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Previous research suggests that sport media provide one avenue for boys and girls to learn what and who is valued in sport. We explored girl and boy athletes’ perceptions of photographs of female college athletes, which provided insight into young athletes gendered perceptions of athletes and sport. Sixty-nine sportskids participated in focus group interviews where they discussed what they liked and disliked about a series of photographs of college female athletes. Framed by feminist cultural studies, the authors situated their analysis within the current historical moment bounded by young athletes’ post-Title IX and postfeminist sensibilities. The authors present their appraisals of a few exemplar images that characterize themes that appeared across the whole photo collection. Emergent themes included gendered sport terrain, which situates their comments within the gendered milieu of their sport experiences. Data also revealed themes associated with the select images: female athleticism, inspiration versus objectification, transgressing heteronormative femininity, and sporty cute. Overall, both girls and boys struggled with images that were interpreted as too feminine or too muscular/masculine. These data also point to how little has changed in the past 50 years regarding how female athletes are culturally constructed. While the borders of acceptability may have shifted, female athletes continue tenuous navigation of socially acceptable boundaries of athleticism, femininity, and muscularity while masculine privilege in sport continues and the presence of females in sport is framed by a heterosexual male gaze.

This paper critically analyses how postfeminist discourse plays out in media constructions of politician New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern becoming a mother while in office. Data for this project include Ardern's public announcements of her pregnancy, her daughter's birth, and responses to questions regarding being a working mother. Alongside Ardern's framing of becoming a working mother, we also analyze how mainstream media reported on and sought meaning around her story. We are guided by the questions: How do different feminisms materialize in Ardern's case and how do they help us make sense of working and mothering in postfeminist times? Our analysis contributes to gender and organizational literature by teasing out the tensions and possibilities that emerge for a feminist politics of mothering and working.

Many public organizations think of themselves as brands and engage in branding to increase their attractiveness. Often this is seen as a good practice, but this paper takes a more skeptical view and interrogates the value of place branding expertise for public organizations. Through observation of a place branding conference, drawing on some principles from ethnomethodology, this paper provides clues to what the place branding profession constructs as “good” and legitimate expertise and the norms that guide their work. We identified two levels of legitimate place branding expertise: Mimicry and Artistry. Mimicry signifies imitation of already institutionalized ideas and practices, and proficiency in supplying beautiful yet detached and superficial representations of cities. Artistry refers to place branding that stands out as brilliant and inventive, encompassing unexpected play with symbols and creative combination of branding models. We argue that both these levels of expertise may be at odds with civic values of city government such as inclusion and representativeness. Our study concludes that the ways in which the branders construct expertise risks deflecting attention from the core problems of a place or a city and separating place branding from city management practice.

This project explores student veterans’ perceptions of the strengths they bring to a university and how those strengths affect their academic performances. We employed mixed methods by conducting a...

Background The single leg sit-to-stand test (SLSTST) is a functional test that assesses quadriceps strength. The original SLSTST was used to diagnose lumbar nerve root impingement/radiculopathy - specifically at the L3 and L4 level. The original SLSTST used one repetition as the requirement for a successful test, therefore it may not identify quadriceps weakness in highly functional individuals with or recovering from an athletic injury. Purpose/hypothesis The purpose of this study was to determine the interrater and test-retest reliability of two new SLSTSTs, one for maximum number of repetitions over 30 seconds and one for time to complete five repetitions. Study design Cross-sectional, reliability study. Methods Twenty healthy college-aged individuals (12 males, age: 22.5 years ± 1.37, height: 1.72 m ± 0.09; weight: 70.2 kg ± 11.0) participated in the study. Two testing sessions were held three to seven days apart, and two second-year physical therapy students served as examiners. The objective of the 30-second SLSTST was for the participant to perform as many single leg sit-to-stand repetitions they could in thirty seconds, while the five repetitions SLSTST measured how quickly the subjects could perform five single leg sit to stand repetitions. Both lower extremities were tested and Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) were calculated to determine reliability. Results Both SLSTSTs were found to have excellent interrater and good to excellent test-retest reliability. The 30-second SLSTSTs had inter-rater ICC = 0.99 on the right and 0.98 on the left while the test-retest ICCs ranged from 0.92 to 0.94. The five repetition SLSTSTs had an inter-rater ICC = .99 on both legs while the test-retest ICC ranged from 0.87 to 0.94. Conclusions The results of the current study indicate that the two new SLSTSTs had good to excellent test-retest and excellent inter-rater reliability. However, more research is needed to determine if SLSTSTs can be used to identify quadriceps weakness in individuals with recovering from an athletic injury or to be used as a return-to-sport (RTS) assessment. Levels of evidence Level 2.

Aims Interleukin-9 (IL-9) attenuates podocyte injury in experimental kidney disease, but its role in diabetic nephropathy is unknown. We sought to relate urinary IL-9 levels to the release of podocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in youth with type 1 diabetes. We related urinary IL-9 levels to clinical variables and studied interactions between urinary IL-9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) on urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) a functional measure of podocyte injury. Methods We performed an analysis of urine samples and clinical data from a cohort of youth with type 1 diabetes (n = 53). Cytokines were measured using a Luminex platform (Eve Technologies), and nanoscale flow cytometry was employed to quantify urinary podocyte-derived EVs. All urinary measures were normalized to urinary creatinine. Results Mean age was 14.7 ± 1.6 years, and the mean time from diagnosis was 6.7 ± 2.9 years. Mean HbA1c was 70.3 ± 13.9 mmol/mol, mean ACR was 1.3 ± 1.9 mg/mmol, and mean eGFR was 140.3 ± 32.6 ml/min/1.73 m2. IL-9 was inversely related to podocyte EVs (r = − 0.56, p = 0.003). IL-9 was also inversely related to blood glucose, HbA1C and eGFR (r = − 0.44, p = 0.002; r = − 0.41, p = 0.003; r = − 0.49, p r = 0.30, p = 0.04). There was a significant interaction between IL-9, EVs and ACR (p = 0.0143), and the relationship between IL-9 and ACR depended on VEGF (p = 0.0083), TNFα (p = 0.0231) and IL-6 levels (p = 0.0178). Conclusions IL-9 is associated with podocyte injury in early type 1 diabetes, and there are complex interactions between urinary IL-9, inflammatory cytokines and ACR.

BACKGROUND In an era of growing healthcare costs, there is increased pressure on medical care providers to discharge patients once they are medically fit. However, it is not uncommon for patients to stay beyond medical readiness (BMR). OBJECTIVE To analyze the frequency with which patients remain in the hospital BMR. METHODS A prospective cohort analysis utilizing a database maintained between 2014 and 2015 included 718 adults admitted to the neurosurgical service. The attending for admitted patients was asked on a daily basis as to whether the patient was medically cleared for discharge. Standard statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS Of the 718 patients, 105 (14.6%) remained in the hospital BMR. Of the patients who presented with a spinal pathology, 17.8% had a length of stay (LOS)-BMR compared to 13.9% who presented with cerebrovascular pathologies and 14.8% who presented with a brain tumor. The average LOS-BMR was 1.8 d. Only 7.7% of patients who were discharged home had an LOS-BMR compared to 30.7% of patients who were discharged to a skilled nursing facility or rehabilitation center (P

Extending Krane et al.’s (2010) research, 17 college female athletes created their own photo shoots and were interviewed about their self-representations. The images and interviews were ana...

Seen through the growth of progressive diversity policies it may appear that contemporary organizations are sites of equality. But although inclusion is the formally stated aim of many organizations, exclusionary pressures toward LGBT workers still challenge sexual minorities' access to full inclusion. A central concern in this paper is exploring how to understand inclusion in organizational contexts where inclusion is formally advocated, and yet where both inclusionary and exclusionary pressures exist. Drawing on an interview study of Swedish gay and lesbian police officers we present the concept ‘peripheral inclusion' as a way to understand inclusion in contemporary organizational life. In addition, we theorize that the dynamics between silencing and voice is a key mode that impacts the informal ways in which exclusion and inclusion occur. We thereby contribute to previous research on inclusion that has focused on the degree to which minorities are included by conceptualizing the mode in which inclusion occurs in everyday work. Studying modes and degrees of inclusion and exclusion in relation to each other highlights how inclusion is a collective and fragile process in which inclusionary and exclusionary pressures coexist, and that questions of who and what is included in contemporary organizations are shifting and open questions.

This essay offers a contemporary overview of issues in organizational identity, organizational identification, difference, and branding, including references to personal experience, work trends, and popular culture. Along the way, we consider how certain intellectual traditions remain relevant today, as well as identify research exemplars for challenges to accustomed notions of identity in and around organizations. We conclude with some suggestions for reflection on research and practice, and with a series of discussion questions for students and other readers.

Importance There is a critical need for careful and independent validation of reported symptomatic efficacy and dopaminergic biomarker changes induced by nilotinib in Parkinson disease (PD). Objectives To assess safety and tolerability of nilotinib in participants with moderately advanced PD. Secondary and exploratory objectives were to assess its affect on PD disability, pharmacokinetics, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) penetration, and biomarkers. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a 6-month, multicenter, randomized parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Recruitment was from November 20, 2017, to December 28, 2018, and follow-up ended on September 9, 2019. The study was conducted at 25 US sites. The study approached 173 patients, of whom 48 declined, 125 were screened, and 76 who received a stable regimen of PD medications were enrolled (39% screen failure). Interventions Participants were randomized 1:1:1 to placebo, 150-mg nilotinib, or 300-mg nilotinib once daily orally for 6 months, followed by 2-month off-drug evaluation. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were safety and tolerability. The tolerability end point was defined as the ability to complete the study while receiving the assigned dose. An active arm was considered tolerable if the percentage of participants meeting the tolerability end point for that group was not significantly lower than the percentage observed in the placebo group. Secondary outcomes included change in PD disability (Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale [MDS-UPDRS], Part II OFF/ON). Exploratory outcomes included serum and CSF pharmacokinetic profile, and CSF dopaminergic biomarkers. Results At baseline, mean (SD) participants’ age was 64.6 (7.5) years, 52 were male (68%), mean (SD) disease duration was 9.9 years (4.7), MDS-UPDRS Part 1-3 OFF score was 66.4 (19.3), ON score was 48.4 (16.2), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment score was 27.1 (2.2). The number of participants who completed the study receiving the assigned dose were 21 (84%), 19 (76%), and 20 (77%) in the placebo, 150-mg, and 300-mg arms, respectively. Both active doses had acceptable safety profile. The most common reasons for drug suspension were asymptomatic, dose-dependent elevations of amylase, and/or lipase. Nilotinib, 150 mg and 300 mg, exhibited worse MDS-UPDRS-3 ON scores compared with placebo, achieving significance for nilotinib, 300 mg, at month 1 (P Conclusions and Relevance While we demonstrated acceptable safety and tolerability of nilotinib in our cohort, the low CSF exposure and lack of biomarkers effect combined with the efficacy data trending in the negative direction indicate that nilotinib should not be further tested in PD. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT03205488

This article explores how postfeminist and prosperity gospel discourses intersect in an organizational context to produce a particular ideal of feminine subjectivity that reproduces a neoliberal agenda. We focus on narratives written by female national vice presidents in a multi-national network marketing organization headquartered in America. Network marketing tends to attract a vast number of women who are enticed by grand messages of material and spiritual riches; however, such messages are often at odds with the precarious and uncertain working conditions. We contribute to gender and organization scholarship by introducing the concept of evangelical entrepreneurial femininity to explore the tensions and demands that are placed on women in an organizational context where postfeminism and prosperity gospel discourses intersect. In doing so, we question the expectations and constraints that many working women negotiate in this neoliberal age of alleged ‘freedom’ and ‘equality,’ and raise a number of concerns for feminist critique.

This article explores how the occupation of branding and the work it encompasses are discursively constituted and ‘made up’. It starts with the premise that branding is a cultural intermediary occupation about whose norms and practices we cannot assume certainty, stability or homogeneity. The study illustrates how branding is comprised of multiple social and occupational discourses, namely, ‘creativity’, ‘discovery’, ‘business’ and ‘morality’. Rather than stand alone, these discourses dynamically interweave and intersect. Consequently, branding emerges as an occupation with distinct liminal conditions, being simultaneously about art, science, business and social relational work. Instead of moving towards stability, our findings suggest that branding is an intermediary occupation that sustains rather than discontinues liminality and that enduring liminality lends itself to the non-distinctiveness of the occupation. For branders, occupying a liminal occupational position implies various challenges but similarly scopes for flexibility and autonomy.

INTRODUCTION As a step toward evaluating the association between Epstein-Barr virus genetic diversity and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), we conducted a preliminary study to compare the genetic diversity of the EBNA-1 gene among transplant patients and patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM). METHODS We sequenced the EBNA-1 gene in blood samples from study subjects using Sanger methodology. The sequences were aligned with a reference strain and compared with publicly available sequences. RESULTS We analyzed 33 study samples and 25 publicly available sequences along with the reference strain B95-8. The evaluable samples were from sixteen patients with IM (median age 14.0 years, range 2-24) and 17 transplant patients. There were six children without PTLD (median age 1.93 years, range 0.79-7.46) and 11 who developed PTLD (median age 5.67 years, range 0.96-17.45). A predominant EBNA-1 variant (P-thr) was identified across the study groups. Differences were observed between the samples from the IM patients compared with the transplant samples. CONCLUSION The predominant EBNA-1 strain is in contrast to reports of the predominant strain in North America. The results suggest differences between the EBNA-1 strains among the study groups. Further studies will examine the relationship between EBNA-1 strains and PTLD occurrence and outcomes.

This paper explores how men who perform intimate labour negotiate perceptions of themselves and their work through complex intersections of masculinity, proximity and propriety. Its focus is on the ways in which embodied organizational negotiations are shaped by gendered perceptions of bodily propriety in three examples of physically, sexually and/or emotionally intimate forms of labour: male massage therapists; men who work in sex shops; and men working as Santa Claus performers. While ostensibly quite different forms of work, each is shaped by the expectation that a ‘quality’ interaction with customers or clients will be based upon the nurturance of a close physical, sexual and/or emotional bond between the service provider and recipient, at the same time as maintaining appropriate bodily boundaries and professional distance. Mediating both imperatives requires a careful negotiation of being appropriately close while at the same time understanding that social perceptions of their work, themselves as workers, and their interactions with customers and clients mean that they are frequently under heightened scrutiny, requiring constant vigilance on their part. Drawing on insights from phenomenological writing on embodiment, specifically Merleau-Ponty’s (2002 [1945]) Phenomenology of Perception, the analysis considers the ways in which intersections between masculinity, propriety and proximity are perceived and negotiated in intimate forms of labour, reflecting on instances when a touch becomes ‘too much’. It considers what these instances reveal to us about gendered experiences of embodiment within organizations and the importance of perception in understanding embodied negotiations of workplace intimacy.

This study investigates the lived experience of one transwoman, Claire, a public advocate and a manager with client services responsibilities. We examine Claire's story in order to discuss how situated contexts, such as different roles, locales and interactions, shape the way she experiences and perceives her trans body and gender identity. In particular, our analysis centres on how Claire's lived experience of personal and professional life shift across three different situated contexts, each enabling and constraining opportunities for political transgression. Our findings contribute to existing conversations within queer theory, transgender and organization studies by highlighting how situated contexts mediate the political potential of queer bodies at work. By developing the concept ‘situated transgressiveness’, this article challenges notions of transgender as a stable, ideal disruptive category and advances a more contextually sensitive approach to understanding the contingency of transgender lives and politics. Such insights are important in facilitating more nuanced understandings of the situatedness of transgression and transgender bodies within work and professional settings.

This chapter explores gay and lesbian police officers’ stories of marginalization and the limits of inclusive diversity policies in the Swedish police. The analysis aims to go beyond the level of policy and formal training and consider mechanisms of exclusion and marginalization on the level of personal stories based on lived experience. Drawing on an interview study of gay and lesbian police officers in Sweden, this chapter argues that the limits of inclusion can be found in the stories told by these members. While the formal policy of the Swedish police does not set up any obstacles for inclusion of gays and lesbians, the stories told by the officers provide insight into other mechanisms of exclusion and marginalization. This analysis of the stories—which are divided into “old” stories from the 1980 and 1990s and “new” stories from the 2000s—indicates that explicit silencing and exclusion characterized the old stories, while the new stories were characterized by stigmatization, marginalization and an increase in voice.

The ability to sequence entire genomes at the level of single cells (SCs) is an essential tool for mapping heterogeneity in cancer. Knowledge of this variability provides insight into cancer dynamics and the efficacy of therapeutics. Copy number variant (CNV) analysis requires only sparse coverage creating an affordable means for measuring cellular differences genome-wide. However, current approaches to SC DNA sequencing suffer from low throughput, cumbersome workflows and remain accessible to only a few select laboratories. We have developed a microfluidic, partitioning-based solution that allows sensitive CNV detection of thousands of SCs concomitantly. Isolated cells or nuclei are treated to gain complete accessibility to genomic DNA then co-partitioned along with gel beads supporting oligonucleotide barcodes. Barcoded fragments, representing genomic abundance, are generated and converted into Illumina-compatible libraries. The workflow supports various sample types including primary cells, cultured cells, tissue-dissociated cells and nuclei extracted from flash-frozen tissues. Accompanying this platform we have also developed a scalable bioinformatics pipeline for genome alignment, normalization, copy-number detection, and clustering of SC profiles. Using clusters for CNV analysis we can reliably detect 100 kb scale events and, in large clones, identify CNV events down to tens of kilobases with high confidence. Analysis of our SC whole-genome sequencing data shows excellent coverage uniformity, comparable to leading plate-based SC amplification techniques. To validate the accuracy of CNV detection, calls are measured against orthogonal data from well-characterized cell lines including RPMI8226, HCC1954, and HCC1143 and high concordance is observed. Furthermore, we are able to observe multiple clones including CNVs in normal cell lines GM12878 and BJ suggesting absolute cell line validation requires whole-genome SC sequencing. Evaluating nuclei extracted from stage 1 breast carcinoma and stage 1 renal cell carcinoma we find clones exhibiting common somatic mutations. Furthermore, many cells exhibit extensive genomic heterogeneity, effects we attribute to DNA replication, with the frequency of such events elevated in fast growing samples such as tumors or fresh cell cultures. In conclusion, we demonstrate a novel droplet-based system that permits scalable CNV calling at the SC level enabling high resolution characterization of intra-tumor heterogeneity. It is our intention that a reliable and cost-effective system will encourage widespread adoption of SC analysis as a means of characterizing the progression of cancer, lead to more effective treatments and unveil genomic diversity in other genetically heterogenous systems such as neuronal cells, high-passage cell lines and samples from aging populations. Citation Format: Andrew Price, Jon Sorenson, Kamila Belhocine, Claudia Catalanotti, Zeljko Dzakula, Susana Jett, Viajy Kumar, Bill Lin, Tony Makarewicz, Alaina Puleo, Mohammad Rahimi, Sanjam Sawhney, Joe Shuga, Maengseok Song, Katie Sullivan-Bibee, Tobias Wheeler, Yifeng Yin, Michael Schnall-Levin, Rajiv Bharadwaj. A scalable microfluidic platform for determining cellular heterogeneity by copy number detection [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3395.