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The outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2020 has caused a crisis in various sectors, including the economic sector. In fact, its impact on the performance of Islamic banks in the ASEAN region is currently still unknown. Therefore, this study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of COVID-19 on profitability performance and maqashid sharia performance in Islamic banks in the ASEAN region. Profitability performance is measured by return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA). The number of observations from this study was 202 with a sample of 30 Islamic commercial banks in the ASEAN region in 2015–2021. The data analysis technique used is EViews 12. The results show that COVID-19 has no significant effect on profitability performance in Islamic banks, whether measured by ROE or ROA. On the other hand, COVID-19 has a significant effect on reducing the maqashid sharia performance. In addition, company size has been proven to positively affect profitability performance and maqashid sharia performance in Islamic banks before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Operating expense ratio (OER) has been proven to affect ROE and ROA, whereas FDR and non-performing financing (NPF) have been proven to only affect ROA. OER influences promoting welfare, while FDR and NPF influence establishing justice. The study results confirm the ability of Islamic banks to generate profits amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. They also confirm the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on three aspects of maqashid sharia performance.

The growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) shows a positive trend and has even become a major highlight in the national economic landscape. Moreover, most of these businesses are owned by women. Examining how digital capability and financial literacy and a dynamic environment affect the success of female-owned small and medium-sized enterprises in Indonesia is the main goal of this study. Financial and digital capability are examined as mediators between performance and these factors. The study used a causal explanatory research approach. The data in this study were collected through questionnaires. This research surveyed 100 female-owned small and medium-sized enterprises in Indonesia’s food and beverage, herbal and pharmaceutical, fashion, and craft industries. Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis was utilized in this work as an analytical tool. The study reveals that financial literacy significantly enhances SMEs` performance by improving resource management. However, a dynamic environment alone does not impact performance unless supported by other competencies. Financial competence does not strengthen the effect of financial literacy, indicating it may not be sufficient for success. Conversely, digital competence is crucial, mediating the relationship between a dynamic environment and SMEs` performance. Therefore, SMEs with strong digital skills are better positioned to adapt and thrive, making digital competence key to sustained business success.

In the industrial revolution 4.0, everything is becoming digital. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the difficulty of meeting face to face at that time, pushed everything to be done electronically or online. This is no exception for notaries, who have difficulty adapting to this all-electronic era. This research is doctrinal research which uses materials, namely literature and statutory regulations. The research results show that the Information and Electronic Transactions Law has accommodated the existence of electronic documents and information, but the Law on Notary Positions cannot expressly recognize the existence of electronic documents to be included in authentic deeds. Where other countries have adapted this cyber notary, Indonesia has not been able to apply it due to obstacles in these regulations. The exceptions contained in the Information and Electronic Transactions Law can be removed to provide space for cyber notaries in Indonesia, but the Notary Position Law must also be adjusted to provide clear guidelines for the implementation of cyber notaries.

Corruption crimes encompass a variety of offences, one of which is the Extortion Offence. Extortion offences involve offenders proven to demand, receive, or withhold payments through force or threats on material matters while performing their duties as certain officeholders. In Indonesia, regulations for corrupt acts involving extortion offences are outlined in Article 12 letter f of Law Number 20 of 2001, amending Law Number 31 of 1999 on the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption, as well as Article 425 paragraph (1) of the Indonesian Criminal Code. The extent to which a person is considered to have committed a corrupt act involving extortion is a crucial aspect of corruption offences. This study employs the Normative Research Method utilizing statutory and conceptual approaches, with legal material analysis conducted through descriptive means. The findings show that significance of Article 12 letter f in the Corruption Eradication Act as an extension and lex specialist in Article 425 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code. Officials can take measures to prevent such misconduct to avoid improper cash handling or extortion by those in positions of authority over them. This study offers an in-depth study of illegal levies in corruption, emphasizing Article 12 letter f of Law Number 20 of 2001, aiming to bridge the gap of previous studies and provide practical insights for law enforcement in anti-corruption efforts in Indonesia through normative legal research.

Background and Aim: Brain malaria, which results from Plasmodium falciparum infection, is responsible for substantial fatalities and health issues. These processes, including cytoadherence, rosetting, and sequestration, induce an immune response, hypoxia, brain microvascular obstruction, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, and cell death. Parasitemia level can reveal the presence of infection and its association with apoptosis-related genes. Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves with antimalarial properties could replace ineffective Indonesian malaria medications. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of neem leaf extract on cerebral malaria-induced parasitemia and neuron cell apoptosis in mice through an in vivo approach. Materials and Methods: 13–16 weeks old C57BL mice received infection by Plasmodium berghei strain ANKA. Parasitemia was estimated daily from the mice’s tail blood. 8 mg, 12 mg, and 16 mg of a 96% ethanolic neem leaf extract were orally given for 6 days. Healthy, positive, and negative controls were included for treatment comparisons. On the 7th day, brain tissue was analyzed for (p > 0.05) gene expression. Through immunohistochemistry, both cell apoptosis in neurons expressing caspase-3 within a brain sample and the degree of parasitemia in a blood smear were assessed. The Pearson correlation test and one-way analysis of variance were employed to analyze the data. Results: Neem leaf extract reduces parasitemia and neuron cell apoptosis at multiple dosages (p < 0.000). Apoptosis in brain neurons and parasitemia show a strong positive correlation (r = +0.939). Neem leaf extract at doses of 12 and 16 mg was the most effective in reducing parasitemia levels and causing cell death. Conclusion: Neem leaf therapy significantly reduced the degree of parasitemia and cell apoptosis in C57BL mice compared with the control group without treatment (p = 0.05). This shows that neem leaves have the potential to be a candidate drug for malaria.

This study explores Indonesia's motivation for promoting Local Currency Settlement (LCS) among ASEAN countries and assesses the outcomes of the 42nd ASEAN Summit through the lens of maqāṣid sharīah, focusing on hifẓ al-māl (wealth preservation). Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines a literature review with field research. The literature review integrates diverse sources such as journals, books, and online materials relevant to policy analysis, while field research includes interviews with Islamic economists, academics, and leaders from religious and government sectors to understand LCS implementation and impacts. The findings indicate that LCS agreements bolster economic independence and stability in the ASEAN region by enabling transactions in local currencies. This system facilitates bilateral and regional trade, enhances investment flows, and supports various economic activities among ASEAN nations. It aligns with the maqāṣid sharīah principle of hifẓ al-māl and reinforces the qiyām or qawām system (balance within self, family, and society), promoting broader economic stability. This research provides a novel perspective by analyzing LCS within the framework of maqāṣid sharīah, highlighting how regional economic policies can harmonize with Islamic principles of wealth preservation. The results suggest that LCS could be a strategic tool for strengthening regional economic integration and stability. By reducing reliance on third-party currencies and aligning with maqāṣid sharīah principles, LCS has the potential to foster more resilient and balanced economic relationships both within ASEAN and globally.

The application of technology in the livestock sector has been carried out to increase the productivity of the livestock business. Closed chicken coops are one of the applications of technology in the livestock sector by utilizing a microcontroller that can control the temperature and ammonia levels in the coop under optimal conditions for fattening chickens. When the temperature rises (hot), the system set on the microcontroller will make the fan turn on automatically. This study aims to improve the offline and semi-manual fan control system in closed chicken coops to become automatic. By utilizing Internet of Things (IoT)-based technology, monitoring the condition of the chicken coop can be more easily accessed remotely. The method uses the if-then rule to regulate fan performance based on variable temperature and ammonia levels. The fan work set-point value can be set through the Android application online. Based on the test results, the IoT system treatment can work well. A consumer satisfaction survey was conducted on breeders with satisfactory results to ensure their feasibility as a commercial product.

Even though generalized frequency division multiplexing is an alternative waveform method expected to replace the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing in the future, its implementation must alleviate channel effects. Least-squares (LS), a low-complexity channel estimation technique, could be improved by using the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) without increasing complexity. Unlike the usage of the LS method, the DFT-based method requires the receiver to know the channel impulse response (CIR) length, which is unknown. This study introduces a simple, yet effective, CIR length estimator by utilizing LS estimation. As the cyclic prefix (CP) length is commonly set to be longer than the CIR length, it is possible to search through the first samples if CP is larger than a threshold set using the remaining samples. An adaptive scale is also designed to lower the error probability of the estimation, and a simple signal-to-interference-noise ratio estimation is also proposed by utilizing a sparse preamble to support the use of the scale. A software simulation is used to show the ability of the proposed system to estimate the CIR length. Due to shorter CIR length of rural area, the performance is slightly poorer compared to urban environment. Nevertheless, satisfactory performance is shown for both environments.

This research is a Participatory Action Research (PAR) that aims to improve the understanding and practice of ibadah in the Kampung Batu Dalam, Solok district community. Research is carried out through several cycles of planning, action, observation, and reflection. In Cycle 1, diagnosis of problems is carried out through initial observation, identification of problems, analysis of root problems, and consultation with stakeholders. The lecture and learning methods were chosen as the initial action. Cycle 2 focuses on religious learning activities such as worship, sanctification, and sacrament and is taught to the community and children. The methods used include routine learning, competition, and active involvement of the community and children. Evaluations at Cycle 3 show success in raising children's spirits, but the main challenge is the difficulty of reaching older people who are still tied to the old tradition. The main findings of this study were the importance of combining an andragogic approach for the elderly and innovative game-based learning methods for children. Combining these two approaches is a creative and replicable solution to address similar problems in other societies with different characteristics.

HIV/AIDS remains a public health crisis, HIV/AIDS remains a public health crisis, especially among male adolescents in Indonesia. This urgency stems from the rapid increase in cases among adolescents, who often lack adequate access to education and prevention resources. If left unaddressed, the epidemic could continue to spread among younger populations, leading to long-term social and economic consequences. Despite the crucial role of HIV knowledge in prevention, disparities exist between rural and urban areas. This study examines these disparities, identifying factors influencing HIV knowledge. This cross-sectional study employed a total of 10,943 male adolescents enrolled in a survey called Indonesia Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) 2017. To address those disparities, a stratification chi-square based on place of residence was employed. We also employed a multivariate decomposition analysis to examine which variables account for most gaps. Results found that only 15% of adolescents were knowledgeable (9.5% in urban and 5.5% in rural areas). Bivariate Analysis showed that education level and HIV test awareness were associated in both areas ( p-value < 0.05), while wealth quintile and internet use were associated in urban areas only ( p-values < 0.05). The HIV knowledge gap would decrease by 8% if internet use was equalized, by 11% if HIV testing awareness was equalized, by 17% if educational attainment was equalized, and by 24% if wealth quintiles were equalized. This calls for a multi-sectoral intervention targeting such factors for better HIV outcomes in Indonesia.

Abstract Purpose Rehabilitation is a set of services designed to increase functioning and improve wellbeing across the life course. Despite being a core part of Universal Health Coverage, rehabilitation services often receive limited public expenditure, especially in lower income countries. This leads to limited service availability and high out of pocket payments for populations in need of care. The purpose of this research was to assess the association between macroeconomic conditions and rehabilitation expenditures across low-, middle-, and high-income countries and to understand its implications for overall rehabilitation expenditure trajectory across countries. Materials and methods We utilized a panel data set from the World Health Organization’s Global Health Expenditure Database comprising the total rehabilitation expenditure for 88 countries from 2016 to 2018. Basic macroeconomic and population data served as control variables. Multiple regression models were implemented to measure the relationship between macroeconomic conditions and rehabilitation expenditures. We used four different model specifications to check the robustness of our estimates: pooled data models (or naïve model) without control, pooled data models with controls (or expanded naïve model), fixed effect models with all controls, and lag models with all controls. Log-log specifications using fixed effects and lag-dependent variable models were deemed the most appropriate and controlled for time-invariant differences. Results Our regression models indicate that, with a 1% increase in economic growth, rehabilitation expenditure would be associated with a 0.9% and 1.3% increase in expenditure. Given low baseline levels of existing rehabilitation expenditure, we anticipate that predicted increases in rehabilitation expenditure due to economic growth may be insufficient to meet the growing demand for rehabilitation services. Existing expenditures may also be vulnerable during periods of economic recession. Conclusion This is the first known estimation of the association between rehabilitation expenditure and macroeconomic conditions. Our findings demonstrate that rehabilitation is sensitive to macroeconomic fluctuations and the path dependency of past expenditures. This would suggest the importance of increased financial prioritization of rehabilitation services and improved institutional strengthening to expand access to rehabilitation services for populations.

With an ever-increasing amount of (meta)genomic data being deposited in sequence databases, (meta)genome mining for natural product biosynthetic pathways occupies a critical role in the discovery of novel pharmaceutical drugs, crop protection agents and biomaterials. The genes that encode these pathways are often organised into biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). In 2015, we defined the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG): a standardised data format that describes the minimally required information to uniquely characterise a BGC. We simultaneously constructed an accompanying online database of BGCs, which has since been widely used by the community as a reference dataset for BGCs and was expanded to 2021 entries in 2019 (MIBiG 2.0). Here, we describe MIBiG 3.0, a database update comprising large-scale validation and re-annotation of existing entries and 661 new entries. Particular attention was paid to the annotation of compound structures and biological activities, as well as protein domain selectivities. Together, these new features keep the database up-to-date, and will provide new opportunities for the scientific community to use its freely available data, e.g. for the training of new machine learning models to predict sequence-structure-function relationships for diverse natural products. MIBiG 3.0 is accessible online at https://mibig.secondarymetabolites.org/.

The research presented in this article consisted of analysis of the ship structural accidents at low temperatures and the effect of carbon percentage in various classifications of carbon steel, compared to the high tensile strength steel materials. The objective of this research was to fill the knowledge gap by expanding the understanding of the influence of low temperature, material, and structure on the axial compression test of tubes. The simulations as idealization of the compression test were conducted with variations in temperature, material carbon percentage, and geometry shape, using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The results showed that at -100 °C, the material had the best ability to resist compression energy; high carbon steel had the highest strength at various carbon percentages, and the square geometry showed the best ability to absorb energy before failure.

This research explores the role of Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) as a mediator in the relationship between green innovation and sustainable growth. This research utilized the STATA 14 program to test hypotheses using the path analysis test and the Sobel test. The analysis was conducted on 2,716 observations from 539 non-financial corporates listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2013 and 2020. The path analysis findings indicate that (1) green innovation positively influences EMA; (2) green innovation positively affects sustainable growth; (3) EMA does not have a significant impact on sustainable growth; and (4) EMA does not operate as a mediator between green innovation and sustainable growth. Additionally, the present research conducted a rigorous robustness test, which yielded results that aligned with those obtained from the path analysis test. Incorporating environmentally focused innovation into company plans provides substantial benefits for achieving sustainable growth, including cost reduction, improved competitive advantage, compliance with regulations, and exploring new market opportunities.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perlindungan hak anak dalam kasus perceraian menurut hukum keluarga Islam. Perceraian merupakan salah satu masalah yang sering terjadi dalam kehidupan keluarga dan dapat berdampak negatif terhadap anak. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk memahami bagaimana hukum keluarga Islam memberikan perlindungan terhadap hak-hak anak dalam konteks perceraian. Metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan. Data yang digunakan adalah bahan-bahan hukum yang relevan, termasuk Al-Qur'an, hadis, serta pendapat para ulama dan ahli hukum Islam terkait masalah perceraian dan perlindungan hak anak. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hukum keluarga Islam memberikan perhatian yang besar terhadap perlindungan hak anak dalam kasus perceraian. Hukum Islam menekankan pentingnya menjaga keutuhan keluarga dan kesejahteraan anak sebagai prioritas utama. Dalam konteks perceraian, hukum Islam menempatkan tanggung jawab besar pada kedua orang tua untuk melindungi hak-hak anak, termasuk hak untuk hidup, pendidikan, kesehatan, dan keamanan. Selain Itu, hukum keluarga Islam juga memberikan pedoman yang jelas mengenai prosedur perceraian dan hak-hak anak setelah perceraian terjadi. Dalam hal penitipan anak, hukum Islam mendorong orang tua untuk mencapai kesepakatan yang baik dan adil demi kepentingan terbaik anak. Jika tidak ada kesepakatan, hakim akan memutuskan penitipan anak berdasarkan prinsip keadilan dan kepentingan terbaik anak.

Legal harmonization determining the iddah period for divorced women outside of court between Law No. 1 of 1974 and the Compilation of Islamic Law is still an unresolved issue in Indonesia. This study aims to identify the differences and similarities between the two laws, as well as provide recommendations on the proper harmonization of laws for divorced women outside the court. This study uses comparative analysis methods and interviews with Islamic jurists. The results of the study show that there are differences in determining the iddah period between the two laws, and the proper harmonization of law by enforcing Islamic law that is in line with the social and cultural context of Indonesian society. It is hoped that the results of this research can become input for legislators and the public in formulating legal policies that are fair and in accordance with Islamic teachings and the social context in Indonesia.

Mass tourism is an industrial sector that drives economic development significantly but causes many environmental and socio-cultural problems. This is clearly illustrated in Cimenyan, where land conversion for tourism development causes environmental damage and social problems. This research aims to analyze the entity of Udjo Ecoland as a tourism product and its elaboration in the framework of sustainable tourism as an effort to preserve the environment and culture. Qualitative descriptive analysis method was used to get a comprehensive and in-depth picture. Data were obtained from primary sources in the form of field observations and interviews and secondary data in the form of literature review. The results showed that Udjo Ecoland had all four components of tourism destinations (4A) and fulfilled the three pillars of sustainable tourism. The presence of Udjo Ecoland then gradually leads to efforts to preserve culture and environment by forming a new culture that elaborates noble values into a sustainable tourism framework and builds community awareness to create independence with an environmental perspective. Through sustainable tourism management, Udjo Ecoland has succeeded in making a positive contribution to environmental damage and social problems in Cimenyan as an effort to preserve culture and environment.

Panduratin A is a prenylated flavonoid derivative from Boesenbergia pandurata with many potential biological activities. The biogenesis of this compound and its derivatives is believed to involve a Diels-Alder reaction between monoterpenoid and chalcone derivatives. This study provides insight into modeling biogenesis through the Diels-Alderreaction for Panduratin A and derivatives biosynthesis. We are using M06-2X/6-31G(d)//PM6 level of theory to explore the potential energy surfaces, asynchronicity degree, and global electron density transfer. Explicit water was applied to mimic physiological conditions. Contrary to the fact that water accelerates this reaction through hydrogen bonding catalysis, we found that water could slow this reaction. These results suggest that this reaction proceeds very slowly under physiological conditions, and enzymes catalyze this reaction.

This research aims to explore key success factors in profit-sharing-based contracts. Profit-sharing-based contracts such as mudharabah and musharakah carried out by Islamic banks are the core of financing in Islamic banks because they are directly related to the productive sector. The impact of this type of financing is greater for the industrial world than that of buying and selling-based financing. However, the facts show that there has been a decrease in the performance of the percentage of profit-sharing-based financing during the 2019-2022 period, and conversely, buying and selling-based financing has increased. In addition, the total operating profit from profit-sharing-based financing has also decreased during the 2019-2022 period. Mudharabah financing is mainly carried out on the basis of trust that arises between the owner of the funds (shahibul maal) and the business manager (mudharib). This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the key success factors in profit-sharing-based financing contracts. Key success factors that are deepened based on the trust metaphor include knowledge of the rights and obligations of mudharib and shahibul maal, honest reporting, monitoring, and guarantees. In fulfilling the Trust, each party is required to have adequate knowledge of their rights and obligations in mudharabah and musharakah contracts. The honest and adequate presentation of financial information is disclosed by mudharib with reference to relevant Sharia accounting standards such as PSAK 101, PSAK 105, and PSAK 106. This disclosure is a form of mudharib's responsibility to shahibul maal. Regular monitoring can be carried out by shahibul maal actively or passively. Guarantees can be applied in sharing-based financing contracts other than guarantees provided by mudharib. This study produces theoretical contributions to science in the field of Sharia accounting and practice, especially for practitioners in the Sharia banking industry.

Improper processing of soymilk, such as soybean raw materials, use of well water, and use of cooking vessels, produces soymilk that does not meet SNI standards. These conditions can contaminate soymilk with harmful metals. The purpose of this study was to measure the nutritional quality and metal content of soymilk produced using aluminum and stainless steel cooking vessels. The research was descriptive and was conducted in July 2022. Analytical tests were carried out by comparing the nutritional content in the form of total protein, fat, lactose, and solid non-fat (SNF), and analyzing the heavy metal content. The results showed that the contents of Pb, Cu, and Hg in soy milk processed with stainless steel were lower than those of aluminum, from 11,494 ppm to 2,706 ppm, 114,612 ppm to 10,211 ppm, and 0,372 ppm to 0,012 ppm, respectively. The contents of Zn and As in soymilk with stainless steel were higher than those treated with aluminum, from 884,585 ppm to 73,616 ppm and from 0,107 ppm to 0,079 ppm, respectively. Cooking water also contributed 0,055; 0,044; 0,028, and 0,156 ppm to the heavy metal content of Pb, Cu, Zn, Hg, and As, respectively. In conclusion, the use of stainless steel in soymilk processing resulted in better nutritional quality and lower heavy metal content compared to aluminum.

Background Zinc is one of the micronutrients that is found deficient in preterm infants. To date, no parenteral zinc supplements are available in Indonesia and there is no recommendation established for routine zinc supplementation in preterm infants. Objective To evaluate the impact of zinc supplementation on growth indicators and morbidity in preterm infants. Methods This double-blind, randomized controlled trial included preterm infants aged 28-32 weeks who were assigned to one of two groups: the first group received a 10 mg zinc supplementation, while the second (control) group received a placebo. At discharge or at a maximum of 40 weeks post-menstrual age (PMA, calculated from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period), the following were evaluated : growth indicators (weight, length, and head circumference), serum zinc level, zinc supplementation side effects, and morbidity rate (intraventricular hemorrhage/IVH, necrotizing enterocolitis/NEC, btonchopulmonary dysplasia/BPD). Data were analyzed with independent T-test using SPSS version 22 software. Results Seventy-eight subjects were assigned to the zinc supplementation group and 76 subjects were assigned to the placebo group. Serum zinc level and mean body weight increment were significantly higher in the zinc group compared to the placebo group (P=0.00 and P=0.02, respectively). There were no significant differences between groups in mean body length or head circumference increment, nor in morbidity rate. Conclusion Preterm infants who received zinc supplementation have higher serum zinc level and mean body weight increment compared to the placebo group. No side effects are observed to have been caused by zinc supplementation.

Background: Premature loss for deciduous teeth is defined as the teeth that fall out before approaching the time of eruption of their replacement permanent teeth regardless of the reason for the loss of the teeth. The premature loss of deciduous teeth can cause the teeth next to the edentulous area to shift and lose arch space causing permanent teeth to grow abnormally. Prevention can be done by using Mayne's space maintainer so that the negative impact of premature loss does not occur. Purpose: Report the fabrication of Mayne's space maintainer in premature loss case. Case analysis: The laboratory accepted a working model with a case of premature loss in tooth 74 and was asked to make the Mayne's space maintainer. Result: This appliance consists of a molar band attached to tooth 75 with a 0.9 mm loop that is soldered on the buccal of the molar band. Conclusion: It is concluded that fabrication of Mayne's space maintainer in the case of premature loss of tooth 74 includes the preparation of a working model, adjustment of the molar band on tooth 75, making the loop, followed by soldering the loop to the molar band, finally the finishing and polishing.

Female workers do not always get the same rights as their male colleagues. Many women are forced to dispel their desires to become structural career women because they are unable to compete with men. Therefore, it is necessary to have clear performance measurements to prove that female teachers also have good performance. The research was conducted using explanatory research with a quantitative approach. The test was conducted by SEM analysis techniques using AMOS. The study found a significant influence between Emotional Intelligence on Job Satisfaction as well as Job Satisfaction on Commitment. In the next test it was found that Job Performance was only influenced by family conflict in a negative direction, while Commitment and Job Satisfaction had no effect on Job Performance.

Fruits and seeds morphological traits and seed storage behaviour of Anaxagorea luzonensis are important for seed and plant conservation. Fruits and seeds characterization using a digital microscope and morphometry method. Seed storage behaviour was determined using 100-seed test method. The findings revealed that the colour of A. luzonensis fruit did not change and A. luzonensis seed was glossy, brittle, black in colour, 9.05 x 5.89 x 2.93 mm sized and oval. The seeds are desiccation-tolerant and are categorized as orthodox seeds. These results can become the findings of A. luzonensis seed storage behaviour, because information about it never existed before. Knowing the seed storage behaviour and seed morphology of A. luzonensis is essential so that the recommendation of conservation efforts at PBG in the future are covering the fruit, modifying the environment, breaking dormant seeds, vegetative propagation, and preserving seeds.

Kemiskinan menjadi permasalahan yang serius dan cukup kompleks. Kemiskinan dipengaruhi secara lintas sector dari berbagai faktor. Pengelompokan kemiskinan dapat dilakukan untuk perencanaan dan evaluasi program kemiskinan, Analisis cluster dengan metode ward, k-means, diana, dan PAM dapat dimanfaatkan dalam pengelompokan provinsi di Indonesia berdasarkan enam indikator kemiskinan yaitu persentase penduduk miskin (P0), indeks kedalaman kemiskinan (P1), indeks keparahan kemiskinan (P2), Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT), Angka Melek Huruf (AMH), dan Rata-rata Lama Sekolah (RLS). Berdasarkan evaluasi model, didapatkan model terbaik cluster dengan pendekatan ward dengan analisis Principal Component Analysis (PCA). PCA terbukti dapat memaksimalkan performa model clustering. Model cluster ward membentuk lima kluster yang optimal dengan provinsi tingkat kemiskinan sangat rendah hingga sangat tinggi.

PurposeFollowing the rapid transition to non-communicable diseases, increases in injury, and subsequent disability, the world—especially low and middle-income countries (LMICs)—remains ill-equipped for increased demand for rehabilitative services and assistive technology. This scoping review explores rehabilitation financing models used throughout the world and identifies “state of the art” rehabilitation financing strategies to identify opportunities and challenges to expand financing of rehabilitation.Material and methodsWe searched peer-reviewed and grey literature for articles containing information on rehabilitation financing in both LMICs and high-income countries.ResultsForty-two articles were included, highlighting various rehabilitation financing mechanism which involves user fees and other innovative payment as bundled or pooled schemes. Few studies explore policy options to increase investment in the supply of services.Conclusionthis paper highlights opportunities to expand rehabilitation services, namely through promotion of private investment, improvement in provider reimbursement mechanism as well as expanding educational grants to bolster labor supply incentive, and the investment in public and private insurance schemes. Mechanisms of reimbursement are frequently based on global budget and salary which are helpful to control cost escalation but represent important barriers to expand supply and quality of services.

Abstrak. Separator merupakan alat pemisah minyak atsiri dari air destilat pada proses penyulingan minyak atsiri. Perancangan separator disesuaikan dengan berat jenis minyak atsiri yang akan diproses. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan desain dan uji kinerja alat separator minyak atsiri skala laboratorium kapasitas 25 liter secara gravitasi dengan laju destilat sebesar 4.0 – 4.5 L/jam. Hasil uji fungsional menunjukkan komponen separator berfungsi secara baik sesuai dengan fungsinya baik secara individu maupun dalam rakitan mesin. Proses pemisahan dilakukan dengan cara mengalirkan campuran minyak dan air ke dalam separator dengan debit 4.0 – 4.5 L/jam menggunakan pompa aquarium.Hasil rendemen diperoleh nilai berkisar antara 0.82 – 0.88% pada volume minyak yang ditambahkan mulai dari 100 – 150 mL. Artinya diperoleh volume minyak yang masih tertinggal diseparator berkisar antara 18 – 20 mL. Bila waktu pemisahan diperpanjang hingga 12 jam maka akan diperoleh minyak yang tertinggal berkisar 2-5 mL. Manufacture and Performance Test of Laboratory Scale Essential Oil Separator Equipment with a Capacity of 25 Liters Abstract. The separator is a means of separating essential oils from distilled water in the essential oil refining process. The design of the separator is adjusted to the specific gravity of the essential oil to be processed. The purpose of this study was to test the performance of a laboratory scale essential oil separator with a capacity of 25 liters by gravity with a distillate rate of 4.0 – 4.5 L/hour. The results of the functional test show that the separator components function properly according to their functions, both individually and in machine assembly. The separation process is carried out by flowing a mixture of oil and water into the separator with a discharge of 4.0 – 4.5 L/hour using an aquarium pump. The yield results obtained values ranging from 0.82 to 0.88% in the volume of oil added from 100 to 150 mL. This means that the volume of oil that is still left in the separator ranges from 18 to 20 mL. If the separation time is extended to 12 hours, the remaining oil will be in the range of 2-5 mL.

Abstract Background Indonesia has high numbers of preterm birth, i.e., around 600,000 preterm births annually. It imposes a significant burden on the Indonesia’s healthcare system. Indonesia therefore requires its own evidence-based reference to manage premature neonates and ex-preterm infants who subsequently survived. No long-term study on preterm infants in Indonesia has been conducted, therefore we aim to evaluate growth and development on ex-preterm infants until the pre-pubertal stage. Methods We at the Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital (CMGH) designed a prospective cohort study of preterm infants, i.e., the Cohort of Indonesian Preterm Infants for Long-term Outcomes (CIPTO) study. At least 500 subjects will be recruited with an estimation of two-year recruitment (i.e., the recruitment phase will be completed before 2024). The CIPTO study will observe long-term outcomes of ex-preterm infants, primarily on growth and developmental milestones until 8 years old. Aims of this study are to determine the ex-preterm outcomes and to generate an evidence-based reference of preterm care for ensuring optimum outcomes. The pre-specified long-term outcomes in this study are survival rates, growth outcomes, neurodevelopmental outcomes, feeding behavior, as well as hearing and vision impairments. Growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes will be assessed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 24 months of corrected age as well as at 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 years old. Discussion The CIPTO study is the first prospective cohort in Indonesia focusing on preterm infants born at the CMGH. With a follow up until 8 years old, this study may provide useful insights to generate an evidence-based, Indonesia’s health care reference in managing premature infants and ensuring the optimum outcomes of ex-preterm infants.

This study analyzes the factors driving the level of Islamic social reporting. Based on the literature review, it was revealed that the lack of consensus from the drivers of Islamic reporting disclosure in Islamic banks, especially in Indonesia, is different from disclosure in conventional banks where there is a lot of consensus. Empirical analysis uses panel data collection from 12 Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia from 2010 to 2022. To estimate the relationship between variables, EViews 12 is used. The control variables used in this study are profitability and size of Islamic banks. The results of the study show that sharia governance has not been empirically proven to be able to encourage the extent of Islamic social reporting in Islamic banks. The results of the study did not find empirical evidence that the performance of maqashid sharia related to educating individuals and establishing justice is not a driver that has an impact on the reach of Islamic social reporting. However, the performance of maqashid sharia in the form of promoting welfare through the amount of zakat funds channeled by Islamic banks has been proven empirically to influence the extent of Islamic social reporting. ROE and ROA have no significant effect on Islamic social reporting, while the size of Islamic banks has a positive and significant effect on the extent of Islamic social reporting of Islamic banks in Indonesia.

Climate change as a part of environmental degradation has become a topic widely discussed in recent decades. This study analyses the relationship between corporate environmental performance and corporate financial performance by studying cases at the company level. The company level was chosen to focus the research since companies are the main actors in economic activity as producers of both goods and services. The method used is unbalanced panel data regression with the Random Effects Model with a sample of 175 firms from 2003 to 2021 in 20 countries. This research also captures the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Empirical results show that there is no nonlinear relationship between corporate environmental performance and corporate financial performance with the Lind-Mehlum test. It indicates that there is a trade-off between profit and the environment. As such, the effort of businesses to drive investors from the profit-oriented to become green-oriented needs significant effort. A key policy priority should therefore be the long-term reinforcement of businesses in green activities.

African Swine Fever Virus (ASF) is a viral disease in pigs that affects the supply of food of animal origin. ASF is caused by a double-stranded DNA virus of the family Asfarviridae and genus Asfivirus, which can be transmitted and causes various bleeding events in the internal organs and is accompanied by a very high mortality rate. This disease is generally characterized by fever, lack of appetite, and bleeding from the skin, back, and legs. Even though this virus is not zoonotic and cannot be transmitted to humans, it is fatal and causes tremendous economic loss. This disease spread throughout Asia in a relatively short time in 2019, and it has even been reported that this disease has entered Indonesia since the end of 2019. The impact of this infection resulted in socioeconomic changes in both rural and urban communities, which could then affect the country's economy at the macro level. Several countries are needed in their efforts to control ASF, one of which is to increase quarantine, limit the traffic of pigs, and reduce the population of sick pigs exposed to the ASF virus.

Collecting Islamic bank funds with mudharabah contracts, such as mudharabah deposits, will offer depositors a profit-sharing rate. This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the deter- minants of the profit-sharing rate for mudharabah deposits. The determinants in this study are non-per- forming financing, operational efficiency, capital adequacy, and third-party funds. The sample used in this study was 11 Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia from 2015-2019. The results show that only capital adequacy affects the profit-sharing rate for mudharabah deposits. The increase in the capital adequacy ra- tio of Islamic banks in the study period significantly impacted the decrease in the rate of profit-sharing on deposits received by third parties, especially from 2017 to 2018. The results also show that non-perform- ing financing, operational efficiency, and third-party funds do not affect profit-sharing deposits. Problem financing and operational efficiency are still the main problems Islamic banks face in Indonesia, so they do not impact the profit-sharing rate for mudharabah deposits. Third-party funds also tend to decrease during the study period so that it does not impact the profit-sharing rate for mudharabah deposits. The study’s findings are expected to generate theoretical contributions to scientific development in concepts and empirical research in the Islamic banking sector, practical contributions to Islamic banks in their op- erational activities, and policy contributions to regulators in setting policies in the Islamic banking sector.

Air quality is a crucial parameter in human life. One air quality indicator can be observed through Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD). If these substances are pollutants such as particulate matter, aerosols, and ozone, it is confident that air quality will deteriorate, threatening human health and causing climate change. AOD monitoring can be used as a basis for policymakers and related parties to maintain the stability of air quality in the atmosphere. Many ground observation stations monitor air quality by obtaining data on PM2.5 and PM10 aerosol particles. However, the number of ground stations is limited, resulting in incomplete data. Fortunately, remote sensing satellites have the advantage of covering large areas and providing continuous observations, with the ability to gather information on large-scale aerosol and obtain spatiotemporal distribution. Therefore, this research aims to obtain AOD through Himawari-8 and analyze the spatiotemporal air quality in urban areas of West Java based on AOD. The research methodology used in this study is descriptive analysis with an empirical research approach. Assisted by remote sensing technology and Geographic Information Systems, this research generates AOD data extraction that can be obtained from the new generation satellite of Himawari-8. The distribution of AOD levels and spatiotemporal monitoring in urban areas of West Java is very dynamic depending on anthropogenic activity in a particular area and time. Keywords: Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Air Quality, Himawari-8

In oil palm growth, planting density has a sustainable impact on its productivity. To enhance the long-term growth and production yield of oil palm, it is crucial to consider the establishment of appropriate planting densities during the initial planting phase. This research explores the relationship between planting density and productivity, highlighting the importance of determining optimal plant densities for optimal yields. The study was conducted at the Muara Tawang Estate (MTNE) in Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan Province. Two blocks of oil palm land with three different planting densities (130, 136, and 143 plants per hectare) were observed to understand the relationship between planting density and agronomic characteristics. Measurements were taken on plant height, frond length, petiole width, number of male and female flowers, and sex ratio. The analysis unveiled consistent trends in oil palm production, which varied based on planting density. Planting densities of 130 and 136 showed superior production trends compared to 143, with 136 demonstrating production increases ranging from 19.8% to 29.8% relative to density 143, alongside enhancements in plant height and frond length by 4.6% and 5.4%, respectively. Additionally, petiole thickness and width were notably lower in density 143, experiencing reductions of 8.0% and 11.0%, respectively, compared to density 136, while the sex ratio exhibited a similar pattern, declining by 34.0% in density 143 compared to 136. This highlights the importance of determining appropriate planting densities to enhance oil palm productivity.

Abstract Background Excessive use of mobile phones leading to development of symptoms suggestive of dependence syndrome with teenagers are far more likely to become dependent on mobile phones as compared to adults. COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on the mental health of several groups in society, especially university students. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of mobile phone dependence among university students and its associated factors. Methods Between September 2021 and January 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted at universities in Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt, Bahrain, and Saudi Arabia utilizing an online and paper-based self-administered questionnaire. We employed a previously developed questionnaire by Aggarwal et al. Results A total of 5,720 university students were involved in this study (Egypt = 2813, Saudi Arabia = 1509, Jordan = 766, Lebanon = 432, and Bahrain = 200). The mean estimated daily time spent on using mobile phone was 186.4 (94.4) minutes. The highest mobile dependence score was observed for the university students from Egypt and the lowest mobile dependence score was observed for the university students from Lebanon. The most common dependence criteria across the study sample was impaired control (55.6%) and the least common one was harmful use (25.1%). Females and those reported having anxiety problem or using a treatment for anxiety were at higher risk of developing mobile phone dependence by 15% and 75%, respectively. Conclusion Mobile phone dependence is common among university students in Arab countries in the Middle East region. Future studies exploring useful interventions to decrease mobile phone dependence are warranted.

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the antecedents and consequences of performance based on the maqashid sharia index in Islamic banks in Indonesia. The maqashid sharia index in the literature and previous empirical research is limited to its use in the aspect of performance measurement only. This study seeks new insights into the antecedents and consequences of Islamic bank performance based on the Islamic maqashid index. The antecedent studied is the characteristics of the sharia supervisory board, while the consequences studied are Islamic social reporting. This study examines the effect of the sharia supervisory board on the maqashid sharia index in Islamic banks in Indonesia. In addition, this study also examines the effect of the maqashid sharia index on Islamic social reporting. The research sample is 11 Islamic banks in Indonesia within four years (2015-2018). This study found that the characteristics of the sharia supervisory board had a significant effect on the maqashid sharia index. The better the characteristics of the sharia supervisory board the higher the maqashid sharia index is. In addition, the maqashid sharia index has a significant effect on Islamic social reporting, meaning that the higher the maqashid sharia index, the better Islamic social reporting. The first implication is that it requires Islamic banks to pay attention to fair returns, avoid prohibited products and services, and eliminate harmful elements that result in injustice. The second implication is that it requires Islamic banks to seek to increase their profitability, redistribution of profits and welfare, and investment in the real sector.

Background Lung recruitment maneuvers (LRMs) are a strategy to gradually increase mean positive airway pressure (MAP) to expand the alveoli, leading to decreased pulmonary vascular resistance and increased cardiac output (CO). However, the hemodynamic impact of LRM using assist control volume guarantee (AC-VG) ventilator mode done in preterm infants born at 24 to 32 weeks’ gestation, especially in the first 72 hours of life, remains unknown. Objective To determine the effect of LRM on right- and left cardiac ventricular output (RVO and LVO), ductus arteriosus (DA) diameter and its pulmonary hypertension (PH) flow pattern, as well as superior mesenteric artery (SMA) flow. Method This randomized, controlled, single-blinded clinical trial was performed in 24-32-week preterm neonates with birth weights of >600 grams. Subjects were allocated by block randomization to the LRM and control groups, each containing 55 subjects. We measured RVO, LVO, DA diameter, PH flow pattern, and SMA resistive index (RI) at 1 and 72 hours after mechanical ventilation was applied. We analyzed for hemodynamic differences between the two groups. Results During the initial 72 hours of mechanical ventilation, there were no significant differences between the control vs. LRM groups in mean changes of LVO [41.40 (SD 91.21) vs. 15.65 (SD 82.39) mL/kg/min, respectively; (P=0.138)] or mean changes of RVO [65.56 (SD 151.20) vs. 70.59 (SD 133.95) mL/kg/min, respectively; (P=0.859)]. Median DA diameter reduction was -0.08 [interquartile range (IQR) -0.55; 0.14] mm in the control group and -0.10 (IQR -0.17 to -0.01) mm in the LRM group (P=0.481). Median SMA resistive index was 0.02 (IQR -0.16 to 0.24) vs. 0.01(IQR -0.20 to 0.10) in the control vs. LRM group, respectively. There was no difference in proportion of pulmonary hypertension flow pattern at 72 hours (25.4% vs. 20% in the control vs. LRM group, respectively) (P=0.495). Conclusion When preterm infants of 24-32 weeks gestational age are placed on mechanical ventilation, LRM gives neither additional hemodynamic benefit nor harm compared to standard ventilator settings.

Abstract Background There is a large and growing unmet need for rehabilitation – a diverse category of services that aim to improve functioning across the life course – particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Yet despite urgent calls to increase political commitment, many low- and middle-income country governments have dedicated little attention to expanding rehabilitation services. Existing policy scholarship explains how and why health issues reach the policy agenda and offers applicable evidence to advance access to physical, medical, psychosocial, and other types of rehabilitation services. Drawing from this scholarship and empirical data on rehabilitation, this paper proposes a policy framework to understand national-level prioritization of rehabilitation in low- and middle-income countries. Methods We conducted key informant interviews with rehabilitation stakeholders in 47 countries, complemented by a purposeful review of peer-reviewed and gray literature to achieve thematic saturation. We analyzed the data abductively using a thematic synthesis methodology. Rehabilitation-specific findings were triangulated with policy theory and empirical case studies on the prioritization of other health issues to develop the framework. Results The novel policy framework includes three components which shape the prioritization of rehabilitation on low- and middle-income countries’ national government’s health agendas. First, rehabilitation lacks a consistent problem definition, undermining the development of consensus-driven solutions which could advance the issue on policy agendas. Second, governance arrangements are fragmented within and across government ministries, between the government and its citizens, and across national and transnational actors engaged in rehabilitation service provision. Third, national legacies – particularly from civil conflict – and weaknesses in the existing health system influences both rehabilitation needs and implementation feasibility. Conclusions This framework can support stakeholders in identifying the key components impeding prioritization for rehabilitation across different national contexts. This is a crucial step for ultimately better advancing the issue on national policy agendas and improving equity in access to rehabilitation services.

Abstract Soymilk is generally processed by a pasteurization process. Pasteurization itself is a method that is widely known in the processing industry as a method to kill microorganisms using high temperatures or commonly referred to as thermal methods that result in damage to physical and chemical components. Therefore, a non-thermal pasteurization process such as high pulsed electric field (HPEF) is needed to maintain product quality attributes. The purpose of this study is to determine the shelf life of soymilk treated by using organoleptic test. About 20 panellists evaluated the quality of soymilk based on color and flavour. Results showed that the HPEF treatment did not change the color and aroma of soybean juice products for 11 hours. It can extend the shelf life of soybean juice for 1 hour compared to the thermal pasteurization process. Abstrak Susu kedelai pada umumnya diolah dengan proses pasteurisasi. Pasteurisasi sendiri merupakan sebuah metode yang banyak dikenal dalam industri pengolahan sebagai metode untuk membunuh mikroorganisme menggunakan suhu tinggi atau biasa disebut dengan metode termal yang mengakibatkan kerusakan komponen fisik serta kimiawi. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan proses pasteurisasi non-termal seperti high pulsed electric field (HPEF) yang dapat menjaga atribut mutu produk. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji umur simpan susu kedelai yang diberi perlakuan metode pasteurisasi dengan uji organoleptik. Sebanyak 20 orang panelis memberikan penilaian terhadap sampel susu secara deskriptif berdasarkan kriteria warna dan aroma. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan HPEF tidak merubah warna dan aroma dari susu kedelai sampai 11 jam. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa metode HPEF dapat memperpanjang umur simpan susu kedelai selama 1 jam dibandingan metode pasteurisasi termal.

HIGHLIGHTS • There were no significant differences in TMSC, sperm motility, sperm morphology, and DFI in sperm preparation using the swim-up method at 27°C and 37°C. However, this study provided an overview of the average improvement of DFI at 27°C compared to 37°C. • There was no significant difference in the pregnancy rate of IUI in sperm preparation using the swim-up method at 27°C and 37°C. ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of temperature during sperm preparation on total sperm motile count (TMSC), sperm motility, sperm morphology, DNA fragmentation index (DFI), and pregnancy rate. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental laboratory study with pre- and post-test control group was conducted at Sekar Fertility Clinic, Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia. A total of 20 sperm samples from infertile patients were prepared using the swim-up method at 27°C (group 1) and 37°C (group 2). TMSC, motility, morphology, and DFI examinations were performed. In addition, IUI was performed to confirm pregnancy rate. Sperm DNA fragmentation was determined using Sperm Chromatin Dispersion/SpermFunc DNAf test. Sperm DNA fragmentation was characterized by a halo

This study aimed to examine the role of group-based contempt and the Dark Triad of personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) in the intention to participate in non-normative collective action in the Save KPK (Save the Indonesian Corruption Eradication Commission) movement. The data was collected via the distribution of an online questionnaire and on-campus recruitment of university students. A total of 409 students were involved as the participants through a purposive sampling strategy. The multiple regression tests found that only the variables group-based contempt and psychopathy significantly could predict non-normative collective action, albeit partially; the other Dark Triad variables (Machiavellianism and narcissism), in this case, were found to be insignificant. A path analysis model showed that Machiavellianism and psychopathy could significantly predict non-normative collective action under the mediation of group-based contempt. Narcissism was found to have no significance. This study results, by considering the Dark Triad and emotional factors, help people understand why and how individuals or groups of students commit violence.

In most developing countries, renewable energy still cannot compete with fossil-based electricity generation costs. Compared to various measures to support renewable energy deployment, fiscal instruments can be considered the most promising tool in emerging economies. Fiscal instrument effectiveness in renewable energy development in developing countries is still underemphasized in the literature. Using the case of Indonesia, this study aims to simulate how different fiscal incentives can affect the economic price of renewable energy by employing six types of fiscal incentive scenarios, namely tax reduction including the tax holiday, tax allowance, value-added tax reduction and subsidy policy consisting of the cost of debt subsidy (soft loan), exemption of land acquisition costs, and project development facility. Using a typical financial model for 66 projects of solar photovoltaic and wind technology provided in Indonesia’s ten years national electricity plan, the findings generate two major outcomes. First, compared to other incentive policies, tax holiday and tax allowance are the most significant policies that would reduce the electricity price of renewables in Indonesia. Second, solar photovoltaic is relatively more sensitive in response to fiscal intervention compared to wind technology. The findings would be of high value to support specific strategies toward energy transition in developing countries.