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Family caregivers contribute to the sustainability of healthcare systems. Stroke is a leading cause of adult disability and many people with stroke rely on caregiver support to return home and remain in the community. Research has demonstrated the importance of caregivers, but suggests that caregiving can have adverse consequences. Despite the body of qualitative stroke literature, there is little clarity about how to incorporate these findings into clinical practice. This review aimed to characterise stroke caregivers' experiences and the impact of these experiences on their health and well-being. We conducted a qualitative meta-synthesis. Four electronic databases were searched to identify original qualitative research examining stroke caregivers' experiences. In total, 4,481 citations were found, with 39 studies remaining after removing duplicates and applying inclusion and exclusions criteria. Articles were appraised for quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP), coded using NVivo software, and analysed through thematic synthesis. One overarching theme, 'caregiving is a full-time job' was identified, encompassing four sub-themes: (a) restructured life, (b) altered relationships, (c) physical challenges, and (d) psychosocial challenges. Community and institution-based clinicians should be aware of the physical and psychosocial consequences of caregiving and provide appropriate supports, such as education and respite, to optimise caregiver health and well-being. Future research may build upon this study to identify caregivers in most need of support and the types of support needed across a broad range of health conditions.

Background Our aim in this study was to evaluate long-term efficiency of hepatic venous balloon angioplasty (BA) and stent placement (SP) for hepatic venous outflow obstruction (HVOO) in pediatric liver transplantation (LT). Methods From January 1999 to September 2016, 262 pediatric patients underwent LT at our hospital. Ten were diagnosed with HVOO, which included 8 living donor grafts and 2 split liver grafts. BA and SP were used in management of these 10 patients with HVOO. After intervention, Doppler ultrasound (DUS) was the major follow-up modality for comparing efficiency of BA and SP. Results The incidence of HVOO was 3.8% (10 of 262) in our pediatric LTs. Of the 10 HVOO cases, 5 had SP, 3 had BA once, 1 had BA twice, and 1 had BA twice along with SP. The patent hepatic vein was maintained after a mean follow-up of 7.4 (range, 0.04–17) years. Recurrent rate of HVOO after BA was 42%. Neither recurrent HVOO nor stent migration occurred after SP and throughout long-term follow-up. Conclusion Hepatic venous SP was found to be more effective and safe than BA for treatment of HVOO in pediatric LT for long-term follow-up.

Phasor measurement units (PMUs) provide great potential for monitoring an electrical grid by recording synchronized measurements across a wide area. However, with more and more PMUs being deployed, the traditional workflow of processing these data is facing a major challenge. In this chapter, we present our experience in analyzing and mining PMU data for event classification and anomaly detection. Experiments have been carried out using real PMU data that are collected from the Bonneville Power Administration’s power grid. Experimental results show that our methods are effective in identifying both anomalies and known events from a large amount of data. Particularly, our classification method can accurately detect an event from a PMU that is far from the location where the event occurs.