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Los productos y subproductos agrícolas han mostrado gran relevancia en las últimas décadas, debido a que lejos de ser considerados desechos y en algunos casos contaminantes, pueden ser utilizados como materia prima o insumos para la generación de productos con valor agregado, o bien, utilizados como alternativas en el tratamiento de enfermedades y en la nutrición animal; estas acciones, por consiguiente, reducen el impacto ambiental de dichos compuestos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el estado del arte del aprovechamiento biotecnológico de los productos y subproductos agrícolas, para generar una perspectiva que contribuya al desarrollo sostenible del país. Con los resultados obtenidos podemos concluir que existe un potencial viable para utilizar los productos y subproductos agrícolas en las diversas actividades de la medicina veterinaria y la zootecnia.

Purpose Highly deprived urban contexts, such as informal settlements in the global south, can turn into niches of extreme innovation and sparkle ingenuity out of necessity. But what are the rationales behind the participation of disadvantaged communities in social innovations? Why do they engage in grassroots innovations? What is it that makes these grassroots try novelties and continue experimenting with them, even when the perceived benefits are not clear yet? This paper aims to examine and conceptualize the rationales for engaging in grassroots financial innovations in the context of extremely deprived urban settings. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on the case of grassroots organizations which have started experimenting with the development of a community currency in Kisumu, Kenya. This paper is informed by in-depth interviews with members of three grassroots organizations involved in the community currency, together with observations and meeting participation since 2019. Findings The rationales argued by the participants for engaging in this grassroots innovation are framed in various ways: as a means for seeking poverty alleviation (the development framing); as a challenge to conventional imaginaries of innovations (the digital framing); and as an innovation embedded in community and trust relations (the community framing). These framings have a mobilizing effect that initially draws participants into the innovation. Yet, what explains persistent participation despite the decreasing influence of these framings over time is the organizational space and strategies of incompleteness accommodating these experiments. Originality/value This paper contributes to the emerging body of grassroots innovations movements literature. While research has progressed in its understandings of the challenges of scaling up innovative practices, the examination of the grassroots initiatives stemming from extremely deprived settings, and the rationales and framings behind, have been under examined. This paper comes to bridge this gap.

El género Tithonia, ha sido ampliamente estudiado para determinar sus efectos bioactivos de interés farmacéutico y nutricional, por lo que el objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto antioxidante y antibacterial de 5 extractos de Tithonia tubaeformis, obtenidos con solventes de polaridad ascendente, hexano, diclorometano, acetato de etilo, metanol y etanol. Se identificó la presencia de taninos, alcaloides y fenoles totales. Se midió el efecto antioxidante a los radicales ABTS, DPPH y poder reductor al ion férrico, se determinó la CMI de cada extracto sobre Escherichia. coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis y Listeria monocytogenes. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que los cinco extractos tienen efecto antioxidante sobre los radicales ABTS, DPPH, y potencial reductor al ion férrico; sin embargo, los extractos que presentaron un efecto estadísticamente significativo (P

Background: Caries is a disease with a high prevalence, which may be due to the lack of adequate methods for its early diagnosis, becomes difficult to detect initial caries lesions in posterior teeth due to the occlusal anatomy of these and because on many occasions they start in the interproximal zone below the contact areas. Different techniques have been used for the diagnosis of caries, such as visual-tactile inspection, radiography, tomography, and transillumination, but none of them seems to have complete sensitivity or specificity. Aim: This study aims to establish the degree of agreement between radiographic diagnosis with 2D intraoral digital radiography in relation to cone beam computed tomography in extracted carious and healthy posterior teeth, practicing the CariesCare International ™ practical guide as a reference. Materials and Methods: A total number of 117 teeth with or without carious lesions were selected. Digital images of all teeth were obtained from 2D digital radiographs (instrumentarium ™ films) obtained with Kavo focus equipment and CBCT scanner I-CAT ™ model 1719, ISI (imaging science international), Pennsylvania (blue sky plan 4 software). Observers evaluated the images for the detection of carious lesions. The sensitivity and specificity ratio between the systems was determined using the area under the curve statistical tool ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic). For the statistical analysis, the statistical program STATA IC/16 was used, in which the calculation of absolute and relative frequencies for each category of CariesCare international in CBCT and radiography was performed, in addition to the Friedman and post-hoc Wilcoxon test by pairs; the distribution according to the classification of CariesCare international was contrasted between the CBCT slices. The calculation of weighted Kappa and dichotomous Kappa and the calculation of validity (sensitivity and specificity) and prediction (predictive values and predictive ratios) were performed. The distribution according to CariesCare international classification was contrasted between the CBCT slices. Results: The results of the present study confirm that diagnosis of caries with the 2D digital radiographic method, initial caries lesions tend to go undetected relative to CBCT. Conclusion: 2D digital radiographs showed low sensitivity for caries detection and high specificity relative to CBCT for caries lesions in vitro. Diagnosis with 2D digital Rx is considered non-discriminative in identifying initial caries lesions.

The online version of the original article can be found athttps://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B2100201 Erratum to: J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B (Biomed & Biotechnol) 2021 22(12):1045-1052 https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B2100201

Hoy en día la industria alimentaria busca nuevas tecnologías que permitan aumentar la vida útil de productos frescos. Los recubrimientos alimenticios son una tecnología económica y amigable con el medio ambiente, dichas capas de recubrimiento pueden desarrollarse de lípidos, polisacáridos y proteínas funcionando como barreras contra el vapor de agua, los gases, y otros solutos. El uso de nanoemulsiones como recubrimiento proporciona un excelente sistema de liberación de ingredientes funcionales, como los agentes antimicrobianos y antioxidantes, mejorando así la calidad y extendiendo la vida útil de frutas y hortalizas frescas o mínimamente procesadas.

El objetivo del trabajo es proponer el insecto Tenebrio molitor como alternativa nutricional e informar sobre los métodos de producción de este, ya que no solo tienen las características nutricionales necesarias para una buena dieta por su alto contenido nutricional, sino que también tienen una variedad de cualidades benéficas para la salud de los consumidores. Es bien sabido que México es un país con problemas nutricionales, debido principalmente a la falta de conocimientos sobre opciones nutricionales y a las deficiencias que las personas tienen en su dieta; por lo que una alternativa a esta problemática es ampliar el conocimiento y opciones alimenticias. El Tenebrio molitor es conocido como una opción nutricional por la gran cantidad de proteínas que contiene, lo que proporcionan una opción nutricional, además de los beneficios para la salud que pueden tener gracias a la presencia de péptidos bioactivos. No se sabe mucho sobre el manejo que estos insectos deben tener para evitar plagas o infecciones durante su producción, además de los cuidados específicos necesarios para una producción rápida y sostenible.

Los microorganismos causantes de enfermedades en el humano y animales están en constante evolución, por lo que es de vital importancia encontrar alternativas para su tratamiento y prevención. La resistencia antimicrobiana, definida por la OMS como la capacidad que tienen los microorganismos de impedir que los antimicrobianos actúen contra ellos, es un problema creciente en nuestra sociedad. En el año 2016, la Organización Mundial de la Salud publicó un informe en el que se estimó que para ese año se atribuían 700 000 muertes a la resistencia a antimicrobianos en el mundo, y que la cifra puede ascender hasta 10 millones de muertes en los próximos 35 años si no se toman medidas adecuadas. Para el siguiente año, la OMS publicó un reporte donde se mencionan 51 nuevos antimicrobianos que pueden ser una alternativa al tratamiento de algunas enfermedades, sin embargo, solo 8 de estas moléculas se consideran con potencial terapéutico. El uso de insectos en la medicina no es considerada una práctica reciente, ya que hay referencias de ella desde las primeras civilizaciones y ha sido demostrado que tiene aspectos benéficos no solo para la nutrición, sino para ámbitos de salud. Por ejemplo, los péptidos antimicrobianos se han descrito en muchas especies de organismos: hongos, plantas, humanos e insectos, siendo estos últimos en los que más se han descrito péptidos antimicrobianos eficaces.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is the most frequent primary liver malignancy, is ranked as the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with its incidence expected to continue rising. One of the reasons is that most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage when therapeutic options are ineffective. The development of HCC is attributed to a chronic exposition to either one or a combination of low amounts of different hepatotoxins, such as in hepatitis virus infection, alcohol consumption, aflatoxin from contaminated foods, metabolic factors, and exposure to chemical carcinogens from tobacco smoke (Forner et al., 2018). Integrative studies combining exome sequencing, transcriptome analysis, and the genomic characterization of HCC have shown that these etiological factors may raise the frequency of particular genetic alterations, resulting in intra-tumor heterogeneity that presents a huge challenge for treatment. For example, mutations in the catenin β-1 (CTNNB1) gene (a proto-oncogene in the WNT signaling pathway that encodes the β‍-catenin transcription factor) are strongly associated with alcohol-related HCC, whereas mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter and tumor protein p53 (TP53) genes are the most commonly observed in hepatitis B virus (HBV)‍-associated HCC (Calderaro et al., 2017; Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network, 2017). The above findings emphasize the molecular diversity of HCC and the associations of different etiologies with distinct mechanisms in HCC progression. Consequently, prevention strategies are still attractive for HCC management.

This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of a nanoemulsion containing the bioactive compounds of orange essential oil and xoconostle (Opuntia oligacantha C.F. Först) on maintaining and improving the quality of the shelf life of tomato fruits. The nanoemulsion was applied as a coating on the whole fruits during physiological maturity; the treatments were thus: Control 1 without coating (C1); Control 2 with food-grade mineral oil coating (C2); and nanoemulsions that were diluted with mineral oil at 2.5% (DN2.5), 5% (DN5), 10% (DN10), and 20% (DN20). Further, the following parameters were determined for 21 days: the percentage weight loss, firmness, colour, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid content, total phenols, flavonoids, tannins, antioxidant activities DPPH and ABTS, and the histological evaluation of the pericarp of the fruits. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed during the treatments; DN10 and DN20 obtained the best weight loss results (3.27 ± 0.31% and 3.71 ± 0.30%, respectively) compared with C1 and C2. The DN5 and DN20 textures exhibited the highest firmness (11.56 ± 0.33 and 11.89 ± 1.04 N, respectively). The antioxidant activity (DPPH on Day 21) was higher in the DN20 treatment (48.19 ± 0.95%) compared with in C1 (39.52 ± 0.30%) and C2 (38.14 ± 0.76%). Histological evaluation revealed that the nanoemulsion coating allowed a slower maturation of the cells in the pericarp of the fruits. The nanoemulsion, as a coat, improved the quality and valuable life of the tomato regarding its physicochemical and antioxidant properties, thus availing an effective alternative for conserving this fruit.

La carne de conejo es susceptible a la oxidación y crecimiento de microorganismos, ya que posee ácidos grasos insaturados y un contenido nutricional que la hace idónea a esos procesos. La búsqueda de opciones naturales para disminuir las cargas microbianas y la oxidación es constante, por ello aquí se presenta como una alternativa la utilización de Dalbergia palo-escrito como una alternativa que contribuya a mejorar la calidad de la carne de conejo.

Objective: To isolate and identify the exact species of the genus Mycobacterium from Didelphis (D.) virginiana, and the direct implications of this bacterium to public health and veterinary medicine. Methods: Thirty-one D. virginiana were captured and necropsied in Hidalgo, Mexico. Tissue samples were collected to culture mycobacteria present and examine individual specimens’ histopathology. Mycobacterium identification was obtained through the application of amplification and sequencing of 16S rDNA techniques. Results: Three strains were isolated and identified as Mycobacterium (M.) avium subsp. hominissuis by utilizing M. avium complex- specific primers. Granulomatous lesions were observed in the subpleural zone (granuloma grade Π ) and bronchial (granuloma grade I ) of the lungs of D. virginiana with positive isolation. Conclusions: Three strains of M. avium subsp. hominissuis, from lung tissue samples of D. virginiana were identified. This subspecies of M. avium has important implications in public health and veterinary medicine.

The present report describes a schwannoma type III found in a 12-year-old male SharPei dog, this neoplasm was excised and analyzed using histopathological and immunohistochemistry examinations. This schwannoma was classified as high malignancy and presented metastasis to the axillary node. A secondary bacterial septicemia was identified with routine and molecular techniques. The Inmunohistochemical diagnosis of the mass, corroborated the presumptive diagnosis, which suggested a Schwannoma as well as its malignancy degree. In addition, Leucobacter chromiiresistens was isolated, a specie of which to date there are no reports as a pathogen in animals or humans.

As the fabrication of prototypes continues to become ever more accessible to wider audiences, and advances in additive manufacturing techniques such as 3D printing progresses, it is imperative to understand the properties of materials adopted. One specific material: Polylactic acid (PLA), is taking the spotlight for its cost efficiency, availability and biodegradable nature. The lack of characterization and variability in mechanical properties of 3D printed thermoplastics proves a hindrance in the application of this material. To address this issue, the current research aims to characterize PLA utilizing standard ISO 179-1:2010 while varying printing parameters such as infill density, and printing speed. This investigation focuses on how the afore mentioned properties affect the resulting impact energy of the polymer. Standard manufactured filament acquired from K-camel was extruded through a fused deposition 3D printer (Prusa Geetech I3) and tested on a CEAST 9050 impact testing machine. The result also showed a decrease in impact energy as infill density decreases at most of the print speeds tested as expected. The impact energy however did not show a clear pattern as print speed increases. Future work includes exploring the effect of the material cooling rate to identify if it explains the current patterns in mechanical performance presented here and in the published literature at large.

OBJECTIVES: The REAC-TAVI (Assessment of platelet REACtivity after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) trial enrolled patients with aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) pre-treated with aspirin + clopidogrel, aimed to compare the efficacy of clopidogrel and ticagrelor in suppressing high platelet reactivity (HPR) after TAVI. BACKGROUND: Current recommendations support short-term use of aspirin + clopidogrel for patients with severe AS undergoing TAVR despite the lack of compelling evidence. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, multicenter investigation. Platelet reactivity was measured at 6 different time points with the VerifyNow assay (Accriva Diagnostics, San Diego, California). HPR was defined as (P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) ≥208. Patients with HPR before TAVR were randomized to either aspirin + ticagrelor or aspirin + clopidogrel for 3 months. Patients without HPR continued with aspirin + clopidogrel (registry cohort). The primary endpoint was non-HPR status (PRU

The application of strain gauges as recommended by the ASTM standards provides accurate strain measurements in isotropic materials. However, their use in composite materials becomes more challenging due to their anisotropic nature. In this study, we hypothesized that the use of the distributed sensing system and the three-dimensional digital image correlation, which can average strain along a line and surface, respectively, may account for strain variability in composite materials. This study shows an investigation on the mechanical properties of unidirectional, cross-ply, and angle-ply carbon-epoxy specimens using strain gauges, distributed sensing system, and digital image correlation. The Bhattacharyya distance method was used to provide a preliminary evaluation of the closeness of the three different measurement techniques while the B-basis statistical method was used to analyze the experimental data in order to obtain a more conservative and reliable material parameter compared to the conventional averaged value, recommended by ASTM standards. Finally, a finite element model was created in Ansys Workbench™ as a means of evaluating the implication of a single point strain gauges measurement, versus a line or a surface strain measurement. The finite element analysis investigation was performed at a laminae level using the measured experimental elastic modulus and at a lamina–lamina level in which the elastic modulus of the unidirectional case was used as input in all the laminate configurations. The former analysis showed good agreement between the finite element analysis and all the strain measurement systems with an averaged percentage difference below 5%. The latter analysis showed a higher discrepancy in the measured percentage difference. A comparison between the finite element analysis and the strain gauges measurements showed an overall percentage difference between the range of 10% and 26%. Distributed sensing system and three-dimensional digital image correlation measurements provided an overall percentage difference below 10% for all the specimen configurations with a maximum percentage difference recorded for the longitudinal angle-ply case of approximately 9%.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the environment on 3D printed Polylactic Acid (PLA), a biodegradable thermoplastic polymer. The experimental program was specifically designed to explore the influence of print temperature and aging temperature on the mechanical performance of the printed material. Printing at the elevated temperatures (30–40°C) resulted in slight mechanical property changes. In order to understand which of the changes could also be caused by simply storing the materials at the elevated temperature, samples were printed at 25°C and subsequently aged (at 30–45°C) before mechanical testing. All mechanical testing was performed in standard laboratory temperature on an MTS Criterion. All of the mechanical properties were not greatly altered by printing or aging at elevated temperatures, suggesting that printing and using in extreme weather environments could be reasonable. The yield stress is not affected by storage at elevated temperatures, but is increased (or enhanced) by printing at elevated temperatures. The maximum stress is increased (or enhanced) by both aging and printing at elevated temperatures, but is accompanied by a large reduction in strain capacity. Changes that are observed in mechanical properties will be incorporated in future material models to accurately capture material behavior.

New aeronautical technologies like the Airframe Digital Twin, Virtual Fatigue Testing, and Probabilistic Damage Tolerance Analysis require a very large number of crack growth evaluations with a comprehensive number of random variables in order to accurately predict the fatigue life, the structural risk, or the remaining useful life of a structure. Current state-of-the-art crack growth methodologies and probabilistic methods do not make these new technologies possible due to limitations on computational speed, number of random variables, and statistical tools. In this work, a new computational strategy is developed and demonstrated such that several random variables directly affecting the crack growth analysis can be considered. This approach provides the opportunity for a more comprehensive and accurate digital twin evaluation, virtual testing prediction, and risk assessment, hence, improving aircraft design, safety, and reliability.

Structural Integrity Programs as part of the development of new aircraft, a major change to type design, a continued airworthiness program, or the development of a supplemental structural inspection document; require a large set of initial assumptions, particularly in the area of fatigue and damage tolerance. This review paper outlines assumptions, the associated risks, and methods of how to manage these risks. Airplane or Rotorcraft certified under the requirements of Part 23 and Part 27 respectively, are considered as “small”. The selected certification basis defines the fatigue evaluation requirement, where different concepts are applicable depending on the type of component, the design, and the material. The structural development process involves the steps of mission and usage assumptions, spectrum development for components including principal structural elements, fatigue load derivation, material selection, and material data derivation as part of the building block testing approach. This process includes development, certification, and qualification tests to cover conventional designs and advanced manufacturing technologies. Damage tolerance analyses require software tools and adequate libraries of Stress Intensity Factors. The selection of scatter factors and life improvement factors for interference fit fasteners, cold worked holes, or shot peened structure as well as the definition of initial and detectable crack sizes with their probability of detection are important parameters. Every step involves assumptions and simplifications with associated risks, that are often covered by conservatism and defined by judgement, however, when quantification becomes inevitable, probabilistic approaches should be employed.

Inspired by the concept of deploying 3D printers into the field to produce parts on demand, the purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the environment on a 3D printing apparatus and its ability to produce consistent operative prints. The inelastic deformation behavior of Poly-lactic Acid, a biodegradable thermoplastic, 3D printed in extreme environments was investigated. The experimental program was specifically designed to explore the influence of ambient temperature (25–40 °C) during the printing process on the mechanical performance of the printed material. In order to understand the effects of the printing environment versus general exposure to extreme environments, samples were also printed at 25 °C and subsequently aged in an oven at temperatures ranging from 30 to 40 °C before mechanical testing. All mechanical testing was performed in standard laboratory temperature and humidity. The influence of the print temperature and oven aging on the elastic modulus, yield stress, strain energy, and tensile stress are all compared. In addition, the capacity to accumulate strain before failure is compared.

Management of the airframe digital twin (DT) and its real equivalent for reliability, safety and economic considerations requires, as one component, a probabilistic treatment of the fracture critical components. The computation of the probability-of-failure, the remaining useful life, and the effects of inspections and repairs require accurate and efficient fracture mechanics lifing analyses, probabilistic descriptions of inputs, and probabilistic algorithms. The required computations, the current state-of-the-art in the risk assessment of DT modeling, and future challenges are described. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the computations.