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Continental shale in China is a key exploration target with regard to unconventional hydrocarbons. Systematic research on the mineral composition, organic geochemistry, and hydrocarbon mobility has been performed in the Da'anzhai (J1dn) lacustrine shale oil reservoirs, clarifying the factors controlling shale oil accumulation. The results suggest that J1dn consists of three sub-members, with an organic-rich interval developed within the second sub-member. Three types of lithological associations have developed within the organic-rich interval: Type 1 represents the interbedding relationship between shale and shell limestone and Type 2 represents shale with intercalated limestone, followed by Type 3. The brittleness index of the J1dn continental organic-rich shale is relatively low. The porosity of the Da'anzhai lacustrine shale ranges between 0.5% and 10.5% (average value of 5.89%). The porosity is predominantly due to inorganic pores, with a small amount being attributable to nanoscale microfractures and organic pores. The average porosity of the shell limestone is only 1.2%, but fractures at the micron and centimeter scales are well developed. The organic matter in the J1dn continental shale is mainly II1–II2, with maturity in the oil generation stage. The average oil saturation of the J1dn continental shale is 3.15%, with most samples having oil saturation of less than 4%. The J1dn continental shale has great exploration potential with regard to shale oil. Type 1 shale oil is affected by multiscale fractures, including bedding fractures, and has the best mobility. The high hydrocarbon generation capacity of lacustrine shale, coupled with the multiscale fractures within shell limestone and shale, is the principal controlling factor for hydrocarbon enrichment. Based on exploration practices, the Type 1 shale association may represent the optimal interval for future shale oil exploration in the Da'anzhai Member. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile hydrothermal approach has been successfully adopted to synthesize two‐dimensional Nb2CTx MXene, targeting sodium storage approach in two‐dimensional MXene. As an anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), as‐prepared Nb2CTx MXene delivered a stable electrochemical performance of ∼102 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles at a current density of 1.0 A g−1. Further, the full cell comprising of Na3V2(PO4)3@C cathode and Nb2CTx MXene anode also rendered a reversible capacity of 181 mA h g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 after 50 cycles. The good sodium storage could be ascribed to the contribution of hybrid pseudocapacitance, effectively promoted charge storage, unique layered structure and expedited dynamic diffusion of ions. Accordingly, these facts enabled the Nb2CTx MXene to be a promising candidate as an anode material for sodium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optogenetics is a cell-type specific and high spatial-temporal resolution method that combines genetic encoding of light-sensitive proteins and optical manipulation techniques. Optogenetics technology provides a novel approach for research on cardiac arrhythmia treatment, including pacing, recovering the conduction system, and achieving cardiac resynchronization with precise and low-energy optical control. Photosensitive proteins, which usually act as ion channels, pumps, or receptors, are delivered to target cells, where they respond to light pulses of specific wavelengths, evoke transient flows of transmembrane ion currents, and induce signal transmission. With the development of gene technology, the in vivo efficiency of optogenetics in cardiology has been trialed, and in vitro experiments have been performed to test its potential in cardiac electrophysiology. Challenges for applying optogenetics in large animals and humans include the effectiveness, safety, and long-term expression of photosensitive proteins, unscattered and unattenuated exogenous light stimulation, and the need for implantable miniature light stimulators. Photosensitive proteins, genetic engineering technology, and light equipment are essential for experiments in cardiac optogenetics. Optogenetics may provide an alternative method for evaluating the mechanism of cardiac arrhythmias, testing hypotheses, and treating cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-encapsulated MnGeO 3 microspheres have been yielded via a facile, scalable and environmentally friendly route. Hydrothermal method was utilized to recrystallize MnGeO 3 particles and form rGO encapsulation. Such rationally designed rGO-encapsulated MnGeO 3 microspheres afforded excellent electrochemical performances, i.e. high first discharge capacity of 1364 mAh g −1 and charge capacity of 810.8 mAh g −1 , and reversible capacity of 624.6 mAh g −1 after 50 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g −1 when they were employed as anode materials for Li ion batteries. These advantageous attributes make rGO-encapsulated MnGeO 3 microspheres the potential anode materials for Li-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of different hormone therapies in preventing postoperative endometrioma recurrence., Data Sources: The MEDLINE, COCHRANE, and Embase electronic databases were searched from inception to 30 April 2021., Methods of Study Selection: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or cohort studies including reproductive age women with endometriosis undergoing ovarian cystectomy or excision of endometriotic lesions compared the effects of postoperative adjuvant therapy (gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist [GnRHa]) and postoperative maintenance hormone interventions for more than 1 year (i.e., oral contraceptive pills [OCPs], dienogest [DNG], levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system [LNGIUS]) on endometrioma recurrence., Tabulation, Integration, and Results: Data collection and analysis of the data were independently performed 2 two reviewers. A total of 11 studies were included, of which 2 were RCTs, and 9 were cohort studies. There were 2394 patients with 6 interventions (cases: 1665, 69.6%) and expectant management (cases: 729, 30.4%). Relative treatment effects were estimated using network meta-analysis and ranked in descending order. The clinical effectiveness of these drugs (vs expectant management) was as follows: GnRHa plus DNG (odds ratio [OR], 0.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01-0.27), surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) = 94.0; DNG (OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.04-0.32), SUCRA = 69.7; GnRHa plus OCP (OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02-0.64), SUCRA = 63.4; GnRHa plus LNGIUS (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.03-0.66), SUCRA = 59.4; and OCP (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.13-0.36), SUCRA = 43.6. The effectiveness of GnRHa (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.12-1.89), SUCRA = 17.3 was not significantly different from that of controls., Conclusion: In network meta-analysis, combined postoperative adjuvant therapy and longer maintenance hormone treatment are better than a single agent in preventing postoperative endometrioma recurrence. GnRHa plus DNG maintenance treatment might be the most effective intervention. Large-scale RCTs of these agents are still required., (Copyright © 2022 AAGL. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Optogenetics is a cell-type specific and high spatial-temporal resolution method that combines genetic encoding of light-sensitive proteins and optical manipulation techniques. Optogenetics technology provides a novel approach for research on cardiac arrhythmia treatment, including pacing, recovering the conduction system, and achieving cardiac resynchronization with precise and low-energy optical control. Photosensitive proteins, which usually act as ion channels, pumps, or receptors, are delivered to target cells, where they respond to light pulses of specific wavelengths, evoke transient flows of transmembrane ion currents, and induce signal transmission. With the development of gene technology, the in vivo efficiency of optogenetics in cardiology has been trialed, and in vitro experiments have been performed to test its potential in cardiac electrophysiology. Challenges for applying optogenetics in large animals and humans include the effectiveness, safety, and long-term expression of photosensitive proteins, unscattered and unattenuated exogenous light stimulation, and the need for implantable miniature light stimulators. Photosensitive proteins, genetic engineering technology, and light equipment are essential for experiments in cardiac optogenetics. Optogenetics may provide an alternative method for evaluating the mechanism of cardiac arrhythmias, testing hypotheses, and treating cardiovascular diseases.

An novel exfoliation strategy to few-layered graphene (FLG) combined with in situ synthesized amorphous MnO x has been established via a facile and robust ball milling route in the presence of KMnO 4 . The facile synthesis approach has the features of low cost, environmentally friendly nature and scalable capability. As an anode for lithium-ion batteries, amorphous MnO x @FLG delivered a wonderful electrochemical performance under extremely operational conditions, that is, an excellent reversible capacity of 856 mAh g -1 at a high current density of 1 A g -1 after 75 cycles under a high temperature of 85 °C. Those excellent electrochemical performances could be ascribed to elaborately designed three-dimensional nanostructure, the well-chosen electrolyte, significant incorporation of in situ Mn(IV) nanocrystal and few-layered graphene, and the contribution of pseudocapacitance. Remarkable electrochemical performance under a widely operational temperature window makes the amorphous MnO x @FLG composites promising anode of Li-ion batteries for heavy-duty application.