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Background The lack of menstrual hygiene management (MHM) information and facilities in schools is a major contributor to adolescent girls’ school absenteeism in low- and middle-income countries like Bangladesh. Objectives This paper examines the changes over time in school MHM facilities, knowledge and perceptions among adolescent girls, in relation to school absenteeism between 2014 and 2018 in Bangladesh. Methods We examined changes in MHM and school absenteeism among schoolgirls using nationally representative data from the Bangladesh National Hygiene Baseline Survey 2014 and National Hygiene Survey 2018. Given the repetitive nature of our data and its clustering within participants, our method included performing descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis, and multivariate Generalised Estimating Equation (GEE) modelling to analyse these changes. Results Results showed that adolescent girls’ menstruation-related absenteeism decreased between 2014 and 2018. Percentage of adolescents who missed school decreased from 25% to 14% (PD: −11; CI: −16 to −6.1), while the average number of missed days reduced from 2.8 to 2.5 (PD: −0.33; CI: −0.57 to −0.10). In the GEE model, we found that living in rural areas (coef: −5.6; CI: −10.06 to −1.14), parental restrictions on going outside (coef: 4.47; CI: 0.75 to 8.2), education levels of girls (coef: −9.48; CI: −14.17 to −4.79), girl’s belief that menstruation affects school performance (coef: 23.32; CI: 19.71 to 26.93), and using old cloths (coef: −4.2; CI: −7.6 to −0.79) were significantly associated with higher absenteeism. However, participant’s age, type of school, knowledge of menstruation before menarche, receiving information regarding MHM, separate place for changing absorbents, and separate latrine and urine facility were not significantly associated with the changes in absenteeism over time. Conclusion This paper emphasised the associations between changes in school absenteeism, parental restrictions on students, students’ education levels, and menstruation-related misperceptions. Ongoing research, policy reviews, and targeted interventions to improve MHM perceptions among girls are required to provide long-term benefits for adolescent girls in Bangladesh.

Background: Salvia hispanica L. (Chia) seed improves liver marker enzymes, lipid profile and antioxidant enzyme activity. Purpose: The aim of the research work was to evaluate the hepatic and antioxidant enzymes activity of chia seed supplementation in high fat diet fed mice. Methods: Liver marker enzymes, lipid profile, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme activity, and histology were evaluated for chia seed supplementation in high fat diet fed mice. Here, ALT, AST, and ALP were done for liver marker enzymes test. Cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, and LDL were measured for lipid profiles. MDA, NO, AOPP, and MPO were done for oxidative stress test. Catalase and SOD were performed for measuring antioxidant enzyme activity. Hematoxylin and eosin and Prussian blue staining were done for histology purposes. Results: In high fat diet fed mice liver marker enzymes were significantly reduced by supplementation of chia seed. Lipid profiles like cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL concentration were declined and HDL concentration was increased significantly by chia seed supplementation in high fat diet fed mice. High fat diet increased oxidative stress markers such as MDA, NO, AOPP, and MPO which was significantly decreased by the supplementation of chia seed. Antioxidant enzyme activity and histology were also improved by the supplementation of chia seed. Conclusion: According to this study, chia seed supplementation can reduce liver fibrosis, hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and improve antioxidant enzyme activity in mice fed a high-fat diet.

Abstract Winter Storm Uri was a disaster that impacted much of the United States during February of 2021. During and after the storm, Texas and Oklahoma experienced massive power grid failures. This led to cascading impacts, including water system disruptions and many boil water notices (BWNs). The breakdown of some communication channels and the inability to enact protective actions due to power outages, as well as travel limitations on public roads, complicated the dissemination and implementation of notifications. This research examined individuals’ perceptions of risk, water quality, and BWNs during Uri. Additionally, this study sought to understand if previous experience with a BWN influenced compliance during Uri and how perceived efficacy impacted these variables. Surveying 893 Texans and Oklahomans revealed that most Uri-affected respondents believed the risks associated with BWNs were severe. Income and race were two factors that influenced BWN compliance. Age, gender, and level of education did not influence compliance. Previous experience with BWNs did not increase risk perceptions. Higher levels of perceived efficacy correlated to higher levels of compliance, perceptions of risk, and water quality, much of which support propositions of the Extended Parallel Process Model. Results suggest that pre-disaster planning and communication are imperative to helping reduce risk(s) and enhancing efficacy during a disaster, especially for novel disasters that have cascading risks, like Winter Storm Uri.

Abstract Autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) promises to increase healthcare productivity, but real-world evidence is lacking. We developed a clinic productivity model to generate testable hypotheses and study design for a preregistered cluster-randomized clinical trial, in which we tested the hypothesis that a previously validated US FDA-authorized AI for diabetic eye exams increases clinic productivity (number of completed care encounters per hour per specialist physician) among patients with diabetes. Here we report that 105 clinic days are cluster randomized to either intervention (using AI diagnosis; 51 days; 494 patients) or control (not using AI diagnosis; 54 days; 499 patients). The prespecified primary endpoint is met: AI leads to 40% higher productivity (1.59 encounters/hour, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37–1.80) than control (1.14 encounters/hour, 95% CI: 1.02–1.25), p

Background: Antimicrobial resistance has become an alarming issue all over the world. Moreover, in the developing countries as well as in Bangladesh facing this badly due to lack of study. Antibiotic resistance is prevalent among the bacterial pathogens causing urinary tract infections. Urinary tract infections affect >30% of people around the world. Worldwide, about 150 million people experience urinary tract infections each year. Antimicrobial treatment is often prescribed ‘empirically' without antibiotic susceptibility testing to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs). Aims: The prevalence of antibiotic resistance is worsening, probably because of the increasing number of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains and the indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and empirical treatment. This study aims to determine the frequency and antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria from suspected UTIs in Bangladeshi patients. Methods: In our study, about 200 samples of positive UTIs patients were analyzed with several parameters to see the antibiotic resistance rate. Result: After examining the patient's sample of UTIs antibiotic resistance rate is alarming and the most causative bacteria is Escherichia coli which is about 61.8%. Among the 200 urine sample suspected UTI patients 66% and 30% are female and male, respectively. Conclusions: Empirical therapy should be guided to control the antibiotic resistance. Especially, developing country should accept the challenge with proper infrastructure to get the surveillance of resistance, as resistance varies from region to region. Appropriate antibiotics should be focused for the rational use of antibiotics to prevent antibiotics resistance through common infections. [ J Adv Biotechnol Exp Ther 2023; 6(2.000): 419-428]

This study aims to convert cotton-based post-consumer textile waste to biodegradable paper, which not only addresses the discarding of waste but also provides a second use of cotton. The post-consumer garment made with cotton was decolorized by stripping with concentrated NaOH and hydrose. Afterwards, it was chopped, ground, and treated with NaOH solutions. The paper was prepared through a wet-laid process by mixing carboxymethyl cellulose as a binder with chopped cotton textiles. To reduce water absorbency, the uncoated paper was coated with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) using heat pressing technique. The surface morphology and chemical structure of uncoated pristine paper, coated paper, and TPU films were conducted using SEM and FTIR studies. The tensile strength, contact angle, air permeability, and biodegradability tests were investigated according to the standard methods. The tensile properties of the papers were increased after TPU coating, accounting well around 28% compared to the uncoated pristine paper. The elongation at the break of the coated paper was at least 40% greater than the uncoated pristine paper. The coated paper displayed a higher water contact angle of 100°, even after 10 min. The lower air permeability was observed in the coated paper due to TPU film blocking the free spaces of the paper. The TPU-coated paper exhibited a weight loss of 48.1%–59.8% after 90 days, whereas the uncoated paper was 100% decomposed after 60 days. The burning of post-consumer cotton textile waste (PCCTW) paper generated ashes resembling those of burning paper, implying clean and environmental friendly biodegradation. The papers can replace the petroleum–plastic materials and serve as food and other packaging applications.

Abstract Background The global outbreak of COVID-19 has created unprecedented havoc among health care workers, resulting in significant psychological strains like insomnia. This study aimed to analyze insomnia prevalence and job stressors among Bangladeshi health care workers in COVID-19 units. Methodology We conducted this cross-sectional study to assess insomnia severity from January to March 2021 among 454 health care workers working in multiple hospitals in Dhaka city with active COVID-dedicated units. We selected 25 hospitals conveniently. We used a structured questionnaire for face-to-face interviews containing sociodemographic variables and job stressors. The severity of insomnia was measured by the Insomnia Severity Scale (ISS). The scale has seven items to evaluate the rate of insomnia, which was categorized as the absence of Insomnia (0–7); sub-threshold Insomnia (8–14); moderate clinical Insomnia (15–21); and severe clinical Insomnia (22–28). To identify clinical insomnia, a cut-off value of 15 was decided primarily. A cut-off score of 15 was initially proposed for identifying clinical insomnia. We performed a chi-square test and adjusted logistic regression to explore the association of different independent variables with clinically significant insomnia using the software SPSS version 25.0. Results 61.5% of our study participants were females. 44.9% were doctors, 33.9% were nurses, and 21.1% were other health care workers. Insomnia was more dominant among doctors and nurses (16.2% and 13.6%, respectively) than others (4.2%). We found clinically significant insomnia was associated with several job stressors (p

The adsorption performance, kinetics, and thermodynamic parameters of reactive dyes on chitosan-treated cotton fabric are described in this research. The batch experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of pH, time, temperature, dye concentration, and material to liquid ratio of Remazol Red RR and Remazol Yellow RR, two widely used reactive dyes. The adsorption of red and yellow dyes was observed at λmax 517 and 419 nm respectively. For both Remazol Red RR and Remazol Yellow RR reactive dyes with starting dye concentrations of 0.0667 and 40 mg/L, the greatest dye adsorption was reported at pH 11 (0.0009 and 0.1284 mg/g) and pH 4 (0.0004 and 0.1038 mg/g). The adsorption performance was investigated using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption behaviours of the two reactive dyes closely matched to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm (R2>0.98) than Freundlich isotherm (R2>0.92). The pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2>0.99) was followed by the dyeing kinetics of modified cotton sample. Thermodynamic investigation was covered with enthalpy change (ΔH⁰), Gibbs free energy (ΔG⁰) and entropy change (ΔS⁰) where all the values were reported positive confirming that the adsorption process was non-spontaneous, endothermic and the higher affinity of reactive dye on chitosan treated cotton.

Background In 3%–19% of patients, reintubation is needed 48–72 hours following extubation, which increases intensive care unit (ICU) morbidity, mortality, and expenses. Extubation failure is frequently caused by diaphragm dysfunction. Ultrasonography can be used to determine the mobility and thickness of the diaphragm. This study looked at the role of diaphragm excursion (DE) and thickening fraction in predicting successful extubation from mechanical ventilation. Methods Thirty-one patients were extubated with the advice of an ICU consultant using the ICU weaning regimen and diaphragm ultrasonography was performed. Ultrasound DE and thickening fraction were measured three times: at the commencement of the T-piece experiment, at 10 minutes, and immediately before extubation. All patients' parameters were monitored for 48 hours after extubation. Rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) was also measured at the same time. Results Successful extubation was significantly correlated with DE (P

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is considered as one of the major bacteria causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) affecting millions of people worldwide. UPEC rates of high resistance towards antibiotics have increased dramatically in recent years and made treatment difficult in Bangladesh. The study intended to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of Escherichia coli from suspected urinary tract infections in Bangladeshi patients. A single cross-sectional retrospective observation was carried out in the Department of Microbiology at the Popular Diagnostic Centre, Mymensingh city, Bangladesh from August 2019 to August 2020. We collected data on urine culture from diagnostic reports of 4000 patients from which positive urine culture data were analyzed using SPSS software. During the study period, 453 positive urine cultures were identified from 4000 suspected UTI patients. Among them, 300 (66.2%) were female and 153 (33.8%) were male with their mean age of 45.50(47.94 for male and 44.27 for female). According to the findings, Escherichia coli was the only uropathogenic bacterial species found in the patient's urine culture. The highest antimicrobial resistance was seen among patients aged between 41 and 50 years. In an antimicrobial susceptibility test, 99% of isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 92% were multidrug-resistant (≥3 classes). [ J Adv Biotechnol Exp Ther 2021; 4(3.000): 256-264]

Abstract Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disorder, characterized by systemic inflammation and swollen joints, establishes itself as a critical threat. A pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α is a well-known driver of RA pathogenesis and at the same time predisposes to insulin resistance through signal impediment which ultimately paves the way for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, in patients with RA, T2DM remains significantly undiagnosed or undertreated, apparently which increases the risk of developing cardio-metabolic comorbidities. This study aimed to evaluate the glycemic status among RA patients and its association with disease activity. Result One hundred fifty inpatients RA cases according to ACR/EULAR standards were included in the cross-sectional study who have an average age of 45.4±12.15 years and a median and interquartile period of RA of 2.25 years and 0.48–6 years, respectively. We discovered that 36% of people had T2DM, 26% were prediabetic, and 38% were non-diabetic. Age was shown to be significantly correlated with DM frequency in RA patients (p=0.007). There were 28 patients with elevated disease activity (19%) and 60 patients with low disease activity (40%) in this study. No substantial associations were found in the presence of DM with gender, anti-CCP, RF, disease duration, or DAS28. Conclusion RA patients are more likely to experience diabetes, and resultantly a high index of notion must be kept. Clinician should be aware about the affliction of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes in RA patients. Furthermore, keeping an eye on glycemic control in RA patients could prevent metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities in those susceptible patients.

BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may cause severe life-threatening diseases called acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) owing to cytokine storms. The mortality rate of COVID-19-related ARDS is as high as 40% to 50%. However, effective treatment for the extensive release of acute inflammatory mediators induced by hyperactive and inappropriate immune responses is very limited. Many anti-inflammatory drugs with variable efficacies have been investigated. Colchicine inhibits interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and its subsequent inflammatory cascade by primarily blocking pyrin and nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing receptor 3 (NLRP3) activation. Therefore, this cheap, widely available, oral drug might provide an added benefit in combating the cytokine storm in COVID-19. Here, we sought to determine whether adding colchicine to other standards of care could be beneficial for moderate COVID-19 pneumonia in terms of the requirement for advanced respiratory support and mortality.Methods and findingsThis blinded placebo-controlled drug trial was conducted at the Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 300 patients with moderate COVID-19 based on a positive RT-PCR result were enrolled based on strict selection criteria from June 2020 to November 2020. Patients were randomly assigned to either treatment group in a 1:1 ratio. Patients were administered 1.2 mg of colchicine on day 1 followed by daily treatment with 0.6 mg of colchicine for 13 days or placebo along with the standard of care. The primary outcome was the time to clinical deterioration from randomization to two or more points on a seven-category ordinal scale within the 14 days post-randomization. Clinical outcomes were also recorded on day 28. The primary endpoint was met by 9 (6.2%) patients in the placebo group and 4 (2.7%) patients in the colchicine group (P = 0.171), which corresponds to a hazard ratio (95% CI) of 0.44 (0.13-1.43). Additional analysis of the outcomes on day 28 revealed significantly lower clinical deterioration (defined as a decrease by two or more points) in the colchicine group, with a hazard ratio [95%CI] of 0.29 [0.098-0.917], (P = 0.035). Despite a 56% reduction in the need for mechanical ventilation and death with colchicine treatment on day 14, the reduction was not statistically significant. On day 28, colchicine significantly reduced clinical deterioration measured as the need for mechanical ventilation and all-cause mortality.ConclusionColchicine was not found to have a significant beneficial effect on reducing mortality and the need for mechanical ventilation. However, a delayed beneficial effect was observed. Therefore, further studies should be conducted to evaluate the late benefits of colchicine.Clinical trial registrationClinical trial registration no: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04527562 https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=NCT04527562.

The use of dietary phytochemical rather than conventional therapies to treat numerous cancers is now a well-known approach in medical science. Easily available and less toxic dietary phytochemicals present in plants should be introduced in the list of phytochemical-based treatment areas. Sesamin, a natural phytochemical, may be a promising chemopreventive agent aiming to manage breast cancer. In this study, we discussed the pharmacological properties of sesamin that determine its therapeutics opportunity to be used in breast cancer treatment and other diseases. Sesamin is available in medicinal plants, especially in Sesamum indicum, and is easily metabolized by the liver. To better understand the antibreast cancer consequence of sesamin, we postulate some putative pathways related to the antibreast cancer mechanism: (1) regulation of estrogen receptor (ER-α and ER-β) activities, (2) suppressing programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) overexpression, (3) growth factor receptor inhibition, and (4) some tyrosine kinase pathways. Targeting these pathways, sesamin can modulate cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, cell growth and viability, metastasis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and oncogene inactivation in various in vitro and animal models. Although the actual tumor intrinsic signaling mechanism targeted by sesamin in cancer treatment is still unknown, this review summarized that this phytoestrogen suppressed NF-κB, STAT, MAPK, and PIK/AKT signaling pathways and activated some tumor suppressor protein in numerous breast cancer models. Cotreatment with γ-tocotrienol, conventional drugs, and several drug carriers systems increased the anticancer potentiality of sesamin. Furthermore, sesamin exhibited promising pharmacokinetics properties with less toxicity in the bodies. Overall, the shreds of evidence highlight that sesamin can be a potent candidate to design drugs against breast cancer. So, like other phytochemicals, sesamin can be consumed for better therapeutic advantages due to having the ability to target a plethora of molecular pathways until clinically trialed standard drugs are not available in pharma markets.

Ice cream is one of the most popular food items consumed during the summer season in Bangladesh by all ages but mostly school-going students. Due to the ingredients and handling process of ice cream, it acts as a good shelter for pathogenic and nonpathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the microbial count, prevalence, isolate and characterize multidrug-resistant bacteria in ice cream samples collected from nearby shops of schools in Tangail district, Bangladesh. Ice-cream consumer and nonconsumer students were selected by providing questionnaires. Total viable count (TVC) and total coliform count (TCC) were determined by pour plate methods, where conventional methods were performed for bacterial identification. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates. Kado and Liu method, with some modifications, was used to extract plasmid from the isolated bacteria and visualized through gel electrophoresis. The demographic characteristics showed that the degree of symptoms regarding microorganisms mediated disorders and rate of antibiotics intake in ice cream consumers were significantly higher than the nonconsumers. The range of TVC and TCC in the ice cream samples was found 0–9.9 × 109 CFU/ml and 0–900 CFU/ml, respectively. Interestingly, 93.75% of the total ice cream samples also showed fungal positive. A total of 12 different bacterial species were identified, including Proteus spp, E. coli, V.cholera, Pseudomonas spp, Shigella spp, Klebsiella spp, Aeromonas spp, V. Parahemolyticus. Salmonella paratyphi, Citrobacterspp, Plesiomonasspp, and Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial susceptibility assay showed the multiple resistance frequency of these isolates to different antimicrobial drugs. All individual isolates were screened for plasmid DNA, and we found that seven strains harbored a single or more than two plasmids sized approximately between 1.9 and 140 MDa, indicating a possible connection between resistance phenotype pattern and genotype.

Background: A large body of evidence has shown a link between arsenic exposure and diabetes, but the underlying mechanisms have not yet been clarified. Objective: We explored the association between arsenic exposure and the reduction of skeletal muscle mass as a potential mechanism of insulin resistance for developing arsenic-related hyperglycemia. Methods: A total of 581 subjects were recruited from arsenic-endemic and non-endemic areas in Bangladesh and their fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, and serum creatinine levels were determined. Subjects’ arsenic exposure levels were assessed by arsenic concentrations in water, hair, and nails. HOMA-IR and HOMA-β were used to calculate insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, respectively. Serum creatinine levels and lean body mass (LBM) were used as muscle mass indicators. Results: Water, hair and nail arsenic concentrations showed significant positive associations with FBG, serum insulin and HOMA-IR and inverse associations with serum creatinine and LBM in a dose-dependent manner both in males and females. Water, hair and nail arsenic showed significant inverse associations with HOMA-β in females but not in males. FBG and HOMA-IR were increased with the decreasing levels of serum creatinine and LBM. Odds ratios (ORs) of hyperglycemia were significantly increased with the increasing concentrations of arsenic in water, hair and nails and with the decreasing levels of serum creatinine and LBM. Females’ HOMA-IR showed greater susceptibility to the reduction of serum creatinine and LBM, possibly causing the greater risk of hyperglycemia in females than males. Path analysis revealed the mediating effect of serum creatinine level on the relationship of arsenic exposure with HOMA-IR and hyperglycemia. Conclusion: Arsenic exposure elevates FBG levels and the risk of hyperglycemia through increasing insulin resistance with greater susceptibility in females than males. Additionally, arsenic exposure-related reduction of skeletal muscle mass may be a mechanism underlying the development of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia.

Ensuring access to safe drinking water in climate-vulnerable southwest Bangladesh is a growing challenge. People living in the coastal municipality town of Paikgachha in Khulna District are suffering from an acute crisis of drinking water due to contamination of groundwater by salinity, iron and arsenic. WaterAid Bangladesh piloted a piped water supply model with a progressive tariff approach that brings residents, especially the poor, safe and affordable water, while ensuring financial sustainability of the model. This paper discusses how the multidimensional approach underlying the development of the piped water system successfully addressed the social and institutional dimensions of water supply in a context involving multiple stressors. The initiative has demonstrated that sustainable service with full cost recovery is possible while addressing equity issues in the challenging circumstances of Bangladesh’s coast.

We synthesized manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanoparticles of different sizes by varying pH during chemical co-precipitation procedure and modified their surfaces with polysaccharide chitosan (CS) to investigate characteristics of hyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Structural features were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area diffraction (SAED) patterns, and Mössbauer spectroscopy to confirm the formation of superparamagnetic MnFe2O4 nanoparticles with a size range of 5–15 nm for pH of 9–12. The hydrodynamic sizes of nanoparticles were less than 250 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.3, whereas the zeta potentials were higher than 30 mV to ensure electrostatic repulsion for stable colloidal suspension. MRI properties at 7T demonstrated that transverse relaxation (T2) doubled as the size of CS-coated MnFe2O4 nanoparticles tripled in vitro. However, longitudinal relaxation (T1) was strongest for the smallest CS-coated MnFe2O4 nanoparticles, as revealed by in vivo positive contrast MRI angiography. Cytotoxicity assay on HeLa cells showed CS-coated MnFe2O4 nanoparticles is viable regardless of ambient pH, whereas hyperthermia studies revealed that both the maximum temperature and specific loss power obtained by alternating magnetic field exposure depended on nanoparticle size and concentration. Overall, these results reveal the exciting potential of CS-coated MnFe2O4 nanoparticles in MRI and hyperthermia studies for biomedical research.

In this study, we establish a sophisticated compartmental Caputo fractional-order Susceptible-Vaccinated-Exposed-Infected-Hospitalized-Recovered Pathogens mathematical model for analyzing the dynamical behavior of COVID-19 transmission in the perspective of COVID-19 pandemic situation of Bangladesh considering the data up to 2nd dose vaccination. The frame of Caputo fractional-order derivative has been used to fractionalize the model’s equations. A total of 10 distinct compartments have been used to represent the dynamics of human and novel coronavirus. The Next-generation matrix approach has been used for finding the basic reproduction number of considered model. For establishing the existence and uniqueness of the model’s solutions, here we apply Banach fixed point theorem. Routh–Hurwitz, Ulam–Hyers and generalized Ulam–Hyers stability criteria have been applied for stability analysis. We execute a sensitivity analysis to check the comparative prominence of the model’s parameters. For the numerical simulation, data have been accumulated from the COVID-19 dashboard of Directorate general of health services of Bangladesh. The Fractional Adams–Bashforth–Moulton method along with MATLAB code fde12.m has also been applied to perform the numerical simulation. Furthermore, here we use some Maple codes for finding the model’s equilibrium points, basic reproduction number and sensitivity indices. Finally, we include a discussion on the influence of new rate of infections through environment and interaction with infected persons as well as the effect of 1st and 2nd dose vaccinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]