651 results on '"Khan, G."'
Search Results
2. Enhanced adsorption of anionic dyes onto NaOH modified green coffee waste biochar: characteristics and performance evaluation
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Zubair, M., Manzar, M. S., Khan, S. A., Suleiman, M. A., Nawaz, M., Khan, T. A., Bakather, O. Y., da Gama, B. M. V., Yasir, M., Melli, L., and Khan, G.
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- 2024
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3. Advanced Maternal Age Affects the Cryosusceptibility of Ovulated but not In Vitro Matured Mouse Oocytes
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Daddangadi, Akshatha, Uppangala, Shubhashree, Kabekkodu, Shama Prasada, Khan G, Nadeem, Kalthur, Guruprasad, Talevi, Riccardo, and Adiga, Satish Kumar
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- 2024
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4. Endoneurosurgical Resection of Parenchymal and Intraventricular Lesions Using Tubular Retraction System
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Sankhla, Suresh K., Warade, Anshu, Khan, G. M., Di Rocco, Concezio, Series Editor, Arraez, Miguel A., Editorial Board Member, Boop, Frederick A., Editorial Board Member, Froelich, Sebastien, Editorial Board Member, Kato, Yoko, Editorial Board Member, Pang, Dachling, Editorial Board Member, and Tu, Yong-Kwang, Editorial Board Member
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- 2024
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5. Endoport-Guided Endoscopic Excision of Intraaxial Brain Tumors
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Sankhla, Suresh K., Warade, Anshu, Khan, G. M., Di Rocco, Concezio, Series Editor, Arraez, Miguel A., Editorial Board Member, Boop, Frederick A., Editorial Board Member, Froelich, Sebastien, Editorial Board Member, Kato, Yoko, Editorial Board Member, Pang, Dachling, Editorial Board Member, Tu, Yong-Kwang, Editorial Board Member, and Azab, Waleed Abdelfattah, editor
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- 2024
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6. Raman spectroscopy study and dielectric anomalies in Bi1-xEux AFM FeO3 thin films
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Mumtaz, Fiza, Jaffari, G. Hassnain, Khan, G. Shabir, and Ali, Awais
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- 2024
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7. Mutations in the N-domain of aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein affect interactions with heat shock protein 90β and phosphodiesterase 4A5
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Vella, Marita, Manfield, Iain W., Seychell, Brandon C., Trinh, Chi H., Rambo, Robert, Nasir Khan, G., Vassallo, Josanne, Hunter, Thérèse, and Hunter, Gary J.
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- 2024
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8. Correlation between the unit cell parameters and electronic transitions in Bi1-xEuxFeO3 thin films
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Mumtaz, Fiza, Jaffari, G. Hassnain, and Khan, G. Shabir
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- 2023
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9. Procalcitonin as a Tool to Antimicrobial Stewardship in COVID-19 Patients with Superimposed Bacterial Infections: A Systematic Review
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Omer I, Abuthiyab N, Al Zaid N, Alkanani R, Abualnaja R, and Khan G
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procalcitonin ,covid-19 ,bacterial pneumonia ,antimicrobial stewardship ,Pathology ,RB1-214 ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Ibrahim Omer,1,2 Noorah Abuthiyab,1,2 Nura Al Zaid,1,2 Raghad Alkanani,1,2 Reema Abualnaja,1,2 Ghadeer Khan1,2 1College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 2King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Ibrahim Omer, College of Medicine, KSAU-HS, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Email Ibraheem.a.omer@gmail.comAbstract: Procalcitonin is an inflammatory marker that had shown marked potential as an antimicrobial stewardship tool for administering antibiotics when needed in patients with pneumonia as it raises concurrently with other inflammatory markers, yet no systematic review has assessed its potential in COVID-19 patients. This systematic review aimed to assess the potential appropriateness of procalcitonin as an antimicrobial stewardship tool in COVID-19 patients with superimposed bacterial and non-bacterial infections. All study designs published after 2019 were included in this systematic review. We included all studies that had reported procalcitonin levels in COVID-19 patients with suspected superimposed secondary infection(s). We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Directory for Open Access Journal from April 2022 to May 2022 and retrieved all related articles for screening with no restrictions on language. We conducted risk of bias assessment according to the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) criteria for cohort and case–control studies. Results were presented according to procalcitonin cut-off values, gold standard test used to confirm infection, and overall study conclusion(s), among other variables. This systematic review included 18 articles with 7196 patients in 8 countries. Despite different cut-off values of procalcitonin used, thirteen studies had indicated the appropriateness of using procalcitonin as antimicrobial stewardship tool in COVID-19 patients. We urge physicians to take this into account when treating COVID-19 patients suspected of superimposed infections and we look forward to further studies with standardized procalcitonin cut-off values that may provide appropriate quantitative data that can contribute to clinical guidelines.Registration (PROSPERO): CRD42022315013.Keywords: procalcitonin, COVID-19, bacterial pneumonia, antimicrobial stewardship
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- 2022
10. Microfibrillated Cellulose-Silver Nanocomposite Based PVA Hydrogels and Their Enhanced Physical, Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties
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Hasan, Md. Sabbir, Al Foisal, Jannat, Khan, G. M. Arifuzzaman, Jahan, Rownok, Hasanuzzaman, Md., Alam, Md. Shamsul, Karim, M. Minnatul, Gafur, M. A., Khan, Muhammad Angkan, and Sabur, Md. Abdus
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- 2022
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11. HIGH-PRECISION VOLUMETRIC POWDER FEEDER
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Rusin, E. P., Stazhevsky, S. B., and Khan, G. N.
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- 2022
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12. Comprehensive analysis of the exocytosis pathway genes in cervical cancer
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Eswaran, Sangavi, Adiga, Divya, Khan G, Nadeem, S, Sriharikrishnaa, and Kabekkodu, Shama Prasada
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- 2022
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13. FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NOVEL ORODISPERSIBLE TABLET BY DRUG-DRUG SOLID DISPERSION OF METOPROLOL TARTRATE AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE.
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Salim, Shah Afrin, Kalam, Shaikh Imran, Ahamad, Quazi Majaz, Khan, G. J., Ilyas, Amliwala Hamza, and Kaleem, Sayyed Ahamad Sayyed
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METOPROLOL ,HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE ,DISPERSION (Chemistry) ,DIFFERENTIAL scanning calorimetry ,INFRARED spectroscopy - Abstract
This study investigates the effect of a novel drug-drug solid dispersion approach on the dissolution of hydrochlorothiazide in a fixed-dose combination with metoprolol tartrate. Solid dispersions of hydrochlorothiazide and metoprolol tartrate (12.5 mg: 25 mg) were prepared using the solvent evaporation technique. These dispersions were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The prepared solid dispersions, along with selected excipients, were compressed into orodispersible tablets and evaluated for precompression and post compression parameters. The solubility of hydrochlorothiazide was observed to increase with the concentration of metoprolol tartrate, as demonstrated by phase solubility studies and comparative solubility studies. Stability studies on the tablets indicated no significant changes in disintegration time, dissolution profile, or overall stability. The findings of this study suggest that the novel drug-drug solid dispersion approach is promising for enhancing the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs, when combined with soluble drugs in fixed-dose combinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CLARITHROMYCIN AND CURCUMIN LOADED FLOATING MICROSPHERE FOR SUSTAINED RELEASE.
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Ilyas, Amliwala Hamza, Deshmuhk, Rehan, Majaz, Quazi, Khan, G. J., Salim, Shah Afrin, Ahamad, Sayyed, and Kaleem, Sayyed
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CLARITHROMYCIN ,FACTORIAL experiment designs ,ETHYLCELLULOSE ,ZETA potential ,SURFACE morphology ,MICROSPHERES ,BUOYANCY ,CURCUMIN - Abstract
The primary goal of this study was to develop and test Clarithromycin and Curcumin-loaded floating microspheres for sustained medication delivery. Microspheres were formed utilizing a modified solvent evaporation process using Eudragit S-100 and Ethyl Cellulose (18-22 cps) as regulating polymers. The formulation was optimized using 32 factorial design factorial Design-Expert® 13 trial version software. The Drug-to-Polymer Ratio (X1) and the Polymer-to-Polymer (EC to ES-100) Ratio (X2) were chosen as independent factors, whereas % Buoyancy (Y1), Percentage Yield (Y2), and% Drug Entrapment Efficiency (%DEE) (Y3) were chosen as dependent variables. The evaluations covered micromeritic characteristics, particle size, PDI, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, floating capacity, surface morphology (FESEM), in vitro drug release, kinetics, DSC and FTIR compatibility investigations. Microspheres exhibited good flow, with particle sizes of 31.52 µm to 40.64 µm (optical) and 33.42 µm (PCS), PDI 0.374, practical yields of 75.14±0.24% to 95.14±0.38% and buoyancy of 76.12±1.2% to 84.79±0.87%. Drug entrapment efficiencies were 78.92±0.61% to 89.42±0.71% for Clarithromycin and 74.26±0.54% to 89.56% for Curcumin, with drug loading efficiencies of 12.90±0.27% to 21.19±0.49% and 10.30±0.67% to 21.1±0.78%, respectively. For the provided formulas, the ANOVA revealed a p value of less than 0.0500. In pH 0.1N HCl, Batch F6 demonstrated superior drug release for both Clarithromycin and Curcumin, with respective values of 99.67±1.5% and 99.52±2.1%. This data aligns with the Higuchi model of the Non-Fickian release kinetics mechanism. Stability experiments verified formulation F6's effectiveness and stability, indicating its potential for targeted, prolonged release in gastrointestinal settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. Advancements in Polymeric Denture Lining Materials
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Khan, G., primary
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- 2022
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16. Residues 2-7 of alpha-synuclein regulate amyloid formation via lipid-dependent and -independent pathways
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Dewison, Katherine M, primary, Rowlinson, Ben, additional, Machin, Jonathan M, additional, Crossley, Joel A, additional, Thacker, Dev, additional, Wilkinson, Martin, additional, Ulamec, Sabine E, additional, Khan, G Nasir, additional, Ranson, Neil A, additional, van-Oosten Hawle, Patricija, additional, Brockwell, David J, additional, and Radford, Sheena, additional
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- 2024
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17. Speech Enhancement Through an Extended Sub-band Adaptive Filter for Nonstationary Noise Environments
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Amjad Khan, G., Sreenivasa Murthy, K. E., Tsihrintzis, George A., Series Editor, Virvou, Maria, Series Editor, Jain, Lakhmi C., Series Editor, Satapathy, Suresh Chandra, editor, Raju, K. Srujan, editor, Shyamala, K., editor, Krishna, D. Rama, editor, and Favorskaya, Margarita N., editor
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- 2020
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18. Unveiling antioxidant and anti-cancer potentials of characterized Annona reticulata leaf extract in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colorectal cancer in Wistar rats
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Nadeem Khan G, Nitesh Kumar, Abhijna Ballal R, Divya Datta, and Vijetha Shenoy Belle
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Annona reticulata ,1,2-Dimethylhydrazine ,Colorectal cancer ,Antioxidant ,Anticancer ,Miscellaneous systems and treatments ,RZ409.7-999 - Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CC) is the third most common cancer in the world. Annona reticulata (AR) also known as bullock's heart, is a traditional herb. AR leaf extract was initially investigated for its anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, anti-helminthic, anti-stress, and wound healing properties. Only a few in vitro cancer studies have been conducted on AR. Although few studies have linked AR leaf extract to many cancers, comprehensive studies addressing regulation, biological functions, and molecular mechanisms leading to CC pathogenesis are clearly lacking. Objectives: The present study aimed to explore the antioxidant and anti-cancer potentials of AR leaf extract in CC. Materials and methods: The MTT assay was used to test the anti-proliferative activity of AR leaf extract in vitro on the HCT116 cell line. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical characterization was carried out using gas chromatography: mass spectrometry (GC–MS). 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was used to establish CC model in female Wistar rats. The acute toxicity of AR leaf extract was tested in accordance with OECD guidelines. Aberrant Crypt Foci (ACF) count, organ index, and hematological estimations were used to screen for in vivo anti-cancer potential. The antioxidant activity of colon homogenate was determined. Results: The alcoholic leaf extract (IC50, 0.55 μg/ml) was found to be more potent than the aqueous extract. Using GC–MS, a total of 108 compounds were quantified in the alcoholic leaf extract. The LD 50 value was found to be safe at a dose of 98.11 mg/kg of body weight. AR alcoholic leaf extract significantly (p
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- 2021
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19. Unveiling antioxidant and anti-cancer potentials of characterized Annona reticulata leaf extract in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colorectal cancer in Wistar rats
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Khan G, Nadeem, Kumar, Nitesh, Ballal R, Abhijna, Datta, Divya, and Belle, Vijetha Shenoy
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- 2021
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20. Chapter 3. Bisphenol A Associated Signaling Pathways in Human Diseases
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Adiga, Divya, primary, Nadeem Khan, G., additional, Eswaran, Sangavi, additional, Sriharikrishnaa, S., additional, Chakrabarty, Sanjiban, additional, Rai, Padmalatha S., additional, and Kabekkodu, Shama Prasada, additional
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- 2022
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21. Integrated bioinformatic analysis of miR-15a/16-1 cluster network in cervical cancer
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S, Sriharikrishnaa, Shukla, Vaibhav, Khan, G Nadeem, Eswaran, Sangavi, Adiga, Divya, and Kabekkodu, Shama Prasada
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- 2021
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22. Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic : a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
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Schumacher, A. E., Kyu, H. H., Antony, C. M., Aravkin, A. Y., Azhar, G. S., Bisignano, C., Burkart, K., Cercy, K. M., Chung, E., Coberly, K., Comfort, H., Cousin, E., Culbreth, G. T., Cunningham, M., Weaver, N. D., Degenhardt, L., Deitesfeld, L., Dirac, M. A., Estep, K., Feigin, V. L., Flaxman, A. D., Flor, L. S., Force, L. M., Fuller, J. E., Gakidou, E., Hay, S. I., Ikuta, K. S., Jones, D. P., Kassebaum, N. J., Kassel, M. B., Keller, C., Kinzel, K. E., Krohn, K. J., Lozano, R., May, E. A., McKowen, A. W., McLaughlin, S. A., Mehlman, M. L., Mestrovic, T., Mokdad, A. H., Mosser, J. F., Mougin, V., Naghavi, M., Nesbit, O. D., Novotney, A., Ozten, Y., Pease, S. A., Pigott, D. M., Reiner, R. C., Robinson-Oden, H. E., Shaw, D. H., Slepak, E. L. N., Sorensen, R. J. D., Verghese, N. A., Vollset, S., Vongpradith, A., Vos, T., Wang, D., Watson, S., Weaver, M. R., Wells, K. M., Wilson, S., Wool, E. E., Zheng, P., Lim, S. S., Murray, C. J. L., Boyko, E. J., Chahine, Y., Kalani, R., Krishnamoorthy, V., Khalil, I. A., Minja, N. W., Morrison, S. D., Nafukho, F. M., Olivas-Martinez, A., Orellana, E., Tram, K., Aali, A., Rahnavard, N., Ahmadzade, A., Mohammad-Pour, S., Morovatdar, N., Pourali, G., Zafari, N., Abbafati, C., Cattaruzza, M. S., Abbas, J., Phillips, M. R., Abbasgholizadeh, R., Emamverdi, M., Friedman, J., Abbasi, M. A., Daneshvar, S., Dashti, M., Ghasemzadeh, A., Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, M., Doshmangir, L., Ghafourifard, M., Lotfi, M., Hosseini, M., Jadidi-Niaragh, F., Kalankesh, L. R., Karimi, S., Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, S., Khalafi, M., Mirghafourvand, M., Mirinezhad, S., Heris, R. M., Mousavi, S., Kafil, H. S., Abbasian, M., Momenzadeh, K., Santos, F. C. D., Carr, S., Chi, G., Elgendy, I. Y., Feroze, A. H., Kempen, J. H., Kubeisy, C. M., Li, Z., Rohloff, P., Liu, X., Natto, Z. S., Olanipekun, T. O., Pigeolet, M., Pradhan, P. M. S., Zweck, E., Sharfaei, S., Sheikh, A., Abtahi, D., Salimi, S., Shakeri, A., Tajbakhsh, A., Aghamiri, S., Ahmadzade, M., Hashemi, M. B., Ajami, M., Asgary, S., Ghasemi, M., Hassanian-Moghaddam, H., Kolahi, A., Nikoobar, A., Heidari-Foroozan, M., Montazeri, F., Nejadghaderi, S., Rahmani, S., Ziaeefar, P., Hesami, H., Zahir, M., Jahankhani, K., Rasouli-Saravani, A., Jahanmehr, N., Kashani, H. K., Nasiri, M., Raee, P., Rezaee, M., Safi, S., Shool, S., Tabatabai, S., ElHafeez, S. A., Tantawi, M. E., Elmeligy, O. A. A., Ghazy, R. M., Talaat, I. M., Abdelmasseh, M., Sanabria, J., Abd-Elsalam, S., Abdelwahab, A., Abdollahi, M., Abolhassani, H., Rezaei, N., Saghazadeh, A., Ala, M., Noroozi, N., Bahri, R. A., Khatami, F., Ayyoubzadeh, S., Azadnajafabad, S., Keykhaei, M., Momtazmanesh, S., Mousavi, P., Behnoush, A., Farrokhpour, H., Karimi, H., Khalaji, A., Khanmohammadi, S., Mayeli, M., Mohammadi, S., Eskandarieh, S., Sahraian, M., Fahimi, S., Malekzadeh, R., Mansouri, V., Sepanlou, S. G., Ghassemi, F., Haddadi, M., Kazemian, S., Khadembashiri, M., Khamesipour, F., Khavandegar, A., Khormali, M., Salamati, P., Kompani, F., Larijani, B., Mirdamadi, N., Seyedi, S., Malazy, O. T., Mahmoudi, E., Rashedi, S., Rad, E. M., Mansournia, M., Nasab, E. M., Mohammadshahi, M., Mostafavi, H., SeyedAlinaghi, S., Shafie, M., Shahbandi, A., Vahdani, A. M., Sharifan, A., Shirkoohi, R., Sohrabi, H., Tavangar, S., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Abdoun, M., Abdullahi, A., Awotidebe, A. W., Borodo, S. B., Gadanya, M. A., Ladan, M., Ali, M. U., Tyrovolas, S., Abdurehman, A. M., Debele, A. T., Getachew, T., Gudeta, M. D., Misgana, T., Sertsu, A., Abebe, M., Ayele, G. M., Afework, A., Lerango, T. L., Tebeje, T. M., Sibhat, M. M., Tesfaye, S. H., Abedi, A., Gholamrezanezhad, A., Salehi, S., Athari, S., Hanifi, N., Abegaz, T. M., Kifle, Z. D., Zuñiga, R. A. A., Abhilash, E. S., Abiodun, O. O., Aboagye, R. G., Amu, H., Ayanore, M. A., Dowou, R. K., Immurana, M., Klu, D., Orish, V. N., Carrero, J. J., Cederroth, C. R., Deuba, K., Laflamme, L., Fereshtehnejad, S., Kauppila, J. H., Abouzid, M., Abreu, L. G., Malta, D. C., Prates, E. J. S., Nascimento, B. R., Abrha, W. A., Weldemariam, A. H., Girmay, A., Abrigo, M. R. M., Rumeileh, S. A., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M., Aburuz, S., Ahmed, L. A., Alam, Z., Elbarazi, I., Grivna, M., Nauman, J., Khan, G., Khan, M. A., Zaki, N., Ahmad, M. M., Abu-Zaid, A., Temsah, R. M. H., Zand, R., Acuna, J. M., Gautam, P., Chowdhury, R., Adair, T., Jiang, H., Babu, A. S., Borschmann, R., Meretoja, A., Wijeratne, T., Addo, I. Y., Okeke, S. R., Dai, Z., Xu, X., Huda, M., Mitchell, P. B., Peden, A. E., Resnikoff, S., Sharma, S., Si, Y., Sitas, F., Ye, P., Adebayo, O. M., Aladelusi, T. O., Salami, A. A., Ilesanmi, O. S., Owolabi, M. O., Adegboye, O. A., Adekanmbi, V., AlBataineh, M. T., Almahmeed, W., Aden, B., Adepoju, A. V., Adetunji, C. O., Adeyeoluwa, T. E., Oyeyemi, I. T., Oyeyemi, O. T., Udoakang, A. J., Adeyomoye, O. I., Anuoluwa, I. A., Bello, O. O., Oluwafemi, Y. D., Ekundayo, T. C., Idowu, O. O., Oluwatunase, G. O., Afolabi, A. A., Ekholuenetale, M., Fagbamigbe, A. F., Olufadewa, I. I., Ibitoye, S. E., Okekunle, A. P., Adha, R., Adikusuma, W., Adibi, A., Chen, M., Hossain, M., Rasali, D. P., Pashaei, A., Adnani, Q. E. S., Postma, M. J., Adra, S., Barqawi, H. J., Dash, N. R., Halwani, R., Maghazachi, A. A., Saber-Ayad, M. M., Sharif-Askari, N. S., Ahmad, F., Saddik, B., Saleh, M. A., Alzoubi, K. H., Omar, H. A., Arumugam, A., Bustanji, Y., Elemam, N. M., Faris, M. E. M., Karim, A., Qaisar, R., Semreen, M. H., Soliman, S. S. M., Altirkawi, K. A., Afraz, A., Ilaghi, M., Nematollahi, M., Afyouni, S., Amindarolzarbi, A., Zandieh, G. G. Z., Columbus, A., Kamireddy, A., Shafaat, O., Kazemi, F., Vervoort, D., Zhang, H., Jamshidi, E., Afzal, S., Agasthi, P., Agodi, A., Barchitta, M., D'Amico, E., Maugeri, A., Veroux, M., Biondi, A., Isola, G., Vacante, M., Falzone, L., Libra, M., Agyemang-Duah, W., Nikpoor, A., Ahinkorah, B. O., Demant, D., Ahmad, A., Mustafa, G., Pathan, A. R., Tabish, M., Ahmad, D., Bagheri, N., Burns, R. A., Cherbuin, N., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Saxena, S., Beaney, T., Palladino, R., Rawaf, S., Mossialos, E., Rawaf, D. L., Ahmed, A., Siddig, E. E., Ahmed, H., Ahmed, M. B., Shiferaw, D., Ashemo, M. Y., Gerema, U., Getachew, M. E., Bayileyegn, N. S., Mohamed, A. I., Eshetie, T. C., Tiruye, T. Y., Ahmed, S., Ali, H., Bodunrin, A. O., Tumurkhuu, M., Tung, K., Ubah, C. S., Aruleba, R. T., Aji, B., Ajumobi, O., Akalu, G. T., Beyene, H. B., Deribe, K., Ijo, D., Kassaw, N. A., Akara, E., Akinosoglou, K., Akkala, S., Asaad, M., Hassan, A. M., Bleyer, A., Akyirem, S., Bell, M. L., Song, Y., Etaee, F., Goldust, M., Li, W., Pawar, S., Hamad, H. A., Sathian, B., Hasan, S. A., Homsi, A. A., Almidani, O., Göbölös, L., Qadire, M. A., AL-Ahdal, T. M. A., Chen, S., Moazen, B., Alalalmeh, S. O., Hegazi, O. E., Shahwan, M. J., Shamsi, M. A., Zyoud, S. H., Al-Aly, Z., Wang, C., Alam, K., Alam, M., Al-Amer, R. M., Naik, G. R., Alanzi, T. M., Bah, S., Menezes, R. G., Alanezi, F. M., Albashtawy, M., Aldridge, R. W., Chung, S., Hossain, S., Kim, J., Kivimäki, M., Sunkersing, D., Umar, T., Zumla, A., Alemi, S., Al-Eyadhy, A., Temsah, M., Alhabib, K. F., ElGohary, G. M. T., Meo, S. A., Al-Gheethi, A. A. S., Kiross, G. T., Alhalaiqa, F. A. N., Al-Maweri, S. A. A., Alomari, M. A., Mohammed, M., Al-Hanawi, M. K., Binmadi, N., Malik, A. A., Samargandy, S., Ali, A., Khan, I., Sawyer, S. M., Ali, B. A., Ali, R., Ali, S. S., Ali, Z., Samakkhah, S. A., Alicandro, G., Alif, S. M., Maharjan, P., Rai, P., Hasan, M., Thapa, R., Thrift, A. G., Aligol, M., Alimi, R., Aliyi, A. A., Jema, A., Al-Jumaily, A., Hankey, G. J., Kujan, O., Mansour, A., Aljunid, S. M., Al-Sabah, S. K., Al-Marwani, S., Almazan, J. U., Poddighe, D., Al-Mekhlafi, H. M., Ariffin, H., Lim, L., Bandyopadhyay, S., Basnyat, B., Maude, R. J., Bennett, D. A., Browne, A. 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- Abstract
Background: Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: 22 223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30 763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31 642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, ant
- Published
- 2024
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23. Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
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- Published
- 2024
24. Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
- Author
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Zhi-Jiang, Zhao, Hanqing, Zhong, Chenwen, Zhou, Juexiao, Zhu, Bin, Zhu, Lei, Ziafati, Makan, Zielińska, Magdalena, Zitoun, Osama A, Zoladl, Mohammad, Zou, Zhiyong, Zuhlke, Liesl J, Zumla, Alimuddin, Zweck, Elric, Zyoud, Samer H, Wool, Eve E, and Murray, Christopher J L
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- 2024
25. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF PRIORITY BASED MEMORY BALANCING TECHNIQUES IN IOT USING MACHINE LEARNING: Received: 25th August 2023; Revised: 14th September 2023; Accepted: 30th October 2023, 27th December 2023, 29th January 2024
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Daula, S. M. Shamsheer, Khan, G. Amjad, G. Ramesh, M. Madhusudhan Reddy, Daula, S. M. Shamsheer, Khan, G. Amjad, G. Ramesh, and M. Madhusudhan Reddy
- Abstract
Mostly the term unanimous would be more apt to coin as Internet of Things to be most promising technology which has grown many inner branches like Internet of Medical Things and so on. Managing or maintaining of storage of the IoT based components gets crucial for work over of pace for handling along with reaction of selected gadgets. The manuscript supports Priority Based Memory or Storage Balancing (PBMB) procedure in successful treatment of storage to work on the pace of reaction of the actuator gadgets. The memory adjusting plan is based upon successive AI calculation that breaks down the occasional way of behaving of the device in dealing with demands. In view of the examination, the accessible memory space is designated and liberated for getting demands and putting away data. The growing experience is convinced through time-subordinate transmission conduct perceptions. The utilized memory leads technique works in a flexible manner for changing time-essential and non-concede merciful applications by restricting storing and access delay at the device level. The proposed methodology is intended to restrict memory misuse, organization delay and to assemble of the solicitation handling rates.
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- 2024
26. Residues 2 to 7 of α-synuclein regulate amyloid formation via lipid-dependent and lipid-independent pathways.
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Dewison, Katherine M., Rowlinson, Benjamin, Machin, Jonathan M., Crossley, Joel A., Thacker, Dev, Wilkinson, Martin, Ulamec, Sabine M., Khan, G. Nasir, Ranson, Neil A., van Oosten-Hawle, Patricija, Brockwell, David J., and Radford, Sheena E.
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LEWY body dementia ,MULTIPLE system atrophy ,PARKINSON'S disease ,C-terminal residues ,MEMBRANE proteins - Abstract
Amyloid formation by α-synuclein (αSyn) occurs in Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and dementia with Lewy bodies. Deciphering the residues that regulate αSyn amyloid fibril formation will not only provide mechanistic insight but may also reveal targets to prevent and treat disease. Previous investigations have identified several regions of αSyn to be important in the regulation of amyloid formation, including the non-amyloid-β component (NAC), P1 region (residues 36 to 42), and residues in the C-terminal domain. Recent studies have also indicated the importance of the N-terminal region of αSyn for both its physiological and pathological roles. Here, the role of residues 2 to 7 in the N-terminal region of αSyn is investigated in terms of their ability to regulate amyloid fibril formation in vitro and in vivo. Deletion of these residues (αSynΔN7) slows the rate of fibril formation in vitro and reduces the capacity of the protein to be recruited by wild-type (αSynWT) fibril seeds, despite cryo-EM showing a fibril structure consistent with those of full-length αSyn. Strikingly, fibril formation of αSynΔN7 is not induced by liposomes, despite the protein binding to liposomes with similar affinity to αSynWT. A Caenorhabditis elegans model also showed that αSynΔN7::YFP forms few puncta and lacks motility and lifespan defects typified by expression of αSynWT::YFP. Together, the results demonstrate the involvement of residues 2 to 7 of αSyn in amyloid formation, revealing a target for the design of amyloid inhibitors that may leave the functional role of the protein in membrane binding unperturbed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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27. Raman spectroscopy study and dielectric anomalies in Bi1-Eu AFM FeO3 thin films
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Mumtaz, Fiza, primary, Jaffari, G. Hassnain, additional, Khan, G. Shabir, additional, and Ali, Awais, additional
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- 2024
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28. Clinical and Radiological Study of Serum Fluoride in Relation to Knee Osteoarthritis
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Singh VK, Rathore KS, Khan G, Rahim A, Rashid A, and Chauhan S
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fluorosis ,knee ,arthritis ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Fluorosis has been associated with an increased risk of degenerative changes in the knee. Multiple studies have found an association between arthritis and elevated fluoride levels. We aim to delineate if elevated fluoride level has any direct correlation with the degree of radiological grading and clinical symptoms in knee arthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 80 knee arthritis patients was conducted from February 2017 to April 2018. Serum fluoride levels were measured and patient’s pain scores, WOMAC scores and radiological grading were correlated with the elevated fluoride levels. RESULTS: In our study, 30 out of 80 patients had increased serum fluoride level. Statistically significant differences were noted in VAS score, WOMAC score and Kellgren and Lawrence radiological grades between patients with normal serum fluoride level and those with elevated fluoride level. CONCLUSION: There is an increased risk of knee arthritis in patients with elevated blood fluoride levels and patients with increased fluoride levels are associated with more severe symptoms and radiographic disease.
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- 2020
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29. Green synthesis of silk sericin-embedded silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial application against multidrug-resistant pathogens
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Al Masud, Md. Abdullah, Shaikh, Hamid, Alam, Md. Shamsul, Karim, M. Minnatul, Momin, M. Abdul, Islam, M. Ariful, and Khan, G. M. Arifuzzaman
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- 2021
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30. Comparative Analysis of Heat Transfer Coefficient for Wood and Non-wood Pulp Fiber: A Recent Study
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Khan, G., primary, Kazi, S. N., additional, Syed, M. A., additional, Nasar, S., additional, and Kakar, A., additional
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- 2021
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31. DT-13 inhibits breast cancer cell migration via non-muscle myosin II-A regulation in tumor microenvironment synchronized adaptations
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Gao, Y., Khan, G. J., Wei, X., Zhai, K.-F., Sun, L., and Yuan, S.
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- 2020
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32. Models prediction of particles ratio in pp collisions at √s = 900 GeV
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Ajaz, M, Khan, R, Bilal, M, Ali, Y, Khan, G, Younis, H, Khan, K H, Wazir, Z, Zaman, A, and Khan, A
- Published
- 2020
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33. A short motif in the N-terminal region of α-synuclein is critical for both aggregation and function
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Doherty, Ciaran P. A., Ulamec, Sabine M., Maya-Martinez, Roberto, Good, Sarah C., Makepeace, Jemma, Khan, G. Nasir, van Oosten-Hawle, Patricija, Radford, Sheena E., and Brockwell, David J.
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- 2020
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34. Effects of L‐ and D‐ form oligo(lactic acid)s grafted cellulose reinforcement on the thermal properties of poly(L‐lactic acid) composites
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Rana, Md. Masud, primary, Rahaman, Md. Hafezur, additional, Khan, G. M. Arifuzzaman, additional, Hossain, Md. Saddam, additional, and Parvez, Md. Masud, additional
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- 2023
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35. Personalized 18FDG Dose Synthesis Using BG-75 Generator: 1st Year Experience at JCI Accredited Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan
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Zaman M. U., Fatima N., Mehdi S. U., Sami M., Khan Kh., and Khan G.
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Cyclotron ● Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ● Fluorodeoxyglucose 18F ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 - Abstract
Background: Compact cyclotrons are getting popular to fulfill enormous current demands of PET tracers. Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan has acquired the first smallest footprint of BG-75 Generator for 18FDG-based PET/CT clinical imaging. We are sharing our experience of BG-75 in the first year (December 2015-November 2016) after commissioning. Material and Methods: BG-75 Generator (ABT, USA) was installed in available space without major design modification. It has a self-shielded mini-cyclotron (7.5 MeV proton beam, positive ion with current < 5µA) to produce [18F]F-, an automated card-based radiochemistry module to produce 18FDG and automated QC module to perform tests upon each batch of 18FDG. Data were collected for yields of [18F]F-, 18FDG, QC and radiation safety parameters. Results: Total 545 runs in 167 days (3±01 runs/day) were made. Average yield with 60 minute bombardment using 4.5 µA current was 37 mCi and 21 mCi for [18F] F- and 18FDG, respectively. Total 29 runs had chemistry or QC failures and were discarded. Remaining 516 batches were used to perform imaging upon 1370 patients (8±03 patients/day). Radiation dose in BG-75 suite and effective doses to 02 operators were within statutory limits. Conclusion: BG-75 Generator provides safe, dependable and sustainable supply of 18F-Fluoride for 18FDG and other low-volume clinical PET imaging. Its compactness and automation need minimal space and manpower. Radiation dose rate in cyclotron suite and personal dosimetry were also found within safe limits. Its Doseon-Demand workflow offers a new concept of Personalized Dose Preparation which is currently not possible with a conventional cyclotron. Citation: Zaman M. U, Fatima N, Mehdi S. U, Sami M, Khan Kh, Khan G. Personalized 18FDG Dose Synthesis Using BG-75 Generator: 1st Year Experience at JCI Accredited Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan. J Biomed Phys Eng. 2019;9(4):409-416. https://doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.792
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- 2019
36. Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 7
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Babu, U. Vimal, additional, Ramakrishana, M., additional, Nagamani, M., additional, Kumar, Rajendra, additional, Pandipati, Babu, additional, Sam, R. Praveen, additional, Priyadarshini, S. Hema, additional, Dutt, D. Narayana, additional, Rajan, Anand Prem, additional, Uparkar, Satyajit S., additional, Vaidya, Nalini V., additional, Lokhande, Kalpana G., additional, Golar, Priti C., additional, Ragini, Ch. Suvarna, additional, Ibrahim, Marzuki, additional, Omar, M. Hisham, additional, Abdullah, Imran, additional, Ahmad, M. Sophist, additional, Yusoff, S. A. Tajuddin Sh., additional, Daula, S. M. Shamsheer, additional, Khan, G. Amjad, additional, Ramesh, Sri G., additional, Reddy, Sri M. Madhusudhan, additional, Papadopoulos, P. G., additional, Xenidis, H., additional, Lazaridis, P., additional, Diamantopoulos, A., additional, Lambrou, P., additional, Arethas, Y., additional, Sonar, S. G., additional, Nalawade, R. V., additional, Kavitha, K., additional, Mangalam, H., additional, Pari, J. Britto, additional, Rani, S. P. Joy Vasantha, additional, Babu, N. Sharath, additional, Raju, G. Sreenivasa, additional, Sajja, Amrita, additional, Maheswari, G., additional, and Chitra, K., additional
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- 2020
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37. Phase 1b investigation of the MEK inhibitor binimetinib in patients with advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancer
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Finn, R. S., Ahn, D. H., Javle, M. M., Tan, Jr, B. R., Weekes, C. D., Bendell, J. C., Patnaik, A., Khan, G. N., Laheru, D., Chavira, R., Christy-Bittel, J., Barrett, E., Sawyer, M. B., and Bekaii-Saab, Tanios S.
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- 2018
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38. Prevalence of psychological distress and its association with socio-demographic and HIV-risk factors in South Africa: Findings of the 2012 HIV prevalence, incidence and behaviour survey
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Mthembu, J.C., Mabaso, M.L.H., Khan, G., and Simbayi, L.C.
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- 2017
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39. PATTERNS OF SUPERIOR ARTICULAR FACET AND MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF NEPALESE DRY CALCANEI
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Dhakal Arun, Adhikari Prashant, Khan G. Anwer, and Gautam Aajeevan
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Calcanei ,Talar articular facets ,Nepalese ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Introduction: The three important articulating facets in the superior aspect of the calcaneum are the anterior, middle and posterior articulating facet. Descriptions of the posterior talar facet on the dorsum of the calcaneus are similar. However, there are differences when facet for the head of the talus on the calcaneus is considered. Four types (pattern I, II, III, IV) of calcaneus having different talar facets are reported in the literature. Objective: This study aims to describe the calcaneal bone by measuring its dimensions and determining the variations of talar articulating facet. Materials and methods: Overall 142 calcanei (68 right, 74 left) with unidentified gender, were assessed. Vernier calipers and Goniometry were used. Results: In this study Type I calcaneus (56.34 %) was the most prevalent type with Type II calcaneus (42.25 %) as the second most common type followed by Type IV (1.41 %) as the third frequently found pattern of calcaneus. Conclusion: Type I calcaneus was the most frequent type in the Nepalese showing similarity to the results of the studies performed in Spanish, American, African and various Indian population. Bohler’s angle of the right and left calcanei was 34.920 ±8.090 and 35.40 ±7.300 respectively. Development of database of calcaneal measurements in various populations is recommended.
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- 2018
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40. Food Waste As A Useful Resource Of Bioactive Compounds And Their Extraction
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Masood, A., primary, Hassan, B., additional, Azhar, F., additional, and Khan, G. R., additional
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- 2023
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41. Optical band gap engineering of ZnO nanophosphors via Cu incorporation for ultraviolet–violet LED
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Khan, G. R.
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- 2020
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42. Crystallographic, structural and compositional parameters of Cu–ZnO nanocrystallites
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Khan, G. R.
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- 2020
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43. Effects of L‐ and D‐ form oligo(lactic acid)s grafted cellulose reinforcement on the thermal properties of poly(L‐lactic acid) composites.
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Rana, Md. Masud, Rahaman, Md. Hafezur, Khan, G. M. Arifuzzaman, Hossain, Md. Saddam, and Parvez, Md. Masud
- Subjects
LACTIC acid ,THERMAL properties ,SULFONIC acids ,CELLULOSE ,DEGREE of polymerization - Abstract
L‐ and D‐ form oligo(lactic acid)s (OLLA and ODLA) grafted α‐cellulose (OLLA‐g‐cellulose and ODLA‐g‐cellulose) were prepared by the graft polycondensation reaction in C6H5CH3 medium at 130°C and 380 mm of mercury pressure. Para‐toluene sulphonic acid (5 wt% of oligo(lactic acid)) was used as a catalyst whereas potassium persulfate (0.01 wt% of oligo(lactic acid)) was used as a co‐catalyst in the graft polycondensation reaction. OLLA and ODLA with a degree of polymerization (DP) 6–7 used in polycondensation reaction were also prepared by ring‐opening polymerization of L‐ and D‐lactides at 140°C for 10 h with stannous octoate (C16H30O4Sn) as a motivator, L, and D monomer of lactic acids as co‐motivators. FTIR analysis proved the bonding of OLLA and ODLA onto the α‐cellulose surface. The thermal properties of poly(L‐lactic) acid (PLLA) composites were explored by thermal analysis (TG, DTA, and DTG). Degradation, melting, and maximum weight loss temperature of the composites were increased with the increase of grafted cellulose up to 10% and then decreased. TG and DTA results showed that the incorporation of grafted α‐cellulose (grafted cellulose) can improve the thermal properties of PLLA composites. Highlights: Synthesis of oligo(lactic acid)s from L‐ and D‐lactides by ring‐opening polymerization reactions.α‐cellulose extraction and graft modification with oligo(lactic acid)s.Preparation of grafted α‐cellulose composite with PLLA matrix.Evaluation of thermal properties of the grafted α‐cellulose‐reinforced composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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44. Speech Enhancement Through an Extended Sub-band Adaptive Filter for Nonstationary Noise Environments
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Amjad Khan, G., primary and Sreenivasa Murthy, K. E., additional
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- 2019
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45. The overlapping burden of the three leading causes of disability and death in sub-Saharan African children
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Reiner, R.C., Welgan, C.A., Troeger, C.E., Baumann, M.M., Weiss, D.J., Deshpande, A., Blacker, B.F., Miller-Petrie, M.K., Earl, L., Bhatt, S., Abolhassani, H., Abosetugn, A.E., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Adekanmbi, V., Adetokunboh, O.O., Aghaali, M., Aji, B., Alahdab, F., Al-Aly, Z., Alhassan, R.K., Ali, S., Alizade, H., Aljunid, S.M., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Al-Mekhlafi, H.M., Altirkawi, K.A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amare, A.T., Amini, S., Amugsi, D.A., Ancuceanu, R., Andrei, C.L., Ansari, F., Anvari, D., Appiah, S.C.Y., Arabloo, J., Aremu, O., Atout, M.M.W., Ausloos, M., Ausloos, F., Ayanore, M.A., Aynalem, Y.A., Azene, Z.N., Badawi, A., Baig, A.A., Banach, M., Bedi, N., Bhagavathula, A.S., Bhandari, D., Bhardwaj, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhutta, Z.A., Bijani, A., Birhanu, T.T.M., Bitew, Z.W., Boloor, A., Brady, O.J., Butt, Z.A., Car, J., Carvalho, F., Casey, D.C., Chattu, V.K., Chowdhury, M.A.K., Chu, D.-., Coelho, C.H., Cook, A.J., Damiani, G., Daoud, F., Gela, J.D., Darwish, A.H., Daryani, A., Das, J.K., Davis Weaver, N., Deribe, K., Desalew, A., Dharmaratne, S.D., Dianatinasab, M., Diaz, D., Djalalinia, S., Dorostkar, F., Dubljanin, E., Duko, B., Dwyer-Lindgren, L., Effiong, A., El Sayed Zaki, M., El Tantawi, M., Enany, S., Fattahi, N., Feigin, V.L., Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Fischer, F., Foigt, N.A., Folayan, M.O., Foroutan, M., Frostad, J.J., Fukumoto, T., Gaidhane, A.M., Gebrekrstos, H.G.G.K., Gebremeskel, L., Gebreslassie, A.A., Gething, P.W., Gezae, K.E., Ghadiri, K., Ghashghaee, A., Golechha, M., Gubari, M.I.M., Hadgu, F.B., Hamidi, S., Handiso, D.W., Hashi, A., Hassan, S., Hayat, K., Herteliu, C., H. C., H., Holla, R., Hosseinzadeh, M., Househ, M., Hussain, R., Hwang, B.-., Ibitoye, S.E., Ilesanmi, O.S., Ilic, I.M., Ilic, M.D., Irvani, S.S.N., Jaafari, J., Javaheri, T., Jha, R.P., Johnson, K.B., Jonas, J.B., Jozwiak, J.J., Kabir, A., Kalhor, R., Kanchan, T., Karch, A., Kayode, G.A., Keiyoro, P.N., Khader, Y.S., Khalil, I.A., Khan, M.N., Khan, M., Khan, G., Khatab, K., Khater, M.M., Khatib, M.N., Kianipour, N., Kim, Y.J., Kimokoti, R.W., Kisa, S., Kisa, A., Kissoon, N., Kochhar, S., Koolivand, A., Kopec, J.A., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Kumar, P., Kurmi, O.P., Kusuma, D., Lal, D.K., Lami, F.H., Landires, I., Lansingh, V.C., Lasrado, S., La Vecchia, C., Lazzar-Atwood, A., Lee, P.H., Legrand, K.E., Lewycka, S., Li, B., Lim, S.S., Lindstedt, P.A., Liu, X., Longbottom, J., Lopez, A.D., Magdy Abd El Razek, H., Mahasha, P.W., Maleki, A., Mamun, A.A., Mansournia, M.A., Marczak, L.B., Martins-Melo, F.R., Mayala, B.K., Meharie, B.G., Melese, A., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R.G., Mengesha, E.W., Mensah, G.A., Meretoja, T.J., Mestrovic, T., Miller, T.R., Mirrakhimov, E.M., Moazen, B., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N., Mohammadi, S., Mohammed, S., Mokdad, A.H., Moradi, M., Moradzadeh, R., Moraga, P., Mosser, J.F., Murray, C.J.L., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A.J., Nazari, J., Ndejjo, R., Negoi, I., Ngunjiri, J.W., Nguyen, Q.A.P., Nguyen, H.L.T., Nnaji, C.A., Noubiap, J.J., Nunez-Samudio, V., Olagunju, A.T., Olusanya, J.O., Olusanya, B.O., Omer, M.O., Onwujekwe, O.E., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S.S., Owolabi, M.O., P A, M., Padubidri, J.R., Pana, A., Peprah, E.K., Pham, H.Q., Pigott, D.M., Pirestani, M., Postma, M.J., Pottoo, F.H., Pourjafar, H., Quazi Syed, Z., Rahim, F., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rahman, M.H.U., Rao, S.J., Rao, P.C., Rathi, P., Rawaf, S., Rawaf, D.L., Rawal, L., Rawassizadeh, R., Regassa, L.D., Renzaho, A.M.N., Rezaei, N., Rezai, M.S., Ribeiro, A.I., Rickard, J., Rios-Gonzalez, C.M., Rumisha, S.F., Sabour, S., Sajadi, S.M., Salomon, J.A., Samadi Kafil, H., Samy, A.M., Sanabria, J., Sartorius, B., Saxena, D., Schaeffer, L.E., Senthilkumaran, S., Sha, F., Shaheen, A.A., Shaikh, M.A., Sharma, R., Sheikh, A., Shibuya, K., Shigematsu, M., Il Shin, J., Simonetti, B., Singh, J.A., Smith, D.L., Soheili, A., Sokhan, A., Spurlock, E.E., Sreeramareddy, C.T., Sufiyan, M.B., Swartz, S.J., Tadesse, D.B., Tamiru, A.T., Tefera, Y.G., Temsah, M.-., Tessema, Z.T., Titova, M.V., Tran, B.X., Truong, P.N., Unnikrishnan, B., Upadhyay, E., Vasankari, T.J., Vasseghian, Y., Violante, F.S., G. T., V., Waheed, Y., Wamai, R.G., Wassie, E.G., Welay, F.T., Wickramasinghe, N.D., Wiens, K.E., Wijeratne, T., Wiysonge, C.S., Wondmeneh, T.G., Yamada, T., Yaya, S., Yeshitila, Y.G., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Yu, C., Yuce, D., Yusefzadeh, H., Zaidi, Z., Zamanian, M., Zangeneh, A., Zhang, Z.-., Zhang, Y., Ziapour, A., Hay, S.I., Reiner, RC Jr, Welgan, CA, Troeger, CE, Baumann, MM, Duko, Bereket, Hay, Simon I, LBD Triple Collaborators, Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Reiner, R, Welgan, C, Troeger, C, Baumann, M, Weiss, D, Deshpande, A, Blacker, B, Miller-Petrie, M, Earl, L, Bhatt, S, Abolhassani, H, Abosetugn, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, O, Aghaali, M, Aji, B, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alhassan, R, Ali, S, Alizade, H, Aljunid, S, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Amini, S, Amugsi, D, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, C, Ansari, F, Anvari, D, Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Atout, M, Ausloos, M, Ausloos, F, Ayanore, M, Aynalem, Y, Azene, Z, Badawi, A, Baig, A, Banach, M, Bedi, N, Bhagavathula, A, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, Z, Bijani, A, Birhanu, T, Bitew, Z, Boloor, A, Brady, O, Butt, Z, Car, J, Carvalho, F, Casey, D, Chattu, V, Chowdhury, M, Chu, D, Coelho, C, Cook, A, Damiani, G, Daoud, F, Gela, J, Darwish, A, Daryani, A, Das, J, Davis Weaver, N, Deribe, K, Desalew, A, Dharmaratne, S, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Dorostkar, F, Dubljanin, E, Duko, B, Dwyer-Lindgren, L, Effiong, A, El Sayed Zaki, M, El Tantawi, M, Enany, S, Fattahi, N, Feigin, V, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Foroutan, M, Frostad, J, Fukumoto, T, Gaidhane, A, Gebrekrstos, H, Gebremeskel, L, Gebreslassie, A, Gething, P, Gezae, K, Ghadiri, K, Ghashghaee, A, Golechha, M, Gubari, M, Hadgu, F, Hamidi, S, Handiso, D, Hashi, A, Hassan, S, Hayat, K, Herteliu, C, Ho, H, Holla, R, Hosseinzadeh, M, Househ, M, Hussain, R, Hwang, B, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Irvani, S, Jaafari, J, Javaheri, T, Jha, R, Johnson, K, Jonas, J, Jozwiak, J, Kabir, A, Kalhor, R, Kanchan, T, Karch, A, Kayode, G, Keiyoro, P, Khader, Y, Khalil, I, Khan, M, Khan, G, Khatab, K, Khater, M, Khatib, M, Kianipour, N, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Kissoon, N, Kochhar, S, Koolivand, A, Kopec, J, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kumar, P, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, Lal, D, Lami, F, Landires, I, Lansingh, V, Lasrado, S, La Vecchia, C, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Lee, P, Legrand, K, Lewycka, S, Li, B, Lim, S, Lindstedt, P, Liu, X, Longbottom, J, Lopez, A, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Mahasha, P, Maleki, A, Mamun, A, Mansournia, M, Marczak, L, Martins-Melo, F, Mayala, B, Meharie, B, Melese, A, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, E, Mensah, G, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Miller, T, Mirrakhimov, E, Moazen, B, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Mohammadi, S, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Moradi, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Mosser, J, Murray, C, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, Q, Nguyen, H, Nnaji, C, Noubiap, J, Nunez-Samudio, V, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, J, Olusanya, B, Omer, M, Onwujekwe, O, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Owolabi, M, P A, M, Padubidri, J, Pana, A, Peprah, E, Pham, H, Pigott, D, Pirestani, M, Postma, M, Pottoo, F, Pourjafar, H, Quazi Syed, Z, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rao, S, Rao, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, D, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Regassa, L, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezai, M, Ribeiro, A, Rickard, J, Rios-Gonzalez, C, Rumisha, S, Sabour, S, Sajadi, S, Salomon, J, Samadi Kafil, H, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sartorius, B, Saxena, D, Schaeffer, L, Senthilkumaran, S, Sha, F, Shaheen, A, Shaikh, M, Sharma, R, Sheikh, A, Shibuya, K, Shigematsu, M, Il Shin, J, Simonetti, B, Singh, J, Smith, D, Soheili, A, Sokhan, A, Spurlock, E, Sreeramareddy, C, Sufiyan, M, Swartz, S, Tadesse, D, Tamiru, A, Tefera, Y, Temsah, M, Tessema, Z, Titova, M, Tran, B, Truong, P, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Vasankari, T, Vasseghian, Y, Violante, F, Vu, G, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Wassie, E, Welay, F, Wickramasinghe, N, Wiens, K, Wijeratne, T, Wiysonge, C, Wondmeneh, T, Yamada, T, Yaya, S, Yeshitila, Y, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yuce, D, Yusefzadeh, H, Zaidi, Z, Zamanian, M, Zangeneh, A, Zhang, Z, Zhang, Y, Ziapour, A, Hay, S, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Clinicum, Helsinki University Hospital Area, and Department of Oncology
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary ,Settore MED/42 - Igiene Generale e Applicata ,3122 Cancers ,malaria ,General Physics and Astronomy ,COVID-19 ,General Chemistry ,3126 Surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care, radiology ,infectious diseases ,Sub-Saharian Africa ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Settore MED/01 - Statistica Medica ,Children mortality ,epidemiology ,biogeography - Abstract
Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s). Despite substantial declines since 2000, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), diarrhoeal diseases, and malaria remain among the leading causes of nonfatal and fatal disease burden for children under 5 years of age (under 5), primarily in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The spatial burden of each of these diseases has been estimated subnationally across SSA, yet no prior analyses have examined the pattern of their combined burden. Here we synthesise subnational estimates of the burden of LRIs, diarrhoea, and malaria in children under-5 from 2000 to 2017 for 43 sub-Saharan countries. Some units faced a relatively equal burden from each of the three diseases, while others had one or two dominant sources of unit-level burden, with no consistent pattern geographically across the entire subcontinent. Using a subnational counterfactual analysis, we show that nearly 300 million DALYs could have been averted since 2000 by raising all units to their national average. Our findings are directly relevant for decision-makers in determining which and targeting where the most appropriate interventions are for increasing child survival.
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- 2022
46. Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived with Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups from 2010 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
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Kocarnik, J, Compton, K, Dean, F, Fu, W, Gaw, B, Harvey, J, Henrikson, H, Lu, D, Pennini, A, Xu, R, Ababneh, E, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdoli, A, Abedi, A, Abidi, H, Abolhassani, H, Adedeji, I, Adnani, Q, Advani, S, Afzal, M, Aghaali, M, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed Rashid, T, Ahmed Salih, Y, Akalu, G, Aklilu, A, Akram, T, Akunna, C, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Ali, S, Alimohamadi, Y, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Alkhayyat, M, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, N, Al-Maweri, S, Almustanyir, S, Alonso, N, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amu, H, Anbesu, E, Ancuceanu, R, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antwi, M, Anvari, D, Anyasodor, A, Aqeel, M, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aremu, O, Ariffin, H, Aripov, T, Arshad, M, Artaman, A, Arulappan, J, Asemi, Z, Asghari Jafarabadi, M, Ashraf, T, Atorkey, P, Aujayeb, A, Ausloos, M, Awedew, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayenew, T, Azab, M, Azadnajafabad, S, Azari Jafari, A, Azarian, G, Azzam, A, Badiye, A, Bahadory, S, Baig, A, Baker, J, Balakrishnan, S, Banach, M, Barnighausen, T, Barone-Adesi, F, Barra, F, Barrow, A, Behzadifar, M, Belgaumi, U, Bezabhe, W, Bezabih, Y, Bhagat, D, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, V, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Bisignano, C, Bjorge, T, Bleyer, A, Blyuss, O, Bolarinwa, O, Bolla, S, Braithwaite, D, Brar, A, Brenner, H, Bustamante-Teixeira, M, Butt, N, Butt, Z, Caetano Dos Santos, F, Cao, Y, Carreras, G, Catala-Lopez, F, Cembranel, F, Cerin, E, Cernigliaro, A, Chakinala, R, Chattu, S, Chattu, V, Chaturvedi, P, Chimed-Ochir, O, Cho, D, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Chung, M, Conde, J, Cortes, S, Cortesi, P, Costa, V, Cunha, A, Dadras, O, Dagnew, A, Dahlawi, S, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Darwesh, A, Das Neves, J, De La Hoz, F, Demis, A, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Dhamnetiya, D, Dhimal, M, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Do, H, Doaei, S, Dorostkar, F, Dos Santos Figueiredo, F, Driscoll, T, Ebrahimi, H, Eftekharzadeh, S, El Tantawi, M, El-Abid, H, Elbarazi, I, Elhabashy, H, Elhadi, M, El-Jaafary, S, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Etemadi, A, Ezzikouri, S, Faisaluddin, M, Faraon, E, Fares, J, Farzadfar, F, Feroze, A, Ferrero, S, Ferro Desideri, L, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, J, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gaal, P, Gad, M, Gadanya, M, Gallus, S, Gaspar Fonseca, M, Getachew Obsa, A, Ghafourifard, M, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Gholamalizadeh, M, Gilani, S, Ginindza, T, Gizaw, A, Glasbey, J, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Gomez, R, Gopalani, S, Gorini, G, Goudarzi, H, Grosso, G, Gubari, M, Guerra, M, Guha, A, Gunasekera, D, Gupta, B, Gupta, V, Gutierrez, R, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haider, M, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Halwani, R, Hamadeh, R, Hameed, S, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Haque, S, Harlianto, N, Haro, J, Hasaballah, A, Hassanipour, S, Hay, R, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Heidari, M, Herrera-Serna, B, Herteliu, C, Hezam, K, Holla, R, Hossain, M, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsairi, M, Huang, J, Hugo, F, Hussain, R, Hussein, N, Hwang, B, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, S, Ida, F, Ikuta, K, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Irham, L, Islam, J, Islam, R, Islam, S, Ismail, N, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Jacob, L, Jain, V, Jakovljevic, M, Javaheri, T, Jayaram, S, Jazayeri, S, Jha, R, Jonas, J, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kahrizi, D, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kaliyadan, F, Kalkonde, Y, Kamath, A, Kameran Al-Salihi, N, Kandel, H, Kapoor, N, Karch, A, Kasa, A, Katikireddi, S, Kauppila, J, Kavetskyy, T, Kebede, S, Keshavarz, P, Keykhaei, M, Khader, Y, Khalilov, R, Khan, G, Khan, M, Khang, Y, Khater, A, Khayamzadeh, M, Kim, G, Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Kopec, J, Koteeswaran, R, Koul, P, Koulmane Laxminarayana, S, Koyanagi, A, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kugbey, N, Kumar, G, Kumar, N, Kurmi, O, Kutluk, T, La Vecchia, C, Lami, F, Landires, I, Lauriola, P, Lee, S, Lee, W, Lee, Y, Leigh, J, Leong, E, Li, J, Li, M, Liu, X, Loureiro, J, Lunevicius, R, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Male, S, Malik, A, Mansournia, M, Martini, S, Masoumi, S, Mathur, P, Mckee, M, Mehrotra, R, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, E, Mesregah, M, Mestrovic, T, Miao Jonasson, J, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Miller, T, Mirzaei, H, Misra, S, Mithra, P, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohammad, K, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadi, S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Moka, N, Mokdad, A, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Moni, M, Moosavi, M, Moradi, Y, Moraga, P, Morgado-Da-Costa, J, Morrison, S, Mosapour, A, Mubarik, S, Mwanri, L, Nagarajan, A, Nagaraju, S, Nagata, C, Naimzada, M, Nangia, V, Naqvi, A, Narasimha Swamy, S, Ndejjo, R, Nduaguba, S, Negoi, I, Negru, S, Neupane Kandel, S, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, H, Niazi, R, Nnaji, C, Noor, N, Nunez-Samudio, V, Nzoputam, C, Oancea, B, Ochir, C, Odukoya, O, Ogbo, F, Olagunju, A, Olakunde, B, Omar, E, Omar Bali, A, Omonisi, A, Ong, S, Onwujekwe, O, Orru, H, Ortega-Altamirano, D, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Owolabi, M, P A, M, Padubidri, J, Pakshir, K, Pana, A, Panagiotakos, D, Panda-Jonas, S, Pardhan, S, Park, E, Pashazadeh Kan, F, Patel, H, Patel, J, Pati, S, Pattanshetty, S, Paudel, U, Pereira, D, Pereira, R, Perianayagam, A, Pillay, J, Pirouzpanah, S, Pishgar, F, Podder, I, Postma, M, Pourjafar, H, Prashant, A, Preotescu, L, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Radhakrishnan, R, Radhakrishnan, V, Rafiee, A, Rahim, F, Rahimzadeh, S, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Rajai, N, Rajesh, A, Rakovac, I, Ram, P, Ramezanzadeh, K, Ranabhat, K, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, C, Rao, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Razeghinia, M, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Roberts, T, Rodriguez, J, Rohloff, P, Romoli, M, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Rwegerera, G, Manjula, S, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Saeed, U, Sahebkar, A, Sahoo, H, Salehi, S, Salem, M, Salimzadeh, H, Samaei, M, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sankararaman, S, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sardiwalla, Y, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Saylan, M, Schneider, I, Sekerija, M, Seylani, A, Shafaat, O, Shaghaghi, Z, Shaikh, M, Shamsoddin, E, Shannawaz, M, Sharma, R, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shetty, A, Shetty, J, Shetty, P, Shibuya, K, Shirkoohi, R, Shivakumar, K, Shivarov, V, Siabani, S, Siddappa Malleshappa, S, Silva, D, Singh, J, Sintayehu, Y, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Soeberg, M, Sofi-Mahmudi, A, Sotoudeh, H, Steiropoulos, P, Straif, K, Subedi, R, Sufiyan, M, Sultan, I, Sultana, S, Sur, D, Szerencses, V, Szocska, M, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Tadbiri, H, Taherkhani, A, Takahashi, K, Talaat, I, Tan, K, Tat, V, Tedla, B, Tefera, Y, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temsah, M, Tesfay, F, Tessema, G, Thapar, R, Thavamani, A, Thoguluva Chandrasekar, V, Thomas, N, Tohidinik, H, Touvier, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tran, B, Tran, K, Tran, M, Tripathy, J, Tusa, B, Ullah, I, Ullah, S, Umapathi, K, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Vacante, M, Vaezi, M, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Velazquez, D, Veroux, M, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vo, B, Volovici, V, Vu, G, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Ward, P, Wen, Y, Westerman, R, Winkler, A, Yadav, L, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yang, L, Yaya, S, Yazie, T, Yeshaw, Y, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yousefi, Z, Yu, C, Yuce, D, Yunusa, I, Zadnik, V, Zare, F, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, J, Zhong, C, Zhou, L, Zhu, C, Ziapour, A, Zimmermann, I, Fitzmaurice, C, Murray, C, Force, L, Kocarnik J. M., Compton K., Dean F. E., Fu W., Gaw B. L., Harvey J. D., Henrikson H. J., Lu D., Pennini A., Xu R., Ababneh E., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbastabar H., Abd-Elsalam S. M., Abdoli A., Abedi A., Abidi H., Abolhassani H., Adedeji I. A., Adnani Q. E. S., Advani S. M., Afzal M. S., Aghaali M., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad S., Ahmad T., Ahmadi A., Ahmadi S., Ahmed Rashid T., Ahmed Salih Y., Akalu G. T., Aklilu A., Akram T., Akunna C. J., Al Hamad H., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Ali S., Alimohamadi Y., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Alkhayyat M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almasri N. A., Al-Maweri S. A. A., Almustanyir S., Alonso N., Alvis-Guzman N., Amu H., Anbesu E. W., Ancuceanu R., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Antwi M. H., Anvari D., Anyasodor A. E., Aqeel M., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aremu O., Ariffin H., Aripov T., Arshad M., Artaman A., Arulappan J., Asemi Z., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Ashraf T., Atorkey P., Aujayeb A., Ausloos M., Awedew A. F., Ayala Quintanilla B. P., Ayenew T., Azab M. A., Azadnajafabad S., Azari Jafari A., Azarian G., Azzam A. Y., Badiye A. D., Bahadory S., Baig A. A., Baker J. L., Balakrishnan S., Banach M., Barnighausen T. W., Barone-Adesi F., Barra F., Barrow A., Behzadifar M., Belgaumi U. I., Bezabhe W. M. M., Bezabih Y. M., Bhagat D. S., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhaskar S., Bhattacharyya K., Bhojaraja V. S., Bibi S., Bijani A., Biondi A., Bisignano C., Bjorge T., Bleyer A., Blyuss O., Bolarinwa O. A., Bolla S. R., Braithwaite D., Brar A., Brenner H., Bustamante-Teixeira M. T., Butt N. S., Butt Z. A., Caetano Dos Santos F. L., Cao Y., Carreras G., Catala-Lopez F., Cembranel F., Cerin E., Cernigliaro A., Chakinala R. C., Chattu S. K., Chattu V. K., Chaturvedi P., Chimed-Ochir O., Cho D. Y., Christopher D. J., Chu D. -T., Chung M. T., Conde J., Cortes S., Cortesi P. A., Costa V. M., Cunha A. R., Dadras O., Dagnew A. B., Dahlawi S. M. A., Dai X., Dandona L., Dandona R., Darwesh A. M., Das Neves J., De La Hoz F. P., Demis A. B., Denova-Gutierrez E., Dhamnetiya D., Dhimal M. L., Dhimal M., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Do H. P., Doaei S., Dorostkar F., Dos Santos Figueiredo F. W., Driscoll T. R., Ebrahimi H., Eftekharzadeh S., El Tantawi M., El-Abid H., Elbarazi I., Elhabashy H. R., Elhadi M., El-Jaafary S. I., Eshrati B., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilzadeh F., Etemadi A., Ezzikouri S., Faisaluddin M., Faraon E. J. A., Fares J., Farzadfar F., Feroze A. H., Ferrero S., Ferro Desideri L., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher J. L., Foroutan M., Fukumoto T., Gaal P. A., Gad M. M., Gadanya M. A., Gallus S., Gaspar Fonseca M., Getachew Obsa A., Ghafourifard M., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Gholamalizadeh M., Gilani S. A., Ginindza T. G., Gizaw A. T. T., Glasbey J. C., Golechha M., Goleij P., Gomez R. S., Gopalani S. V., Gorini G., Goudarzi H., Grosso G., Gubari M. I. M., Guerra M. R., Guha A., Gunasekera D. S., Gupta B., Gupta V. B., Gupta V. K., Gutierrez R. A., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haider M. R., Haj-Mirzaian A., Halwani R., Hamadeh R. R., Hameed S., Hamidi S., Hanif A., Haque S., Harlianto N. I., Haro J. M., Hasaballah A. I., Hassanipour S., Hay R. J., Hay S. I., Hayat K., Heidari G., Heidari M., Herrera-Serna B. Y., Herteliu C., Hezam K., Holla R., Hossain M. M., Hossain M. B. H., Hosseini M. -S., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Hsairi M., Huang J., Hugo F. N., Hussain R., Hussein N. R., Hwang B. -F., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S. E., Ida F., Ikuta K. S., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Irham L. M., Islam J. Y., Islam R. M., Islam S. M. S., Ismail N. E., Isola G., Iwagami M., Jacob L., Jain V., Jakovljevic M. B., Javaheri T., Jayaram S., Jazayeri S. B., Jha R. P., Jonas J. B., Joo T., Joseph N., Joukar F., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kahrizi D., Kalankesh L. R., Kalhor R., Kaliyadan F., Kalkonde Y., Kamath A., Kameran Al-Salihi N., Kandel H., Kapoor N., Karch A., Kasa A. S., Katikireddi S. V., Kauppila J. H., Kavetskyy T., Kebede S. A., Keshavarz P., Keykhaei M., Khader Y. S., Khalilov R., Khan G., Khan M., Khan M. N., Khan M. A. B., Khang Y. -H., Khater A. M., Khayamzadeh M., Kim G. R., Kim Y. J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Kopec J. A., Koteeswaran R., Koul P. A., Koulmane Laxminarayana S. L., Koyanagi A., Kucuk Bicer B., Kugbey N., Kumar G. A., Kumar N., Kurmi O. P., Kutluk T., La Vecchia C., Lami F. H., Landires I., Lauriola P., Lee S. -W., Lee S. W. H., Lee W. -C., Lee Y. H., Leigh J., Leong E., Li J., Li M. -C., Liu X., Loureiro J. A., Lunevicius R., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Majeed A., Makki A., Male S., Malik A. A., Mansournia M. A., Martini S., Masoumi S. Z., Mathur P., McKee M., Mehrotra R., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Mengesha E. W., Mesregah M. K., Mestrovic T., Miao Jonasson J., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Michalek I. M., Miller T. R., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei H. R., Misra S., Mithra P., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohammad K. A., Mohammad Y., Mohammadi M., Mohammadi S. M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed S., Moka N., Mokdad A. H., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Moni M. A., Moosavi M. A., Moradi Y., Moraga P., Morgado-Da-Costa J., Morrison S. D., Mosapour A., Mubarik S., Mwanri L., Nagarajan A. J., Nagaraju S. P., Nagata C., Naimzada M. D., Nangia V., Naqvi A. A., Narasimha Swamy S., Ndejjo R., Nduaguba S. O., Negoi I., Negru S. M., Neupane Kandel S., Nguyen C. T., Nguyen H. L. T., Niazi R. K., Nnaji C. A., Noor N. M., Nunez-Samudio V., Nzoputam C. I., Oancea B., Ochir C., Odukoya O. O., Ogbo F. A., Olagunju A. T., Olakunde B. O., Omar E., Omar Bali A., Omonisi A. E. E., Ong S., Onwujekwe O. E., Orru H., Ortega-Altamirano D. V., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S. S., Owolabi M. O., P A M., Padubidri J. R., Pakshir K., Pana A., Panagiotakos D., Panda-Jonas S., Pardhan S., Park E. -C., Park E. -K., Pashazadeh Kan F., Patel H. K., Patel J. R., Pati S., Pattanshetty S. M., Paudel U., Pereira D. M., Pereira R. B., Perianayagam A., Pillay J. D., Pirouzpanah S., Pishgar F., Podder I., Postma M. J., Pourjafar H., Prashant A., Preotescu L., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Radhakrishnan R. A., Radhakrishnan V., Rafiee A., Rahim F., Rahimzadeh S., Rahman M., Rahman M. A., Rahmani A. M., Rajai N., Rajesh A., Rakovac I., Ram P., Ramezanzadeh K., Ranabhat K., Ranasinghe P., Rao C. R., Rao S. J., Rawassizadeh R., Razeghinia M. S., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Roberts T. J., Rodriguez J. A. B., Rohloff P., Romoli M., Ronfani L., Roshandel G., Rwegerera G. M., Manjula S., Sabour S., Saddik B., Saeed U., Sahebkar A., Sahoo H., Salehi S., Salem M. R., Salimzadeh H., Samaei M., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Sankararaman S., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sardiwalla Y., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Saylan M., Schneider I. J. C., Sekerija M., Seylani A., Shafaat O., Shaghaghi Z., Shaikh M. A., Shamsoddin E., Shannawaz M., Sharma R., Sheikh A., Sheikhbahaei S., Shetty A., Shetty J. K., Shetty P. H., Shibuya K., Shirkoohi R., Shivakumar K. M., Shivarov V., Siabani S., Siddappa Malleshappa S. K., Silva D. A. S., Singh J. A., Sintayehu Y., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Soeberg M. J., Sofi-Mahmudi A., Sotoudeh H., Steiropoulos P., Straif K., Subedi R., Sufiyan M. B., Sultan I., Sultana S., Sur D., Szerencses V., Szocska M., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Tadbiri H., Taherkhani A., Takahashi K., Talaat I. M., Tan K. -K., Tat V. Y., Tedla B. A. A., Tefera Y. G., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Temsah M. -H., Tesfay F. H., Tessema G. A., Thapar R., Thavamani A., Thoguluva Chandrasekar V., Thomas N., Tohidinik H. R., Touvier M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Traini E., Tran B. X., Tran K. B., Tran M. T. N., Tripathy J. P., Tusa B. S., Ullah I., Ullah S., Umapathi K. K., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Vacante M., Vaezi M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Velazquez D. Z., Veroux M., Violante F. S., Vlassov V., Vo B., Volovici V., Vu G. T., Waheed Y., Wamai R. G., Ward P., Wen Y. F., Westerman R., Winkler A. S., Yadav L., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yang L., Yaya S., Yazie T. S. Y., Yeshaw Y., Yonemoto N., Younis M. Z., Yousefi Z., Yu C., Yuce D., Yunusa I., Zadnik V., Zare F., Zastrozhin M. S., Zastrozhina A., Zhang J., Zhong C., Zhou L., Zhu C., Ziapour A., Zimmermann I. R., Fitzmaurice C., Murray C. J. L., Force L. M., Kocarnik, J, Compton, K, Dean, F, Fu, W, Gaw, B, Harvey, J, Henrikson, H, Lu, D, Pennini, A, Xu, R, Ababneh, E, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdoli, A, Abedi, A, Abidi, H, Abolhassani, H, Adedeji, I, Adnani, Q, Advani, S, Afzal, M, Aghaali, M, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed Rashid, T, Ahmed Salih, Y, Akalu, G, Aklilu, A, Akram, T, Akunna, C, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Ali, S, Alimohamadi, Y, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Alkhayyat, M, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, N, Al-Maweri, S, Almustanyir, S, Alonso, N, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amu, H, Anbesu, E, Ancuceanu, R, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antwi, M, Anvari, D, Anyasodor, A, Aqeel, M, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aremu, O, Ariffin, H, Aripov, T, Arshad, M, Artaman, A, Arulappan, J, Asemi, Z, Asghari Jafarabadi, M, Ashraf, T, Atorkey, P, Aujayeb, A, Ausloos, M, Awedew, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayenew, T, Azab, M, Azadnajafabad, S, Azari Jafari, A, Azarian, G, Azzam, A, Badiye, A, Bahadory, S, Baig, A, Baker, J, Balakrishnan, S, Banach, M, Barnighausen, T, Barone-Adesi, F, Barra, F, Barrow, A, Behzadifar, M, Belgaumi, U, Bezabhe, W, Bezabih, Y, Bhagat, D, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, V, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Bisignano, C, Bjorge, T, Bleyer, A, Blyuss, O, Bolarinwa, O, Bolla, S, Braithwaite, D, Brar, A, Brenner, H, Bustamante-Teixeira, M, Butt, N, Butt, Z, Caetano Dos Santos, F, Cao, Y, Carreras, G, Catala-Lopez, F, Cembranel, F, Cerin, E, Cernigliaro, A, Chakinala, R, Chattu, S, Chattu, V, Chaturvedi, P, Chimed-Ochir, O, Cho, D, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Chung, M, Conde, J, Cortes, S, Cortesi, P, Costa, V, Cunha, A, Dadras, O, Dagnew, A, Dahlawi, S, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Darwesh, A, Das Neves, J, De La Hoz, F, Demis, A, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Dhamnetiya, D, Dhimal, M, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Do, H, Doaei, S, Dorostkar, F, Dos Santos Figueiredo, F, Driscoll, T, Ebrahimi, H, 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Seylani, A, Shafaat, O, Shaghaghi, Z, Shaikh, M, Shamsoddin, E, Shannawaz, M, Sharma, R, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shetty, A, Shetty, J, Shetty, P, Shibuya, K, Shirkoohi, R, Shivakumar, K, Shivarov, V, Siabani, S, Siddappa Malleshappa, S, Silva, D, Singh, J, Sintayehu, Y, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Soeberg, M, Sofi-Mahmudi, A, Sotoudeh, H, Steiropoulos, P, Straif, K, Subedi, R, Sufiyan, M, Sultan, I, Sultana, S, Sur, D, Szerencses, V, Szocska, M, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Tadbiri, H, Taherkhani, A, Takahashi, K, Talaat, I, Tan, K, Tat, V, Tedla, B, Tefera, Y, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temsah, M, Tesfay, F, Tessema, G, Thapar, R, Thavamani, A, Thoguluva Chandrasekar, V, Thomas, N, Tohidinik, H, Touvier, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tran, B, Tran, K, Tran, M, Tripathy, J, Tusa, B, Ullah, I, Ullah, S, Umapathi, K, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Vacante, M, Vaezi, M, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Velazquez, D, Veroux, M, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vo, B, Volovici, V, Vu, G, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Ward, P, Wen, Y, Westerman, R, Winkler, A, Yadav, L, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yang, L, Yaya, S, Yazie, T, Yeshaw, Y, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yousefi, Z, Yu, C, Yuce, D, Yunusa, I, Zadnik, V, Zare, F, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, J, Zhong, C, Zhou, L, Zhu, C, Ziapour, A, Zimmermann, I, Fitzmaurice, C, Murray, C, Force, L, Kocarnik J. M., Compton K., Dean F. E., Fu W., Gaw B. L., Harvey J. D., Henrikson H. J., Lu D., Pennini A., Xu R., Ababneh E., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbastabar H., Abd-Elsalam S. M., Abdoli A., Abedi A., Abidi H., Abolhassani H., Adedeji I. A., Adnani Q. E. S., Advani S. M., Afzal M. S., Aghaali M., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad S., Ahmad T., Ahmadi A., Ahmadi S., Ahmed Rashid T., Ahmed Salih Y., Akalu G. T., Aklilu A., Akram T., Akunna C. J., Al Hamad H., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Ali S., Alimohamadi Y., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Alkhayyat M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almasri N. A., Al-Maweri S. A. A., Almustanyir S., Alonso N., Alvis-Guzman N., Amu H., Anbesu E. W., Ancuceanu R., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Antwi M. H., Anvari D., Anyasodor A. E., Aqeel M., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aremu O., Ariffin H., Aripov T., Arshad M., Artaman A., Arulappan J., Asemi Z., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Ashraf T., Atorkey P., Aujayeb A., Ausloos M., Awedew A. F., Ayala Quintanilla B. P., Ayenew T., Azab M. A., Azadnajafabad S., Azari Jafari A., Azarian G., Azzam A. Y., Badiye A. D., Bahadory S., Baig A. A., Baker J. L., Balakrishnan S., Banach M., Barnighausen T. W., Barone-Adesi F., Barra F., Barrow A., Behzadifar M., Belgaumi U. I., Bezabhe W. M. M., Bezabih Y. M., Bhagat D. S., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhaskar S., Bhattacharyya K., Bhojaraja V. S., Bibi S., Bijani A., Biondi A., Bisignano C., Bjorge T., Bleyer A., Blyuss O., Bolarinwa O. A., Bolla S. R., Braithwaite D., Brar A., Brenner H., Bustamante-Teixeira M. T., Butt N. S., Butt Z. A., Caetano Dos Santos F. L., Cao Y., Carreras G., Catala-Lopez F., Cembranel F., Cerin E., Cernigliaro A., Chakinala R. C., Chattu S. K., Chattu V. K., Chaturvedi P., Chimed-Ochir O., Cho D. Y., Christopher D. J., Chu D. -T., Chung M. T., Conde J., Cortes S., Cortesi P. A., Costa V. M., Cunha A. R., Dadras O., Dagnew A. B., Dahlawi S. M. A., Dai X., Dandona L., Dandona R., Darwesh A. M., Das Neves J., De La Hoz F. P., Demis A. B., Denova-Gutierrez E., Dhamnetiya D., Dhimal M. L., Dhimal M., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Do H. P., Doaei S., Dorostkar F., Dos Santos Figueiredo F. W., Driscoll T. R., Ebrahimi H., Eftekharzadeh S., El Tantawi M., El-Abid H., Elbarazi I., Elhabashy H. R., Elhadi M., El-Jaafary S. I., Eshrati B., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilzadeh F., Etemadi A., Ezzikouri S., Faisaluddin M., Faraon E. J. A., Fares J., Farzadfar F., Feroze A. H., Ferrero S., Ferro Desideri L., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher J. L., Foroutan M., Fukumoto T., Gaal P. A., Gad M. M., Gadanya M. A., Gallus S., Gaspar Fonseca M., Getachew Obsa A., Ghafourifard M., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Gholamalizadeh M., Gilani S. A., Ginindza T. G., Gizaw A. T. T., Glasbey J. C., Golechha M., Goleij P., Gomez R. S., Gopalani S. V., Gorini G., Goudarzi H., Grosso G., Gubari M. I. M., Guerra M. R., Guha A., Gunasekera D. S., Gupta B., Gupta V. B., Gupta V. K., Gutierrez R. A., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haider M. 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A., Keshavarz P., Keykhaei M., Khader Y. S., Khalilov R., Khan G., Khan M., Khan M. N., Khan M. A. B., Khang Y. -H., Khater A. M., Khayamzadeh M., Kim G. R., Kim Y. J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Kopec J. A., Koteeswaran R., Koul P. A., Koulmane Laxminarayana S. L., Koyanagi A., Kucuk Bicer B., Kugbey N., Kumar G. A., Kumar N., Kurmi O. P., Kutluk T., La Vecchia C., Lami F. H., Landires I., Lauriola P., Lee S. -W., Lee S. W. H., Lee W. -C., Lee Y. H., Leigh J., Leong E., Li J., Li M. -C., Liu X., Loureiro J. A., Lunevicius R., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Majeed A., Makki A., Male S., Malik A. A., Mansournia M. A., Martini S., Masoumi S. Z., Mathur P., McKee M., Mehrotra R., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Mengesha E. W., Mesregah M. K., Mestrovic T., Miao Jonasson J., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Michalek I. M., Miller T. R., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei H. R., Misra S., Mithra P., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohammad K. A., Mohammad Y., Mohammadi M., Mohammadi S. M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed S., Moka N., Mokdad A. H., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Moni M. A., Moosavi M. A., Moradi Y., Moraga P., Morgado-Da-Costa J., Morrison S. D., Mosapour A., Mubarik S., Mwanri L., Nagarajan A. J., Nagaraju S. P., Nagata C., Naimzada M. D., Nangia V., Naqvi A. A., Narasimha Swamy S., Ndejjo R., Nduaguba S. O., Negoi I., Negru S. M., Neupane Kandel S., Nguyen C. T., Nguyen H. L. T., Niazi R. K., Nnaji C. A., Noor N. M., Nunez-Samudio V., Nzoputam C. I., Oancea B., Ochir C., Odukoya O. O., Ogbo F. A., Olagunju A. T., Olakunde B. O., Omar E., Omar Bali A., Omonisi A. E. E., Ong S., Onwujekwe O. E., Orru H., Ortega-Altamirano D. V., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S. S., Owolabi M. O., P A M., Padubidri J. R., Pakshir K., Pana A., Panagiotakos D., Panda-Jonas S., Pardhan S., Park E. -C., Park E. -K., Pashazadeh Kan F., Patel H. K., Patel J. R., Pati S., Pattanshetty S. M., Paudel U., Pereira D. M., Pereira R. B., Perianayagam A., Pillay J. D., Pirouzpanah S., Pishgar F., Podder I., Postma M. J., Pourjafar H., Prashant A., Preotescu L., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Radhakrishnan R. A., Radhakrishnan V., Rafiee A., Rahim F., Rahimzadeh S., Rahman M., Rahman M. A., Rahmani A. M., Rajai N., Rajesh A., Rakovac I., Ram P., Ramezanzadeh K., Ranabhat K., Ranasinghe P., Rao C. R., Rao S. J., Rawassizadeh R., Razeghinia M. S., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Roberts T. J., Rodriguez J. A. B., Rohloff P., Romoli M., Ronfani L., Roshandel G., Rwegerera G. M., Manjula S., Sabour S., Saddik B., Saeed U., Sahebkar A., Sahoo H., Salehi S., Salem M. R., Salimzadeh H., Samaei M., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Sankararaman S., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sardiwalla Y., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Saylan M., Schneider I. J. C., Sekerija M., Seylani A., Shafaat O., Shaghaghi Z., Shaikh M. A., Shamsoddin E., Shannawaz M., Sharma R., Sheikh A., Sheikhbahaei S., Shetty A., Shetty J. K., Shetty P. H., Shibuya K., Shirkoohi R., Shivakumar K. M., Shivarov V., Siabani S., Siddappa Malleshappa S. K., Silva D. A. S., Singh J. A., Sintayehu Y., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Soeberg M. J., Sofi-Mahmudi A., Sotoudeh H., Steiropoulos P., Straif K., Subedi R., Sufiyan M. B., Sultan I., Sultana S., Sur D., Szerencses V., Szocska M., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Tadbiri H., Taherkhani A., Takahashi K., Talaat I. M., Tan K. -K., Tat V. Y., Tedla B. A. A., Tefera Y. G., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Temsah M. -H., Tesfay F. H., Tessema G. A., Thapar R., Thavamani A., Thoguluva Chandrasekar V., Thomas N., Tohidinik H. R., Touvier M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Traini E., Tran B. X., Tran K. B., Tran M. T. N., Tripathy J. P., Tusa B. S., Ullah I., Ullah S., Umapathi K. K., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Vacante M., Vaezi M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Velazquez D. Z., Veroux M., Violante F. S., Vlassov V., Vo B., Volovici V., Vu G. T., Waheed Y., Wamai R. G., Ward P., Wen Y. F., Westerman R., Winkler A. S., Yadav L., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yang L., Yaya S., Yazie T. S. Y., Yeshaw Y., Yonemoto N., Younis M. Z., Yousefi Z., Yu C., Yuce D., Yunusa I., Zadnik V., Zare F., Zastrozhin M. S., Zastrozhina A., Zhang J., Zhong C., Zhou L., Zhu C., Ziapour A., Zimmermann I. R., Fitzmaurice C., Murray C. J. L., and Force L. M.
- Abstract
IMPORTANCE The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and
- Published
- 2022
47. The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
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Tran, K, Lang, J, Compton, K, Xu, R, Acheson, A, Henrikson, H, Kocarnik, J, Penberthy, L, Aali, A, Abbas, Q, Abbasi, B, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, Z, Abbastabar, H, Abdelmasseh, M, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdelwahab, A, Abdoli, G, Abdulkadir, H, Abedi, A, Abegaz, K, Abidi, H, Aboagye, R, Abolhassani, H, Absalan, A, Abtew, Y, Abubaker Ali, H, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Achappa, B, Acuna, J, Addison, D, Addo, I, Adegboye, O, Adesina, M, Adnan, M, Adnani, Q, Advani, S, Afrin, S, Afzal, M, Aggarwal, M, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, R, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, L, Ahmed, M, Ahmed Rashid, T, Aiman, W, Ajami, M, Akalu, G, Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, M, Aklilu, A, Akonde, M, Akunna, C, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alanezi, F, Alanzi, T, Alessy, S, Algammal, A, Al-Hanawi, M, Alhassan, R, Ali, B, Ali, L, Ali, S, Alimohamadi, Y, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Alkhayyat, M, Al-Maweri, S, Almustanyir, S, Alonso, N, Alqalyoobi, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Al-Rifai, R, Al-Sabah, S, Al-Tammemi, A, Altawalah, H, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, F, Ameyaw, E, Aminian Dehkordi, J, Amirzade-Iranaq, M, Amu, H, Amusa, G, Ancuceanu, R, Anderson, J, Animut, Y, Anoushiravani, A, Anoushirvani, A, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Ansha, M, Antony, B, Antwi, M, Anwar, S, Anwer, R, Anyasodor, A, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aremu, O, Argaw, A, Ariffin, H, Aripov, T, Arshad, M, Artaman, A, Arulappan, J, Aruleba, R, Aryannejad, A, Asaad, M, Asemahagn, M, Asemi, Z, Asghari-Jafarabadi, M, Ashraf, T, Assadi, R, Athar, M, Athari, S, Atout, M, Attia, S, Aujayeb, A, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Awedew, A, Awoke, M, Awoke, T, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayana, T, Ayen, S, Azadi, D, Azadnajafabad, S, Azami-Aghdash, S, Azanaw, M, Azangou-Khyavy, M, Azari Jafari, A, Azizi, H, Azzam, A, Babajani, A, Badar, M, Badiye, A, Baghcheghi, N, Bagheri, N, Bagherieh, S, Bahadory, S, Baig, A, Baker, J, Bakhtiari, A, Bakshi, R, Banach, M, Banerjee, I, Bardhan, M, Barone-Adesi, F, Barra, F, Barrow, A, Bashir, N, Bashiri, A, Basu, S, Batiha, A, Begum, A, Bekele, A, Belay, A, Belete, M, Belgaumi, U, Bell, A, Belo, L, Benzian, H, Berhie, A, Bermudez, A, Bernabe, E, Bhagavathula, A, Bhala, N, Bhandari, B, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, V, Bhuyan, S, Bibi, S, Bilchut, A, Bintoro, B, Biondi, A, Birega, M, Birhan, H, Bjorge, T, Blyuss, O, Bodicha, B, Bolla, S, Boloor, A, Bosetti, C, Braithwaite, D, Brauer, M, Brenner, H, Briko, A, Briko, N, Buchanan, C, Bulamu, N, Bustamante-Teixeira, M, Butt, M, Butt, N, Butt, Z, Caetano dos Santos, F, Camera, L, Cao, C, Cao, Y, Carreras, G, Carvalho, M, Cembranel, F, Cerin, E, Chakraborty, P, Charalampous, P, Chattu, V, Chimed-Ochir, O, Chirinos-Caceres, J, Cho, D, Cho, W, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Chukwu, I, Cohen, A, Conde, J, Cortes, S, Costa, V, Cruz-Martins, N, Culbreth, G, Dadras, O, Dagnaw, F, Dahlawi, S, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Danielewicz, A, Dao, A, Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, R, Darwesh, A, Das, S, Davitoiu, D, Davtalab Esmaeili, E, De la Hoz, F, Debela, S, Dehghan, A, Demisse, B, Demisse, F, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Derakhshani, A, Derbew Molla, M, Dereje, D, Deribe, K, Desai, R, Desalegn, M, Dessalegn, F, Dessalegni, S, Dessie, G, Desta, A, Dewan, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dhimal, M, Dianatinasab, M, Diao, N, Diaz, D, Digesa, L, Dixit, S, Doaei, S, Doan, L, Doku, P, Dongarwar, D, dos Santos, W, Driscoll, T, Dsouza, H, Durojaiye, O, Edalati, S, Eghbalian, F, Ehsani-Chimeh, E, Eini, E, Ekholuenetale, M, Ekundayo, T, Ekwueme, D, El Tantawi, M, Elbahnasawy, M, Elbarazi, I, Elghazaly, H, Elhadi, M, El-Huneidi, W, Emamian, M, Engelbert Bain, L, Enyew, D, Erkhembayar, R, Eshetu, T, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Espinosa-Montero, J, Etaee, F, Etemadimanesh, A, Eyayu, T, Ezeonwumelu, I, Ezzikouri, S, Fagbamigbe, A, Fahimi, S, Fakhradiyev, I, Faraon, E, Fares, J, Farmany, A, Farooque, U, Farrokhpour, H, Fasanmi, A, Fatehizadeh, A, Fatima, W, Fattahi, H, Fekadu, G, Feleke, B, Ferrari, A, Ferrero, S, Ferro Desideri, L, Filip, I, Fischer, F, 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Keikavoosi-Arani, L, Kejela, G, Kemp Bohan, P, Keramati, M, Keykhaei, M, Khajuria, H, Khan, A, Khan, E, Khan, G, Khan, M, Khanali, J, Khatab, K, Khatatbeh, M, Khatib, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Khayat Kashani, H, Khazeei Tabari, M, Khezeli, M, Khodadost, M, Kim, M, Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Klugar, M, Klugarova, J, Kolahi, A, Kolkhir, P, Kompani, F, Koul, P, Koulmane Laxminarayana, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, Y, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kugbey, N, Kulimbet, M, Kumar, A, Kumar, G, Kumar, N, Kurmi, O, Kuttikkattu, A, La Vecchia, C, Lahiri, A, Lal, D, Lam, J, Lan, Q, Landires, I, Larijani, B, Lasrado, S, Lau, J, Lauriola, P, Ledda, C, Lee, S, Lee, W, Lee, Y, Legesse, S, Leigh, J, Leong, E, Li, M, Lim, S, Liu, G, Liu, J, Lo, C, Lohiya, A, Lopukhov, P, Lorenzovici, L, Lotfi, M, Loureiro, J, Lunevicius, R, Madadizadeh, F, Mafi, A, Magdeldin, S, Mahjoub, S, Mahmoodpoor, A, Mahmoudi, M, Mahmoudimanesh, M, Mahumud, R, Majeed, A, Majidpoor, J, Makki, A, Makris, K, Malakan Rad, E, Malekpour, M, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, A, Mallhi, T, Mallya, S, Mamun, M, Manda, A, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Martini, S, Martorell, M, Masoudi, S, Masoumi, S, Matei, C, Mathews, E, Mathur, M, Mathur, V, Mckee, M, Meena, J, Mehmood, K, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Mehrotra, R, Melese, A, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, S, Mensah, L, Mentis, A, Mera-Mamian, A, Meretoja, T, Merid, M, Mersha, A, Meselu, B, Meshkat, M, Mestrovic, T, Miao Jonasson, J, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Mijena, G, Miller, T, Mir, S, Mirinezhad, S, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, M, Mirzaei, H, Misganaw, A, Misra, S, Mohammad, K, Mohammadi, E, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, A, Mohammed, S, Mohan, S, Mohseni, M, Moka, N, Mokdad, A, Molassiotis, A, Molokhia, M, Momenzadeh, K, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Mons, U, Montasir, A, Montazeri, F, Montero, A, Moosavi, M, Moradi, A, Moradi, Y, Moradi Sarabi, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Morrison, S, Morze, J, Mosapour, A, 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B., Lang J. J., Compton K., Xu R., Acheson A. R., Henrikson H. J., Kocarnik J. M., Penberthy L., Aali A., Abbas Q., Abbasi B., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbasi-Kangevari Z., Abbastabar H., Abdelmasseh M., Abd-Elsalam S., Abdelwahab A. A., Abdoli G., Abdulkadir H. A., Abedi A., Abegaz K. H., Abidi H., Aboagye R. G., Abolhassani H., Absalan A., Abtew Y. D., Abubaker Ali H., Abu-Gharbieh E., Achappa B., Acuna J. M., Addison D., Addo I. Y., Adegboye O. A., Adesina M. A., Adnan M., Adnani Q. E. S., Advani S. M., Afrin S., Afzal M. S., Aggarwal M., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad A. R., Ahmad R., Ahmad S., Ahmadi S., Ahmed H., Ahmed L. A., Ahmed M. B., Ahmed Rashid T., Aiman W., Ajami M., Akalu G. T., Akbarzadeh-Khiavi M., Aklilu A., Akonde M., Akunna C. J., Al Hamad H., Alahdab F., Alanezi F. M., Alanzi T. M., Alessy S. A., Algammal A. M., Al-Hanawi M. K., Alhassan R. K., Ali B. A., Ali L., Ali S. S., Alimohamadi Y., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Alkhayyat M., Al-Maweri S. A. A., Almustanyir S., Alonso N., Alqalyoobi S., Al-Raddadi R. M., Al-Rifai R. H. H., Al-Sabah S. K., Al-Tammemi A. B., Altawalah H., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare F., Ameyaw E. K., Aminian Dehkordi J. J., Amirzade-Iranaq M. H., Amu H., Amusa G. A., Ancuceanu R., Anderson J. A., Animut Y. A., Anoushiravani A., Anoushirvani A. A., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Ansha M. G., Antony B., Antwi M. H., Anwar S. L., Anwer R., Anyasodor A. E., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aremu O., Argaw A. M., Ariffin H., Aripov T., Arshad M., Artaman A., Arulappan J., Aruleba R. T., Aryannejad A., Asaad M., Asemahagn M. A., Asemi Z., Asghari-Jafarabadi M., Ashraf T., Assadi R., Athar M., Athari S. S., Atout M. M. W., Attia S., Aujayeb A., Ausloos M., Avila-Burgos L., Awedew A. F., Awoke M. A., Awoke T., Ayala Quintanilla B. P., Ayana T. M., Ayen S. S., Azadi D., Azadnajafabad S., Azami-Aghdash S., Azanaw M. M., Azangou-Khyavy M., Azari Jafari A., Azizi H., Azzam A. Y. Y., Babajani A., Badar M., Badiye A. 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H., Molassiotis A., Molokhia M., Momenzadeh K., Momtazmanesh S., Monasta L., Mons U., Montasir A. A., Montazeri F., Montero A., Moosavi M. A., Moradi A., Moradi Y., Moradi Sarabi M., Moraga P., Morawska L., Morrison S. D., Morze J., Mosapour A., Mostafavi E., Mousavi S. M., Mousavi Isfahani H., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Mpundu-Kaambwa C., Mubarik S., Mulita F., Munblit D., Munro S. B., Murillo-Zamora E., Musa J., Nabhan A. F., Nagarajan A. J., Nagaraju S. P., Nagel G., Naghipour M., Naimzada M. D., Nair T. S., Naqvi A. A., Narasimha Swamy S., Narayana A. I., Nassereldine H., Natto Z. S., Nayak B. P., Ndejjo R., Nduaguba S. O., Negash W. W., Nejadghaderi S. A., Nejati K., Neupane Kandel S., Nguyen H. V. N., Niazi R. K., Noor N. M., Noori M., Noroozi N., Nouraei H., Nowroozi A., Nunez-Samudio V., Nzoputam C. I., Nzoputam O. J., Oancea B., Odukoya O. O., Oghenetega O. B., Ogunsakin R. E., Oguntade A. S., Oh I. -H., Okati-Aliabad H., Okekunle A. P., Olagunju A. T., Olagunju T. O., Olakunde B. O., Olufadewa I. I., Omer E., Omonisi A. E. E., Ong S., Onwujekwe O. E., Orru H., Otstavnov S. S., Oulhaj A., Oumer B., Owopetu O. F., Oyinloye B. E., P A M., Padron-Monedero A., Padubidri J. R., Pakbin B., Pakshir K., Pakzad R., Palicz T., Pana A., Pandey A., Pant S., Pardhan S., Park E. -C., Park E. -K., Park S., Patel J., Pati S., Paudel R., Paudel U., Paun M., Pazoki Toroudi H., Peng M., Pereira J., Pereira R. B., Perna S., Perumalsamy N., Pestell R. G., Pezzani R., Piccinelli C., Pillay J. D., Piracha Z. Z., Pischon T., Postma M. J., Pourabhari Langroudi A., Pourshams A., Pourtaheri N., Prashant A., Qadir M. M. F., Quazi Syed Z., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Radhakrishnan R. A., Radhakrishnan V., Raeisi M., Rafiee A., Rafiei A., Raheem N., Rahim F., Rahman M. O., Rahman M., Rahman M. A., Rahmani A. M., Rahmani S., Rahmanian V., Rajai N., Rajesh A., Ram P., Ramezanzadeh K., Rana J., Ranabhat K., Ranasinghe P., Rao C. R., Rao S. J., Rashedi S., Rashidi A., Rashidi M., Rashidi M. -M., Ratan Z. A., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Razeghinia M. S., Rehman A. U., Rehman I. U., Reitsma M. B., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezaei M., Rezaei N., Rezaei S., Rezaeian M., Rezapour A., Riad A., Rikhtegar R., Rios-Blancas M., Roberts T. J., Rohloff P., Romero-Rodriguez E., Roshandel G., Rwegerera G. M., S M., Saber-Ayad M. M., Saberzadeh-Ardestani B., Sabour S., Saddik B., Sadeghi E., Saeb M. R., Saeed U., Safaei M., Safary A., Sahebazzamani M., Sahebkar A., Sahoo H., Sajid M. R., Salari H., Salehi S., Salem M. R., Salimzadeh H., Samodra Y. L., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Sankararaman S., Sanmarchi F., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Saqib M. A. N., Sarveazad A., Sarvi F., Sathian B., Satpathy M., Sayegh N., Schneider I. J. C., Schwarzinger M., Sekerija M., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S. G., Seylani A., Seyoum K., Sha F., Shafaat O., Shah P. A., Shahabi S., Shahid I., Shahrbaf M. A., Shahsavari H. R., Shaikh M. A., Shaka M. 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M., Tabuchi T., Tadbiri H., Taheri E., Taheri M., Taheri Soodejani M., Takahashi K., Talaat I. M., Tampa M., Tan K. -K., Tat N. Y., Tat V. Y., Tavakoli A., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekalegn Y., Tesfay F. H., Thapar R., Thavamani A., Thoguluva Chandrasekar V., Thomas N., Thomas N. K., Ticoalu J. H. V., Tiyuri A., Tollosa D. N., Topor-Madry R., Touvier M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Traini E., Tran M. T. N., Tripathy J. P., Ukke G. G., Ullah I., Ullah S., Unnikrishnan B., Vacante M., Vaezi M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Valdez P. R., Vardavas C., Varthya S. B., Vaziri S., Velazquez D. Z., Veroux M., Villeneuve P. J., Violante F. S., Vladimirov S. K., Vlassov V., Vo B., Vu L. G., Wadood A. W., Waheed Y., Walde M. T., Wamai R. G., Wang C., Wang F., Wang N., Wang Y., Ward P., Waris A., Westerman R., Wickramasinghe N. D., Woldemariam M., Woldu B., Xiao H., Xu S., Xu X., Yadav L., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yang L., Yazdanpanah F., Yeshaw Y., Yismaw Y., Yonemoto N., Younis M. Z., Yousefi Z., Yousefian F., Yu C., Yu Y., Yunusa I., Zahir M., Zaki N., Zaman B. A., Zangiabadian M., Zare F., Zare I., Zareshahrabadi Z., Zarrintan A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zeineddine M. A., Zhang D., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Zhang Z. -J., Zhou L., Zodpey S., Zoladl M., Vos T., Hay S. I., Force L. M., and Murray C. J. L.
- Abstract
Background: Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods: The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings: Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01-4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3-48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1-45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60-3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8-54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36-1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5-41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6-28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8-25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [2
- Published
- 2022
48. The overlapping burden of the three leading causes of disability and death in sub-Saharan African children
- Author
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Reiner, R, Welgan, C, Troeger, C, Baumann, M, Weiss, D, Deshpande, A, Blacker, B, Miller-Petrie, M, Earl, L, Bhatt, S, Abolhassani, H, Abosetugn, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, O, Aghaali, M, Aji, B, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alhassan, R, Ali, S, Alizade, H, Aljunid, S, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Amini, S, Amugsi, D, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, C, Ansari, F, Anvari, D, Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Atout, M, Ausloos, M, Ausloos, F, Ayanore, M, Aynalem, Y, Azene, Z, Badawi, A, Baig, A, Banach, M, Bedi, N, Bhagavathula, A, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, Z, Bijani, A, Birhanu, T, Bitew, Z, Boloor, A, Brady, O, Butt, Z, Car, J, Carvalho, F, Casey, D, Chattu, V, Chowdhury, M, Chu, D, Coelho, C, Cook, A, Damiani, G, Daoud, F, Gela, J, Darwish, A, Daryani, A, Das, J, Davis Weaver, N, Deribe, K, Desalew, A, Dharmaratne, S, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Dorostkar, F, Dubljanin, E, Duko, B, Dwyer-Lindgren, L, Effiong, A, El Sayed Zaki, M, El Tantawi, M, Enany, S, Fattahi, N, Feigin, V, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Foroutan, M, Frostad, J, Fukumoto, T, Gaidhane, A, Gebrekrstos, H, Gebremeskel, L, Gebreslassie, A, Gething, P, Gezae, K, Ghadiri, K, Ghashghaee, A, Golechha, M, Gubari, M, Hadgu, F, Hamidi, S, Handiso, D, Hashi, A, Hassan, S, Hayat, K, Herteliu, C, Ho, H, Holla, R, Hosseinzadeh, M, Househ, M, Hussain, R, Hwang, B, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Irvani, S, Jaafari, J, Javaheri, T, Jha, R, Johnson, K, Jonas, J, Jozwiak, J, Kabir, A, Kalhor, R, Kanchan, T, Karch, A, Kayode, G, Keiyoro, P, Khader, Y, Khalil, I, Khan, M, Khan, G, Khatab, K, Khater, M, Khatib, M, Kianipour, N, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Kissoon, N, Kochhar, S, Koolivand, A, Kopec, J, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kumar, P, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, Lal, D, Lami, F, Landires, I, Lansingh, V, Lasrado, S, La Vecchia, C, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Lee, P, Legrand, K, Lewycka, S, Li, B, Lim, S, Lindstedt, P, Liu, X, Longbottom, J, Lopez, A, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Mahasha, P, Maleki, A, Mamun, A, Mansournia, M, Marczak, L, Martins-Melo, F, Mayala, B, Meharie, B, Melese, A, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, E, Mensah, G, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Miller, T, Mirrakhimov, E, Moazen, B, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Mohammadi, S, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Moradi, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Mosser, J, Murray, C, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, Q, Nguyen, H, Nnaji, C, Noubiap, J, Nunez-Samudio, V, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, J, Olusanya, B, Omer, M, Onwujekwe, O, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Owolabi, M, P A, M, Padubidri, J, Pana, A, Peprah, E, Pham, H, Pigott, D, Pirestani, M, Postma, M, Pottoo, F, Pourjafar, H, Quazi Syed, Z, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rao, S, Rao, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, D, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Regassa, L, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezai, M, Ribeiro, A, Rickard, J, Rios-Gonzalez, C, Rumisha, S, Sabour, S, Sajadi, S, Salomon, J, Samadi Kafil, H, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sartorius, B, Saxena, D, Schaeffer, L, Senthilkumaran, S, Sha, F, Shaheen, A, Shaikh, M, Sharma, R, Sheikh, A, Shibuya, K, Shigematsu, M, Il Shin, J, Simonetti, B, Singh, J, Smith, D, Soheili, A, Sokhan, A, Spurlock, E, Sreeramareddy, C, Sufiyan, M, Swartz, S, Tadesse, D, Tamiru, A, Tefera, Y, Temsah, M, Tessema, Z, Titova, M, Tran, B, Truong, P, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Vasankari, T, Vasseghian, Y, Violante, F, Vu, G, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Wassie, E, Welay, F, Wickramasinghe, N, Wiens, K, Wijeratne, T, Wiysonge, C, Wondmeneh, T, Yamada, T, Yaya, S, Yeshitila, Y, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yuce, D, Yusefzadeh, H, Zaidi, Z, Zamanian, M, Zangeneh, A, Zhang, Z, Zhang, Y, Ziapour, A, Hay, S, Reiner R. C., Welgan C. A., Troeger C. E., Baumann M. M., Weiss D. J., Deshpande A., Blacker B. F., Miller-Petrie M. K., Earl L., Bhatt S., Abolhassani H., Abosetugn A. E., Abu-Gharbieh E., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O. O., Aghaali M., Aji B., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Alhassan R. K., Ali S., Alizade H., Aljunid S. M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Al-Mekhlafi H. M., Altirkawi K. A., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A. T., Amini S., Amugsi D. A., Ancuceanu R., Andrei C. L., Ansari F., Anvari D., Appiah S. C. Y., Arabloo J., Aremu O., Atout M. M. W., Ausloos M., Ausloos F., Ayanore M. A., Aynalem Y. A., Azene Z. N., Badawi A., Baig A. A., Banach M., Bedi N., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhandari D., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhutta Z. A., Bijani A., Birhanu T. T. M., Bitew Z. W., Boloor A., Brady O. J., Butt Z. A., Car J., Carvalho F., Casey D. C., Chattu V. K., Chowdhury M. A. K., Chu D. -T., Coelho C. H., Cook A. J., Damiani G., Daoud F., Gela J. D., Darwish A. H., Daryani A., Das J. K., Davis Weaver N., Deribe K., Desalew A., Dharmaratne S. D., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Dorostkar F., Dubljanin E., Duko B., Dwyer-Lindgren L., Effiong A., El Sayed Zaki M., El Tantawi M., Enany S., Fattahi N., Feigin V. L., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Fischer F., Foigt N. A., Folayan M. O., Foroutan M., Frostad J. J., Fukumoto T., Gaidhane A. M., Gebrekrstos H. G. G. K., Gebremeskel L., Gebreslassie A. A., Gething P. W., Gezae K. E., Ghadiri K., Ghashghaee A., Golechha M., Gubari M. I. M., Hadgu F. B., Hamidi S., Handiso D. W., Hashi A., Hassan S., Hayat K., Herteliu C., Ho H. C., Holla R., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Hussain R., Hwang B. -F., Ibitoye S. E., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Irvani S. S. N., Jaafari J., Javaheri T., Jha R. P., Johnson K. B., Jonas J. B., Jozwiak J. J., Kabir A., Kalhor R., Kanchan T., Karch A., Kayode G. A., Keiyoro P. N., Khader Y. S., Khalil I. A., Khan M. N., Khan M., Khan G., Khatab K., Khater M. M., Khatib M. N., Kianipour N., Kim Y. J., Kimokoti R. W., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kissoon N., Kochhar S., Koolivand A., Kopec J. A., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Kumar P., Kurmi O. P., Kusuma D., Lal D. K., Lami F. H., Landires I., Lansingh V. C., Lasrado S., La Vecchia C., Lazzar-Atwood A., Lee P. H., LeGrand K. E., Lewycka S., Li B., Lim S. S., Lindstedt P. A., Liu X., Longbottom J., Lopez A. D., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Mahasha P. W., Maleki A., Mamun A. A., Mansournia M. A., Marczak L. B., Martins-Melo F. R., Mayala B. K., Meharie B. G., Melese A., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Mengesha E. W., Mensah G. A., Meretoja T. J., Mestrovic T., Miller T. R., Mirrakhimov E. M., Moazen B., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadi S., Mohammed S., Mokdad A. H., Moradi M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mosser J. F., Murray C. J. L., Naderi M., Nagarajan A. J., Nazari J., Ndejjo R., Negoi I., Ngunjiri J. W., Nguyen Q. A. P., Nguyen H. L. T., Nnaji C. A., Noubiap J. J., Nunez-Samudio V., Olagunju A. T., Olusanya J. O., Olusanya B. O., Omer M. O., Onwujekwe O. E., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S. S., Owolabi M. O., P A M., Padubidri J. R., Pana A., Peprah E. K., Pham H. Q., Pigott D. M., Pirestani M., Postma M. J., Pottoo F. H., Pourjafar H., Quazi Syed Z., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M. H. U., Rao S. J., Rao P. C., Rathi P., Rawaf S., Rawaf D. L., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Regassa L. D., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezaei N., Rezai M. S., Ribeiro A. I., Rickard J., Rios-Gonzalez C. M., Rumisha S. F., Sabour S., Sajadi S. M., Salomon J. A., Samadi Kafil H., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Sartorius B., Saxena D., Schaeffer L. E., Senthilkumaran S., Sha F., Shaheen A. A., Shaikh M. A., Sharma R., Sheikh A., Shibuya K., Shigematsu M., Il Shin J., Simonetti B., Singh J. A., Smith D. L., Soheili A., Sokhan A., Spurlock E. E., Sreeramareddy C. T., Sufiyan M. B., Swartz S. J., Tadesse D. B., Tamiru A. T., Tefera Y. G., Temsah M. -H., Tessema Z. T., Titova M. V., Tran B. X., Truong P. N., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Vasankari T. J., Vasseghian Y., Violante F. S., Vu G. T., Waheed Y., Wamai R. G., Wassie E. G., Welay F. T., Wickramasinghe N. D., Wiens K. E., Wijeratne T., Wiysonge C. S., Wondmeneh T. G., Yamada T., Yaya S., Yeshitila Y. G., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yu C., Yuce D., Yusefzadeh H., Zaidi Z., Zamanian M., Zangeneh A., Zhang Z. -J., Zhang Y., Ziapour A., Hay S. I., Reiner, R, Welgan, C, Troeger, C, Baumann, M, Weiss, D, Deshpande, A, Blacker, B, Miller-Petrie, M, Earl, L, Bhatt, S, Abolhassani, H, Abosetugn, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, O, Aghaali, M, Aji, B, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alhassan, R, Ali, S, Alizade, H, Aljunid, S, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Amini, S, Amugsi, D, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, C, Ansari, F, Anvari, D, Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Atout, M, Ausloos, M, Ausloos, F, Ayanore, M, Aynalem, Y, Azene, Z, Badawi, A, Baig, A, Banach, M, Bedi, N, Bhagavathula, A, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, Z, Bijani, A, Birhanu, T, Bitew, Z, Boloor, A, Brady, O, Butt, Z, Car, J, Carvalho, F, Casey, D, Chattu, V, Chowdhury, M, Chu, D, Coelho, C, Cook, A, Damiani, G, Daoud, F, Gela, J, Darwish, A, Daryani, A, Das, J, Davis Weaver, N, Deribe, K, Desalew, A, Dharmaratne, S, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Dorostkar, F, Dubljanin, E, Duko, B, Dwyer-Lindgren, L, Effiong, A, El Sayed Zaki, M, El Tantawi, M, Enany, S, Fattahi, N, Feigin, V, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Foroutan, M, Frostad, J, Fukumoto, T, Gaidhane, A, Gebrekrstos, H, Gebremeskel, L, Gebreslassie, A, Gething, P, Gezae, K, Ghadiri, K, Ghashghaee, A, Golechha, M, Gubari, M, Hadgu, F, Hamidi, S, Handiso, D, Hashi, A, Hassan, S, Hayat, K, Herteliu, C, Ho, H, Holla, R, Hosseinzadeh, M, Househ, M, Hussain, R, Hwang, B, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Irvani, S, Jaafari, J, Javaheri, T, Jha, R, Johnson, K, Jonas, J, Jozwiak, J, Kabir, A, Kalhor, R, Kanchan, T, Karch, A, Kayode, G, Keiyoro, P, Khader, Y, Khalil, I, Khan, M, Khan, G, Khatab, K, Khater, M, Khatib, M, Kianipour, N, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Kissoon, N, Kochhar, S, Koolivand, A, Kopec, J, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kumar, P, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, Lal, D, Lami, F, Landires, I, Lansingh, V, Lasrado, S, La Vecchia, C, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Lee, P, Legrand, K, Lewycka, S, Li, B, Lim, S, Lindstedt, P, Liu, X, Longbottom, J, Lopez, A, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Mahasha, P, Maleki, A, Mamun, A, Mansournia, M, Marczak, L, Martins-Melo, F, Mayala, B, Meharie, B, Melese, A, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, E, Mensah, G, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Miller, T, Mirrakhimov, E, Moazen, B, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Mohammadi, S, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Moradi, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Mosser, J, Murray, C, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, Q, Nguyen, H, Nnaji, C, Noubiap, J, Nunez-Samudio, V, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, J, Olusanya, B, Omer, M, Onwujekwe, O, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Owolabi, M, P A, M, Padubidri, J, Pana, A, Peprah, E, Pham, H, Pigott, D, Pirestani, M, Postma, M, Pottoo, F, Pourjafar, H, Quazi Syed, Z, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rao, S, Rao, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, D, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Regassa, L, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezai, M, Ribeiro, A, Rickard, J, Rios-Gonzalez, C, Rumisha, S, Sabour, S, Sajadi, S, Salomon, J, Samadi Kafil, H, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sartorius, B, Saxena, D, Schaeffer, L, Senthilkumaran, S, Sha, F, Shaheen, A, Shaikh, M, Sharma, R, Sheikh, A, Shibuya, K, Shigematsu, M, Il Shin, J, Simonetti, B, Singh, J, Smith, D, Soheili, A, Sokhan, A, Spurlock, E, Sreeramareddy, C, Sufiyan, M, Swartz, S, Tadesse, D, Tamiru, A, Tefera, Y, Temsah, M, Tessema, Z, Titova, M, Tran, B, Truong, P, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Vasankari, T, Vasseghian, Y, Violante, F, Vu, G, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Wassie, E, Welay, F, Wickramasinghe, N, Wiens, K, Wijeratne, T, Wiysonge, C, Wondmeneh, T, Yamada, T, Yaya, S, Yeshitila, Y, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yuce, D, Yusefzadeh, H, Zaidi, Z, Zamanian, M, Zangeneh, A, Zhang, Z, Zhang, Y, Ziapour, A, Hay, S, Reiner R. C., Welgan C. A., Troeger C. E., Baumann M. M., Weiss D. J., Deshpande A., Blacker B. F., Miller-Petrie M. K., Earl L., Bhatt S., Abolhassani H., Abosetugn A. E., Abu-Gharbieh E., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O. O., Aghaali M., Aji B., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Alhassan R. K., Ali S., Alizade H., Aljunid S. M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Al-Mekhlafi H. M., Altirkawi K. A., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A. T., Amini S., Amugsi D. A., Ancuceanu R., Andrei C. L., Ansari F., Anvari D., Appiah S. C. Y., Arabloo J., Aremu O., Atout M. M. W., Ausloos M., Ausloos F., Ayanore M. A., Aynalem Y. A., Azene Z. N., Badawi A., Baig A. A., Banach M., Bedi N., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhandari D., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhutta Z. A., Bijani A., Birhanu T. T. M., Bitew Z. W., Boloor A., Brady O. J., Butt Z. A., Car J., Carvalho F., Casey D. C., Chattu V. K., Chowdhury M. A. K., Chu D. -T., Coelho C. H., Cook A. J., Damiani G., Daoud F., Gela J. D., Darwish A. H., Daryani A., Das J. K., Davis Weaver N., Deribe K., Desalew A., Dharmaratne S. D., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Dorostkar F., Dubljanin E., Duko B., Dwyer-Lindgren L., Effiong A., El Sayed Zaki M., El Tantawi M., Enany S., Fattahi N., Feigin V. L., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Fischer F., Foigt N. A., Folayan M. O., Foroutan M., Frostad J. J., Fukumoto T., Gaidhane A. M., Gebrekrstos H. G. G. K., Gebremeskel L., Gebreslassie A. A., Gething P. W., Gezae K. E., Ghadiri K., Ghashghaee A., Golechha M., Gubari M. I. M., Hadgu F. B., Hamidi S., Handiso D. W., Hashi A., Hassan S., Hayat K., Herteliu C., Ho H. C., Holla R., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Hussain R., Hwang B. -F., Ibitoye S. E., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Irvani S. S. N., Jaafari J., Javaheri T., Jha R. P., Johnson K. B., Jonas J. B., Jozwiak J. J., Kabir A., Kalhor R., Kanchan T., Karch A., Kayode G. A., Keiyoro P. N., Khader Y. S., Khalil I. A., Khan M. N., Khan M., Khan G., Khatab K., Khater M. M., Khatib M. N., Kianipour N., Kim Y. J., Kimokoti R. W., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kissoon N., Kochhar S., Koolivand A., Kopec J. A., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Kumar P., Kurmi O. P., Kusuma D., Lal D. K., Lami F. H., Landires I., Lansingh V. C., Lasrado S., La Vecchia C., Lazzar-Atwood A., Lee P. H., LeGrand K. E., Lewycka S., Li B., Lim S. S., Lindstedt P. A., Liu X., Longbottom J., Lopez A. D., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Mahasha P. W., Maleki A., Mamun A. A., Mansournia M. A., Marczak L. B., Martins-Melo F. R., Mayala B. K., Meharie B. G., Melese A., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Mengesha E. W., Mensah G. A., Meretoja T. J., Mestrovic T., Miller T. R., Mirrakhimov E. M., Moazen B., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadi S., Mohammed S., Mokdad A. H., Moradi M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mosser J. F., Murray C. J. L., Naderi M., Nagarajan A. J., Nazari J., Ndejjo R., Negoi I., Ngunjiri J. W., Nguyen Q. A. P., Nguyen H. L. T., Nnaji C. A., Noubiap J. J., Nunez-Samudio V., Olagunju A. T., Olusanya J. O., Olusanya B. O., Omer M. O., Onwujekwe O. E., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S. S., Owolabi M. O., P A M., Padubidri J. R., Pana A., Peprah E. K., Pham H. Q., Pigott D. M., Pirestani M., Postma M. J., Pottoo F. H., Pourjafar H., Quazi Syed Z., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M. H. U., Rao S. J., Rao P. C., Rathi P., Rawaf S., Rawaf D. L., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Regassa L. D., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezaei N., Rezai M. S., Ribeiro A. I., Rickard J., Rios-Gonzalez C. M., Rumisha S. F., Sabour S., Sajadi S. M., Salomon J. A., Samadi Kafil H., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Sartorius B., Saxena D., Schaeffer L. E., Senthilkumaran S., Sha F., Shaheen A. A., Shaikh M. A., Sharma R., Sheikh A., Shibuya K., Shigematsu M., Il Shin J., Simonetti B., Singh J. A., Smith D. L., Soheili A., Sokhan A., Spurlock E. E., Sreeramareddy C. T., Sufiyan M. B., Swartz S. J., Tadesse D. B., Tamiru A. T., Tefera Y. G., Temsah M. -H., Tessema Z. T., Titova M. V., Tran B. X., Truong P. N., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Vasankari T. J., Vasseghian Y., Violante F. S., Vu G. T., Waheed Y., Wamai R. G., Wassie E. G., Welay F. T., Wickramasinghe N. D., Wiens K. E., Wijeratne T., Wiysonge C. S., Wondmeneh T. G., Yamada T., Yaya S., Yeshitila Y. G., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yu C., Yuce D., Yusefzadeh H., Zaidi Z., Zamanian M., Zangeneh A., Zhang Z. -J., Zhang Y., Ziapour A., and Hay S. I.
- Abstract
Despite substantial declines since 2000, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), diarrhoeal diseases, and malaria remain among the leading causes of nonfatal and fatal disease burden for children under 5 years of age (under 5), primarily in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The spatial burden of each of these diseases has been estimated subnationally across SSA, yet no prior analyses have examined the pattern of their combined burden. Here we synthesise subnational estimates of the burden of LRIs, diarrhoea, and malaria in children under-5 from 2000 to 2017 for 43 sub-Saharan countries. Some units faced a relatively equal burden from each of the three diseases, while others had one or two dominant sources of unit-level burden, with no consistent pattern geographically across the entire subcontinent. Using a subnational counterfactual analysis, we show that nearly 300 million DALYs could have been averted since 2000 by raising all units to their national average. Our findings are directly relevant for decision-makers in determining which and targeting where the most appropriate interventions are for increasing child survival.
- Published
- 2022
49. Global, regional, and national burden of hepatitis B, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
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Sheena, B, Hiebert, L, Han, H, Ippolito, H, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, Z, Abbastabar, H, Abdoli, A, Abubaker Ali, H, Adane, M, Adegboye, O, Adnani, Q, Advani, S, Afzal, M, Afzal, S, Aghaie Meybodi, M, Ahadinezhad, B, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, M, Rashid, T, Akalu, G, Aklilu, A, Akram, T, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alem, A, Alem, D, Alhalaiqa, F, Alhassan, R, Ali, L, Ali, M, Alimohamadi, Y, Alipour, V, Alkhayyat, M, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Altawalah, H, Amini, S, Amu, H, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, C, Andrei, T, Anoushiravani, A, Ansar, A, Anyasodor, A, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Argaw, A, Argaw, Z, Arshad, M, Artamonov, A, Ashraf, T, Atlaw, D, Ausloos, F, Ausloos, M, Azadnajafabad, S, Azangou-Khyavy, M, Azari Jafari, A, Azarian, G, Bagheri, S, Bahadory, S, Baig, A, Banach, M, Barati, N, Barrow, A, Batiha, A, Bejarano Ramirez, D, Belgaumi, U, Berhie, A, Bhagat, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, V, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Bodicha, B, Bojia, H, Boloor, A, Bosetti, C, Braithwaite, D, Briko, N, Butt, Z, Camera, L, Chakinala, R, Chakraborty, P, Charan, J, Chen, S, Choi, J, Choudhari, S, Chowdhury, F, Chu, D, Chung, S, Cortesi, P, Cowie, B, Culbreth, G, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, De La Hoz, F, Debela, S, Dedefo, M, Demeke, F, Demie, T, Demissie, G, Derbew Molla, M, Desta, A, Dhamnetiya, D, Dhimal, M, Didehdar, M, Doan, L, Dorostkar, F, Drake, T, Eghbalian, F, Ekholuenetale, M, El Sayed, I, El Sayed Zaki, M, Elhadi, M, Elmonem, M, Elsharkawy, A, Enany, S, Enyew, D, Erkhembayar, R, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Ezzikouri, S, Farrokhpour, H, Fetensa, G, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Gad, M, Gaidhane, A, Gaidhane, S, Galles, N, Gallus, S, Gebremeskel, T, Gebreyohannes, E, Ghadiri, K, Ghaffari, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, S, Ghashghaee, A, Gholami, A, Gholizadeh, A, Gilani, A, Goel, A, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Golinelli, D, Gorini, G, Goshu, Y, Griswold, M, Gubari, M, Gupta, B, Gupta, S, Gupta, 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S., Hiebert L., Han H., Ippolito H., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbasi-Kangevari Z., Abbastabar H., Abdoli A., Abubaker Ali H., Adane M. M., Adegboye O. A., Adnani Q. E. S., Advani S. M., Afzal M. S., Afzal S., Aghaie Meybodi M., Ahadinezhad B., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad S., Ahmad T., Ahmadi S., Ahmed H., Ahmed M. B., Rashid T. A., Akalu G. T., Aklilu A., Akram T., Al Hamad H., Alahdab F., Alem A., Alem D. T., Alhalaiqa F. A. N., Alhassan R. K., Ali L., Ali M. A., Alimohamadi Y., Alipour V., Alkhayyat M., Almustanyir S., Al-Raddadi R. M., Altawalah H., Amini S., Amu H., Ancuceanu R., Andrei C. L., Andrei T., Anoushiravani A., Ansar A., Anyasodor A. E., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Argaw A. M., Argaw Z. G., Arshad M., Artamonov A. A., Ashraf T., Atlaw D., Ausloos F., Ausloos M., Azadnajafabad S., Azangou-Khyavy M., Azari Jafari A., Azarian G., Bagheri S., Bahadory S., Baig A. A., Banach M., Barati N., Barrow A., Batiha A. -M. M., Bejarano Ramirez D. F., Belgaumi U. I., Berhie A. Y., Bhagat D. S., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhojaraja V. S., Bijani A., Biondi A., Bodicha B. B. A., Bojia H. A., Boloor A., Bosetti C., Braithwaite D., Briko N. I., Butt Z. A., Camera L. A., Chakinala R. C., Chakraborty P. A., Charan J., Chen S., Choi J. -Y. J., Choudhari S. G., Chowdhury F. R., Chu D. -T., Chung S. -C., Cortesi P. A., Cowie B. C., Culbreth G. T., Dadras O., Dai X., Dandona L., Dandona R., De La Hoz F. P., Debela S. A., Dedefo M. G., Demeke F. M., Demie T. G. G., Demissie G. D., Derbew Molla M., Desta A. A., Dhamnetiya D., Dhimal M. L., Dhimal M., Didehdar M., Doan L. P., Dorostkar F., Drake T. M., Eghbalian F., Ekholuenetale M., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., Elhadi M., Elmonem M. A., Elsharkawy A., Enany S., Enyew D. B., Erkhembayar R., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilzadeh F., Ezzikouri S., Farrokhpour H., Fetensa G., Fischer F., Foroutan M., Gad M. M., Gaidhane A. M., Gaidhane S., Galles N. C., Gallus S., Gebremeskel T. G., Gebreyohannes E. A., Ghadiri K., Ghaffari K., Ghafourifard M., Ghamari S. -H., Ghashghaee A., Gholami A., Gholizadeh A., Gilani A., Goel A., Golechha M., Goleij P., Golinelli D., Gorini G., Goshu Y. A., Griswold M. G., Gubari M. I. M., Gupta B., Gupta S., Gupta V. B., Gupta V. K., Haddadi R., Halwani R., Hamid S. S., Hamidi S., Hanif A., Haque S., Harapan H., Hargono A., Hariri S., Hasaballah A. I., Hasan S. M. M., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hay S. I., Hayat K., Heidari G., Herteliu C., Heyi D. Z., Hezam K., Holla R., Hosseini M. -S., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Househ M., Huang J., Hussein N. R., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S. E., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Irham L. M., Islam J. Y., Ismail N. E., Jacobsen K. H., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Javadi Mamaghani A., Jayaram S., Jayawardena R., Jebai R., Jha R. P., Joseph N., Joukar F., Kaambwa B., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kalhor R., Kandel H., Kanko T. K. T., Kantar R. S., Karaye I. M., Kassa B. G., Kemp Bohan P. M., Keykhaei M., Khader Y. S., Khajuria H., Khan G., Khan I. A., Khan J., Khan M. A., Khanali J., Khater A. M., Khatib M. N., Khodadost M., Khoja A. T., Khosravizadeh O., Khubchandani J., Kim G. R., Kim H., Kim M. S., Kim Y. J., Kocarnik J. M., Kolahi A. -A., Koteeswaran R., Kumar G. A., La Vecchia C., Lal D. K., Landires I., Lasrado S., Lazarus J. V., Ledda C., Lee D. W., Lee S. -W., Lee Y. Y., Levi M., Li J., Lim S. S., Lobo S. W., Lopukhov P. D., Loureiro J. A., MacLachlan J. H., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Majeed A., Makki A., Malekpour M. -R., Malekzadeh R., Malik A. A., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansournia M. A., Martins-Melo F. R., Matthews P. C., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Meretoja T. J., Mersha A. G., Mestrovic T., Miller T. R., Minh L. H. N., Mirica A., Mirmoeeni S., Mirrakhimov E. M., Misra S., Mithra P., Moazen B., Mohamadkhani A., Mohammadi M., Mohammed S., Moka N., Mokdad A. H., Moludi J., Momtazmanesh S., Monasta L., Moradi G., Moradzadeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mostafavi E., Mubarik S., Muniyandi M., Murray C. J. L., Naghavi M., Naimzada M. D., Narasimha Swamy S., Natto Z. S., Nayak B. P., Nazari J., Negoi I., Negru S. M., Nejadghaderi S. A., Neupane Kandel S., Nguyen H. L. T., Ngwa C. H., Niazi R. K., Nnaji C. A., Noubiap J. J., Nowroozi A., Nunez-Samudio V., Oancea B., Ochir C., Odukoya O. O., Oh I. -H., Olagunju A. T., Olakunde B. O., Omar Bali A., Omer E., Otstavnov S. S., Oumer B., Padubidri J. R., Pana A., Pandey A., Park E. -C., Pashazadeh Kan F., Patel U. K., Paudel U., Petcu I. -R., Piracha Z. Z., Pollok R. C. G., Postma M. J., Pourshams A., Poustchi H., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Rafiei A., Rafiei S., Raghuram P. M., Rahman M., Rahmani A. M., Rahmawaty S., Rajesh A., Ranasinghe P., Rao C. R., Rao S. J., Rashidi M., Rashidi M. -M., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Rawassizadeh R., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Rezazadeh-Khadem S., Rodriguez J. A. B., Rwegerera G. M., Sabour S., Saddik B., Saeb M. R., Saeed U., Sahebkar A., Saif-Ur-Rahman K. M., Salahi S., Salimzadeh H., Sampath C., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Sanmarchi F., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Seidu A. -A., Sepanlou S. G., Seylani A., Shahabi S., Shaikh M. A., Shaker E., Shakhmardanov M. Z., Shannawaz M., Shenoy S. M., Shetty J. K., Shetty P. H., Shibuya K., Shin J. I., Shobeiri P., Sibhat M. M., Singh A. D., Singh J. A., Singh S., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Sohrabpour A. A., Song S., Tabaeian S. P., Tadesse E. G., Taheri M., Tampa M., Tan K. -K., Tavakoli A., Tbakhi A., Tefera B. N., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tesfaw H. M., Thapar R., Thavamani A., Tohidast S. A., Tollosa D. N., Tosti M. E., Tovani-Palone M. R., Traini E., Tran M. T. N., Trihandini I., Tusa B. S., Ullah I., Vacante M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Valdez P. R., Varthya S. B., Vo B., Waheed Y., Weldesenbet A. B., Woldemariam M., Xu S., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yaseri M., Yeshaw Y., Yigit V., Yirdaw B. W., Yonemoto N., Yu C., Yunusa I., Zahir M., Zaki L., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zastrozhin M. S., Vos T., Ward J. W., Dirac M. A., Sheena, B, Hiebert, L, Han, H, Ippolito, H, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, Z, Abbastabar, H, Abdoli, A, Abubaker Ali, H, Adane, M, Adegboye, O, Adnani, Q, Advani, S, Afzal, M, Afzal, S, Aghaie Meybodi, M, Ahadinezhad, B, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, M, Rashid, T, Akalu, G, Aklilu, A, Akram, T, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alem, A, Alem, D, Alhalaiqa, F, Alhassan, R, Ali, L, Ali, M, Alimohamadi, Y, Alipour, V, Alkhayyat, M, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Altawalah, H, Amini, S, Amu, H, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, C, Andrei, T, Anoushiravani, A, Ansar, A, Anyasodor, A, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Argaw, A, Argaw, Z, Arshad, M, Artamonov, A, Ashraf, T, Atlaw, D, Ausloos, F, Ausloos, M, Azadnajafabad, S, Azangou-Khyavy, M, Azari Jafari, A, Azarian, G, Bagheri, S, Bahadory, S, Baig, A, Banach, M, Barati, N, Barrow, A, Batiha, A, Bejarano Ramirez, D, Belgaumi, U, Berhie, A, Bhagat, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, V, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Bodicha, B, Bojia, H, Boloor, A, Bosetti, C, Braithwaite, D, Briko, N, Butt, Z, Camera, L, Chakinala, R, Chakraborty, P, Charan, J, Chen, S, Choi, J, Choudhari, S, Chowdhury, F, Chu, D, Chung, S, Cortesi, P, Cowie, B, Culbreth, G, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, De La Hoz, F, Debela, S, Dedefo, M, Demeke, F, Demie, T, Demissie, G, Derbew Molla, M, Desta, A, Dhamnetiya, D, Dhimal, M, Didehdar, M, Doan, L, Dorostkar, F, Drake, T, Eghbalian, F, Ekholuenetale, M, El Sayed, I, El Sayed Zaki, M, Elhadi, M, Elmonem, M, Elsharkawy, A, Enany, S, Enyew, D, Erkhembayar, R, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Ezzikouri, S, Farrokhpour, H, Fetensa, G, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Gad, M, Gaidhane, A, Gaidhane, S, Galles, N, Gallus, S, Gebremeskel, T, Gebreyohannes, E, Ghadiri, K, Ghaffari, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, S, Ghashghaee, A, Gholami, A, Gholizadeh, A, Gilani, A, Goel, A, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Golinelli, D, Gorini, G, Goshu, Y, Griswold, M, Gubari, M, Gupta, B, Gupta, S, Gupta, V, Haddadi, R, Halwani, R, Hamid, S, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Haque, S, Harapan, H, Hargono, A, Hariri, S, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, S, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Heyi, D, Hezam, K, Holla, R, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Househ, M, Huang, J, Hussein, N, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Irham, L, Islam, J, Ismail, N, Jacobsen, K, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Javadi Mamaghani, A, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jebai, R, Jha, R, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalhor, R, Kandel, H, Kanko, T, Kantar, R, Karaye, I, Kassa, B, Kemp Bohan, P, Keykhaei, M, Khader, Y, Khajuria, H, Khan, G, Khan, I, Khan, J, Khan, M, Khanali, J, Khater, A, Khatib, M, Khodadost, M, Khoja, A, Khosravizadeh, O, Khubchandani, J, Kim, G, Kim, H, Kim, M, Kim, Y, Kocarnik, J, Kolahi, A, Koteeswaran, R, Kumar, G, La Vecchia, C, Lal, D, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lazarus, J, Ledda, C, Lee, D, Lee, S, Lee, Y, Levi, M, Li, J, Lim, S, Lobo, S, Lopukhov, P, Loureiro, J, Maclachlan, J, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Malekpour, M, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, A, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansournia, M, Martins-Melo, F, Matthews, P, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Meretoja, T, Mersha, A, Mestrovic, T, Miller, T, Minh, L, Mirica, A, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirrakhimov, E, Misra, S, Mithra, P, Moazen, B, Mohamadkhani, A, Mohammadi, M, Mohammed, S, Moka, N, Mokdad, A, Moludi, J, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Moradi, G, Moradzadeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Mostafavi, E, Mubarik, S, Muniyandi, M, Murray, C, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, M, Narasimha Swamy, S, Natto, Z, Nayak, B, Nazari, J, Negoi, I, Negru, S, Nejadghaderi, S, Neupane Kandel, S, Nguyen, H, Ngwa, C, Niazi, R, Nnaji, C, Noubiap, J, Nowroozi, A, Nunez-Samudio, V, Oancea, B, Ochir, C, Odukoya, O, Oh, I, Olagunju, A, Olakunde, B, Omar Bali, A, Omer, E, Otstavnov, S, Oumer, B, Padubidri, J, Pana, A, Pandey, A, Park, E, Pashazadeh Kan, F, Patel, U, Paudel, U, Petcu, I, Piracha, Z, Pollok, R, Postma, M, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Rafiei, A, Rafiei, S, Raghuram, P, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Rahmawaty, S, Rajesh, A, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, C, Rao, S, Rashidi, M, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Rezazadeh-Khadem, S, Rodriguez, J, Rwegerera, G, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Saeb, M, Saeed, U, Sahebkar, A, Saif-Ur-Rahman, K, Salahi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Sampath, C, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sanmarchi, F, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Seidu, A, Sepanlou, S, Seylani, A, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, M, Shaker, E, Shakhmardanov, M, Shannawaz, M, Shenoy, S, Shetty, J, Shetty, P, Shibuya, K, Shin, J, Shobeiri, P, Sibhat, M, Singh, A, Singh, J, Singh, S, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Sohrabpour, A, Song, S, Tabaeian, S, Tadesse, E, Taheri, M, Tampa, M, Tan, K, Tavakoli, A, Tbakhi, A, Tefera, B, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tesfaw, H, Thapar, R, Thavamani, A, Tohidast, S, Tollosa, D, Tosti, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tran, M, Trihandini, I, Tusa, B, Ullah, I, Vacante, M, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Varthya, S, Vo, B, Waheed, Y, Weldesenbet, A, Woldemariam, M, Xu, S, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yaseri, M, Yeshaw, Y, Yigit, V, Yirdaw, B, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zahir, M, Zaki, L, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, M, Vos, T, Ward, J, Dirac, M, Sheena B. S., Hiebert L., Han H., Ippolito H., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbasi-Kangevari Z., Abbastabar H., Abdoli A., Abubaker Ali H., Adane M. M., Adegboye O. A., Adnani Q. E. S., Advani S. M., Afzal M. S., Afzal S., Aghaie Meybodi M., Ahadinezhad B., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad S., Ahmad T., Ahmadi S., Ahmed H., Ahmed M. B., Rashid T. A., Akalu G. T., Aklilu A., Akram T., Al Hamad H., Alahdab F., Alem A., Alem D. T., Alhalaiqa F. A. N., Alhassan R. K., Ali L., Ali M. A., Alimohamadi Y., Alipour V., Alkhayyat M., Almustanyir S., Al-Raddadi R. M., Altawalah H., Amini S., Amu H., Ancuceanu R., Andrei C. L., Andrei T., Anoushiravani A., Ansar A., Anyasodor A. E., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Argaw A. M., Argaw Z. G., Arshad M., Artamonov A. A., Ashraf T., Atlaw D., Ausloos F., Ausloos M., Azadnajafabad S., Azangou-Khyavy M., Azari Jafari A., Azarian G., Bagheri S., Bahadory S., Baig A. A., Banach M., Barati N., Barrow A., Batiha A. -M. M., Bejarano Ramirez D. F., Belgaumi U. I., Berhie A. Y., Bhagat D. S., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhojaraja V. S., Bijani A., Biondi A., Bodicha B. B. A., Bojia H. A., Boloor A., Bosetti C., Braithwaite D., Briko N. I., Butt Z. A., Camera L. A., Chakinala R. C., Chakraborty P. A., Charan J., Chen S., Choi J. -Y. J., Choudhari S. G., Chowdhury F. R., Chu D. -T., Chung S. -C., Cortesi P. A., Cowie B. C., Culbreth G. T., Dadras O., Dai X., Dandona L., Dandona R., De La Hoz F. P., Debela S. A., Dedefo M. G., Demeke F. M., Demie T. G. G., Demissie G. D., Derbew Molla M., Desta A. A., Dhamnetiya D., Dhimal M. L., Dhimal M., Didehdar M., Doan L. P., Dorostkar F., Drake T. M., Eghbalian F., Ekholuenetale M., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., Elhadi M., Elmonem M. A., Elsharkawy A., Enany S., Enyew D. B., Erkhembayar R., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilzadeh F., Ezzikouri S., Farrokhpour H., Fetensa G., Fischer F., Foroutan M., Gad M. M., Gaidhane A. M., Gaidhane S., Galles N. C., Gallus S., Gebremeskel T. G., Gebreyohannes E. A., Ghadiri K., Ghaffari K., Ghafourifard M., Ghamari S. -H., Ghashghaee A., Gholami A., Gholizadeh A., Gilani A., Goel A., Golechha M., Goleij P., Golinelli D., Gorini G., Goshu Y. A., Griswold M. G., Gubari M. I. M., Gupta B., Gupta S., Gupta V. B., Gupta V. K., Haddadi R., Halwani R., Hamid S. S., Hamidi S., Hanif A., Haque S., Harapan H., Hargono A., Hariri S., Hasaballah A. I., Hasan S. M. M., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hay S. I., Hayat K., Heidari G., Herteliu C., Heyi D. Z., Hezam K., Holla R., Hosseini M. -S., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Househ M., Huang J., Hussein N. R., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S. E., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Irham L. M., Islam J. Y., Ismail N. E., Jacobsen K. H., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Javadi Mamaghani A., Jayaram S., Jayawardena R., Jebai R., Jha R. P., Joseph N., Joukar F., Kaambwa B., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kalhor R., Kandel H., Kanko T. K. T., Kantar R. S., Karaye I. M., Kassa B. G., Kemp Bohan P. M., Keykhaei M., Khader Y. S., Khajuria H., Khan G., Khan I. A., Khan J., Khan M. A., Khanali J., Khater A. M., Khatib M. N., Khodadost M., Khoja A. T., Khosravizadeh O., Khubchandani J., Kim G. R., Kim H., Kim M. S., Kim Y. J., Kocarnik J. M., Kolahi A. -A., Koteeswaran R., Kumar G. A., La Vecchia C., Lal D. K., Landires I., Lasrado S., Lazarus J. V., Ledda C., Lee D. W., Lee S. -W., Lee Y. Y., Levi M., Li J., Lim S. S., Lobo S. W., Lopukhov P. D., Loureiro J. A., MacLachlan J. H., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Majeed A., Makki A., Malekpour M. -R., Malekzadeh R., Malik A. A., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansournia M. A., Martins-Melo F. R., Matthews P. C., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Meretoja T. J., Mersha A. G., Mestrovic T., Miller T. R., Minh L. H. N., Mirica A., Mirmoeeni S., Mirrakhimov E. M., Misra S., Mithra P., Moazen B., Mohamadkhani A., Mohammadi M., Mohammed S., Moka N., Mokdad A. H., Moludi J., Momtazmanesh S., Monasta L., Moradi G., Moradzadeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mostafavi E., Mubarik S., Muniyandi M., Murray C. J. L., Naghavi M., Naimzada M. D., Narasimha Swamy S., Natto Z. S., Nayak B. P., Nazari J., Negoi I., Negru S. M., Nejadghaderi S. A., Neupane Kandel S., Nguyen H. L. T., Ngwa C. H., Niazi R. K., Nnaji C. A., Noubiap J. J., Nowroozi A., Nunez-Samudio V., Oancea B., Ochir C., Odukoya O. O., Oh I. -H., Olagunju A. T., Olakunde B. O., Omar Bali A., Omer E., Otstavnov S. S., Oumer B., Padubidri J. R., Pana A., Pandey A., Park E. -C., Pashazadeh Kan F., Patel U. K., Paudel U., Petcu I. -R., Piracha Z. Z., Pollok R. C. G., Postma M. J., Pourshams A., Poustchi H., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Rafiei A., Rafiei S., Raghuram P. M., Rahman M., Rahmani A. M., Rahmawaty S., Rajesh A., Ranasinghe P., Rao C. R., Rao S. J., Rashidi M., Rashidi M. -M., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Rawassizadeh R., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Rezazadeh-Khadem S., Rodriguez J. A. B., Rwegerera G. M., Sabour S., Saddik B., Saeb M. R., Saeed U., Sahebkar A., Saif-Ur-Rahman K. M., Salahi S., Salimzadeh H., Sampath C., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Sanmarchi F., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Seidu A. -A., Sepanlou S. G., Seylani A., Shahabi S., Shaikh M. A., Shaker E., Shakhmardanov M. Z., Shannawaz M., Shenoy S. M., Shetty J. K., Shetty P. H., Shibuya K., Shin J. I., Shobeiri P., Sibhat M. M., Singh A. D., Singh J. A., Singh S., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Sohrabpour A. A., Song S., Tabaeian S. P., Tadesse E. G., Taheri M., Tampa M., Tan K. -K., Tavakoli A., Tbakhi A., Tefera B. N., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tesfaw H. M., Thapar R., Thavamani A., Tohidast S. A., Tollosa D. N., Tosti M. E., Tovani-Palone M. R., Traini E., Tran M. T. N., Trihandini I., Tusa B. S., Ullah I., Vacante M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Valdez P. R., Varthya S. B., Vo B., Waheed Y., Weldesenbet A. B., Woldemariam M., Xu S., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yaseri M., Yeshaw Y., Yigit V., Yirdaw B. W., Yonemoto N., Yu C., Yunusa I., Zahir M., Zaki L., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zastrozhin M. S., Vos T., Ward J. W., and Dirac M. A.
- Abstract
Background: Combating viral hepatitis is part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and WHO has put forth hepatitis B elimination targets in its Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis (WHO-GHSS) and Interim Guidance for Country Validation of Viral Hepatitis Elimination (WHO Interim Guidance). We estimated the global, regional, and national prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to HBV, as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. This included estimates for 194 WHO member states, for which we compared our estimates to WHO elimination targets. Methods: The primary data sources were population-based serosurveys, claims and hospital discharges, cancer registries, vital registration systems, and published case series. We estimated chronic HBV infection and the burden of HBV-related diseases, defined as an aggregate of cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, liver cancer due to hepatitis B, and acute hepatitis B. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian mixed-effects meta-regression tool, to estimate the prevalence of chronic HBV infection, cirrhosis, and aetiological proportions of cirrhosis. We used mortality-to-incidence ratios modelled with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression to estimate the incidence of liver cancer. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling (CODEm) model, a tool that selects models and covariates on the basis of out-of-sample performance, to estimate mortality due to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and acute hepatitis B. Findings: In 2019, the estimated global, all-age prevalence of chronic HBV infection was 4·1% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·7 to 4·5), corresponding to 316 million (284 to 351) infected people. There was a 31·3% (29·0 to 33·9) decline in all-age prevalence between 1990 and 2019, with a more marked decline of 76·8% (76·2 to 77·5) in prevalence in children younger than 5 years. HBV-related diseases resulted in 555 0
- Published
- 2022
50. Age–sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990–2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
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H., Vongpradith A., Sirota S. B., Novotney A., Troeger C. E., Doxey M. C., Bender R. G., Ledesma J. R., Biehl M. H., Albertson S. B., Frostad J. J., Burkart K., Bennitt F. B., Zhao J. T., Gardner W. M., Hagins H., Bryazka D., Dominguez R. -M. V., Abate S. M., Abdelmasseh M., Abdoli A., Abdoli G., Abedi A., Abedi V., Abegaz T. M., Abidi H., Aboagye R. G., Abolhassani H., Abtew Y. D., Abubaker Ali H., Abu-Gharbieh E., Abu-Zaid A., Adamu K., Addo I. Y., Adegboye O. A., Adnan M., Adnani Q. E. S., Afzal M. S., Afzal S., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad A., Ahmad A. R., Ahmad S., Ahmadi A., Ahmadi S., Ahmed H., Ahmed J. Q., Ahmed Rashid T., Akbarzadeh-Khiavi M., Al Hamad H., Albano L., Aldeyab M. A., Alemu B. M., Alene K. A., Algammal A. M., Alhalaiqa F. A. N., Alhassan R. K., Ali B. A., Ali L., Ali M. M., Ali S. S., Alimohamadi Y., Alipour V., Al-Jumaily A., Aljunid S. M., Almustanyir S., Al-Raddadi R. M., Al-Rifai R. H. H., AlRyalat S. A. S., Alvis-Guzman N., Alvis-Zakzuk N. J., Ameyaw E. 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D., Getachew M., Getie A., Ghamari S. -H., Ghasemi Nour M., Ghashghaee A., Gholamrezanezhad A., Gholizadeh A., Ghosh R., Ghozy S., Goleij P., Golitaleb M., Gorini G., Goulart A. C., Goyomsa G. G., Guadie H. A., Gudisa Z., Guled R. A., Gupta S., Gupta V. B., Gupta V. K., Guta A., Habibzadeh P., Haj-Mirzaian A., Halwani R., Hamidi S., Hannan M. A., Harorani M., Hasaballah A. I., Hasani H., Hassan A. M., Hassani S., Hassanian-Moghaddam H., Hassankhani H., Hayat K., Heibati B., Heidari M., Heyi D. Z., Hezam K., Holla R., Hong S. H., Horita N., Hosseini M. -S., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Househ M., Hoveidamanesh S., Huang J., Hussein N. R., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S. E., Ikuta K. S., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Immurana M., Ismail N. E., Iwagami M., Jaafari J., Jamshidi E., Jang S. -I., Javadi Mamaghani A., Javaheri T., Javanmardi F., Javidnia J., Jayapal S. K., Jayarajah U., Jayaram S., Jema A. T., Jeong W., Jonas J. B., Joseph N., Joukar F., Jozwiak J. 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J., Mehrabi Nasab E., Melese A., Memish Z. A., Mendoza-Cano O., Mentis A. -F. A., Meretoja T. J., Merid M. W., Mestrovic T., Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sa A. C., Mijena G. F. W., Minh L. H. N., Mir S. A., Mirfakhraie R., Mirmoeeni S., Mirza A. Z., Mirza M., Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M., Misganaw A. S., Misganaw A. T., Mohammadi E., Mohammadi M., Mohammed A., Mohammed S., Mohan S., Mohseni M., Moka N., Mokdad A. H., Momtazmanesh S., Monasta L., Moniruzzaman M., Montazeri F., Moore C. E., Moradi A., Morawska L., Mosser J. F., Mostafavi E., Motaghinejad M., Mousavi Isfahani H., Mousavi-Aghdas S. A., Mubarik S., Murillo-Zamora E., Mustafa G., Nair S., Nair T. S., Najafi H., Naqvi A. A., Narasimha Swamy S., Natto Z. S., Nayak B. P., Nejadghaderi S. A., Nguyen H. V. N., Niazi R. K., Nogueira de Sa A. T., Nouraei H., Nowroozi A., Nunez-Samudio V., Nzoputam C. I., Nzoputam O. J., Oancea B., Ochir C., Odukoya O. O., Okati-Aliabad H., Okekunle A. P., Okonji O. C., Olagunju A. T., Olufadewa I. I., Omar Bali A., Omer E., Oren E., Ota E., Otstavnov N., Oulhaj A., P A M., Padubidri J. R., Pakshir K., Pakzad R., Palicz T., Pandey A., Pant S., Pardhan S., Park E. -C., Park E. -K., Pashazadeh Kan F., Paudel R., Pawar S., Peng M., Pereira G., Perna S., Perumalsamy N., Petcu I. -R., Pigott D. M., Piracha Z. Z., Podder V., Polibin R. V., Postma M. J., Pourasghari H., Pourtaheri N., Qadir M. M. F., Raad M., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Raeghi S., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi M., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman A., Rahman M. O., Rahman M., Rahman M. A., Rahmani A. M., Rahmanian V., Ram P., Ramezanzadeh K., Rana J., Ranasinghe P., Rani U., Rao S. J., Rashedi S., Rashidi M. -M., Rasul A., Ratan Z. A., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Rawassizadeh R., Razeghinia M. S., Redwan E. M. M., Reitsma M. B., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezaeian M., Riad A., Rikhtegar R., Rodriguez J. A. B., Rogowski E. L. B., Ronfani L., Rudd K. E., Saddik B., Sadeghi E., Saeed U., Safary A., Safi S. Z., Sahebazzamani M., Sahebkar A., Sakhamuri S., Salehi S., Salman M., Samadi Kafil H., Samy A. M., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sao Jose B. P., Sarkhosh M., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Saya G. K., Seidu A. -A., Seylani A., Shaheen A. A., Shaikh M. A., Shaker E., Shamshad H., Sharew M. M., Sharhani A., Sharifi A., Sharma P., Sheidaei A., Shenoy S. M., Shetty J. K., Shiferaw D. S., Shigematsu M., Shin J. I., Shirzad-Aski H., Shivakumar K. M., Shivalli S., Shobeiri P., Simegn W., Simpson C. R., Singh H., Singh J. A., Singh P., Siwal S. S., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Soltani-Zangbar M. S., Song S., Song Y., Sood P., Sreeramareddy C. T., Steiropoulos P., Suleman M., Tabatabaeizadeh S. -A., Tahamtan A., Taheri M., Taheri Soodejani M., Taki E., Talaat I. M., Tampa M., Tandukar S., Tat N. Y., Tat V. Y., Tefera Y. M., Temesgen G., Temsah M. -H., Tesfaye A., Tesfaye D. G., Tessema B., Thapar R., Ticoalu J. H. V., Tiyuri A., Tleyjeh I. I., Togtmol M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Tufa D. G., Ullah I., Upadhyay E., Valadan Tahbaz S., Valdez P. R., Valizadeh R., Vardavas C., Vasankari T. J., Vo B., Vu L. G., Wagaye B., Waheed Y., Wang Y., Waris A., West T. E., Wickramasinghe N. D., Xu X., Yaghoubi S., Yahya G. A. T., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yon D. K., Yonemoto N., Zaman B. A., Zandifar A., Zangiabadian M., Zar H. J., Zare I., Zareshahrabadi Z., Zarrintan A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zeng W., Zhang M., Zhang Z. -J., Zhong C., Zoladl M., Zumla A., Lim S. S., Vos T., Naghavi M., Brauer M., Hay S. I., Murray C. J. L., Kyu, H, Vongpradith, A, Sirota, S, Novotney, A, Troeger, C, Doxey, M, Bender, R, Ledesma, J, Biehl, M, Albertson, S, Frostad, J, Burkart, K, Bennitt, F, Zhao, J, Gardner, W, Hagins, H, Bryazka, D, Dominguez, R, Abate, S, Abdelmasseh, M, Abdoli, A, Abdoli, G, Abedi, A, Abedi, V, Abegaz, T, Abidi, H, Aboagye, R, Abolhassani, H, Abtew, Y, Abubaker Ali, H, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abu-Zaid, A, Adamu, K, Addo, I, Adegboye, O, Adnan, M, Adnani, Q, Afzal, M, Afzal, S, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, J, Ahmed Rashid, T, Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, M, Al Hamad, H, Albano, L, Aldeyab, M, Alemu, B, Alene, K, Algammal, A, Alhalaiqa, F, Alhassan, R, Ali, B, Ali, L, Ali, M, Ali, S, Alimohamadi, Y, Alipour, V, Al-Jumaily, A, Aljunid, S, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Al-Rifai, R, Alryalat, S, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, N, Ameyaw, E, Aminian Dehkordi, J, Amuasi, J, Amugsi, D, Anbesu, E, Ansar, A, Anyasodor, A, Arabloo, J, Areda, D, Argaw, A, Argaw, Z, Arulappan, J, Aruleba, R, Asemahagn, M, Athari, S, Atlaw, D, Attia, E, Attia, S, Aujayeb, A, Awoke, T, Ayana, T, Ayanore, M, Azadnajafabad, S, Azangou-Khyavy, M, Azari, S, Azari Jafari, A, Badar, M, Badiye, A, Baghcheghi, N, Bagherieh, S, Baig, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, I, Bardhan, M, Barone-Adesi, F, Barqawi, H, Barrow, A, Bashiri, A, Bassat, Q, Batiha, A, Belachew, A, Belete, M, Belgaumi, U, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhatt, P, Bhojaraja, V, Bhutta, Z, Bhuyan, S, Bijani, A, Bitaraf, S, Bodicha, B, Briko, N, Buonsenso, D, Butt, M, Cai, J, Camargos, P, Camera, L, Chakraborty, P, Chanie, M, Charan, J, Chattu, V, Ching, P, Choi, S, Chong, Y, Choudhari, S, Chowdhury, E, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Cobb, N, Cohen, A, Cruz-Martins, N, Dadras, O, Dagnaw, F, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dao, A, Debela, S, Demisse, B, Demisse, F, Demissie, S, Dereje, D, Desai, H, Desta, A, Desye, B, Dhingra, S, Diao, N, Diaz, D, Digesa, L, Doan, L, Dodangeh, M, Dongarwar, D, Dorostkar, F, dos Santos, W, Dsouza, H, Dubljanin, E, Durojaiye, O, Edinur, H, Ehsani-Chimeh, E, Eini, E, Ekholuenetale, M, Ekundayo, T, El Desouky, E, El Sayed, I, El Sayed Zaki, M, Elhadi, M, Elkhapery, A, Emami, A, Engelbert Bain, L, Erkhembayar, R, Etaee, F, Ezati Asar, M, Fagbamigbe, A, Falahi, S, Fallahzadeh, A, Faraj, A, Faraon, E, Fatehizadeh, A, Ferrara, P, Ferrari, A, Fetensa, G, Fischer, F, Flavel, J, Foroutan, M, Gaal, P, Gaidhane, A, Gaihre, S, Galehdar, N, Garcia-Basteiro, A, Garg, T, Gebrehiwot, M, Gebremichael, M, Gela, Y, Gemeda, B, Gessner, B, Getachew, M, Getie, A, Ghamari, S, Ghasemi Nour, M, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamrezanezhad, A, Gholizadeh, A, Ghosh, R, Ghozy, S, Goleij, P, Golitaleb, M, Gorini, G, Goulart, A, Goyomsa, G, Guadie, H, Gudisa, Z, Guled, R, Gupta, S, Gupta, V, Guta, A, Habibzadeh, P, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Halwani, R, Hamidi, S, Hannan, M, Harorani, M, Hasaballah, A, Hasani, H, Hassan, A, Hassani, S, Hassanian-Moghaddam, H, Hassankhani, H, Hayat, K, Heibati, B, Heidari, M, Heyi, D, Hezam, K, Holla, R, Hong, S, Horita, N, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Househ, M, Hoveidamanesh, S, Huang, J, Hussein, N, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, S, Ikuta, K, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Immurana, M, Ismail, N, Iwagami, M, Jaafari, J, Jamshidi, E, Jang, S, Javadi Mamaghani, A, Javaheri, T, Javanmardi, F, Javidnia, J, Jayapal, S, Jayarajah, U, Jayaram, S, Jema, A, Jeong, W, Jonas, J, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, K, V, Kabir, Z, Kacimi, S, Kadashetti, V, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kamble, B, Kandel, H, Kanko, T, Karaye, I, Karch, A, Karkhah, S, Kassa, B, Katoto, P, Kaur, H, Kaur, R, Keikavoosi-Arani, L, Keykhaei, M, Khader, Y, Khajuria, H, Khan, E, Khan, G, Khan, I, Khan, M, Khan, Y, Khatatbeh, M, Khosravifar, M, Khubchandani, J, Kim, M, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kissoon, N, Knibbs, L, Kochhar, S, Kompani, F, Koohestani, H, Korshunov, V, Kosen, S, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kuate Defo, B, Kumar, G, Kurmi, O, Kuttikkattu, A, Lal, D, Lam, J, Landires, I, Ledda, C, Lee, S, Levi, M, Lewycka, S, Liu, G, Liu, W, Lodha, R, Lorenzovici, L, Lotfi, M, Loureiro, J, Madadizadeh, F, Mahmoodpoor, A, Mahmoudi, R, Mahmoudimanesh, M, Majidpoor, J, Makki, A, Malakan Rad, E, Malik, A, Mallhi, T, Manla, Y, Matei, C, Mathioudakis, A, Maude, R, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Melese, A, Memish, Z, Mendoza-Cano, O, Mentis, A, Meretoja, T, Merid, M, Mestrovic, T, Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sa, A, Mijena, G, Minh, L, Mir, S, Mirfakhraie, R, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirza, A, Mirza, M, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, M, Misganaw, A, Mohammadi, E, Mohammadi, M, Mohammed, A, Mohammed, S, Mohan, S, Mohseni, M, Moka, N, Mokdad, A, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Moniruzzaman, M, Montazeri, F, Moore, C, Moradi, A, Morawska, L, Mosser, J, Mostafavi, E, Motaghinejad, M, Mousavi Isfahani, H, Mousavi-Aghdas, S, Mubarik, S, Murillo-Zamora, E, Mustafa, G, Nair, S, Nair, T, Najafi, H, Naqvi, A, Narasimha Swamy, S, Natto, Z, Nayak, B, Nejadghaderi, S, Nguyen, H, Niazi, R, Nogueira de Sa, A, Nouraei, H, Nowroozi, A, Nunez-Samudio, V, Nzoputam, C, Nzoputam, O, Oancea, B, Ochir, C, Odukoya, O, Okati-Aliabad, H, Okekunle, A, Okonji, O, Olagunju, A, Olufadewa, I, Omar Bali, A, Omer, E, Oren, E, Ota, E, Otstavnov, N, Oulhaj, A, P A, M, Padubidri, J, Pakshir, K, Pakzad, R, Palicz, T, Pandey, A, Pant, S, Pardhan, S, Park, E, Pashazadeh Kan, F, Paudel, R, Pawar, S, Peng, M, Pereira, G, Perna, S, Perumalsamy, N, Petcu, I, Pigott, D, Piracha, Z, Podder, V, Polibin, R, Postma, M, Pourasghari, H, Pourtaheri, N, Qadir, M, Raad, M, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Raeghi, S, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi, M, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, A, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Rahmanian, V, Ram, P, Ramezanzadeh, K, Rana, J, Ranasinghe, P, Rani, U, Rao, S, Rashedi, S, Rashidi, M, Rasul, A, Ratan, Z, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Razeghinia, M, Redwan, E, Reitsma, M, Renzaho, A, Rezaeian, M, Riad, A, Rikhtegar, R, Rodriguez, J, Rogowski, E, Ronfani, L, Rudd, K, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Saeed, U, Safary, A, Safi, S, Sahebazzamani, M, Sahebkar, A, Sakhamuri, S, Salehi, S, Salman, M, Samadi Kafil, H, Samy, A, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sao Jose, B, Sarkhosh, M, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Saya, G, Seidu, A, Seylani, A, Shaheen, A, Shaikh, M, Shaker, E, Shamshad, H, Sharew, M, Sharhani, A, Sharifi, A, Sharma, P, Sheidaei, A, Shenoy, S, Shetty, J, Shiferaw, D, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Shirzad-Aski, H, Shivakumar, K, Shivalli, S, Shobeiri, P, Simegn, W, Simpson, C, Singh, H, Singh, J, Singh, P, Siwal, S, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Soltani-Zangbar, M, Song, S, Song, Y, Sood, P, Sreeramareddy, C, Steiropoulos, P, Suleman, M, Tabatabaeizadeh, S, Tahamtan, A, Taheri, M, Taheri Soodejani, M, Taki, E, Talaat, I, Tampa, M, Tandukar, S, Tat, N, Tat, V, Tefera, Y, Temesgen, G, Temsah, M, Tesfaye, A, Tesfaye, D, Tessema, B, Thapar, R, Ticoalu, J, Tiyuri, A, Tleyjeh, I, Togtmol, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Tufa, D, Ullah, I, Upadhyay, E, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Valizadeh, R, Vardavas, C, Vasankari, T, Vo, B, Vu, L, Wagaye, B, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Waris, A, West, T, Wickramasinghe, N, Xu, X, Yaghoubi, S, Yahya, G, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yon, D, Yonemoto, N, Zaman, B, Zandifar, A, Zangiabadian, M, Zar, H, Zare, I, Zareshahrabadi, Z, Zarrintan, A, Zastrozhin, M, Zeng, W, Zhang, M, Zhang, Z, Zhong, C, Zoladl, M, Zumla, A, Lim, S, Vos, T, Naghavi, M, Brauer, M, Hay, S, Murray, C, Kyu H. H., Vongpradith A., Sirota S. B., Novotney A., Troeger C. E., Doxey M. C., Bender R. G., Ledesma J. R., Biehl M. H., Albertson S. B., Frostad J. J., Burkart K., Bennitt F. B., Zhao J. T., Gardner W. M., Hagins H., Bryazka D., Dominguez R. -M. V., Abate S. M., Abdelmasseh M., Abdoli A., Abdoli G., Abedi A., Abedi V., Abegaz T. M., Abidi H., Aboagye R. G., Abolhassani H., Abtew Y. D., Abubaker Ali H., Abu-Gharbieh E., Abu-Zaid A., Adamu K., Addo I. Y., Adegboye O. A., Adnan M., Adnani Q. E. S., Afzal M. S., Afzal S., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad A., Ahmad A. R., Ahmad S., Ahmadi A., Ahmadi S., Ahmed H., Ahmed J. Q., Ahmed Rashid T., Akbarzadeh-Khiavi M., Al Hamad H., Albano L., Aldeyab M. A., Alemu B. M., Alene K. A., Algammal A. M., Alhalaiqa F. A. N., Alhassan R. K., Ali B. A., Ali L., Ali M. M., Ali S. S., Alimohamadi Y., Alipour V., Al-Jumaily A., Aljunid S. M., Almustanyir S., Al-Raddadi R. M., Al-Rifai R. H. H., AlRyalat S. A. S., Alvis-Guzman N., Alvis-Zakzuk N. J., Ameyaw E. K., Aminian Dehkordi J. J., Amuasi J. H., Amugsi D. A., Anbesu E. W., Ansar A., Anyasodor A. E., Arabloo J., Areda D., Argaw A. M., Argaw Z. G., Arulappan J., Aruleba R. T., Asemahagn M. A., Athari S. S., Atlaw D., Attia E. F., Attia S., Aujayeb A., Awoke T., Ayana T. M., Ayanore M. A., Azadnajafabad S., Azangou-Khyavy M., Azari S., Azari Jafari A., Badar M., Badiye A. D., Baghcheghi N., Bagherieh S., Baig A. A., Banach M., Banerjee I., Bardhan M., Barone-Adesi F., Barqawi H. J., Barrow A., Bashiri A., Bassat Q., Batiha A. -M. M., Belachew A. B., Belete M. A., Belgaumi U. I., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhatt P., Bhojaraja V. S., Bhutta Z. A., Bhuyan S. S., Bijani A., Bitaraf S., Bodicha B. B. A., Briko N. I., Buonsenso D., Butt M. H., Cai J., Camargos P., Camera L. A., Chakraborty P. A., Chanie M. G., Charan J., Chattu V. K., Ching P. R., Choi S., Chong Y. Y., Choudhari S. G., Chowdhury E. K., Christopher D. J., Chu D. -T., Cobb N. L., Cohen A. J., Cruz-Martins N., Dadras O., Dagnaw F. T., Dai X., Dandona L., Dandona R., Dao A. T. M., Debela S. A., Demisse B., Demisse F. W., Demissie S., Dereje D., Desai H. D., Desta A. A., Desye B., Dhingra S., Diao N., Diaz D., Digesa L. E., Doan L. P., Dodangeh M., Dongarwar D., Dorostkar F., dos Santos W. M., Dsouza H. L., Dubljanin E., Durojaiye O. C., Edinur H. A., Ehsani-Chimeh E., Eini E., Ekholuenetale M., Ekundayo T. C., El Desouky E. D., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., Elhadi M., Elkhapery A. M. R., Emami A., Engelbert Bain L., Erkhembayar R., Etaee F., Ezati Asar M., Fagbamigbe A. F., Falahi S., Fallahzadeh A., Faraj A., Faraon E. J. A., Fatehizadeh A., Ferrara P., Ferrari A. A., Fetensa G., Fischer F., Flavel J., Foroutan M., Gaal P. A., Gaidhane A. M., Gaihre S., Galehdar N., Garcia-Basteiro A. L., Garg T., Gebrehiwot M. D., Gebremichael M. A., Gela Y. Y., Gemeda B. N. B., Gessner B. D., Getachew M., Getie A., Ghamari S. -H., Ghasemi Nour M., Ghashghaee A., Gholamrezanezhad A., Gholizadeh A., Ghosh R., Ghozy S., Goleij P., Golitaleb M., Gorini G., Goulart A. C., Goyomsa G. G., Guadie H. A., Gudisa Z., Guled R. A., Gupta S., Gupta V. B., Gupta V. K., Guta A., Habibzadeh P., Haj-Mirzaian A., Halwani R., Hamidi S., Hannan M. A., Harorani M., Hasaballah A. I., Hasani H., Hassan A. M., Hassani S., Hassanian-Moghaddam H., Hassankhani H., Hayat K., Heibati B., Heidari M., Heyi D. Z., Hezam K., Holla R., Hong S. H., Horita N., Hosseini M. -S., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Househ M., Hoveidamanesh S., Huang J., Hussein N. R., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S. E., Ikuta K. S., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Immurana M., Ismail N. E., Iwagami M., Jaafari J., Jamshidi E., Jang S. -I., Javadi Mamaghani A., Javaheri T., Javanmardi F., Javidnia J., Jayapal S. K., Jayarajah U., Jayaram S., Jema A. T., Jeong W., Jonas J. B., Joseph N., Joukar F., Jozwiak J. J., K V., Kabir Z., Kacimi S. E. O., Kadashetti V., Kalankesh L. R., Kalhor R., Kamath A., Kamble B. D., Kandel H., Kanko T. K., Karaye I. M., Karch A., Karkhah S., Kassa B. G., Katoto P. D., Kaur H., Kaur R. J., Keikavoosi-Arani L., Keykhaei M., Khader Y. S., Khajuria H., Khan E. A., Khan G., Khan I. A., Khan M., Khan M. N., Khan M. A., Khan Y. H., Khatatbeh M. M., Khosravifar M., Khubchandani J., Kim M. S., Kimokoti R. W., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kissoon N., Knibbs L. D., Kochhar S., Kompani F., Koohestani H. R., Korshunov V. A., Kosen S., Koul P. A., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Kuate Defo B., Kumar G. A., Kurmi O. P., Kuttikkattu A., Lal D. K., Lam J., Landires I., Ledda C., Lee S. -W., Levi M., Lewycka S., Liu G., Liu W., Lodha R., Lorenzovici L., Lotfi M., Loureiro J. A., Madadizadeh F., Mahmoodpoor A., Mahmoudi R., Mahmoudimanesh M., Majidpoor J., Makki A., Malakan Rad E., Malik A. A., Mallhi T. H., Manla Y., Matei C. N., Mathioudakis A. G., Maude R. J., Mehrabi Nasab E., Melese A., Memish Z. A., Mendoza-Cano O., Mentis A. -F. A., Meretoja T. J., Merid M. W., Mestrovic T., Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sa A. C., Mijena G. F. W., Minh L. H. N., Mir S. A., Mirfakhraie R., Mirmoeeni S., Mirza A. Z., Mirza M., Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M., Misganaw A. S., Misganaw A. T., Mohammadi E., Mohammadi M., Mohammed A., Mohammed S., Mohan S., Mohseni M., Moka N., Mokdad A. H., Momtazmanesh S., Monasta L., Moniruzzaman M., Montazeri F., Moore C. E., Moradi A., Morawska L., Mosser J. F., Mostafavi E., Motaghinejad M., Mousavi Isfahani H., Mousavi-Aghdas S. A., Mubarik S., Murillo-Zamora E., Mustafa G., Nair S., Nair T. S., Najafi H., Naqvi A. A., Narasimha Swamy S., Natto Z. S., Nayak B. P., Nejadghaderi S. A., Nguyen H. V. N., Niazi R. K., Nogueira de Sa A. T., Nouraei H., Nowroozi A., Nunez-Samudio V., Nzoputam C. I., Nzoputam O. J., Oancea B., Ochir C., Odukoya O. O., Okati-Aliabad H., Okekunle A. P., Okonji O. C., Olagunju A. T., Olufadewa I. I., Omar Bali A., Omer E., Oren E., Ota E., Otstavnov N., Oulhaj A., P A M., Padubidri J. R., Pakshir K., Pakzad R., Palicz T., Pandey A., Pant S., Pardhan S., Park E. -C., Park E. -K., Pashazadeh Kan F., Paudel R., Pawar S., Peng M., Pereira G., Perna S., Perumalsamy N., Petcu I. -R., Pigott D. M., Piracha Z. Z., Podder V., Polibin R. V., Postma M. J., Pourasghari H., Pourtaheri N., Qadir M. M. F., Raad M., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Raeghi S., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi M., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman A., Rahman M. O., Rahman M., Rahman M. A., Rahmani A. M., Rahmanian V., Ram P., Ramezanzadeh K., Rana J., Ranasinghe P., Rani U., Rao S. J., Rashedi S., Rashidi M. -M., Rasul A., Ratan Z. A., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Rawassizadeh R., Razeghinia M. S., Redwan E. M. M., Reitsma M. B., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezaeian M., Riad A., Rikhtegar R., Rodriguez J. A. B., Rogowski E. L. B., Ronfani L., Rudd K. E., Saddik B., Sadeghi E., Saeed U., Safary A., Safi S. Z., Sahebazzamani M., Sahebkar A., Sakhamuri S., Salehi S., Salman M., Samadi Kafil H., Samy A. M., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sao Jose B. P., Sarkhosh M., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Saya G. K., Seidu A. -A., Seylani A., Shaheen A. A., Shaikh M. A., Shaker E., Shamshad H., Sharew M. M., Sharhani A., Sharifi A., Sharma P., Sheidaei A., Shenoy S. M., Shetty J. K., Shiferaw D. S., Shigematsu M., Shin J. I., Shirzad-Aski H., Shivakumar K. M., Shivalli S., Shobeiri P., Simegn W., Simpson C. R., Singh H., Singh J. A., Singh P., Siwal S. S., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Soltani-Zangbar M. S., Song S., Song Y., Sood P., Sreeramareddy C. T., Steiropoulos P., Suleman M., Tabatabaeizadeh S. -A., Tahamtan A., Taheri M., Taheri Soodejani M., Taki E., Talaat I. M., Tampa M., Tandukar S., Tat N. Y., Tat V. Y., Tefera Y. M., Temesgen G., Temsah M. -H., Tesfaye A., Tesfaye D. G., Tessema B., Thapar R., Ticoalu J. H. V., Tiyuri A., Tleyjeh I. I., Togtmol M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Tufa D. G., Ullah I., Upadhyay E., Valadan Tahbaz S., Valdez P. R., Valizadeh R., Vardavas C., Vasankari T. J., Vo B., Vu L. G., Wagaye B., Waheed Y., Wang Y., Waris A., West T. E., Wickramasinghe N. D., Xu X., Yaghoubi S., Yahya G. A. T., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yon D. K., Yonemoto N., Zaman B. A., Zandifar A., Zangiabadian M., Zar H. J., Zare I., Zareshahrabadi Z., Zarrintan A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zeng W., Zhang M., Zhang Z. -J., Zhong C., Zoladl M., Zumla A., Lim S. S., Vos T., Naghavi M., Brauer M., Hay S. I., and Murray C. J. L.
- Abstract
Background: The global burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and corresponding risk factors in children older than 5 years and adults has not been studied as comprehensively as it has been in children younger than 5 years. We assessed the burden and trends of LRIs and risk factors across all age groups by sex, for 204 countries and territories. Methods: In this analysis of data for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we used clinician-diagnosed pneumonia or bronchiolitis as our case definition for LRIs. We included International Classification of Diseases 9th edition codes 079.6, 466–469, 470.0, 480–482.8, 483.0–483.9, 484.1–484.2, 484.6–484.7, and 487–489 and International Classification of Diseases 10th edition codes A48.1, A70, B97.4–B97.6, J09–J15.8, J16–J16.9, J20–J21.9, J91.0, P23.0–P23.4, and U04–U04.9. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling strategy to analyse 23 109 site-years of vital registration data, 825 site-years of sample vital registration data, 1766 site-years of verbal autopsy data, and 681 site-years of mortality surveillance data. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, to analyse age–sex-specific incidence and prevalence data identified via systematic reviews of the literature, population-based survey data, and claims and inpatient data. Additionally, we estimated age–sex-specific LRI mortality that is attributable to the independent effects of 14 risk factors. Findings: Globally, in 2019, we estimated that there were 257 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 240–275) LRI incident episodes in males and 232 million (217–248) in females. In the same year, LRIs accounted for 1·30 million (95% UI 1·18–1·42) male deaths and 1·20 million (1·07–1·33) female deaths. Age-standardised incidence and mortality rates were 1·17 times (95% UI 1·16–1·18) and 1·31 times (95% UI 1·23–1·41) greater in males than in females in 2019. Between 1990 and 2019, LRI incidence and mortality rates decl
- Published
- 2022
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