G., Stockli, S., Studzinska, A., Toplu-Demirtas, E., Touloumakos, A. K., Bakos, B. E., Batres, C., Bonneterre, S., Czamanski-Cohen, J., Dacanay, J. C., Deschrijver, E., Fisher, M. L., Grano, C., Grigoryev, D., Kacmar, P., Kozlov, M. V., Manunta, E., Massar, K., Mcfall, J. P., Mebarak, M., Miccoli, M. R., Milfont, T. L., Prokop, P., Aavik, T., Arriaga, P., Baiocco, R., Cenek, J., Cetinkaya, H., Duyar, I., Guemaz, F., Ishii, T., Kamburidis, J. A., Khun-Inkeeree, H., Lidborg, L. H., Manor, H., Nussinson, R., Omar-Fauzee, M. S. B., Pazhoohi, F., Ponnet, K., Santos, A. C., Senyk, O., Spasovski, O., Vintila, M., Wang, A. H., Yoo, G., Zerhouni, O., Amin, R., Aquino, S., Boga, M., Boussena, M., Can, A. R., Can, S., Castro, R., Chirumbolo, A., Coker, O., Cornec, C., Dural, S., Eder, S. J., Moharrampour, N. G., Grassini, S., Hristova, E., Ikizer, G., Kervyn, N., Koyuncu, M., Kunisato, Y., Lins, S., Mandzyk, T., Mari, S., Mattiassi, A. D. A., Memisoglu-Sanli, A., Morelli, M., Novaes, F. C., Parise, Miriam, Banai, I. P., Perun, M., Plohl, N., Sahli, F. Z., Sakan, D., Smojver-Azic, S., Solak, C., Soylemez, S., Toyama, A., Wlodarczyk, A., Yamada, Y., Abad-Villaverde, B., Afhami, R., Akello, G., Alami, N. H., Alma, L., Argyrides, M., Atamturk, D., Burduli, N., Cardona, S., Carneiro, J., Castaneda, A., Chalatkiewicz, I., Chopik, W. J., Chubinidze, D., Conroy-Beam, D., Contreras-Garduno, J., da Silva, D. R., Don, Y. B., Donato, Silvia, Dubrov, D., Durackova, M., Dutt, S., Ebimgbo, S. O., Estevan, I., Etchezahar, E., Fedor, P., Fekih-Romdhane, F., Frackowiak, T., Galasinska, K., Gargula, L., Gelbart, B., Yepes, T. G., Hamdaoui, B., Hromatko, I., Itibi, S. N., Jaforte, L., Janssen, S. M. J., Jovic, M., Kertechian, K. S., Khan, F., Kobylarek, A., Koso-Drljevic, M., Krasnodebska, A., Krizanic, V., Landa-Blanco, M., Mailhos, A., Marot, T., Dorcic, T. M., Martinez-Banfi, M., Yusof, M. R., Mayorga-Lascano, M., Mikuliciute, V., Misetic, K., Musil, B., Najmussaqib, A., Muthu, K. N., Natividade, J. C., Ndukaihe, I. L. G., Nyhus, E. K., Oberzaucher, E., Omar, S. S., Ostaszewski, F., Pacquing, M. C. T., Pagani, A. F., Park, J. H., Pirtskhalava, E., Reips, U. -D., Reyes, M. E. S., Roer, J. P., Sahin, A., Samekin, A., Sargautyte, R., Semenovskikh, T., Siepelmeyer, H., Singh, S., Soltys, A., Sorokowska, A., Soto-Lopez, R., Sultanova, L., Tamayo-Agudelo, W., Tan, C. -S., Topanova, G. T., Bulut, M. T., Tremoliere, B., Tulyakul, S., Turkan, B. N., Urbanek, A., Volkodav, T., Walter, K. V., Yaakob, M. F. M., Zumarraga-Espinosa, M., Parise M. (ORCID:0000-0003-2150-6636), and Donato S. (ORCID:0000-0002-8406-4604)

Abstract

People across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from mating market and parasite stress perspectives, in a large cross-cultural sample. We also test hypotheses drawn from other influential and non-mutually exclusive theoretical frameworks, from biosocial role theory to a cultural media perspective. Survey data from 93,158 human participants across 93 countries provide evidence that behaviors such as applying makeup or using other cosmetics, hair grooming, clothing style, caring for body hygiene, and exercising or following a specific diet for the specific purpose of improving ones physical attractiveness, are universal. Indeed, 99% of participants reported spending >10 min a day performing beauty-enhancing behaviors. The results largely support evolutionary hypotheses: more time was spent enhancing beauty by women (almost 4 h a day, on average) than by men (3.6 h a day), by the youngest participants (and contrary to predictions, also the oldest), by those with a relatively more severe history of infectious diseases, and by participants currently dating compared to those in established relationships. The strongest predictor of attractiveness-enhancing behaviors was social media usage. Other predictors, in order of effect size, included adhering to traditional gender roles, residing in countries with less gender equality, considering oneself as highly attractive or, conversely, highly unattractive, TV watching time, higher socioeconomic status, right-wing political beliefs, a lower level of education, and personal individualistic attitudes. This study provides novel insight into universal beauty-enhancing behaviors by unifying evolutionary theory with several other complement

Published
2022

27. Climate shapes the spatiotemporal variation in color morph diversity and composition across the distribution range of Chrysomela lapponica leaf beetle

Author

Kozlov, M. V., Oudendijk, Z., Forsman, A., Lanta, V., Barclay, M. V. L., Gusarov, V. I., Gustafsson, B., Huang, Z-Z., Kruglova, O. Y., Marusik, Y. M., Mikhailov, Y. E., Mutanen, M., Schneider, A., Sekerka, L., Sergeev, M. E., Zverev, V., and Zvereva, E. L.

Subjects
color morphs, evolutionary dynamics, adaptive polymorphism, geographic variation, phenotypic diversity, thermal melanism
Abstract

Color polymorphism offers rich opportunities for studying the eco-evolutionary mechanisms that drive the adaptations of local populations to heterogeneous and changing environments. We explored the color morph diversity and composition in a Chrysomela lapponica leaf beetle across its entire distribution range to test the hypothesis that environmental and climatic variables shape spatiotemporal variation in the phenotypic structure of a polymorphic species. We obtained information on 13 617 specimens of this beetle from museums, private collections, and websites. These specimens (collected from 1830-2020) originated from 959 localities spanning 33 degrees latitude, 178 degrees longitude, and 4200 m altitude. We classified the beetles into five color morphs and searched for environmental factors that could explain the variation in the level of polymorphism (quantified by the Shannon diversity index) and in the relative frequencies of individual color morphs. The highest level of polymorphism was found at high latitudes and altitudes. The color morphs differed in their climatic requirements; composition of colour morphs was independent of the geographic distance that separated populations but changed with collection year, longitude, mean July temperature and between-year temperature fluctuations. The proportion of melanic beetles, in line with the thermal melanism hypothesis, increased with increasing latitude and altitude and decreased with increasing climate seasonality. Melanic morph frequencies also declined during the past century, but only at high latitudes and altitudes where recent climate warming was especially strong. The observed patterns suggest that color polymorphism is especially advantageous for populations inhabiting unpredictable environments, presumably due to the different climatic requirements of coexisting color morphs.

Published
2022

28. Climate shapes the spatiotemporal variation in color morph diversity and composition across the distribution range of Chrysomela lapponica leaf beetle

Author

Kozlov, M. V., Oudendijk, Z., Forsman, A., Lanta, V., Barclay, M. V. L., Gusarov, V. I., Gustafsson, B., Huang, Z-Z., Kruglova, O. Y., Marusik, Y. M., Mikhailov, Y. E., Mutanen, M., Schneider, A., Sekerka, L., Sergeev, M. E., Zverev, V., Zvereva, E. L., Kozlov, M. V., Oudendijk, Z., Forsman, A., Lanta, V., Barclay, M. V. L., Gusarov, V. I., Gustafsson, B., Huang, Z-Z., Kruglova, O. Y., Marusik, Y. M., Mikhailov, Y. E., Mutanen, M., Schneider, A., Sekerka, L., Sergeev, M. E., Zverev, V., and Zvereva, E. L.

Abstract

Color polymorphism offers rich opportunities for studying the eco-evolutionary mechanisms that drive the adaptations of local populations to heterogeneous and changing environments. We explored the color morph diversity and composition in a Chrysomela lapponica leaf beetle across its entire distribution range to test the hypothesis that environmental and climatic variables shape spatiotemporal variation in the phenotypic structure of a polymorphic species. We obtained information on 13 617 specimens of this beetle from museums, private collections, and websites. These specimens (collected from 1830-2020) originated from 959 localities spanning 33 degrees latitude, 178 degrees longitude, and 4200 m altitude. We classified the beetles into five color morphs and searched for environmental factors that could explain the variation in the level of polymorphism (quantified by the Shannon diversity index) and in the relative frequencies of individual color morphs. The highest level of polymorphism was found at high latitudes and altitudes. The color morphs differed in their climatic requirements; composition of colour morphs was independent of the geographic distance that separated populations but changed with collection year, longitude, mean July temperature and between-year temperature fluctuations. The proportion of melanic beetles, in line with the thermal melanism hypothesis, increased with increasing latitude and altitude and decreased with increasing climate seasonality. Melanic morph frequencies also declined during the past century, but only at high latitudes and altitudes where recent climate warming was especially strong. The observed patterns suggest that color polymorphism is especially advantageous for populations inhabiting unpredictable environments, presumably due to the different climatic requirements of coexisting color morphs.

Published
2021

30. Latitudinal pattern in community-wide herbivory does not match the pattern in herbivory averaged across common plant species

Author

Zvereva, E. L., Zverev, V., Usoltsev, V. A., and Kozlov, M. V.

Subjects
CONIFEROUS TREES, BACKGROUND INSECT HERBIVORY, fungi, BOREAL FORESTS, FOLIAR BIOMASS, RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, food and beverages, COMMUNITY-WIDE LOSSES TO INSECTS, DECIDUOUS WOODY PLANTS, LATITUDINAL HERBIVORY HYPOTHESIS
Abstract

The latitudinal herbivory hypothesis (LHH) predicts that plant losses to herbivores decrease from low to high latitudes. Although the LHH is a community-level hypothesis, it has been rarely tested with data on community-wide herbivory, i.e. the percentage of annual production of foliar biomass consumed by insects from all plant species at a given site. Therefore, we asked whether community-wide leaf herbivory follows the same latitudinal pattern as observed for an unweighted average of herbivory across common plant species. We selected 10 study sites in boreal forests from 60 to 69 degrees N along a 1,000-km long latitudinal gradient in NW Russia. We measured relative foliar losses to insect herbivores in seven woody plant species (jointly comprising over 95% of the community-wide above-ground biomass) and estimated their current-year foliar biomass. We averaged leaf herbivory for all seven species and calculated community-wide leaf herbivory by weighting the relative foliar losses of each plant species against the contribution of that species to the annual foliar biomass production. Leaf herbivory was five-fold higher in deciduous species than in conifers. Latitudinal patterns in herbivory varied from a significant poleward decrease in all deciduous species to a significant poleward increase in Norway spruce. Herbivory values, averaged across seven plant species, decreased with latitude and followed the pattern observed in deciduous plants due to their higher foliar losses compared with conifers. By contrast, community-wide herbivory did not change with latitude. This discrepancy emerged because the proportion of deciduous plant foliage in the community increased with increasing latitude, and this increase counterbalanced the simultaneous poleward decrease in losses of these species to insects. Synthesis. The herbivory measured by averaging relative losses of individual plant species and community-wide herbivory is likely to show different latitudinal patterns in various plant communities. The contributions of plant species to the total foliar biomass production should be taken into account in studies of spatial patterns of herbivory which test community-level hypotheses. This approach may provide new insight into macroecological research on biotic interactions and improve our understanding of the role of insect herbivores in ecosystem-level processes.

Published
2020

35. Геополитика : учебная программа учреждения высшего образования по учебной дисциплине для специальности 1-23 01 06 «Политология (по направлениям)»

Author

Аблова, Н. Е., Веремеев, Н. Ю., Козлов, М. В., Ablova, N. E., Veremeev, N. Yu., Kozlov, M. V., Аблова, Н. Е., Веремеев, Н. Ю., Козлов, М. В., Ablova, N. E., Veremeev, N. Yu., and Kozlov, M. V.

Published
2016

36. Combined effects of environmental disturbance and climate warming on insect herbivory in mountain birch in subarctic forests: Results of 26-year monitoring.

Author

Kozlov MV, Zverev V, and Zvereva EL

Subjects
Animals, Betula, Forests, Russia, Climate Change, Environmental Monitoring, Global Warming, Herbivory, Insecta physiology
Abstract

Both pollution and climate affect insect-plant interactions, but the combined effects of these two abiotic drivers of global change on insect herbivory remain almost unexplored. From 1991 to 2016, we monitored the population densities of 25 species or species groups of insects feeding on mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) in 29 sites and recorded leaf damage by insects in 21 sites in subarctic forests around the nickel-copper smelter at Monchegorsk, north-western Russia. The leaf-eating insects demonstrated variable, and sometimes opposite, responses to pollution-induced forest disturbance and to climate variations. Consequently, we did not discover any general trend in herbivory along the disturbance gradient. Densities of eight species/species groups correlated with environmental disturbance, but these correlations weakened from 1991 to 2016, presumably due to the fivefold decrease in emissions of sulphur dioxide and heavy metals from the smelter. The densities of externally feeding defoliators decreased from 1991 to 2016 and the densities of leafminers increased, while the leaf roller densities remained unchanged. Consequently, no overall temporal trend in the abundance of birch-feeding insects emerged despite a 2-3°C elevation in spring temperatures. Damage to birch leaves by insects decreased during the observation period in heavily disturbed forests, did not change in moderately disturbed forests and tended to increase in pristine forests. The temporal stability of insect-plant interactions, quantified by the inverse of the coefficient of among-year variations of herbivore population densities and of birch foliar damage, showed a negative correlation with forest disturbance. We conclude that climate differently affects insect herbivory in heavily stressed versus pristine forests, and that herbivorous insects demonstrate diverse responses to environmental disturbance and climate variations. This diversity of responses, in combination with the decreased stability of insect-plant interactions, increases the uncertainty in predictions on the impacts of global change on forest damage by insects., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2017
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