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1. Rare HCV subtypes and retreatment outcomes in a cohort of European DAA-experienced patients

Author

Julia Dietz, Christiana Graf, Christoph P. Berg, Kerstin Port, Katja Deterding, Peter Buggisch, Kai-Henrik Peiffer, Johannes Vermehren, Georg Dultz, Andreas Geier, Florian P. Reiter, Tony Bruns, Jörn M. Schattenberg, Elena Durmashkina, Thierry Gustot, Christophe Moreno, Janina Trauth, Thomas Discher, Janett Fischer, Thomas Berg, Andreas E. Kremer, Beat Müllhaupt, Stefan Zeuzem, Christoph Sarrazin, C. Antoni, A. Teufel, R. Vogelmann, M. Ebert, J. Balavoine, E. Giostra, M. Berning, J. Hampe, T. Boettler, C. Neumann-Haefelin, R. Thimme, A. De Gottardi, A. Rauch, N. Semmo, V. Ellenrieder, M. Gress, A. Herrmann, A. Stallmach, D. Hoffmann, U. Protzer, A. Kodal, M. Löbermann, T. Götze, V. Keitel-Anselmino, C.M. Lange, R. Zachoval, J. Mayerle, A. Maieron, P. Michl, U. Merle, D. Moradpour, J.-P. Chave, M. Muche, H.-J. Epple, M. Müller-Schilling, F. Kocheise, T. Müller, F. Tacke, E. Roeb, J. Rissland, M. Krawczyk, P. Schulze, D. Semela, U. Spengler, J. Rockstroh, C.P. Strassburg, J. Siebler, J. Schulze zur Wiesch, F. Piecha, J. von Felden, S. Jordan, A. Lohse, M. Sprinzl, P. Galle, R. Stauber, B. Strey, W. Steckstor, W. Schmiegel, N.H. Brockmeyer, A. Canbay, C. Trautwein, F. Uschner, J. Trebicka, T. Weber, H. Wedemeyer, M. Cornberg, M. Manns, P. Wietzke-Braun, R. Günther, K. Willuweit, G. Hilgard, H. Schmidt, E. Zizer, J. Backhus, T. Seufferlein, O. Al-Taie, W. Angeli, S. Beckebaum, A. Erhardt, A. Garrido-Lüneburg, H. Gattringer, D. Genné, M. Gschwantler, F. Gundling, S. Hametner, R. Schöfl, S. Haag, H. Heinzow, T. Heyer, C. Hirschi, A. Jussios, S. Kanzler, N. Kordecki, M. Kraus, U. Kullig, S. Wollschläger, L. Magenta, B. Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli, M. Menges, L. Mohr, K. Muehlenberg, C. Niederau, B. Paulweber, A. Petrides, M. Pinkernell, R. Piso, W. Rambach, L. Reinhardt, M. Reiser, B. Riecken, A. Rieke, J. Roth, M. Schelling, P. Schlee, A. Schneider, D. Scholz, E. Schott, M. Schuchmann, U. Schulten-Baumer, A. Seelhoff, A. Stich, F. Stickel, J. Ungemach, E. Walter, A. Weber, H. Wege, T. Winzer, W. Abels, M. Adler, F. Audebert, C. Baermann, E. Bästlein, R. Barth, K. Barthel, W. Becker, J. Behrends, J. Benninger, F. Berger, D. Berzow, T. Beyer, M. Bierbaum, O. Blaukat, A. Bodtländer, G. Böhm, N. Börner, U. Bohr, B. Bokemeyer, H.R. Bruch, D. Bucholz, P. Buggisch, K. Matschenz, J. Petersen, O. Burkhard, N. Busch, C. Chirca, R. Delker, J. Diedrich, M. Frank, M. Diehl, A.O. Tal, M. Schneider, A. Dienethal, P. Dietel, N. Dikopoulos, M. Dreck, F. Dreher, L. Drude, K. Ende, U. Ehrle, K. Baumgartl, F. Emke, R. Glosemeyer, G. Felten, D. Hüppe, J. Fischer, U. Fischer, D. Frederking, B. Frick, G. Friese, B. Gantke, P. Geyer, H.R. Schwind, M. Glas, T. Glaunsinger, F. Goebel, U. Göbel, B. Görlitz, R. Graf, H. Gruber, C. Hartmann, C. Klag, G. Härter, M. Herder, T. Heuchel, S. Heuer, H. Hinrichsen, B. Seegers, K.-H. Höffl, H. Hörster, J.-U. Sonne, W.P. Hofmann, F. Holst, M. Hunstiger, A. Hurst, E. Jägel-Guedes, C. John, M. Jung, B. Kallinowski, B. Kapzan, W. Kerzel, P. Khaykin, M. Klarhof, U. Klüppelberg, Wolfratshausen, K. Klugewitz, B. Knapp, U. Knevels, T. Kochsiek, A. Körfer, A. Köster, M. Kuhn, A. Langekamp, B. Künzig, R. Link, M. Littman, H. Löhr, T. Lutz, P. Gute, G. Knecht, U. Lutz, D. Mainz, I. Mahle, P. Maurer, S. Mauss, C. Mayer, H. Möller, R. Heyne, D. Moritzen, M. Mroß, M. Mundlos, U. Naumann, O. Nehls, K, R. Ningel, A. Oelmann, H. Olejnik, K. Gadow, E. Pascher, A. Philipp, M. Pichler, F. Polzien, R. Raddant, M. Riedel, S. Rietzler, M. Rössle, W. Rufle, A. Rump, C. Schewe, C. Hoffmann, D. Schleehauf, W. Schmidt, G. Schmidt-Heinevetter, J. Schmidtler-von Fabris, L. Schneider, A. Schober, S. Niehaus-Hahn, J. Schwenzer, T. Seidel, G. Seitel, C. Sick, K. Simon, D. Stähler, F. Stenschke, H. Steffens, K. Stein, M. Steinmüller, T. Sternfeld, K. Svensson, W. Tacke, G. Teuber, K. Teubner, J. Thieringer, A. Tomesch, U. Trappe, J. Ullrich, G. Urban, S. Usadel, A. von Lucadou, F. Weinberger, M. Werheid-Dobers, P. Werner, T. Winter, E. Zehnter, and A. Zipf

Subjects
Direct-acting antivirals, Hepatitis C Virus, rare HCV genotypes, resistance-associated substitutions, treatment response, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract

Background and Aims: Data on the prevalence and characteristics of so-called rare HCV genotypes (GTs) in larger cohorts is limited. This study investigates the frequency of rare GT and resistance-associated substitutions and the efficacy of retreatment in a European cohort. Methods: A total of 129 patients with rare GT1-6 were included from the European resistance database. NS3, NS5A, and NS5B were sequenced and clinical parameters and retreatment efficacies were collected retrospectively. Results: Overall 1.5% (69/4,656) of direct-acting antiviral (DAA)-naive and 4.4% (60/1,376) of DAA-failure patients were infected with rare GT. Although rare GTs were almost equally distributed throughout GT1-6 in DAA-naive patients, we detected mainly rare GT4 (47%, 28/60 GT4; of these n = 17, subtype 4r) and GT3 (25%, 15/60 GT3, of these n = 8, subtype 3b) among DAA-failures. A total of 62% (37/60) of DAA failures had not responded to first-generation regimes and the majority was infected with rare GT4 (57%, 21/37). In contrast, among patients with failure to pangenotypic DAA regimens (38%, 23/60), infections with rare GT3 were overrepresented (57%, 13/23). Although NS5A RASs were uncommon in rare GT2, GT5a, and GT6, we observed combined RASs in rare GT1, GT3, and GT4 at positions 28, 30, 31, which can be considered as inherent. DAA failures with completed follow-up of retreatment, achieved a high SVR rate (94%, 45/48 modified intention-to-treat analysis; 92%, 45/49 intention-to-treat). Three patients with GT4f, 4r, or 3b, respectively, had virological treatment failure. Conclusions: In this European cohort, rare HCV GT were uncommon. Accumulation of specific rare GT in DAA-failure patients suggests reduced antiviral activities of DAA regimens. The limited global availability of pangenotypic regimens for first line therapy as well as multiple targeted regimens for retreatment could result in HCV elimination targets being delayed. Impact and implications: Data on the prevalence and characteristics of rare HCV genotypes (GT) in larger cohorts are still scarce. This study found low rates of rare HCV GTs among European HCV-infected patients. In direct-acting antiviral (DAA)-failure patients, rare GT3 subtypes accumulated after pangenotypic DAA treatment and rare GT4 after first generation DAA failure and viral resistance was detected at NS5A positions 28, 30, and 31. The limited global availability of pangenotypic DAA regimens for first line therapy as well as multiple targeted regimens for retreatment could result in HCV elimination targets being delayed.

Published
2024
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2. Long-term persistence of HCV resistance-associated substitutions after DAA treatment failure

Author

Julia Dietz, Beat Müllhaupt, Peter Buggisch, Christiana Graf, Kai-Henrik Peiffer, Katrin Matschenz, Jörn M. Schattenberg, Christoph Antoni, Stefan Mauss, Claus Niederau, Thomas Discher, Janina Trauth, Georg Dultz, Julian Schulze zur Wiesch, Felix Piecha, Hartwig Klinker, Tobias Müller, Thomas Berg, Christoph Neumann-Haefelin, Christoph P. Berg, Stefan Zeuzem, Christoph Sarrazin, J. Balavoine, E. Giostra, M. Berning, J. Hampe, A. Canbay, W. Steckstor, W. Schmiegel, N.H. Brockmeyer, A. De Gottardi, A. Rauch, N. Semmo, J. Fischer, M. Gress, H. Heinzow, G. Hilgard, H. Schmidt, A. Herrmann, A. Stallmach, D. Hoffmann, U. Protzer, H. Klinker, P. Schulze, A. Kodal, A. Kremer, J. Siebler, M. Löbermann, T. Götze, J. Weigt, A. Lohse, J. Von Felden, S. Jordan, C.M. Lange, R. Zachoval, J. Mayerle, A. Maieron, D. Moradpour, J.-P. Chave, C. Moreno, M. Muche, H.-J. Epple, M. Müller-Schilling, F. Kocheise, B. Müllhaupt, K. Port, K. Deterding, H. Wedemeyer, M. Cornberg, M. Manns, L. Reinhardt, V. Ellenrieder, J. Rissland, D. Semela, U. Spengler, J. Rockstroh, E. Roeb, M. Sprinzl, P. Galle, R. Stauber, W. Stremmel, B. Strey, R. Thimme, T. Boettler, F. Tacke, A. Teufel, R. Vogelmann, M. Ebert, K. Tomasiewicz, C. Trautwein, T. Koenen, T. Weber, P. Wietzke-Braun, R. Günther, E. Zizer, J. Backhus, T. Seufferlein, W. Angeli, S. Beckebaum, C. Doberauer, E. Durmashkina, A. Hackelsberger, A. Erhardt, A. Garrido-Lüneburg, H. Gattringer, D. Genné, M. Gschwantler, F. Gundling, S. Hametner, R. Schöfl, C. Hartmann, T. Heyer, C. Hirschi, A. Jussios, S. Kanzler, N. Kordecki, M. Kraus, U. Kullig, S. Wollschläger, L. Magenta, B. Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli, M. Menges, L. Mohr, K. Muehlenberg, C. Niederau, B. Paulweber, A. Petrides, M. Pinkernell, R. Piso, W. Rambach, M. Reiser, B. Riecken, A. Rieke, J. Roth, M. Schelling, P. Schlee, A. Schneider, D. Scholz, E. Schott, M. Schuchmann, U. Schulten-Baumer, A. Seelhoff, A. Stich, F. Stickel, J. Ungemach, E. Walter, A. Weber, T. Winzer, W. Abels, M. Adler, F. Audebert, C. Baermann, E. Bästlein, R. Barth, K. Barthel, W. Becker, J. Behrends, J. Benninger, F. Berger, D. Berzow, T. Beyer, M. Bierbaum, O. Blaukat, A. Bodtländer, G. Böhm, N. Börner, U. Bohr, B. Bokemeyer, H.R. Bruch, D. Bucholz, O. Burkhard, N. Busch, C. Chirca, R. Delker, J. Diedrich, M. Frank, M. Diehl, A. Dienethal, P. Dietel, N. Dikopoulos, M. Dreck, F. Dreher, L. Drude, K. Ende, U. Ehrle, K. Baumgartl, F. Emke, R. Glosemeyer, G. Felten, D. Hüppe, U. Fischer, D. Frederking, B. Frick, G. Friese, B. Gantke, P. Geyer, H.R. Schwind, M. Glas, T. Glaunsinger, F. Goebel, U. Göbel, B. Görlitz, R. Graf, H. Gruber, G. Härter, M. Herder, T. Heuchel, S. Heuer, K.-H. Höffl, H. Hörster, J.-U. Sonne, W.P. Hofmann, F. Holst, M. Hunstiger, A. Hurst, E. Jägel-Guedes, C. John, M. Jung, B. Kallinowski, B. Kapzan, W. Kerzel, P. Khaykin, M. Klarhof, U. Klüppelberg, null Wolfratshausen, K. Klugewitz, B. Knapp, U. Knevels, T. Kochsiek, A. Körfer, A. Köster, M. Kuhn, A. Langekamp, B. Künzig, R. Link, M. Littman, H. Löhr, T. Lutz, G. Knecht, U. Lutz, D. Mainz, I. Mahle, P. Maurer, C. Mayer, V. Meister, H. Möller, R. Heyne, D. Moritzen, M. Mroß, M. Mundlos, U. Naumann, O. Nehls, K.R. Ningel, A. Oelmann, H. Olejnik, K. Gadow, E. Pascher, J. Petersen, A. Philipp, M. Pichler, F. Polzien, R. Raddant, M. Riedel, S. Rietzler, M. Rössle, W. Rufle, A. Rump, C. Schewe, C. Hoffmann, D. Schleehauf, W. Schmidt, G. Schmidt-Heinevetter, J. Schmidtler-von Fabris, L. Schneider, A. Schober, S. Niehaus-Hahn, J. Schwenzer, B. Seegers, T. Seidel, G. Seitel, C. Sick, K. Simon, D. Stähler, F. Stenschke, H. Steffens, K. Stein, M. Steinmüller, T. Sternfeld, K. Svensson, W. Tacke, G. Teuber, K. Teubner, J. Thieringer, A. Tomesch, U. Trappe, J. Ullrich, G. Urban, S. Usadel, A. Von Lucadou, F. Weinberger, M. Werheid-Dobers, P. Werner, T. Winter, E. Zehnter, and A. Zipf

Subjects
Hepatology, Genotype, Drug Resistance, Viral, Humans, Hepacivirus, Treatment Failure, Viral Nonstructural Proteins, Hepatitis C, Chronic, Antiviral Agents
Abstract

Data on the long-term persistence of HCV resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) after treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are limited. This study evaluated the persistence of NS3, NS5A, and NS5B RASs for up to 5 years after the end of treatment (EOT).We included samples from 678 individuals with an HCV genotype (GT) 1 or 3 infection and virologic DAA treatment failure collected in the European Resistance Database. NS3, NS5A, and NS5B were sequenced, and clinical parameters were evaluated.A total of 242 individuals with HCV GT1a (36%), 237 with GT1b (35%), and 199 (29%) with GT3 and a DAA failure were included. After protease inhibitor failure, the frequencies of NS3 RASs were 40-90% after the EOT. NS3 RASs disappeared rapidly in GT1b and GT3 after follow-up month 3 but were stable (≥60%) in GT1a owing to Q80K. The SOF-resistant NS5B RAS S282T was only found in individuals with GT3a. Non-nucleoside NS5B RASs were frequent in GT1 (56-80%) and decreased to 30% in GT1a but persisted in GT1b. NS5A RASs were very common in all GTs after NS5A inhibitor failure (88-95%), and even after follow-up month 24, their frequency was 65% and higher. However, RASs in GT1b had a stable course, whereas RASs in GT1a and GT3 declined slightly after follow-up month 24 (GT1a, 68%; GT1b, 95%; and GT3, 65%), mainly because of the slow decline of high-level resistant Y93H.We found that low-to medium-level RASs persisted, whereas high-level resistant RASs disappeared over time. Different patterns of RAS persistence according to HCV subtype could have implications for retreatment with first-generation DAAs and for global HCV elimination goals.There are little data on the long-term persistence of HCV resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) after DAA treatment failure, and RASs could have an impact on the efficacy of a rescue treatment. Especially in countries with limited availability of VOX/VEL/SOF or G/P/SOF, different patterns of RAS persistence could have implications for retreatment with first-generation DAAs and for global HCV elimination goals. The different patterns of RAS persistence identified in this study can be used to derive general rules regarding the persistence of RASs after DAA failure that could be applied by physicians in less developed countries to plan individualized HCV retreatment.

Published
2022

3. Operational experience of the Belle II pixel detector

Author

B. Wang, F. Abudinen, K. Ackermann, P. Ahlburg, M. Albalawi, O. Alonso, L. Andricek, R. Ayad, V. Babu, A. Baur, F. Bernlochner, T. Bilka, A. Bolz, A. Bozek, C. Camien, A. Caldwell, L. Cao, V. Chekelian, A. Dieguez, J. Dingfelder, Z. Doležal, M. Fras, A. Frey, M. Gabriel, K. Gadow, T. Gessler, G. Giakoustidis, L. Gioi, D. Greenwald, M. Heck, M. Hensel, M. Hoek, S. Huber, J. Kandra, P. Kapusta, R. Karl, J. Kehl, C. Kiesling, B. Kisielewski, D. Kittlinger, D. Klose, P. Kodyš, C. Koffmane, I. Konorov, S. Krivokuca, T. Kuhr, S. Kurz, P. Kvasnička, J.S. Lange, K. Lautenbach, U. Leis, P. Leitl, D. Levit, G. Liemann, Q. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Lück, C. Mariñas, S. Mccarney, H.G. Moser, D. Moya, F.J. Müller, F. Müller, C. Niebuhr, J. Ninkovic, B. Paschen, S. Paul, I. Peric, D. Pitzl, A. Rabusov, M. Reif, S.P. Reiter, R. Richter, M. Ritter, M. Ritzert, J.G. Sanchez, B. Scavino, G. Schaller, J. Schmitz, M. Schnecke, F. Schopper, H. Schreeck, B. Schwenker, M. Schwickardi, R. Sedlmeyer, C. Sfienti, F. Simon, S. Skambraks, J. Skorupa, Y. Soloviev, B. Spruck, S. Stefkova, R. Stever, E. Tafelmayer, M. Takahashi, I. Vila, A.L. Virto, S. Vogt, C. Wang, P. Wieduwilt, H. Windel, H. Ye, J. Zhao, R. Žlebčík, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, European Commission, Generalitat Valenciana, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), and National Natural Science Foundation of China

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Instrumentation
Abstract

Belle-II DEPFET and PXD Collaboration: et al., The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB accelerator has started its physics data taking with the full detector setup in March 2019. It aims to collect 40 times more e+ e- collision data compared with its predecessor Belle experiment. The Belle II pixel detector (PXD) is based on the Depleted P-channel Field Effect Transistor (DEPFET) technology. The PXD plays an important role in the tracking and vertexing of the Belle II detector. Its two layers are arranged at radii of 14 mm and 22 mm around the interaction point. The sensors are thinned down to 75 m to minimize multiple scattering, and each module has interconnects and ASICs integrated on the sensor with silicon frames for mechanical support. PXD showed good performance during data taking. It also faces several operational challenges due to the high background level from the SuperKEKB accelerator, such as the damage from beam loss events, the drift in the HV working point due to radiation effect, and the impact of the high background., This work is supported by MEXT, WPI, and JSPS (Japan); MSMT, GAUK 404316 (Czech Republic), MSCA-RISE project JENNIFER-2 (EU grant 822070); Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Germany); CIDEGENT/2018/020 of Generalitat Valenciana (Spain); National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11435013); and research grants S-1440-0321, S-0256-1438, and S-0280-1439 (University of Tabuk, KSA, Saudi Arabia ).

Published
2022

4. Operational Experience and Performance of the Belle II Pixel Detector

Author

V. Babu, P. Gomis, E. Tafelmayer, S. Stefkova, A. Frey, Ivan Peric, K. Gadow, Michael Ritzert, P. Leitl, K. Ackermann, C. Niebuhr, Melissa K. Takahashi, U. Gebauer, Jelena Ninkovic, P. Ahlburg, H. Windel, G. Giakoustidis, F. Müller, B. Paschen, H. G. Moser, F. Mueller, S. Skambraks, Angel Dieguez, V. Chekelian, C. Koffmane, Jochen Dingfelder, Florian Schopper, Tomasz Hemperek, Marcel Vos, S. Reiter, Gerhard Liemann, I. Konorov, A. Rabusov, R. Ayad, D. Klose, S. Krivokuca, Y. Soloviev, T. Kuhr, AL Virto, Thomas Lück, Ivan Vila, Benjamin Schwenker, H. Ye, M. Albalawi, Peter Kvasnicka, Martin Ritter, Dmytro Levit, J. Zhao, Concettina Sfienti, Jakub Kandra, P. Wieduwilt, B. Deschamps, Oscar Alonso, Gerhard Schaller, R. Sedlmeyer, Frank Simon, Hans Krüger, M. Gabriel, Thomas Gessler, S. Vogt, S. Huber, C. Kiesling, C. Wessel, D. Kittlinger, M. Fras, Q. Y. Liu, Z. Doležal, B. Spruck, C. Praz, U. Leis, Peter Kodys, M. Heck, P. Kapusta, J. Sanchez, A. Bozek, M. Hensel, R. Richter, Carlos Marinas, R. Stever, C. Camien, L. Macharski, M. Schnecke, S. Mccarney, A. Glazov, M. Hoek, H. Schreeck, F. Abudinen, T. Bilka, F. Poblotzki, K. Lautenbach, J. S. Lange, Ladislav Andricek, Norbert Wermes, Daniel Greenwald, C. H. Wang, L. Gioi, U. Stolzenberg, Allen Caldwell, B. Kisielewski, F. Lütticke, Zhiyong Liu, Soumen Paul, D. Moya, and B. Scavino

Subjects
010308 nuclear & particles physics, Computer science, business.industry, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, 010306 general physics, business, 01 natural sciences, Pixel detector
Abstract

Proceedings of the 29th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors (VERTEX2020), Tsukuba, Japan (Online); Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 34, 010002 (2021). doi:10.7566/JPSCP.34.010002, The Belle II experiment at the super KEK B factory (SuperKEKB) started its physics operation with the full detector setup in March 2019, and it aims at collecting 50 ab$^{���1}$ of $e^+e^���$ collision data. The vertex detector (VXD) of Belle II contains a 4-layer silicon vertex detector (SVD) using double sided silicon strips and an inner 2-layer pixel detector (PXD) that is based on the depleted P-channel Field Effect Transistor (DEPFET) technology. The signal generation and amplification are combined in pixels with a minimum pitch of 55 �� 50 ��m$^2$. The sensors are thinned down to 75 ��m, and each module has interconnects and ASICs integrated on the sensor with silicon frames for mechanical support. This approach led to a material budget of around 0.21% X$_0$ per layer including the cooling structure in the acceptance region. The PXD has an integration time of around 20 ��s, a signal-to-noise ratio of around 50 and a detecting efficiency of better than 99%. Its two layers are arranged at the radii of 14 and 22 mm around the interaction point, and an impact parameter resolution of better than 15 ��m has been achieved. Due to its close proximity to the beam line and its sensitivity to few-keV photons, the PXD also plays an important role in background studies., Published by The Physical Society of Japan, Tokyo

Published
2021

5. The Belle II vertex detector integration

Author

H. Windel, V. Babu, S. Skambraks, P. Mammini, Ti. Baroncelli, M. Kaleta, C. Koffmane, M. Hensel, G. Batignani, J. Stypula, Prafulla Kumar Behera, V. Chekelian, C. La Licata, C. Wessel, H. Aihara, D. Münchow, F. Müller, M. Heck, J. Sanchez, F. Abudinen, AL Virto, F. Mueller, Oscar Alonso, R. Thalmeier, D. Klose, I. J. Watson, Soumen Paul, U. Packheiser, M. Ceccanti, N. Sato, Dipak Kumar Sahoo, D. Moya, B. Scavino, M. Fras, K. K. Rao, Takeo Higuchi, R. Richter, M. Albalawi, K. Nakamura, T. Kohriki, L. Zani, S. N. Mayekar, Svd Collaborations, Jakub Kandra, K. Prasanth, L. Macharski, S. Bacher, T. Morii, S. Bettarini, Jelena Ninkovic, Michael Ritzert, L. Bosisio, Jochen Dingfelder, Florian Schopper, Markus Friedl, D. Esperante, Ladislav Andricek, C. Kiesling, M. Boronat, H. Park, A. Bozek, Satoshi Tanaka, Tariq Aziz, Concettina Sfienti, C. W. Joo, R. Ayad, Seema Bahinipati, F. Lütticke, M. De Nuccio, U. Gebauer, Benjamin Schwenker, Zhiyong Liu, Steven Williams, Z. Natkaniec, Norbert Wermes, Carlos Marinas, B. Bhuyan, C. Schwanda, Shih-Chang Lee, T. Kuhr, G. Rizzo, W. Ostrowicz, S. Krivokuca, Frank Simon, B. Paschen, Maiko Takahashi, S. Vogt, H. G. Moser, R. Stever, Angel Dieguez, L. Gioi, F. Buchsteiner, Gerhard Schaller, H. Tanigawa, M. Gabriel, M. Hoek, A. Paladino, Rakesh Kumar, Gerhard Liemann, D. Getzkow, Peter Kvasnicka, B. Spruck, J.A.M. Grimaldo, Y. Onuki, K. H. Kang, T. Lueck, F. Poblotzki, S. Mccarney, P. K. Resmi, S. Schultschik, B. Gobbo, K. Lalwani, S. Rummel, D. Kittlinger, Ivan Peric, K. Gadow, Allen Caldwell, Martin Ritter, Dmytro Levit, Gagan Bihari Mohanty, To. Baroncelli, Keigo Hara, E. L. Barberio, F. Forti, L. Germic, U. Leis, A. Profeti, Tomasz Hemperek, S. Koike, B. Kisielewski, Marcel Vos, Peter Kodys, A. Bauer, P. Leitl, K. Ackermann, Ilya Komarov, Giulia Casarosa, H. Yin, Y. Soloviev, Jae-Young Lee, J. Fuster, Thomas Gessler, H. Schreeck, Phillip Urquijo, A. Martini, E. Paoloni, Carlos Lacasta, D. Červenkov, U. Stolzenberg, Pxd Belle Ii Depfet, L. Lanceri, I. Konorov, N. Dash, T. Czank, R. Blanco, G. N. Taylor, P. Wieduwilt, J. Suzuki, I. Rashevskaya, Hans Krüger, A. K. Basith, M. Rozanska, C. H. Wang, P. Kapusta, J. S. Lange, A. Rabusov, H. B. Jeon, Ivan Vila, A. Ishikawa, M. Schnecke, Filippo Bosi, T. Bilka, M. Watanabe, H. Ye, G. Caria, P. Gomis, E. Tafelmayer, M. Kumar, A. Frey, Jun Sasaki, J. Libby, K. Lautenbach, B. Deschamps, R. Sedlmeyer, Shoichi Watanuki, V. Bertacchi, Z. Doležal, S. Reiter, N. Kambara, Christian Irmler, C. Camien, T. Tsuboyama, J. Wiechczynski, Peter Fischer, W. Kun, P. Ahlburg, Wolfgang Kuhn, John Webb, L. Vitale, J. Zhao, Y. Bai, C. Niebuhr, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (Japan), Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (Austria), Australian Research Council, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Government of Czech Republic, Department of Science and Technology (India), Department of Atomic Energy (India), National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland), Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (Germany), Kodyš, P., Abudinen, F., Ackermann, K., Ahlburg, P., Aihara, H., Albalawi, M., Alonso, O., Andricek, L., Ayad, R., Aziz, T., Babu, V., Bacher, S., Bahinipati, S., Bai, Y., Barberio, E., Baroncelli, Ti., Baroncelli, To., Basith, A. K., Batignani, G., Bauer, A., Behera, P. K., Bertacchi, V., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Bilka, T., Blanco, R., Bosi, F., Boronat, M., Bosisio, L., Bozek, A., Buchsteiner, F., Camien, C., Caldwell, A., Caria, G., Casarosa, G., Ceccanti, M., Červenkov, D., Chekelian, V., Czank, T., Dash, N., De Nuccio, M., Deschamps, B., Dieguez, A., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Esperante, D., Fischer, P., Forti, F., Fras, M., Frey, A., Friedl, M., Fuster, J., Gabriel, M., Gadow, K., Gebauer, U., Germic, L., Gessler, T., Getzkow, D., Gioi, L., Gobbo, B., Gomis, P., Grimaldo, J. A. M., Hara, K., Heck, M., Hemperek, T., Hensel, M., Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Irmler, C., Ishikawa, A., Jeon, H. B., Joo, C., Kaleta, M., Kandra, J., Kambara, N., Kang, K. H., Kapusta, P., Kiesling, C., Kisielewski, B., Kittlinger, D., Klose, D., Koffmane, C., Kohriki, T., Koike, S., Komarov, I., Konorov, I., Krivokuca, S., Krüger, H., Kuhr, T., Kühn, W., Kumar, M., Kumar, R., Kun, W., Kvasnička, P., La Licata, C., Lacasta, C., Lalwani, K., Lanceri, L., Lange, J. S., Lautenbach, K., Lee, J. Y., Lee, S. C., Leis, U., Leitl, P., Levit, D., Libby, J., Liemann, G., Liu, Z., Lueck, T., Lütticke, F., Macharski, L., Mammini, P., Mariñas, C., Martini, A., Mayekar, S. N., Mccarney, S., Mohanty, G. B., Morii, T., Moser, H. G., Moya, D., Mueller, F. J., Müller, F., Münchow, D., Nakamura, K. R., Natkaniec, Z., Niebuhr, C., Ninkovic, J., Onuki, Y., Ostrowicz, W., Packheiser, U., Paladino, A., Paoloni, E., Park, H., Paschen, B., Paul, S., Peric, I., Poblotzki, F., Prasanth, K., Profeti, A., Rabusov, A., Rashevskaya, I., Rao, K. K., Reiter, S. P., P. K., Resmi, Richter, R., Ritter, M., Ritzert, M., Rizzo, G., Rozanska, M., Rummel, S., Sahoo, D., Sanchez, J. G., Sasaki, J., Sato, N., Scavino, B., Schaller, G., Schnecke, M., Schopper, F., Schreeck, H., Schultschik, S., Schwanda, C., Schwenker, B., Sedlmeyer, R., Sfienti, C., Simon, F., Skambraks, S., Soloviev, Y., Spruck, B., Stever, R., Stolzenberg, U., Stypula, J., Suzuki, J., Tafelmayer, E., Takahashi, M., Tanaka, S., Tanigawa, H., Taylor, G. N., Thalmeier, R., Tsuboyama, T., Urquijo, P., Vila, I., Virto, A. L., Vitale, L., Vogt, S., Vos, M., Wang, C., Watanuki, S., Watanabe, M., Watson, I. J., Webb, J., Wermes, N., Wessel, C., Wiechczynski, J., Wieduwilt, P., Williams, S., Windel, H., Ye, H., Yin, H., Zani, L., and Zhao, J.

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Silicon sensor, Phase (waves), Computer Science::Computational Geometry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Belle II, Data acquisition, Pixel detector, Strip detector, Vertex detector, Instrumentation, law, 0103 physical sciences, Collider, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Physics, Interconnection, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, data acquisition, pixel detector, silicon sensor, strip detector, vertex detector, Upgrade, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Focus (optics)
Abstract

Belle II DEPFET, PXD, and SVD Collaborations: et al., The Belle II experiment comes with a substantial upgrade of the Belle detector and will operate at the SuperKEKB energy-asymmetric ee collider with energies tuned to ϒ(4S) resonance s=10.588 GeV. The accelerator has successfully completed the first phase of commissioning in 2016 and the first electron–positron collisions in Belle II took place in April 2018. Belle II features a newly designed silicon vertex detector based on DEPFET pixel and double-sided strip layers. Currently, a subset of the vertex detector is installed (Phase 2 of the experiment). Installation of the full detector (Phase 3) will be completed by the end of 2018. This paper describes the Phase 2 arrangement of the Belle II silicon vertex detector, with focus on the interconnection of detectors and their integration with the software framework of Belle II. Alignment issues are discussed based on detector simulations and first acquired data., This work is supported by MSCA-RISE, European Union project JENNIFER (EU grant n. 644294), MEXT, Japan, WPI, and JSPS (Japan); ARC (Australia); BMWFW (Austria); MSMT, Czech Republic, GAUK 404316 (Czech Republic); AIDA-2020 (Germany); DAE, India and DST (India); INFN (Italy); NRF-2016K1A3A7A09005605 and RSRI (Korea); MNiSW (Poland); Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Germany); and MINECO, Spain grant FPA2015-71292-C2-1-P (Spain).

Published
2019

6. Commissioning and performance of the Belle II pixel detector

Author

Concettina Sfienti, F. Müller, Melissa K. Takahashi, R. Richter, S. Stefkova, A. Rabusov, S. Reiter, S. Mccarney, Benjamin Schwenker, D. Esperante, Ladislav Andricek, Allen Caldwell, Gerhard Schaller, Soumen Paul, M. Boronat, Michael Ritzert, D. Kittlinger, Q. Y. Liu, Ivan Vila, P. Leitl, K. Ackermann, D. Moya, I. Konorov, C. H. Wang, Norbert Wermes, Peter Kodys, B. Scavino, S. Krivokuca, Thomas Lück, P. Kapusta, B. Kisielewski, B. Deschamps, V. Babu, A. Frey, T. Kuhr, U. Gebauer, G. Giakoustidis, R. Sedlmeyer, Jelena Ninkovic, M. Schnecke, U. Leis, B. Spruck, J. Zhao, F. Lütticke, T. Bilka, Frank Simon, H. G. Moser, F. Mueller, V. Chekelian, K. Lautenbach, B. Paschen, Angel Dieguez, Oscar Alonso, P. Wieduwilt, Z. Doležal, J. Fuster, M. Fras, Zhiyong Liu, M. Heck, J. Sanchez, Gerhard Liemann, H. Ye, Thomas Gessler, Martin Ritter, Dmytro Levit, R. Ayad, P. Gomis, M. Hoek, P. Ahlburg, Belle-II Depfet, Peter Kvasnicka, Hans Krüger, C. Camien, F. Poblotzki, Carlos Marinas, E. Tafelmayer, S. Vogt, U. Stolzenberg, A. Bozek, Jochen Dingfelder, Florian Schopper, AL Virto, C. Koffmane, C. Niebuhr, H. Windel, F. Abudinen, Carlos Lacasta, D. Klose, M. Albalawi, Jakub Kandra, Daniel Greenwald, Y. Soloviev, L. Gioi, M. Hensel, J. S. Lange, L. Macharski, S. Skambraks, Ivan Peric, K. Gadow, M. Gabriel, Tomasz Hemperek, Marcel Vos, S. Huber, C. Kiesling, R. Stever, H. Schreeck, C. Wessel, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, European Commission, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), and World Premier International Research Center (Japan)

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics beyond the Standard Model, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), law.invention, Data set, Nuclear physics, Power consumption, law, 0103 physical sciences, Field-effect transistor, Collider, Instrumentation, Pixel detector
Abstract

Belle-II DEPFET and PXD Collaboration: et al., The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB energy-asymmetric e+ e- collider has completed a series of substantial upgrades and started collecting data in 2019. The experiment is expected to accumulate a data set of 50 ab−1 to explore new physics beyond the Standard Model at the intensity frontier. The pixel detector (PXD) of Belle II plays a key role in vertex determination. It has been developed using the DEpleted P-channel Field Effect Transistor (DEPFET) technology, which combines low power consumption in the active pixel area and low intrinsic noise with a very small material budget. In this paper, commissioning and performance of the PXD measured with first collision data are presented., This work is supported by MEXT, Japan, WPI, Japan, and JSPS (Japan); MSMT, GAUK 404316, MSCA-RISE project JENNIFER-2 (EU grant n. 822070) (Czech Republic); Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Germany) and MINECO, Spain grant FPA2015-71292-C2-1-P (Spain).

Published
2021

7. Belle II pixel detector: Performance of final DEPFET modules

Author

B. Deschamps, R. Sedlmeyer, Z. Doležal, S. Mccarney, S. Reiter, F. Lütticke, Zhiyong Liu, U. Packheiser, T. Kuhr, K. Lautenbach, P. Leitl, K. Ackermann, S. Krivokuca, L. Macharski, Belle-II Depfet, V. Babu, S. Skambraks, R. Ayad, B. Spruck, Allen Caldwell, S. Vogt, Thomas Gessler, Oscar Alonso, C. H. Wang, Martin Ritter, Dmytro Levit, Jochen Dingfelder, Florian Schopper, B. Kisielewski, H. G. Moser, Ivan Peric, K. Gadow, M. Hensel, C. Niebuhr, U. Leis, Angel Dieguez, Tomasz Hemperek, Peter Kvasnicka, H. Ye, Carlos Lacasta, M. Fras, A. Bozek, Marcel Vos, Ivan Vila, P. Wieduwilt, U. Stolzenberg, J. Zhao, D. Getzkow, H. Schreeck, P. Kapusta, V. Chekelian, C. Camien, A. Rabusov, Y. Bai, P. Ahlburg, Hans Krüger, M. Schnecke, Wolfgang Kuhn, Soumen Paul, T. Bilka, Frank Simon, L. Gioi, D. Moya, B. Scavino, D. Esperante, Ladislav Andricek, A. Frey, J. Fuster, S. Huber, C. Kiesling, I. Konorov, R. Stever, P. Gomis, E. Tafelmayer, Concettina Sfienti, R. Blanco, Jelena Ninkovic, Gerhard Schaller, B. Paschen, L. Germic, F. Abudinen, Carlos Marinas, Michael Ritzert, U. Gebauer, C. Koffmane, F. J. Müller, Maiko Takahashi, M. Hoek, F. Poblotzki, C. Wessel, D. Münchow, F. Müller, Y. Soloviev, S. Rummel, D. Kittlinger, J. S. Lange, Peter Kodys, M. Heck, J. Sanchez, R. Richter, Gerhard Liemann, M. Boronat, Norbert Wermes, H. Windel, D. Klose, M. Albalawi, Jakub Kandra, AL Virto, M. Gabriel, Benjamin Schwenker, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, World Premier International Research Center (Japan), European Commission, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Resolution (electron density), Detector, 01 natural sciences, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, PXD, Belle II, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Field-effect transistor, Vertex detector, Impact parameter, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, DEPFET, Pixel detector
Abstract

Belle-II DEPFET and PXD Collaboration: et al., A DEpleted P-channel Field Effect Transistor (DEPFET) based pixel detector was developed for the Belle II VerteX Detector (VXD). It is designed to achieve a good impact parameter resolution better than 15𝜇m at the very high luminosity conditions of this experiment. In the first half of 2018 four final production modules have been deployed in the commissioning run of the detector and their performance is discussed., This work is supported by MEXT, WPI, and JSPS (Japan); MSMT, GAUK 404316, MSCA-RISE project JENNIFER (EU grant n. 644294) (Czech Republic); Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Germany) and MINECO grant FPA2015-71292-C2-1-P (Spain).

Published
2020

8. Construction and response of a highly granular scintillator-based electromagnetic calorimeter

Author

J. Repond, L. Xia, G. Eigen, T. Price, N.K. Watson, A. Winter, M.A. Thomson, C. Cârloganu, G.C. Blazey, A. Dyshkant, K. Francis, V. Zutshi, K. Gadow, P. Göttlicher, O. Hartbrich, K. Kotera, F. Krivan, K. Krüger, S. Lu, B. Lutz, M. Reinecke, F. Sefkow, Y. Sudo, H.L. Tran, A. Kaplan, H.-Ch. Schultz-Coulon, B. Bilki, D. Northacker, Y. Onel, G.W. Wilson, K. Kawagoe, I. Sekiya, T. Suehara, H. Yamashiro, T. Yoshioka, E. Calvo Alamillo, M.C. Fouz, J. Marin, J. Navarrete, J. Puerta Pelayo, A. Verdugo, M. Chadeeva, M. Danilov, M. Gabriel, P. Goecke, C. Graf, Y. Israeli, N. van der Kolk, F. Simon, M. Szalay, H. Windel, S. Bilokin, J. Bonis, R. Pöschl, A. Thiebault, F. Richard, D. Zerwas, V. Balagura, V. Boudry, J.-C. Brient, R. Cornat, J. Cvach, M. Janata, M. Kovalcuk, J. Kvasnicka, I. Polak, J. Smolik, V. Vrba, J. Zalesak, J. Zuklin, W. Choi, M. Nishiyama, T. Sakuma, T. Takeshita, S. Tozuka, T. Tsubokawa, S. Uozumi, D. Jeans, W. Ootani, L. Liu, S. Chang, A. Khan, D.H. Kim, D.J. Kong, Y.D. Oh, T. Ikuno, Y. Takahashi, M. Götze, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CALICE, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont ( LPC ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet ( LLR ), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, SiPM, energy resolution, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Electron, STRIPS, Scintillator, Particle flow, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, Nuclear physics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Silicon photomultiplier, Electromagnetic calorimeter, law, 0103 physical sciences, electron: irradiation, ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Fermilab, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Nuclear Experiment, Collider, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], physics.ins-det, Instrumentation, scintillation counter, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, CALICE, calorimeter: design, MPPC, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Transverse plane, calorimeter: electromagnetic, Scintillation counter, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Granular
Abstract

Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research / A 887, 150 - 168 (2018). doi:10.1016/j.nima.2018.01.016, A highly granular electromagnetic calorimeter with scintillator strip readout is being developed for future linear collider experiments. A prototype of 21.5 $X_0$depth and $180 \times 180$ $mm^2$ transverse dimensions was constructed, consisting of 2160 individually read out $10\times 45\times 3$ $mm^3$ scintillator strips. This prototype was tested using electrons of 2–32 $Ge V$ at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility in 2009. Deviations from linear energy response were less than 1.1%, and the intrinsic energy resolution was determined to be $(12.5\pm 0.1(stat.)\pm 0.4(syst.))\%$ $/$ $\sqrt{E[Ge V]}\oplus \left( 1.2\pm 0.1(stat.)_{-0.7}^{+0.6}(syst.)\right)\%$, where the uncertainties correspond to statistical and systematic sources, respectively., Published by North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam

Published
2018
Full Text
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9. Data quality monitors of vertex detectors at the start of the Belle II experiment

Author

Oscar Alonso, Tomoyuki Kono, S. Bacher, M. Fras, S. Das, S. Skambraks, S. Watanuki, Zhen’An Liu, S. Reiter, S. Bettarini, Takeo Higuchi, U. Stolzenberg, T. Zhang, A. Paladino, Toru Tsuboyama, L. Corona, J. Baudot, S. Mccarney, Rainer Richter, Benjamin Schwenker, Concettina Sfienti, M. Hensel, Nils Braun, Boqun Wang, P. Kodyš, K. K. Rao, O. Verbycka, Lorenzo Vitale, Mikihiko Nakao, M. Heck, J. Sanchez, H. Windel, G. Batignani, Jesus Abudinen, Katsuro Nakamura, Michael Ritzert, K. Adamczyk, Eugenio Paoloni, Dipak Kumar Sahoo, K. Lautenbach, Daniel Greenwald, H. Yin, Y. Soloviev, I. Ripp-Baudot, C. Niebuhr, T. Czank, S. Y. Suzuki, U. Leis, Gerhard Liemann, C. W. Joo, M. Gabriel, S. Yamada, L. Zani, Jelena Ninkovic, Gaetano de Marino, Markus Friedl, Igor Konorov, L. Gioi, B. Deschamps, T. Kuhr, S. Krivokuca, Mohammed Albalawi, Gerhard Schaller, D. Klose, R. Sedlmeyer, Hua Ye, L. Macharski, B. Paschen, Y. B. Li, U. Gebauer, Stephan Paul, Allen Caldwell, Chiara La Licata, Chunhua Li, F. Buchsteiner, Oskar Hartbrich, Jakub Kandra, A. B. Kaliyar, Z. Doležal, N. Rout, Shuji Tanaka, Norbert Wermes, H. Aihara, Christian Irmler, C. Camien, Vladimir Chekelian, P. Leitl, K. Ackermann, Thomas Gessler, Souvik Maity, B. Spruck, R. Itoh, J.A.M. Grimaldo, D. Moya, S. Bahinipati, G. Dujany, Seokhee Park, R. Thalmeier, B. Kisielewski, Christian Koffmane, Jochen Dingfelder, Florian Schopper, F. Forti, Carlos Marinas, A. Ishikawa, E. Ganiev, B. Scavino, AL Virto, S. N. Mayekar, Pablo Gomis López, Maiko Takahashi, T. Kohriky, Y. Uematsu, Frank Simon, P. Wieduwilt, Z. Natkaniec, T. Aziz, M. Hoek, Daniel Esperante, D. Kittlinger, M. Kaleta, H. G. Moser, Angel Dieguez, Ladislav Andricek, Giulia Casarosa, R. Ayad, F. Poblotzki, L. Santelj, T. Morii, A. Bozek, H. Tanigawa, N. Sato, B. Gobbo, K. Lalwani, Jens Sören Lange, H. Schreeck, Qingyuan Liu, F. Müller, Martin Ritter, Dmytro Levit, K. H. Kang, N. Dash, Rajeev Kumar, D. Červenkov, Yeqi Chen, G. B. Mohanty, F. Luetticke, Hans Krüger, Peter Kvasnicˇka, A. Rabusov, C. Kiesling, C. Wessel, G. Rizzo, R. Stever, Y. Onuki, V. Babu, Yinghui Guan, Stefan M. Huber, G. Giakoustidis, Ivan Peric, K. Gadow, Koji Hara, James Webb, Marca Boronat, Tomasz Hemperek, Marcel Vos, Thomas Lück, Prafulla Kumar Behera, Seungcheol Lee, Juan Fuster, K. Wan, P. Kapusta, J. Wiechczynski, P. Ahlburg, M. Schnecke, S. Halder, T. Bilka, Christoph Schwanda, W. Ostrowicz, S. Stefkova, L. Lanceri, J. Libby, M. Kumar, A. Frey, S. Hazra, E. Tafelmayer, Felix Johannes Müller, H. B. Jeon, Ivan Vila, H. Park, S. Vogt, Carlos Lacasta, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Belle-II, PXD, SVD, DAQ, DQM, and software

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, QC1-999, vertex detector, BELLE, quality: monitoring, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, programming, Silicon vertex detector, law.invention, Nuclear physics, semiconductor detector: pixel, law, 0103 physical sciences, Quality monitoring, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Collider, numerical calculations, detector: design, activity report, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Upgrade, Full data, Data quality, Physics::Accelerator Physics, semiconductor detector: microstrip, High Energy Physics::Experiment, upgrade, Vertex detector, monitoring: on-line, performance
Abstract

The Belle II experiment features a substantial upgrade of the Belle detector and will operate at the SuperKEKB energy-asymmetric e+e− collider at KEK in Tsukuba, Japan. The accelerator completed its first phase of commissioning in 2016, and the Belle II detector saw its first electron-positron collisions in April 2018. Belle II features a newly designed silicon vertex detector based on double-sided strip layers and DEPFET pixel layers. A subset of the vertex detector was operated in 2018 to determine background conditions (Phase 2 operation). The collaboration completed full detector installation in January 2019, and the experiment started full data taking. This paper will report on the final arrangement of the silicon vertex detector part of Belle II with a focus on online monitoring of detector conditions and data quality, on the design and use of diagnostic and reference plots, and on integration with the software framework of Belle II. Data quality monitoring plots will be discussed with a focus on simulation and acquired cosmic and collision data.

Published
2019

10. Efficacy of Retreatment After Failed Direct-acting Antiviral Therapy in Patients With HCV Genotype 1–3 Infections

Author

Julia Dietz, Ulrich Spengler, Beat Müllhaupt, Julian Schulze zur Wiesch, Felix Piecha, Stefan Mauss, Barbara Seegers, Holger Hinrichsen, Christoph Antoni, Perdita Wietzke-Braun, Kai-Henrik Peiffer, Annemarie Berger, Katrin Matschenz, Peter Buggisch, Johanna Backhus, Eugen Zizer, Tobias Boettler, Christoph Neumann-Haefelin, David Semela, Rudolf Stauber, Thomas Berg, Christoph Berg, Stefan Zeuzem, Johannes Vermehren, Christoph Sarrazin, J. Balavoine, E. Giostra, M. Berning, J. Hampe, A. De Gottardi, A. Rauch, N. Semmo, T. Discher, J. Trauth, J. Fischer, M. Gress, R. Günther, H. Heinzow, J. Schmidt, A. Herrmann, A. Stallmach, G. Hilgard, K. Deterding, C.M. Lange, S. Ciesek, H. Wedemeyer, D. Hoffmann, H. Klinker, P. Schulze, F. Kocheise, M. Müller-Schilling, A. Kodal, A. Kremer, M. Ganslmayer, J. Siebler, F. Lammert, J. Rissland, M. Löbermann, T. Götze, A. Canbay, A. Lohse, J. von Felden, S. Jordan, A. Maieron, D. Moradpour, J.-P. Chave, C. Moreno, T. Müller, M. Muche, H.-J. Epple, K. Port, T. von Hahn, M. Cornberg, M. Manns, L. Reinhardt, V. Ellenrieder, J. Rockstroh, J. Schattenberg, M. Sprinzl, P. Galle, E. Roeb, M. Steckstor, W. Schmiegel, N.H. Brockmeyer, T. Seufferlein, W. Stremmel, B. Strey, R. Thimme, A. Teufel, R. Vogelmann, M. Ebert, K. Tomasiewicz, C. Trautwein, F. Tacke, T. Koenen, T. Weber, R. Zachoval, J. Mayerle, B. Raziorrouh, W. Angeli, S. Beckebaum, C. Doberauer, E. Durmashkina, A. Hackelsberger, A. Erhardt, A. Garrido-Lüneburg, H. Gattringer, D. Genné, M. Gschwantler, F. Gundling, S. Hametner, R. Schöfl, C. Hartmann, T. Heyer, C. Hirschi, A. Jussios, S. Kanzler, N. Kordecki, M. Kraus, U. Kullig, S. Wollschläger, L. Magenta, B. Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli, M. Menges, L. Mohr, K. Muehlenberg, C. Niederau, B. Paulweber, A. Petrides, M. Pinkernell, R. Piso, W. Rambach, M. Reiser, B. Riecken, A. Rieke, J. Roth, M. Schelling, P. Schlee, A. Schneider, D. Scholz, E. Schott, M. Schuchmann, U. Schulten-Baumer, A. Seelhoff, A. Stich, F. Stickel, J. Ungemach, E. Walter, A. Weber, T. Winzer, W. Abels, M. Adler, F. Audebert, C. Baermann, E. Bästlein, R. Barth, K. Barthel, W. Becker, J. Behrends, J. Benninger, F. Berger, D. Berzow, T. Beyer, M. Bierbaum, O. Blaukat, A. Bodtländer, G. Böhm, N. Börner, U. Bohr, B. Bokemeyer, H.R. Bruch, D. Bucholz, O. Burkhard, N. Busch, C. Chirca, R. Delker, J. Diedrich, M. Frank, M. Diehl, A. Dienethal, P. Dietel, N. Dikopoulos, M. Dreck, F. Dreher, L. Drude, K. Ende, U. Ehrle, K. Baumgartl, F. Emke, R. Glosemeyer, G. Felten, D. Hüppe, U. Fischer, D. Frederking, B. Frick, G. Friese, B. Gantke, P. Geyer, H.R. Schwind, M. Glas, T. Glaunsinger, F. Goebel, U. Göbel, B. Görlitz, R. Graf, H. Gruber, G. Härter, M. Herder, T. Heuchel, S. Heuer, K.-H. Höffl, H. Hörster, J.-U. Sonne, W.P. Hofmann, F. Holst, M. Hunstiger, A. Hurst, E. Jägel-Guedes, C. John, M. Jung, B. Kallinowski, B. Kapzan, W. Kerzel, P. Khaykin, M. Klarhof, U. Klüppelberg, K. Klugewitz, B. Knapp, U. Knevels, T. Kochsiek, A. Körfer, A. Köster, M. Kuhn, A. Langekamp, B. Künzig, R. Link, M. Littman, H. Löhr, T. Lutz, G. Knecht, U. Lutz, D. Mainz, I. Mahle, P. Maurer, C. Mayer, V. Meister, H. Möller, R. Heyne, D. Moritzen, M. Mroß, M. Mundlos, U. Naumann, O. Nehls, K.&R. Ningel, A. Oelmann, H. Olejnik, K. Gadow, E. Pascher, J. Petersen, A. Philipp, M. Pichler, F. Polzien, R. Raddant, M. Riedel, S. Rietzler, M. Rössle, W. Rufle, A. Rump, C. Schewe, C. Hoffmann, D. Schleehauf, K.J. Schmidt, W. Schmidt, G. Schmidt-Heinevetter, J. Schmidtler-von Fabris, E. Schnaitmann, L. Schneider, A. Schober, S. Niehaus-Hahn, J. Schwenzer, T. Seidel, G. Seitel, C. Sick, K.G. Simon, D. Stähler, F. Stenschke, H. Steffens, K. Stein, M. Steinmüller, T. Sternfeld, K. Svensson, W. Tacke, G. Teuber, K. Teubner, J. Thieringer, A. Tomesch, U. Trappe, J. Ullrich, G. Urban, S. Usadel, A. von Lucadou, F. Weinberger, M. Werheid-Dobers, P. Werner, T. Winter, E. Zehnter, and A. Zipf

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Elbasvir, Daclatasvir, Genotype, Sustained Virologic Response, Sofosbuvir, Combination therapy, Voxilaprevir, Hepacivirus, Viral Nonstructural Proteins, Chronic liver disease, Antiviral Agents, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Drug Resistance, Viral, medicine, Humans, Hepatology, business.industry, Ribavirin, Liver Neoplasms, Gastroenterology, Hepatitis C, Chronic, medicine.disease, Hepatitis C, chemistry, Grazoprevir, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Retreatment, Drug Therapy, Combination, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Hepatitis C virus infection is causing chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. By combining direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), high sustained virologic response rates (SVRs) can be achieved. Resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) are commonly observed after DAA failure, and especially nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) RASs may impact retreatment options.1-3 Data on retreatment of DAA failure patients using first-generation DAAs are limited.4-7 Recently, a second-generation protease- and NS5A-inhibitor plus sofosbuvir (voxilaprevir/velpatasvir/sofosbuvir [VOX/VEL/SOF]) was approved for retreatment after DAA failure.8 However, this and other second-generation regimens are not available in many resource-limited countries or are not reimbursed by regular insurance, and recommendations regarding the selection of retreatment regimens using first-generation DAAs are very important. This study aimed to analyze patients who were re-treated with first-generation DAAs after failure of a DAA combination therapy.

Published
2021

11. Thermal mock-up studies of the Belle II vertex detector

Author

K. Gadow, R. Stever, H. Ye, C. Niebuhr, and C. Camien

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Nuclear engineering, vertex detector, BELLE, Cooling capacity, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, thermal, carbon: oxygen, semiconductor detector: pixel, heat engineering, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Water cooling, ddc:530, Electronics, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, pixel [semiconductor detector], Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, DESY, Upgrade, Mockup, oxygen [carbon], performance
Abstract

Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research / A 896, 82 - 89 (2018). doi:10.1016/j.nima.2018.04.023, The ongoing upgrade of the asymmetric electron–positron collider SuperKEKB at the KEK laboratory, Japan aims at a 40-fold increase of the peak luminosity to $8 × 10^{35} cm^ {−2} s ^{−1}$ . At the same time the complex Belle II detector is being significantly upgraded to be able to cope with the higher background level and trigger rates and to improve overall performance. The goal of the experiment is to explore physics beyond the standard model with a target integrated luminosity of 50 ab$^{−1}$ in the next decade. The new vertex detector (VXD), comprising two layers of DEPFET pixel detectors (PXD) surrounded by 4 layers of double sided silicon strip detectors (SVD), is indispensable for vertex determination as well as for reconstruction of low momentum tracks that do not reach the central drift chamber (CDC). Within the confined VXD volume the front-end electronics of the two detectors will dissipate about 1 kW of heat. The VXD cooling system has been designed to remove this heat with the constraint to minimize extra dead material in the physics acceptance region. Taking into account additional heat intake from the environment the cooling system must have a cooling capacity of 2–3 kW. To achieve this goal evaporative two-phase CO$_2$ cooling in combination with forced $N_2$ flow is used in the VXD cooling system. In order to verify and optimize the cooling concept and to demonstrate that acceptable operation conditions for the VXD system as well as the surrounding CDC can be obtained, a full size VXD thermal mock-up has been built at DESY. Various thermal and mechanical tests carried out with this mock-up are reported., Published by North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam

Published
2018
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12. Hadronic Energy Resolution of a Combined High Granularity Scintillator Calorimeter System

Author

Djamel Eddine Boumediene, T. Tubokawa, P. Buhmann, C. Neubüser, H. Videau, M. Rubio-Roy, E. Brianne, I. Sekiya, M. Danilov, F. Krivan, M. Götze, E. Calvo Alamillo, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, K. Francis, N. van der Kolk, T. Sakuma, H. Yamashiro, C. Graf, P. Göttlicher, A. Drutskoy, Alberto Ribon, S. Bilokin, Taikan Suehara, Shih-Fu Chang, Huong Lan Tran, Tamaki Yoshioka, V. Balagura, G. C. Blazey, M. Kovalcuk, J-C. Brient, D. H. Kim, K. Kotera, A. Provenza, Matthew Wing, M. Janata, V. Ivantchenko, B. Li, Lei Xia, O. Hartbrich, Frank Simon, M. Nishiyama, D. Yu, C. Zeitnitz, Gunter Folger, Roman Pöschl, J. J. Navarrete, John Apostolakis, Frédéric Magniette, Marina Chadeeva, M. Frotin, A. Verdugo, J. Nanni, M. Matysek, J. Smolik, M. Anduze, S. Schuwalow, H. Ch Schultz-Coulon, D. Lomidze, A. Kaplan, Y. D. Oh, K. Gadow, R. Cornat, E. Popova, Vladimir Rusinov, Graham Wilson, E. Tarkovsky, J. C. Marin, V. Zutshi, I. Polak, J. Zuklin, K. Kruger, J. Kvasnicka, M. Reinecke, V. Uzhinskiy, T. H. Tran, A.S. Dyshkant, S. Lu, D. Jeans, M. C. Fouz, J. Puerta Pelayo, V. Francais, Abdul Rauf Khan, S. Laurien, S. Uozumi, Vaclav Vrba, A. Elkhalii, K. Shpak, D. J. Kong, J. Bonis, Dirk Zerwas, O. Bach, J. Zálešák, S. Tozuka, E. Becheva, Y. Israeli, Erika Garutti, F. Richard, J. Cvach, E. Edy, A. Irles, F. Sefkow, Yuji Sudo, Jose Repond, L. Emberger, Vincent Boudry, M. Gabriel, H. Windel, Tohru Takeshita, M. Szalay, A. Ebrahimi, F. Gastaldi, A. Thiebault, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CALICE, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Photomultiplier, data analysis method, energy resolution: momentum dependence, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Hadron, pi-: energy spectrum, FOS: Physical sciences, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, programming, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Nuclear physics, pi: irradiation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, statistical analysis, calorimeter: hadronic, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:610, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Nuclear Experiment, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, scintillation counter, Physics, Muon, Calorimeter (particle physics), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, CALICE, showers: spatial distribution, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), calorimeter: electromagnetic, statistics, Scintillation counter, GEANT, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Granularity, muon: tracking detector, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

This paper presents results obtained with the combined CALICE Scintillator Electromagnetic Calorimeter, Analogue Hadronic Calorimeter and Tail Catcher & Muon Tracker, three high granularity scintillator-SiPM calorimeter prototypes. The response of the system to pions with momenta between 4 GeV/c and 32 GeV/c is analysed, including the energy response, resolution, and longitudinal shower profiles. The results of a software compensation technique based on weighting according to hit energy are compared to those of a standard linear energy reconstruction. The results are compared to predictions of the GEANT4 physics lists QGSP_BERT_HP and FTFP_BERT_HP., 31 pages, 41 figures

Published
2018

13. Tracking within Hadronic Showers in the CALICE SDHCAL prototype using a Hough Transform Technique

Author

R. Cornat, H. Hirai, Frank Simon, T. H. Tran, A. Provenza, H. Mathez, K. Kruger, S. Lu, E. Brianne, Zhenan Liu, Taikan Suehara, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, W. Park, Francois Corriveau, Marina Chadeeva, P. Göttlicher, D. Yu, L. Caponetto, J. C. Marin, Qian Yue, S. Callier, A. Pingault, G. Grenier, E. Becheva, J. C. Brient, Dirk Zerwas, Djamel Eddine Boumediene, P. Goecke, M. Rubio-Roy, C. Combaret, Arnaud Steen, N. van der Kolk, A. Ebrahimi, Michael Tytgat, C. Carloganu, F. Krivan, G. Garillot, N. Zaganidis, Shih-Chang Lee, I. Polak, S. Mannai, S. Bilokin, E. Calvo Alamillo, A. Petrukhin, F. Gastaldi, A. Thiebault, G. Cho, Y. Li, R. Eté, J. Cvach, Vladislav Balagura, F. Sefkow, Y. Israeli, M. Gabriel, J. Puerta-Pelayo, J. J. Navarrete, Frédéric Magniette, Laurent Mirabito, V. Boudry, M. Reinecke, J. Kvasnicka, A. Verdugo, L. Raux, A. Irles, K. Kotera, C. Graf, H. Windel, J. Zálešák, N. Lumb, N. Seguin-Moreau, M. Kovalcuk, Y. Wang, Zhi Deng, E. Cortina Gil, Ch. de la Taille, Yuji Sudo, S. Schuwalow, H. Videau, Zishuo Yang, Vaclav Vrba, J. C. Ianigro, M. Szalay, Huong Lan Tran, K. Gadow, G. Martin-Chassard, J. Berenguer Antequera, J. Nanni, T. Kurca, R. Kieffer, Imad Baptiste Laktineh, H. Sumida, V. Buridon, F. Dulucq, Tamaki Yoshioka, O. Hartbrich, Manqi Ruan, R. Han, J. Bonis, J. Zuklin, M. Anduze, M. C. Fouz, V. Francais, K. Shpak, R. Pöschl, Francois Richard, J. Smolik, S. Vallecorsa, D. W. Kim, M. Janata, S. Cauwenbergh, B. Li, C. Neubüser, O. Bach, Yacine Haddad, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Organisation de Micro-Électronique Générale Avancée (OMEGA), École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CALICE, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)

Subjects
data analysis method, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, showers: hadronic, Tracking (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Hough transform, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Calorimeters, Gaseous detectors, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, calorimeter: hadronic, numerical methods, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], CALICE, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], ddc:610, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Calorimeter methods, numerical calculations, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Physics, hep-ex, track data analysis, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Track (disk drive), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Calorimeter, Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Granularity, Particle Physics - Experiment, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

Journal of Instrumentation 12(05), P05009 (2017). doi:10.1088/1748-0221/12/05/P05009, The high granularity of the CALICE Semi-Digital Hadronic CALorimeter (SDHCAL)provides the capability to reveal the track segments present in hadronic showers. These segmentsare then used as a tool to probe the behaviour of the active layers in situ, to better reconstructthe energy of these hadronic showers and also to distinguish them from electromagnetic ones. Inaddition, the comparison of these track segments in data and the simulation helps to discriminateamong the different shower models used in the simulation. To extract the track segments in theshowers recorded in the SDHCAL, a Hough Transform is used after being adapted to the presenceof the dense core of the hadronic showers and the SDHCAL active medium structure., Published by Inst. of Physics, London

Published
2017

14. Mr. Kim et al. Reply.

Author

Kim H, Greene A, Eaton NR, Lerner M, and Gadow K

Subjects
Communication, Humans, Phenotype, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Autistic Disorder
Abstract

We write to respond to an erudite letter to the editor by Zachary J. Williams. 1 that extended analyses presented in our recent publication 2 investigating the latent structure of autism phenotypic symptoms. The letter by Williams reported results of a bifactor analysis using the standardized loadings and interfactor correlations derived from a Schmid-Leiman orthogonalization of the optimal correlated factor model that we identified. Williams examined the relative contributions of the general and three specific autism symptom factors (ie, social interaction [SI], communication [COM], and restrictive and repetitive behavior [RRB]) to the autism symptom indicators. Those analyses indicated that the majority of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptom covariation could be explained by a single general autism factor, whereas the three specific autism symptom factors accounted for minimal covariation among indicators. To pursue the intriguing points raised in the letter, we performed additional analyses using the original raw data., (Copyright © 2019 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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15. Quantifying the Optimal Structure of the Autism Phenotype: A Comprehensive Comparison of Dimensional, Categorical, and Hybrid Models.

Author

Kim H, Keifer C, Rodriguez-Seijas C, Eaton N, Lerner M, and Gadow K

Subjects
Adolescent, Child, Communication, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Young Adult, Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis, Autism Spectrum Disorder psychology, Models, Psychological, Phenotype
Abstract

Objective: The two primary-seemingly contradictory-strategies for classifying child psychiatric syndromes are categorical and dimensional; conceptual ambiguities appear to be greatest for polythetic syndromes such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Recently, a compelling alternative has emerged that integrates both categorical and dimensional approaches (ie, a hybrid model), thanks to the increasing sophistication of analytic procedures. This study aimed to quantify the optimal phenotypic structure of ASD by comprehensively comparing categorical, dimensional, and hybrid models., Method: The sample comprised 3,825 youth, who were consecutive referrals to a university developmental disabilities or child psychiatric outpatient clinic. Caregivers completed the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-4R (CASI-4R), which includes an ASD symptom rating scale. A series of latent class analyses, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and factor mixture analyses was conducted. Replication analyses were conducted in an independent sample (N = 2,503) of children referred for outpatient evaluation., Results: Based on comparison of 44 different models, results indicated that the ASD symptom phenotype is best conceptualized as multidimensional versus a categorical or categorical-dimensional hybrid construct. ASD symptoms were best characterized as falling along three dimensions (ie, social interaction, communication, and repetitive behavior) on the CASI-4R., Conclusion: Findings reveal an optimal structure with which to characterize the ASD phenotype using a single, parent-report measure, supporting the presence of multiple correlated symptom dimensions that traverse formal diagnostic boundaries and quantify the heterogeneity of ASD. These findings inform understanding of how neurodevelopmental disorders can extend beyond discrete categories of development and represent continuously distributed traits across the range of human behaviors., (Copyright © 2018 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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16. Development of the Parent-Rated Anxiety Scale for Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Author

Scahill L, Lecavalier L, Schultz RT, Evans AN, Maddox B, Pritchett J, Herrington J, Gillespie S, Miller J, Amoss RT, Aman MG, Bearss K, Gadow K, and Edwards MC

Subjects
Adolescent, Anxiety complications, Anxiety psychology, Anxiety Disorders complications, Anxiety Disorders psychology, Autism Spectrum Disorder complications, Autism Spectrum Disorder psychology, Child, Child, Preschool, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Parents, Psychometrics instrumentation, Reproducibility of Results, Severity of Illness Index, Surveys and Questionnaires, Anxiety diagnosis, Anxiety Disorders diagnosis, Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
Abstract

Objective: Anxiety is common in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There is no accepted outcome measure for anxiety in this population., Method: Following a series of focus groups with parents of youth with ASD, we generated 72 items (scored 0-3). Parents of 990 youth with ASD (aged 5-17 years; 80.8% male) completed an online survey. Factor analysis and item response theory analyses reduced the content to a single factor with 25 items. Youth with at least mild anxiety (n = 116; aged 5-17 years; 79.3% male) participated in a comprehensive clinical assessment to evaluate the validity and reliability of the 25-item Parent-Rated Anxiety Scale for ASD (PRAS-ASD)., Results: In the online sample, the mean PRAS-ASD score was 29.04 ± 14.9 (range, 0-75). The coefficient α was 0.93. The item response theory results indicated excellent reliability across a wide range of scores with low standard errors. In the clinical sample (n = 116), the PRAS-ASD mean was 31.0 ± 15.6 (range, 1-65). Pearson correlations with parent ratings of ASD symptom severity, repetitive behavior, and disruptive behavior ranged 0.33 to 0.66, supporting divergent validity of the PRAS-ASD. Pearson correlation with a parent-rated measure of anxiety used in the general pediatric population of 0.83 supported convergent validity. A total of 40 participants (32 boys, 8 girls; mean age, 11.9 ± 3.4 years) returned at time 2 (mean, 12.2 days) and time 3 (mean, 24.2 days). Intraclass correlation showed test-retest reliabilities of 0.88 and 0.86 at time 2 and time 3, respectively., Conclusion: The 25-item PRAS-ASD is a reliable and valid scale for measuring anxiety in youth with ASD., (Copyright © 2019 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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17. Factor Validity of a Proactive and Reactive Aggression Rating Scale.

Author

Kaat A, Farmer C, Gadow K, Findling RL, Bukstein O, Arnold LE, Bangalore S, McNamara N, and Aman M

Abstract

Aggressive behaviors can be classified into proactive and reactive functions, though there is disagreement about whether these are distinct constructs. Data suggest that proactive and reactive aggression have different etiologies, correlates, and response to treatment. Several rating scales are available to characterize aggressive behavior as proactive or reactive; one commonly used scale was originally developed for teacher ratings, referred to here as the Antisocial Behavior Scale (ABS). However, no data are available on the psychometric properties of the ABS for parent ratings. This study examined the factor structure and convergent/divergent validity of the parent-rated ABS among 168 children aged 6-12 years with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, a disruptive behavior disorder, and severe aggression enrolled in a randomized clinical trial. Multidimensional item response theory was used to confirm the original factor structure. The proactive and reactive factors were distinct but moderately correlated; the algorithm items exhibited acceptable fit on the original factors. The non-algorithm items caused theoretical problems and model misfit. Convergent and divergent validity of the scale was explored between the ABS and other parent-report measures. Proactive and reactive aggression showed differential correlates consistent with expectations for externalizing symptoms. The subscales were correlated weakly or not at all with most non-externalizing symptoms, with some exceptions. Thus, the original factor structure was supported and we found preliminary evidence for the validity of the scale, though the results suggest that the constructs measured by the ABS may not be totally distinct from general behavior problems in this clinical sample.

Published
2015
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