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3. Unresolved Splenomegaly in Recently Resettled Congolese Refugees — Multiple States, 2015–2018

Author

Zambrano, Laura D., Samson, Olivia, Phares, Christina, Jentes, Emily, Weinberg, Michelle, Goers, Matthew, Kachur, S. Patrick, McDonald, Robert, Morawski, Bozena, Njuguna, Henry, Bakhsh, Yasser, Laws, Rebecca, Peak, Corey, Iverson, Sally Ann, Bezold, Carla, Allkhenfr, Hayder, Horth, Roberta, Yang, Jun, Miller, Susan, Kacka, Michael, Davids, Abby, Mortimer, Margaret, Khan, Nomana, Stauffer, William, and Marano, Nina

Published
2018

5. Mobility restrictions were associated with reductions in COVID-19 incidence early in the pandemic: evidence from a real-time evaluation in 34 countries

Author

Oh, Juhwan, Lee, Hwa-Young, Khuong, Quynh Long, Markuns, Jeffrey F., Bullen, Chris, Barrios, Osvaldo Enrique Artaza, Hwang, Seung-sik, Suh, Young Sahng, McCool, Judith, Kachur, S. Patrick, Chan, Chang-Chuan, Kwon, Soonman, Kondo, Naoki, Hoang, Van Minh, Moon, J. Robin, Rostila, Mikael, Norheim, Ole F., You, Myoungsoon, Withers, Mellissa, Li, Mu, Lee, Eun-Jeung, Benski, Caroline, Park, Sookyung, Nam, Eun-Woo, Gottschalk, Katie, Kavanagh, Matthew M., Tran, Thi Giang Huong, Lee, Jong-Koo, Subramanian, S. V., McKee, Martin, and Gostin, Lawrence O.

Published
2021
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7. Formative research to adapt the 'Diabetes Prevention Program- Power to Prevent' for implementation in Bamako, Mali.

Author

Doumbia, Lancina, Findley, Sally, Ba, Hamidou Oumar, Maiga, Bonkana, Ba, Aissata, Béréthé, Rokiatou Koné, Sangaré, Hadja Madjè, Kachur, S Patrick, Besançon, Stéphane, and Doumbia, Seydou

Subjects
TYPE 2 diabetes, COMMUNITY health workers, DIABETES, MEDICAL care, POOR communities
Abstract

Background: There are few community-level behaviors change interventions for reducing diabetes and hypertension risk in Africa, despite increasing cases of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, this study was designed to adapt the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's "Diabetes Prevention Program Power to Prevent" (DPP-P2P) for use in low-income urban communities of Bamako, Mali. Methods: Feedback was elicited on an initial French PowerPoint adaptation of the DPP-P2P session guidelines from stakeholders at the ministry of health, organizational partners, and medical care providers. Two community health centers in districts with high levels of diabetes or hypertension were selected to assist in developing the Malian adaptation. Focus groups were conducted with 19 community health workers (CHWs) of these centers. Based on feedback from these discussions, more graphics, demonstrations, and role plays were added to the PowerPoint presentations. The 19 CHWs piloted the proposed 12 sessions with 45 persons with diabetes or at-risk patients over a one-month period. Feedback discussions were conducted after each session, and changes in dietary and exercise habits were assessed pre and post participation in the program. This feedback contributed to finalization of a 14-session sequence. Results: The DPP-P2P session guidelines were adapted for use by low-literacy CHWs, converting the written English guidelines into French PowerPoint presentations with extensive use of pictures, role plays and group discussions to introduce diabetes, diet, and exercise concepts appropriately for the Bamako context. CHWs recommendations for a strong family-oriented program led to expanded sessions on eliciting support from all adults in the household. The 45 participants in the pilot adaptation were enthusiastic about the program. At the end of the program, there were significant increases in the frequency of daily exercise, efforts to limit fat intake, and goals for more healthy diets and exercise levels. Conclusion: This study documents how an iterative process of developing the DPP-P2P adaptation led to the development of a culturally appropriate set of materials welcomed by participants and having promise for reaching the low-income, low-literacy population with or at risk for diabetes in Bamako, Mali. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Malaria

Author

Williams, Holly, primary, Schilperoord, Marian, additional, Townes, David A., additional, and Kachur, S. Patrick, additional

Published
2018
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13. Community-based intermittent mass testing and treatment for malaria in an area of high transmission intensity, western Kenya: development of study site infrastructure and lessons learned

Author

Odero, Norbert Awino, Samuels, Aaron M., Odongo, Wycliffe, Abong’o, Bernard, Gimnig, John, Otieno, Kephas, Odero, Christopher, Obor, David, Ombok, Maurice, Were, Vincent, Sang, Tony, Hamel, Mary J., Kachur, S. Patrick, Slutsker, Laurence, Lindblade, Kim A., Kariuki, Simon, and Desai, Meghna

Published
2019
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14. Haematological consequences of acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network pooled analysis of individual patient data

Author

Mansoor, Rashid, Commons, Robert J, Douglas, Nicholas M, Abuaku, Benjamin, Achan, Jane, Adam, Ishag, Adjei, George O, Adjuik, Martin, Alemayehu, Bereket H, Allan, Richard, Allen, Elizabeth N, Anvikar, Anupkumar R, Arinaitwe, Emmanuel, Ashley, Elizabeth A, Ashurst, Hazel, Asih, Puji BS, Bakyaita, Nathan, Barennes, Hubert, Barnes, Karen I, Basco, Leonardo, Bassat, Quique, Baudin, Elisabeth, Bell, David J, Bethell, Delia, Bjorkman, Anders, Boulton, Caroline, Bousema, Teun, Brasseur, Philippe, Bukirwa, Hasifa, Burrow, Rebekah, Carrara, Verena I, Cot, Michel, D'Alessandro, Umberto, Das, Debashish, Das, Sabyasachi, Davis, Timothy ME, Desai, Meghna, Djimde, Abdoulaye A, Dondorp, Arjen M, Dorsey, Grant, Drakeley, Chris J, Duparc, Stephan, Espie, Emmanuelle, Etard, Jean-Francois, Falade, Catherine, Faucher, Jean Francois, Filler, Scott, Fogg, Carole, Fukuda, Mark, Gaye, Oumar, Genton, Blaise, Rahim, Awab Ghulam, Gilayeneh, Julius, Gonzalez, Raquel, Grais, Rebecca F, Grandesso, Francesco, Greenwood, Brian, Grivoyannis, Anastasia, Hatz, Christoph, Hodel, Eva Maria, Humphreys, Georgina S, Hwang, Jimee, Ishengoma, Deus, Juma, Elizabeth, Kachur, S Patrick, Kager, Piet A, Kamugisha, Erasmus, Kamya, Moses R, Karema, Corine, Kayentao, Kassoum, Kazienga, Adama, Kiechel, Jean-Rene, Kofoed, Poul-Erik, Koram, Kwadwo, Kremsner, Peter G, Lalloo, David G, Laman, Moses, Lee, Sue J, Lell, Bertrand, Maiga, Amelia W, Martensson, Andreas, Mayxay, Mayfong, Mbacham, Wilfred, McGready, Rose, Menan, Herve, Menard, Didier, Mockenhaupt, Frank, Moore, Brioni R, Muller, Olaf, Nahum, Alain, Ndiaye, Jean-Louis, Newton, Paul N, Ngasala, Billy E, Nikiema, Frederic, Nji, Akindeh M, Noedl, Harald, Nosten, Francois, Ogutu, Bernhards R, Ojurongbe, Olusola, Osorio, Lyda, Ouedraogo, Jean-Bosco, Owusu-Agyei, Seth, Pareek, Anil, Penali, Louis K, Piola, Patrice, Plucinski, Mateusz, Premji, Zul, Ramharter, Michael, Richmond, Caitlin L, Rombo, Lars, Rosenthal, Philip J, Salman, Sam, Same-Ekobo, Albert, Sibley, Carol, Sirima, Sodiomon B, Smithuis, Frank M, Some, Fabrice A, Staedke, Sarah G, Starzengruber, Peter, Strub-Wourgaft, Nathalie, Sutanto, Inge, Swarthout, Todd D, Syafruddin, Din, Talisuna, Ambrose O, Taylor, Walter R, Temu, Emmanuel A, Thwing, Julie I, Tinto, Halidou, Tjitra, Emiliana, Toure, Offianan A, Tran, T Hien, Ursing, Johan, Valea, Innocent, Valentini, Giovanni, van Vugt, Michele, von Seidlein, Lorenz, Ward, Stephen A, Were, Vincent, White, Nicholas J, Woodrow, Charles J, Yavo, William, Yeka, Adoke, Zongo, Issaka, Simpson, Julie A, Guerin, Philippe J, Stepniewska, Kasia, Price, Ric N, Roper, Cally, Resistance, WorldWide Antimalarial, WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network Falciparum Haematology Study Group, Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Epidémiologie des Maladies Chroniques en zone tropicale (EpiMaCT), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-OmégaHealth (ΩHealth), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Group, WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network Falciparum Haematology Study, Mansoor, R, Ashley, EA, Ashurst, H, Burrow, R, Carrara, VI, Das, D, Dondorp, AM, Humphreys, GS, Lee, SJ, Mayxay, M, McGready, R, Newton, PN, Nosten, F, Richmond, CL, Sibley, C, Smithuis, FM, Taylor, WR, Tran, TH, von Seidlein, L, White, NJ, Woodrow, CJ, Guerin, PJ, Stepniewska, K, Price, RN, AII - Infectious diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, Infectious diseases, APH - Global Health, and APH - Quality of Care

Subjects
Infectious Medicine, Plasmodium falciparum, wh_120, Infektionsmedicin, Severe anaemia, Parasitemia, wa_530, Antimalarials, Non-artemisinin-based therapy, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, qv_256, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Malaria, Falciparum, Child, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Pooled analysis of individual patient data, Anemia, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, Artemisinin-based therapy, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Malaria, wc_750, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4], [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Haemoglobin
Abstract

Background Plasmodium falciparum malaria is associated with anaemia-related morbidity, attributable to host, parasite and drug factors. We quantified the haematological response following treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria to identify the factors associated with malarial anaemia. Methods Individual patient data from eligible antimalarial efficacy studies of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, available through the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network data repository prior to August 2015, were pooled using standardised methodology. The haematological response over time was quantified using a multivariable linear mixed effects model with nonlinear terms for time, and the model was then used to estimate the mean haemoglobin at day of nadir and day 7. Multivariable logistic regression quantified risk factors for moderately severe anaemia (haemoglobin < 7 g/dL) at day 0, day 3 and day 7 as well as a fractional fall ≥ 25% at day 3 and day 7. Results A total of 70,226 patients, recruited into 200 studies between 1991 and 2013, were included in the analysis: 50,859 (72.4%) enrolled in Africa, 18,451 (26.3%) in Asia and 916 (1.3%) in South America. The median haemoglobin concentration at presentation was 9.9 g/dL (range 5.0–19.7 g/dL) in Africa, 11.6 g/dL (range 5.0–20.0 g/dL) in Asia and 12.3 g/dL (range 6.9–17.9 g/dL) in South America. Moderately severe anaemia (Hb < 7g/dl) was present in 8.4% (4284/50,859) of patients from Africa, 3.3% (606/18,451) from Asia and 0.1% (1/916) from South America. The nadir haemoglobin occurred on day 2 post treatment with a mean fall from baseline of 0.57 g/dL in Africa and 1.13 g/dL in Asia. Independent risk factors for moderately severe anaemia on day 7, in both Africa and Asia, included moderately severe anaemia at baseline (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 16.10 and AOR = 23.00, respectively), young age (age < 1 compared to ≥ 12 years AOR = 12.81 and AOR = 6.79, respectively), high parasitaemia (AOR = 1.78 and AOR = 1.58, respectively) and delayed parasite clearance (AOR = 2.44 and AOR = 2.59, respectively). In Asia, patients treated with an artemisinin-based regimen were at significantly greater risk of moderately severe anaemia on day 7 compared to those treated with a non-artemisinin-based regimen (AOR = 2.06 [95%CI 1.39–3.05], p < 0.001). Conclusions In patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, the nadir haemoglobin occurs 2 days after starting treatment. Although artemisinin-based treatments increase the rate of parasite clearance, in Asia they are associated with a greater risk of anaemia during recovery.

Published
2022

20. Real World Evidence of Trace, Test, Isolation, and Quarantine Impact on the COVID-19 Pandemic Response Performance

Author

Oh, Juhwan, primary, Hwang, Seungsik, additional, Long, Khuong Quynh, additional, Kim, Minkyung, additional, Park, Kunhee, additional, Kwon, Seunghyun, additional, Artaza Barrios, Osvaldo Enrique, additional, Torres, Irene, additional, Kavanagh, Matthew, additional, Kondo, Naoki, additional, Kachur, S. Patrick, additional, Van, Minh Hoang, additional, Xu, Dong Roman, additional, Rostila, Mikael, additional, Benski, Caroline, additional, Withers, Mellissa, additional, Leerapan, Borwornsom, additional, You, Myoungsoon, additional, Machado, Cristiani Vieira, additional, Chan, Chang-Chuan, additional, Lee, Hwa-Young, additional, Shin, Jeonghyun, additional, Jeong, Hyejin, additional, Kim, Sung-In, additional, Kim, Soon Ae, additional, Park, Soo Kyung, additional, McCool, Judith, additional, Gostin, Lawrence O., additional, Subramanian, S. V., additional, Markuns, Jeffrey F., additional, Hong, Yun-Chul, additional, Bullen, Chris, additional, Lee, Jong-Koo, additional, and McKee, Martin, additional

Published
2021
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21. Comparison of artemether-lumefantrine and chloroquine with and without primaquine for the treatment of Plasmodium vivax infection in Ethiopia: A randomized controlled trial

Author

Abreha, Tesfay, Hwang, Jimee, Thriemer, Kamala, Tadesse, Yehualashet, Girma, Samuel, Melaku, Zenebe, Assef, Ashenafi, Kassa, Moges, Chatfield, Mark D., Landman, Keren Z., Chenet, Stella M., Lucchi, Naomi W., Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam, Zhou, Zhiyong, Shi, Ya Ping, Kachur, S. Patrick, Jima, Daddi, Kebede, Amha, Solomon, Hiwot, Mekasha, Addis, Alemayehu, Bereket Hailegiorgis, Malone, Joseph L., Dissanayake, Gunewardena, Teka, Hiwot, Auburn, Sarah, von Seidlein, Lorenz, and Price, Ric N.

Subjects
Primaquine -- Dosage and administration, Malaria -- Care and treatment, Plasmodium vivax -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Background Recent efforts in malaria control have resulted in great gains in reducing the burden of Plasmodium falciparum, but P. vivax has been more refractory. Its ability to form dormant liver stages confounds control and elimination efforts. To compare the efficacy and safety of primaquine regimens for radical cure, we undertook a randomized controlled trial in Ethiopia. Methods and findings Patients with normal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase status with symptomatic P. vivax mono-infection were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either chloroquine (CQ) or artemether-lumefantrine (AL), alone or in combination with 14 d of semi-supervised primaquine (PQ) (3.5 mg/kg total). A total of 398 patients (n = 104 in the CQ arm, n = 100 in the AL arm, n = 102 in the CQ+PQ arm, and n = 92 in the AL+PQ arm) were followed for 1 y, and recurrent episodes were treated with the same treatment allocated at enrolment. The primary endpoints were the risk of P. vivax recurrence at day 28 and at day 42. The risk of recurrent P. vivax infection at day 28 was 4.0% (95% CI 1.5%-10.4%) after CQ treatment and 0% (95% CI 0%-4.0%) after CQ+PQ. The corresponding risks were 12.0% (95% CI 6.8%-20.6%) following AL alone and 2.3% (95% CI 0.6%-9.0%) following AL+PQ. On day 42, the risk was 18.7% (95% CI 12.2%-28.0%) after CQ, 1.2% (95% CI 0.2%-8.0%) after CQ+PQ, 29.9% (95% CI 21.6%-40.5%) after AL, and 5.9% (95% CI 2.4%-13.5%) after AL+PQ (overall p < 0.001). In those not prescribed PQ, the risk of recurrence by day 42 appeared greater following AL treatment than CQ treatment (HR = 1.8 [95% CI 1.0-3.2]; p = 0.059). At the end of follow-up, the incidence rate of P. vivax was 2.2 episodes/person-year for patients treated with CQ compared to 0.4 for patients treated with CQ+PQ (rate ratio: 5.1 [95% CI 2.9-9.1]; p < 0.001) and 2.3 episodes/person-year for AL compared to 0.5 for AL+PQ (rate ratio: 6.4 [95% CI 3.6-11.3]; p < 0.001). There was no difference in the occurrence of adverse events between treatment arms. The main limitations of the study were the early termination of the trial and the omission of haemoglobin measurement after day 42, resulting in an inability to estimate the cumulative risk of anaemia. Conclusions Despite evidence of CQ-resistant P. vivax, the risk of recurrence in this study was greater following treatment with AL unless it was combined with a supervised course of PQ. PQ combined with either CQ or AL was well tolerated and reduced recurrence of vivax malaria by 5-fold at 1 y. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01680406, Author(s): Tesfay Abreha 1, Jimee Hwang 2,3, Kamala Thriemer 4,*, Yehualashet Tadesse 1, Samuel Girma 1, Zenebe Melaku 1, Ashenafi Assef 5, Moges Kassa 5, Mark D. Chatfield 4, Keren [...]

Published
2017
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23. How well does societal mobility restriction help control the COVID-19 pandemic? Evidence from real-time evaluation

Author

Oh, Juhwan, primary, Lee, Hwa-Young, additional, Long, Khuong Quynh, additional, Markuns, Jeffrey F, additional, Bullen, Chris, additional, Artaza Barrios, Osvaldo Enrique, additional, Hwang, Seung-sik, additional, Suh, Young Sahng, additional, McCool, Judith, additional, Kachur, S. Patrick, additional, Chan, Chang-Chung, additional, Kwon, Soonman, additional, Kondo, Naoki, additional, Minh, Hoang Van, additional, Moon, J. Robin, additional, Rostila, Mikael, additional, Norheim, Ole F., additional, You, Myoungsoon, additional, Withers, Mellissa, additional, Mu, Li, additional, Lee, Eun-Jeung, additional, Benski, Caroline, additional, Park, Soo Kyung, additional, Nam, Eun-Woo, additional, Katie Gottschalk, LLM, additional, Kavanagh, Matthew M., additional, Huong, Tran Thi Giang, additional, Lee, Jong-Koo, additional, Subramanian, S.V., additional, Gostin, Lawrence O., additional, and McKee, Martin, additional

Published
2020
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24. Clinical Sequelae Associated with Unresolved Tropical Splenomegaly in a Cohort of Recently Resettled Congolese Refugees in the United States—Multiple States, 2015–2018

Author

Zambrano, Laura Divens, primary, Jentes, Emily, additional, Phares, Christina, additional, Weinberg, Michelle, additional, Kachur, S. Patrick, additional, Basnet, Mukunda Singh, additional, Klosovsky, Alexander, additional, Mwesigwa, Moses, additional, Naoum, Marwan, additional, Nsobya, Samuel Lubwama, additional, Samson, Olivia, additional, Goers, Matthew, additional, McDonald, Robert, additional, Morawski, Bozena, additional, Njuguna, Henry, additional, Peak, Corey, additional, Laws, Rebecca, additional, Bakhsh, Yasser, additional, Iverson, Sally Ann, additional, Bezold, Carla, additional, Allkhenfr, Hayder, additional, Horth, Roberta, additional, Yang, Jun, additional, Miller, Susan, additional, Kacka, Michael, additional, Davids, Abby, additional, Mortimer, Margaret, additional, Stauffer, William, additional, and Marano, Nina, additional

Published
2020
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25. Mass testing and treatment on malaria in an area of western Kenya

Author

Samuels, Aaron M, primary, Odero, Nobert Awino, additional, Odongo, Wycliffe, additional, Otieno, Kephas, additional, Were, Vincent, additional, Shi, Ya Ping, additional, Sang, Tony, additional, Williamson, John, additional, Wiegand, Ryan, additional, Hamel, Mary J, additional, Kachur, S Patrick, additional, Slutsker, Laurence, additional, Lindblade, Kim A, additional, Kariuki, Simon K, additional, and Desai, Meghna R, additional

Published
2020
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26. Community Involvement and Perceptions of the Community-Based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) Strategy for Improving Health Outcomes in Ghana: Quantitative Comparative Evidence from Two System Learning Districts of the CHPS+ Project

Author

Kweku, Margaret, primary, Amu, Hubert, additional, Adjuik, Martin, additional, Manu, Emmanuel, additional, Aku, Fortress Yayra, additional, Tarkang, Elvis Enowbeyang, additional, Komesuor, Joyce, additional, Asalu, Geoffrey Adebayo, additional, Amuna, Norbert Ndaah, additional, Boateng, Laud Ampomah, additional, Alornyo, Justine Sefakor, additional, Glover, Roland, additional, Bawah, Ayaga A., additional, Letsa, Timothy, additional, Awoonor-Williams, John Koku, additional, Kachur, S. Patrick, additional, Phillips, James F., additional, and Gyapong, John Owusu, additional

Published
2020
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27. Impact of Community-Based Mass Testing and Treatment on Malaria Infection Prevalence in a High-Transmission Area of Western Kenya: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Samuels, Aaron M, primary, Odero, Nobert Awino, additional, Odongo, Wycliffe, additional, Otieno, Kephas, additional, Were, Vincent, additional, Shi, Ya Ping, additional, Sang, Tony, additional, Williamson, John, additional, Wiegand, Ryan, additional, Hamel, Mary J, additional, Kachur, S Patrick, additional, Slutsker, Laurence, additional, Lindblade, Kim A, additional, Kariuki, Simon K, additional, and Desai, Meghna R, additional

Published
2020
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29. Announcement of launching the JGHS commission on COVID-19 response

Author

Oh, Juhwan, primary, Kavanagh, Matthew M., additional, Gottschalk, Katie, additional, Subramanian, S V, additional, Shibuya, Kenji, additional, Hirschhorn, Lisa R, additional, Alonso, Cristina, additional, Torres, Irene, additional, Awoonor-Williams, Koku, additional, Hoang, Van Minh, additional, Bawah, Ayaga A, additional, Tran, Giang Huong, additional, Kachur, S. Patrick, additional, Sáenz, Rocío, additional, Artaza, Osvaldo, additional, Kwon, Soonman, additional, Nam, Eun Woo, additional, Choi, Jae Wook, additional, Lee, Jong-Koo, additional, McKee, Martin, additional, and Gostin, Lawrence O., additional

Published
2020
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30. Impact of Community-Based Mass Testing and Treatment on Malaria Infection Prevalence in a High-Transmission Area of Western Kenya: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author

Samuels, Aaron M, Odero, Nobert Awino, Odongo, Wycliffe, Otieno, Kephas, Were, Vincent, Shi, Ya Ping, Sang, Tony, Williamson, John, Wiegand, Ryan, Hamel, Mary J, Kachur, S Patrick, Slutsker, Laurence, Lindblade, Kim A, Kariuki, Simon K, and Desai, Meghna R

Subjects
MALARIA treatment, PREVENTION of infectious disease transmission, MALARIA prevention, CONFIDENCE intervals, COMMUNITY health services, MEDICAL screening, MALARIA, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, SURVEYS, SOCIOECONOMIC factors, STATISTICAL sampling
Abstract

Background Global gains toward malaria elimination have been heterogeneous and have recently stalled. Interventions targeting afebrile malaria infections may be needed to address residual transmission. We studied the efficacy of repeated rounds of community-based mass testing and treatment (MTaT) on malaria infection prevalence in western Kenya. Methods Twenty clusters were randomly assigned to 3 rounds of MTaT per year for 2 years or control (standard of care for testing and treatment at public health facilities along with government-sponsored mass long-lasting insecticidal net [LLIN] distributions). During rounds, community health volunteers visited all households in intervention clusters and tested all consenting individuals with a rapid diagnostic test. Those positive were treated with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine. Cross-sectional community infection prevalence surveys were performed in both study arms at baseline and each year after 3 rounds of MTaT. The primary outcome was the effect size of MTaT on parasite prevalence by microscopy between arms by year, adjusted for age, reported LLIN use, enhanced vegetative index, and socioeconomic status. Results Demographic and behavioral characteristics, including LLIN usage, were similar between arms at each survey. MTaT coverage across the 3 annual rounds ranged between 75.0% and 77.5% in year 1, and between 81.9% and 94.3% in year 2. The adjusted effect size of MTaT on the prevalence of parasitemia between arms was 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI],.79–1.08) and 0.92 (95% CI,.76–1.10) after year 1 and year 2, respectively. Conclusions MTaT performed 3 times per year over 2 years did not reduce malaria parasite prevalence in this high-transmission area. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02987270. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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31. Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoite Vaccine Administered by Direct Venous Inoculation to Infants and Young Children: Findings From an Age De-escalation, Dose-Escalation, Double-blind, Randomized Controlled Study in Western Kenya

Author

Steinhardt, Laura C, primary, Richie, Thomas L, additional, Yego, Reuben, additional, Akach, Dorcas, additional, Hamel, Mary J, additional, Gutman, Julie R, additional, Wiegand, Ryan E, additional, Nzuu, Elizabeth L, additional, Dungani, Allan, additional, Kc, Natasha, additional, Murshedkar, Tooba, additional, Church, L W Preston, additional, Sim, B Kim Lee, additional, Billingsley, Peter F, additional, James, Eric R, additional, Abebe, Yonas, additional, Kariuki, Simon, additional, Samuels, Aaron M, additional, Otieno, Kephas, additional, Sang, Tony, additional, Kachur, S Patrick, additional, Styers, David, additional, Schlessman, Kelly, additional, Abarbanell, Ginnie, additional, Hoffman, Stephen L, additional, Seder, Robert A, additional, and Oneko, Martina, additional

Published
2019
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34. Correction: Comparison of artemether-lumefantrine and chloroquine with and without primaquine for the treatment of Plasmodium vivax infection in Ethiopia: A randomized controlled trial

Author

Abreha, Tesfay, primary, Hwang, Jimee, additional, Thriemer, Kamala, additional, Tadesse, Yehualashet, additional, Girma, Samuel, additional, Melaku, Zenebe, additional, Assef, Ashenafi, additional, Kassa, Moges, additional, Chatfield, Mark D., additional, Landman, Keren Z., additional, Chenet, Stella M., additional, Lucchi, Naomi W., additional, Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam, additional, Zhou, Zhiyong, additional, Shi, Ya Ping, additional, Kachur, S. Patrick, additional, Jima, Daddi, additional, Kebede, Amha, additional, Solomon, Hiwot, additional, Mekasha, Addis, additional, Alemayehu, Bereket Hailegiorgis, additional, Malone, Joseph L., additional, Dissanayake, Gunewardena, additional, Teka, Hiwot, additional, Auburn, Sarah, additional, Seidlein, Lorenz von, additional, and Price, Ric N., additional

Published
2018
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35. Posttreatment HRP2 Clearance in Patients with Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria

Author

Plucinski, Mateusz M, primary, Dimbu, Pedro Rafael, additional, Fortes, Filomeno, additional, Abdulla, Salim, additional, Ahmed, Saumu, additional, Gutman, Julie, additional, Kachur, S Patrick, additional, Badiane, Aida, additional, Ndiaye, Daouda, additional, Talundzic, Eldin, additional, Lucchi, Naomi, additional, Aidoo, Michael, additional, Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam, additional, Halsey, Eric, additional, and Rogier, Eric, additional

Published
2017
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37. The Impact of Introducing Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests on Fever Case Management: A Synthesis of Ten Studies from the ACT Consortium

Author

Bruxvoort, Katia J., primary, Leurent, Baptiste, additional, Chandler, Clare I. R., additional, Ansah, Evelyn K., additional, Baiden, Frank, additional, Björkman, Anders, additional, Burchett, Helen E. D., additional, Clarke, Siân E., additional, Cundill, Bonnie, additional, DiLiberto, Debora D., additional, Elfving, Kristina, additional, Goodman, Catherine, additional, Hansen, Kristian S., additional, Kachur, S. Patrick, additional, Lal, Sham, additional, Lalloo, David G., additional, Leslie, Toby, additional, Magnussen, Pascal, additional, Mangham-Jefferies, Lindsay, additional, Mårtensson, Andreas, additional, Mayan, Ismail, additional, Mbonye, Anthony K., additional, Msellem, Mwinyi I., additional, Onwujekwe, Obinna E., additional, Owusu-Agyei, Seth, additional, Rowland, Mark W., additional, Shakely, Delér, additional, Staedke, Sarah G., additional, Vestergaard, Lasse S., additional, Webster, Jayne, additional, Whitty, Christopher J. M., additional, Wiseman, Virginia L., additional, Yeung, Shunmay, additional, Schellenberg, David, additional, and Hopkins, Heidi, additional

Published
2017
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39. Impact of introduction of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria on antibiotic prescribing: analysis of observational and randomised studies in public and private healthcare settings

Author

Hopkins, Heidi, primary, Bruxvoort, Katia J, additional, Cairns, Matthew E, additional, Chandler, Clare I R, additional, Leurent, Baptiste, additional, Ansah, Evelyn K, additional, Baiden, Frank, additional, Baltzell, Kimberly A, additional, Björkman, Anders, additional, Burchett, Helen E D, additional, Clarke, Siân E, additional, DiLiberto, Deborah D, additional, Elfving, Kristina, additional, Goodman, Catherine, additional, Hansen, Kristian S, additional, Kachur, S Patrick, additional, Lal, Sham, additional, Lalloo, David G, additional, Leslie, Toby, additional, Magnussen, Pascal, additional, Jefferies, Lindsay Mangham, additional, Mårtensson, Andreas, additional, Mayan, Ismail, additional, Mbonye, Anthony K, additional, Msellem, Mwinyi I, additional, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, additional, Owusu-Agyei, Seth, additional, Reyburn, Hugh, additional, Rowland, Mark W, additional, Shakely, Delér, additional, Vestergaard, Lasse S, additional, Webster, Jayne, additional, Wiseman, Virginia L, additional, Yeung, Shunmay, additional, Schellenberg, David, additional, Staedke, Sarah G, additional, and Whitty, Christopher J M, additional

Published
2017
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40. Using Respondent Driven Sampling to Identify Malaria Risks and Occupational Networks among Migrant Workers in Ranong, Thailand

Author

Wangroongsarb, Piyaporn, primary, Hwang, Jimee, additional, Thwing, Julie, additional, Karuchit, Samart, additional, Kumpetch, Suthon, additional, Rand, Alison, additional, Drakeley, Chris, additional, MacArthur, John R., additional, Kachur, S. Patrick, additional, Satimai, Wichai, additional, Meek, Sylvia, additional, and Sintasath, David M., additional

Published
2016
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42. Effect of the Ebola-virus-disease epidemic on malaria case management in Guinea, 2014: a cross-sectional survey of health facilities

Author

Plucinski, Mateusz M, primary, Guilavogui, Timothée, additional, Sidikiba, Sidibe, additional, Diakité, Nouman, additional, Diakité, Souleymane, additional, Dioubaté, Mohamed, additional, Bah, Ibrahima, additional, Hennessee, Ian, additional, Butts, Jessica K, additional, Halsey, Eric S, additional, McElroy, Peter D, additional, Kachur, S Patrick, additional, Aboulhab, Jamila, additional, James, Richard, additional, and Keita, Moussa, additional

Published
2015
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44. Review of Mass Drug Administration for Malaria and Its Operational Challenges

Author

Newby, Gretchen, primary, Hwang, Jimee, additional, Koita, Kadiatou, additional, Chen, Ingrid, additional, Greenwood, Brian, additional, von Seidlein, Lorenz, additional, Shanks, G. Dennis, additional, Slutsker, Laurence, additional, Kachur, S. Patrick, additional, Wegbreit, Jennifer, additional, Ippolito, Matthew M., additional, Poirot, Eugenie, additional, and Gosling, Roly, additional

Published
2015
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48. Cluster Randomized Trial of Text Message Reminders to Retail Staff in Tanzanian Drug Shops Dispensing Artemether-Lumefantrine: Effect on Dispenser Knowledge and Patient Adherence

Author

Bruxvoort, Katia, primary, Festo, Charles, additional, Kalolella, Admirabilis, additional, Cairns, Matthew, additional, Lyaruu, Peter, additional, Kenani, Mitya, additional, Kachur, S. Patrick, additional, Goodman, Catherine, additional, and Schellenberg, David, additional

Published
2014
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49. Community-based intermittent mass testing and treatment for malaria in an area of high transmission intensity, western Kenya: study design and methodology for a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Author

Samuels, Aaron M., Awino, Nobert, Odongo, Wycliffe, Abong'o, Benard, Gimnig, John, Otieno, Kephas, Ya Ping Shi, Were, Vincent, Allen, Denise Roth, Were, Florence, Sang, Tony, Obor, David, Williamson, John, Hamel, Mary J., Kachur, S. Patrick, Slutsker, Laurence, Lindblade, Kim A., Kariuki, Simon, and Desai, Meghna

Subjects
PLASMODIUM, MALARIA transmission, DRUG administration, MALARIA treatment, RANDOMIZED controlled trials
Abstract

Most human Plasmodium infections in western Kenya are asymptomatic and are believed to contribute importantly to malaria transmission. Elimination of asymptomatic infections requires active treatment approaches, such as mass testing and treatment (MTaT) or mass drug administration (MDA), as infected persons do not seek care for their infection. Evaluations of community-based approaches that are designed to reduce malaria transmission require careful attention to study design to ensure that important effects can be measured accurately. This manuscript describes the study design and methodology of a cluster-randomized controlled trial to evaluate a MTaT approach for malaria transmission reduction in an area of high malaria transmission. Ten health facilities in western Kenya were purposively selected for inclusion. The communities within 3 km of each health facility were divided into three clusters of approximately equal population size. Two clusters around each health facility were randomly assigned to the control arm, and one to the intervention arm. Three times per year for 2 years, after the long and short rains, and again before the long rains, teams of community health volunteers visited every household within the intervention arm, tested all consenting individuals with malaria rapid diagnostic tests, and treated all positive individuals with an effective anti-malarial. The effect of mass testing and treatment on malaria transmission was measured through population-based longitudinal cohorts, outpatient visits for clinical malaria, periodic population-based cross-sectional surveys, and entomological indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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