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Представлен обзор литературы по проблеме использования неинвазивных технологий в ранней диагностике и прогнозировании возраст-ассоциированного когнитивного снижения, связанного в своей основе с болезнью Альцгеймера. Основное внимание уделяется исследованию состояния буккального эпителия и ротовой жидкости как суррогатных моделей дегенеративного поражения церебральных структур, а также определению роли микроорганизмов ротовой полости в формировании и развитии когнитивных нарушений. Приводится оригинальная гипотеза нейродегенеративного поражения церебральных структур, на основе которой предлагается алгоритм исследований состояния полости рта для наиболее раннего выявления и прогноза когнитивного дефицита. A review of the literature on the problem of the use of non-invasive technologies in early diagnosis and prediction of age-associated cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer’s disease is presented. The main attention is paid to the study of the buccal epithelium, oral fluid, as surrogate models of degenerative lesions of cerebral structures, as well as determining the role of oral microorganisms in the formation and development of cognitive disorders. An original hypothesis of neurodegenerative lesions of cerebral structures is presented, on the basis of which an algorithm for studying the state of the oral cavity is proposed in order to detect and predict cognitive deficits as early as possible.

Pilot research investigates the relationship between the quality of life and the characteristics of self-regulation of older people. The Short Form‑36 (SF‑36) was used for assessing the quality of life and self-regulation’ features were evaluated by «Style of self-regulation of behavior SSP‑98» (V. I. Morosanova). Flexibility as a regulatory and personal property of self-regulation affects such aspects of the quality of life as “Mental health”, “Social functioning”, “Psychological component of health”. The importance of the personal component in the management of health in the elderly is emphasized. Приведены данные пилотного исследования связи качества жизни и особенностей саморегуляции пожилых людей. Использовалась методики оценки качества жизни The Short Form-36 (SF-36) и «Стиль саморегуляции поведения — ССП-98» (В.И. Моросанова). Гибкость как регуляторно-личностное свойство саморегуляции взаимосвязана с такими аспектами качества жизни, как «Психическое здоровье», «Социальное функционирование», «Психологический компонент здоровья» и влияет на «Психологический компонент здоровья». Подчеркивается значимость саморегуляции и личностного компонента в управлении своим здоровьем у лиц пожилого возраста. При поддержке Программы стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет 2030» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации.

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Besides the dominant well-studied low-molecular weight ribonuclease (RNase) binase I, Bacillus pumilus secretes a high-molecular weight binase II which differs from binase I by the absence of substrate specificity and the mode of RNA cleavage. Similar to many other RNases, binase II was proposed to have therapeutic potential. Deciphering molecular mechanisms of binase II biosynthesis regulation is required to boost expression of this RNase. Here, we have shown that increase of salinity in growth medium leads to elevated biosynthesis level of binase II. We detected in the binase II promoter the gene sequences homologous to the recognition sites of response regulator DegU. DegS-DegU signal transduction system is stimulated by high salt concentrations. Using the Bacillus subtilis strains with various mutations in DegU gene, we have shown that the DegS-DegU system is responsible for the increase of binase II gene expression under salt stress, indeed.

© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. Members of the genus Bacillus can successfully counteract a sudden increase in salinity. In addition to the accumulation of osmolytes, saline stress also affects other aspects of bacterial physiology such as exoenzymes synthesis and motility. Here, we have shown that increase of salinity in growth medium leads to elevated biosynthesis level of low-molecular weight ribonuclease (RNase) binase I from Bacillus pumilus. The same effect was established previously for high-molecular weight binase II. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the absence of flagella and some other changes in salt-stressed cells of B. pumilis. We also detected the gene sequences homologous to the recognition sites of response regulator DegU in the binase I and binase II promoters. Using the B. subtilis strains with various mutations in DegU gene, we found that the two-component signal transduction system DegS-DegU which regulates the motility under salt stress participates in the control of biosynthesis for both secreted RNase of B. pumilis (binase I and binase II).

© 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Inc.The gene transcription of guanyl-specific ribonucleases (RNases), which provide available phosphate to cells of Bacillus, is controlled by the signal transduction system PhoP‒PhoR. However, the biosynthesis of B. circulans RNase does not depend on the signal-transduction regulatory proteins of Pho regulon. It has been found that raising the salt molar concentration in culture medium increases the level of extracellular guanyl-specific ribonuclease Bci synthesized by B. circulans. Sequences homologous to the binding sites of the regulatory protein DegU were found in RNase Bci promoter. The functioning of the DegS–DegU signal transduction system is stimulated by a high salt concentration. Using a strain of B. subtilis that is defective in the DegU regulatory protein, we have shown that the DegS–DegU system participates in the regulation of RNase Bci expression under salt stress.