1. Identification of MYC as an antinecroptotic protein that stifles RIPK1–RIPK3 complex formation
- Author
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Sang Jun Ha, Eun-Woo Lee, Seung Jun Kim, Manhyung Jeong, Jeong Yoon Shin, Jin-Ho Seo, Andrew Oberst, Ho-Chul Shin, Jeong Yeon Jo, Chi Hyun Hwang, Hwa Ryeon Kim, June-Won Cheong, Kwang-Hee Bae, Haeseung Lee, Wankyu Kim, Donghoon Shin, Ji Yoon Lee, Peter Vandenabeele, Daehyeon Seong, Hye Jung Kim, Young Woo Nam, Ji Hoon Oh, Jae Seok Roe, Jaewhan Song, and Sang Chul Lee
- Subjects
Programmed cell death ,Necroptosis ,necroptosis ,NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATION ,MYC ,RIPK3 ,BYPASSES APOPTOSIS ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ,Mice ,RIPK1 ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,MIXED LINEAGE KINASE ,C-MYC ,Animals ,Humans ,Cell Proliferation ,PROGRAMMED NECROSIS ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Leukemia ,Multidisciplinary ,Oncogene ,MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS ,Chemistry ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Cell Biology ,Biological Sciences ,In vitro ,Cell biology ,Protein Transport ,CELL-DEATH ,SIGNALING PROTEINS ,Cytoplasm ,Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ,TNF-α ,Female ,Tumor necrosis factor alpha ,Signal transduction ,DOMAIN-LIKE PROTEIN ,RESISTANCE ,TNF-alpha ,Protein Binding ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Significance A major yet perplexing question in the field of necroptosis is the role and involvement of necroptosis in cancer cells. Many cancer cells have protective mechanisms against necroptosis, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We report findings of cross-talk and a regulatory pathway that exist between MYC, a potent oncogene, and RIPK3, a pivotal factor in necroptosis. We find that MYC pathway is downregulated upon necroptotic, while MYC inhibits TNF-α–induced necroptosis. The inhibitory effect of MYC on necroptosis is unexpected because no transcriptional activity by MYC is required. Mechanistically, a direct interaction between MYC and RIPK3 takes place in the cytosol, preventing RIPK1–RIPK3 complex formation. Finally, MYC depletion enhances antitumor activity of necroptosis-inducing agents in a xenograft model., The underlying mechanism of necroptosis in relation to cancer is still unclear. Here, MYC, a potent oncogene, is an antinecroptotic factor that directly suppresses the formation of the RIPK1–RIPK3 complex. Gene set enrichment analyses reveal that the MYC pathway is the most prominently down-regulated signaling pathway during necroptosis. Depletion or deletion of MYC promotes the RIPK1–RIPK3 interaction, thereby stabilizing the RIPK1 and RIPK3 proteins and facilitating necroptosis. Interestingly, MYC binds to RIPK3 in the cytoplasm and inhibits the interaction between RIPK1 and RIPK3 in vitro. Furthermore, MYC-nick, a truncated form that is mainly localized in the cytoplasm, prevented TNF-induced necroptosis. Finally, down-regulation of MYC enhances necroptosis in leukemia cells and suppresses tumor growth in a xenograft model upon treatment with birinapant and emricasan. MYC-mediated suppression of necroptosis is a mechanism of necroptosis resistance in cancer, and approaches targeting MYC to induce necroptosis represent an attractive therapeutic strategy for cancer.
- Published
- 2020
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