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1. Smoking remains associated with education after controlling for social background and genetic factors in a study of 18 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Soo Ji, Sung, Joohon, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth JF, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Martin, Nicholas G, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Harris, Jennifer R, Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L, Magnusson, Patrik KE, Pedersen, Nancy L, Dahl Aslan, Anna K, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Rebato, Esther, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Silberg, Judy L, Maes, Hermine H, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Korhonen, Tellervo, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Psychology, Genetics, Pediatric, Prevention, Tobacco, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Quality Education, Child, Educational Status, Humans, Smoking, Smoking Cessation, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic
Abstract

We tested the causality between education and smoking using the natural experiment of discordant twin pairs allowing to optimally control for background genetic and childhood social factors. Data from 18 cohorts including 10,527 monozygotic (MZ) and same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs discordant for education and smoking were analyzed by linear fixed effects regression models. Within twin pairs, education levels were lower among the currently smoking than among the never smoking co-twins and this education difference was larger within DZ than MZ pairs. Similarly, education levels were higher among former smoking than among currently smoking co-twins, and this difference was larger within DZ pairs. Our results support the hypothesis of a causal effect of education on both current smoking status and smoking cessation. However, the even greater intra-pair differences within DZ pairs, who share only 50% of their segregating genes, provide evidence that shared genetic factors also contribute to these associations.

Published
2022

3. Changing genetic architecture of body mass index from infancy to early adulthood: an individual based pooled analysis of 25 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Li, Weilong, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Aaltonen, Sari, Piirtola, Maarit, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Lichtenstein, Paul, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Saudino, Kimberly J., Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Published
2022
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4. Genetic and environmental influences on human height from infancy through adulthood at different levels of parental education

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Latvala, Antti, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Freitas, Duarte L, Maia, José Antonio, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Saudino, Kimberly J, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik KE, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth JF, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Silberg, Judy L, Maes, Hermine H, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Lichtenstein, Paul, Bartels, Meike, Beijsterveldt, Catharina EM van, Willemsen, Gonneke, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Turkheimer, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Health Sciences, Psychology, Pediatric, Nutrition, Genetics, Prevention, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Quality Education, Adolescent, Adult, Body Height, Child, Child, Preschool, Environment, Female, Gene-Environment Interaction, Genetic Background, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Parenting, Parents, Quantitative Trait Loci, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Young Adult
Abstract

Genetic factors explain a major proportion of human height variation, but differences in mean stature have also been found between socio-economic categories suggesting a possible effect of environment. By utilizing a classical twin design which allows decomposing the variation of height into genetic and environmental components, we tested the hypothesis that environmental variation in height is greater in offspring of lower educated parents. Twin data from 29 cohorts including 65,978 complete twin pairs with information on height at ages 1 to 69 years and on parental education were pooled allowing the analyses at different ages and in three geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia). Parental education mostly showed a positive association with offspring height, with significant associations in mid-childhood and from adolescence onwards. In variance decomposition modeling, the genetic and environmental variance components of height did not show a consistent relation to parental education. A random-effects meta-regression analysis of the aggregate-level data showed a trend towards greater shared environmental variation of height in low parental education families. In conclusion, in our very large dataset from twin cohorts around the globe, these results provide only weak evidence for the study hypothesis.

Published
2020

6. Educational attainment of same-sex and opposite-sex dizygotic twins: An individual-level pooled study of 19 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Bogl, Leonie H., Jelenkovic, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Latvala, Antti, Li, Weilong, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Ordoñana, Juan R., Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E.M., Rebato, Esther, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Hopper, John L., Tyler, Jessica, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Heikkilä, Kauko, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J.F., Magnusson, Patrik K.E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Rose, Richard J., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Published
2021
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9. Association between birth weight and educational attainment : an individual-based pooled analysis of nine twin cohorts

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Mikkonen, Janne, Martikainen, Pekka, Latvala, Antti, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Rebato, Esther, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth J F, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Harris, Jennifer R, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Published
2018

13. Association between birthweight and later body mass index: an individual-based pooled analysis of 27 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins project

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos CEM, Ooki, Syuichi, Saudino, Kimberly J, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D’Ippolito, Cristina, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Heikkilä, Kauko, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth JF, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Haworth, Claire MA, Plomin, Robert, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Published
2017
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14. Joint associations of depression, genetic susceptibility and the area of residence for coronary heart disease incidence

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Korhonen, Kaarina, Lahtinen, Hannu, Jelenkovic, Aline, Havulinna, Aki S., Ripatti, Samuli, Salomaa, Veikko, Davey Smith, George, Martikainen, Pekka, Silventoinen, Karri, Korhonen, Kaarina, Lahtinen, Hannu, Jelenkovic, Aline, Havulinna, Aki S., Ripatti, Samuli, Salomaa, Veikko, Davey Smith, George, and Martikainen, Pekka

Abstract

Background Depression is a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), but less is known whether genetic susceptibility to CHD or regional-level social indicators modify this association. Methods Risk factors of CHD including a Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) were measured for 19 999 individuals residing in Finland in 1997, 2002, 2007 and 2012 (response rates 60%–75%). During the register-based follow-up until 2015, there were 1381 fatal and non-fatal incident CHD events. Unemployment rate, degree of urbanisation and crime rate of the municipality of residence were used as regional level social indicators. HRs were calculated using register-based antidepressant purchases as a non-reversible time-dependent covariate. Results Those having depression and in the highest quartile of PRS had somewhat higher CHD risk than predicted only by the main effects of depression and PRS (HR for interaction 1.53, 95% CI 0.95 to 2.45). Depression was moderately associated with CHD in high crime (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.90) and weakly in low crime regions (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.33; p value of interaction=0.087). Otherwise, we did not found evidence for interactions. Conclusions Those having both depression and high genetic susceptibility need a special attention in healthcare for CHD.

Published
2022
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15. Changing genetic architecture of body mass index from infancy to early adulthood:an individual based pooled analysis of 25 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Li, Weilong, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Aaltonen, Sari, Piirtola, Maarit, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Lichtenstein, Paul, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Saudino, Kimberly J., Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Boomsma, Dorret, Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Li, Weilong, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Aaltonen, Sari, Piirtola, Maarit, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Lichtenstein, Paul, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Saudino, Kimberly J., Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Boomsma, Dorret, Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

Background Body mass index (BMI) shows strong continuity over childhood and adolescence and high childhood BMI is the strongest predictor of adult obesity. Genetic factors strongly contribute to this continuity, but it is still poorly known how their contribution changes over childhood and adolescence. Thus, we used the genetic twin design to estimate the genetic correlations of BMI from infancy to adulthood and compared them to the genetic correlations of height. Methods We pooled individual level data from 25 longitudinal twin cohorts including 38,530 complete twin pairs and having 283,766 longitudinal height and weight measures. The data were analyzed using Cholesky decomposition offering genetic and environmental correlations of BMI and height between all age combinations from 1 to 19 years of age. Results The genetic correlations of BMI and height were stronger than the trait correlations. For BMI, we found that genetic correlations decreased as the age between the assessments increased, a trend that was especially visible from early to middle childhood. In contrast, for height, the genetic correlations were strong between all ages. Age-to-age correlations between environmental factors shared by co-twins were found for BMI in early childhood but disappeared altogether by middle childhood. For height, shared environmental correlations persisted from infancy to adulthood. Conclusions Our results suggest that the genes affecting BMI change over childhood and adolescence leading to decreasing age-to-age genetic correlations. This change is especially visible from early to middle childhood indicating that new genetic factors start to affect BMI in middle childhood. Identifying mediating pathways of these genetic factors can open possibilities for interventions, especially for those children with high genetic predisposition to adult obesity.

Published
2022

17. Parental education and genetics of body mass index from infancy to old age: a pooled analysis of 29 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Aaltonen, Sari, Piirtola, Maarit, Freitas, Duarte L, Maia, José A, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Saudino, Kimberly J, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik KE, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina EM, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth JF, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Silberg, Judy L, Maes, Hermine H, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Harris, Jennifer R, Nilsen, Thomas S, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Lichtenstein, Paul, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Subjects
Adult, Male, Parents, Adolescent, parental education, Twins, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Infant, body mass index, Middle Aged, Article, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, Child, Preschool, Humans, genetics, Female, Gene-Environment Interaction, international comparisons, Child, Aged
Abstract

Objective: To analyze how parental education modifies the genetic and environmental variances of body mass index (BMI) from infancy to old age in three geographic-cultural regions. Methods: A pooled sample of 29 cohorts including 143 499 twin individuals with information on parental education and BMI from 1 to 79 years (299 201 BMI measures) was analyzed by genetic twin modeling. Results: Until 4 years of age, parental education was not consistently associated with BMI. Thereafter, higher parental education was associated with lower BMI in males and females. Total and additive genetic variances of BMI were smaller in the offspring of highly educated parents than in those whose parents had low education. Especially in North American and Australian children, environmental factors shared by co-twins also contributed to the higher BMI variation in the low educational category. In Europe and East Asia, the associations of parental education with mean BMI and BMI variance were weaker than in North America and Australia. Conclusions: Lower parental education is associated with higher mean and larger genetic variance of BMI after early childhood, especially in the obesogenic macro-environment. The interplay between genetic predisposition, childhood social environment and macro-social context is important for socio-economic differences in BMI.

Published
2019

18. Joint association between education and polygenic risk score for incident coronary heart disease events : a longitudinal population-based study of 26 203 men and women

Author

Martikainen, Pekka, Korhonen, Kaarina, Jelenkovic, Aline, Lahtinen, Hannu, Havulinna, Aki, Ripatti, Samuli, Borodulin, Katja, Salomaa, Veikko, Davey Smith, George, Silventoinen, Karri, Martikainen, Pekka, Korhonen, Kaarina, Jelenkovic, Aline, Lahtinen, Hannu, Havulinna, Aki, Ripatti, Samuli, Borodulin, Katja, Salomaa, Veikko, Davey Smith, George, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Background Genetic vulnerability to coronary heart disease (CHD) is well established, but little is known whether these effects are mediated or modified by equally well-established social determinants of CHD. We estimate the joint associations of the polygenetic risk score (PRS) for CHD and education on CHD events. Methods The data are from the 1992, 1997, 2002, 2007 and 2012 surveys of the population-based FINRISK Study including measures of social, behavioural and metabolic factors and genome-wide genotypes (N=26 203). Follow-up of fatal and non-fatal incident CHD events (N=2063) was based on nationwide registers. Results Allowing for age, sex, study year, region of residence, study batch and principal components, those in the highest quartile of PRS for CHD had strongly increased risk of CHD events compared with the lowest quartile (HR=2.26; 95% CI: 1.97 to 2.59); associations were also observed for low education (HR=1.58; 95% CI: 1.32 to 1.89). These effects were largely independent of each other. Adjustment for baseline smoking, alcohol use, body mass index, igh-density lipoprotein (HDL) and total cholesterol, blood pressure and diabetes attenuated the PRS associations by 10% and the education associations by 50%. We do not find strong evidence of interactions between PRS and education. Conclusions PRS and education predict CHD events, and these associations are independent of each other. Both can improve CHD prediction beyond behavioural risks. The results imply that observational studies that do not have information on genetic risk factors for CHD do not provide confounded estimates for the association between education and CHD.

Published
2021
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19. Joint association between education and polygenic risk score for incident coronary heart disease events: a longitudinal population-based study of 26 203 men and women

Author

Martikainen, Pekka, primary, Korhonen, Kaarina, additional, Jelenkovic, Aline, additional, Lahtinen, Hannu, additional, Havulinna, Aki, additional, Ripatti, Samuli, additional, Borodulin, Katja, additional, Salomaa, Veikko, additional, Davey Smith, George, additional, and Silventoinen, Karri, additional

Published
2021
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20. Genetic and environmental variation in educational attainment : an individual-based analysis of 28 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Latvala, Antti, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Ordoñana, Juan R., Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Calais-Ferreira, Lucas, Oliveira, Vinicius C., Ferreira, Paulo H., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Park, Hang A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Soo Ji, Sung, Joohon, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Latvala, Antti, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Ordoñana, Juan R., Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Calais-Ferreira, Lucas, Oliveira, Vinicius C., Ferreira, Paulo H., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Park, Hang A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Soo Ji, Sung, Joohon, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

We investigated the heritability of educational attainment and how it differed between birth cohorts and cultural–geographic regions. A classical twin design was applied to pooled data from 28 cohorts representing 16 countries and including 193,518 twins with information on educational attainment at 25 years of age or older. Genetic factors explained the major part of individual differences in educational attainment (heritability: a2 = 0.43; 0.41–0.44), but also environmental variation shared by co-twins was substantial (c2 = 0.31; 0.30–0.33). The proportions of educational variation explained by genetic and shared environmental factors did not differ between Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia. When restricted to twins 30 years or older to confirm finalized education, the heritability was higher in the older cohorts born in 1900–1949 (a2 = 0.44; 0.41–0.46) than in the later cohorts born in 1950–1989 (a2 = 0.38; 0.36–0.40), with a corresponding lower influence of common environmental factors (c2 = 0.31; 0.29–0.33 and c2 = 0.34; 0.32–0.36, respectively). In conclusion, both genetic and environmental factors shared by co-twins have an important influence on individual differences in educational attainment. The effect of genetic factors on educational attainment has decreased from the cohorts born before to those born after the 1950s., CC BY 4.0

Published
2020
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21. Genetic and environmental variation in educational attainment:an individual-based analysis of 28 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Latvala, Antti, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Ordoñana, Juan R., Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Calais-Ferreira, Lucas, Oliveira, Vinicius C., Ferreira, Paulo H., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J.F., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Magnusson, Patrik K.E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E.M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Park, Hang A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Soo Ji, Sung, Joohon, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Latvala, Antti, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Ordoñana, Juan R., Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Calais-Ferreira, Lucas, Oliveira, Vinicius C., Ferreira, Paulo H., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J.F., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Magnusson, Patrik K.E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E.M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Park, Hang A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Soo Ji, Sung, Joohon, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

We investigated the heritability of educational attainment and how it differed between birth cohorts and cultural–geographic regions. A classical twin design was applied to pooled data from 28 cohorts representing 16 countries and including 193,518 twins with information on educational attainment at 25 years of age or older. Genetic factors explained the major part of individual differences in educational attainment (heritability: a2 = 0.43; 0.41–0.44), but also environmental variation shared by co-twins was substantial (c2 = 0.31; 0.30–0.33). The proportions of educational variation explained by genetic and shared environmental factors did not differ between Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia. When restricted to twins 30 years or older to confirm finalized education, the heritability was higher in the older cohorts born in 1900–1949 (a2 = 0.44; 0.41–0.46) than in the later cohorts born in 1950–1989 (a2 = 0.38; 0.36–0.40), with a corresponding lower influence of common environmental factors (c2 = 0.31; 0.29–0.33 and c2 = 0.34; 0.32–0.36, respectively). In conclusion, both genetic and environmental factors shared by co-twins have an important influence on individual differences in educational attainment. The effect of genetic factors on educational attainment has decreased from the cohorts born before to those born after the 1950s.

Published
2020

22. Genetic and environmental variation in educational attainment: an individual-based analysis of 28 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, primary, Jelenkovic, Aline, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Latvala, Antti, additional, Honda, Chika, additional, Inui, Fujio, additional, Tomizawa, Rie, additional, Watanabe, Mikio, additional, Sakai, Norio, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Tyler, Jessica, additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Ordoñana, Juan R., additional, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., additional, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, additional, Calais-Ferreira, Lucas, additional, Oliveira, Vinicius C., additional, Ferreira, Paulo H., additional, Medda, Emanuela, additional, Nisticò, Lorenza, additional, Toccaceli, Virgilia, additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Loos, Ruth J. F., additional, Siribaddana, Sisira H., additional, Hotopf, Matthew, additional, Sumathipala, Athula, additional, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, additional, Duncan, Glen E., additional, Buchwald, Dedra, additional, Tynelius, Per, additional, Rasmussen, Finn, additional, Tan, Qihua, additional, Zhang, Dongfeng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., additional, Pedersen, Nancy L., additional, Dahl Aslan, Anna K., additional, Hwang, Amie E., additional, Mack, Thomas M., additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Brandt, Ingunn, additional, Nilsen, Thomas S., additional, Harris, Jennifer R., additional, Martin, Nicholas G., additional, Medland, Sarah E., additional, Montgomery, Grant W., additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., additional, Franz, Carol E., additional, Kremen, William S., additional, Lyons, Michael J., additional, Silberg, Judy L., additional, Maes, Hermine H., additional, Kandler, Christian, additional, Nelson, Tracy L., additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, Corley, Robin P., additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M., additional, Gatz, Margaret, additional, Butler, David A., additional, Tarnoki, Adam D., additional, Tarnoki, David L., additional, Park, Hang A., additional, Lee, Jooyeon, additional, Lee, Soo Ji, additional, Sung, Joohon, additional, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, and Kaprio, Jaakko, additional

Published
2020
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24. Parental Education And Genetics Of Bmi From Infancy To Old Age: A Pooled Analysis Of 29 Twin Cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Aaltonen, Sari, Piirtola, Maarit, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose A., Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Saudino, Kimberly J., and Cutler, Tessa L.

Subjects
nutritional and metabolic diseases
Abstract

Objective The objective of this study was to analyze how parental education modifies the genetic and environmental variances of BMI from infancy to old age in three geographic-cultural regions. Methods A pooled sample of 29 cohorts including 143,499 twin individuals with information on parental education and BMI from age 1 to 79 years (299,201 BMI measures) was analyzed by genetic twin modeling. Results Until 4 years of age, parental education was not consistently associated with BMI. Thereafter, higher parental education level was associated with lower BMI in males and females. Total and additive genetic variances of BMI were smaller in the offspring of highly educated parents than in those whose parents had low education levels. Especially in North American and Australian children, environmental factors shared by co-twins also contributed to the higher BMI variation in the low education level category. In Europe and East Asia, the associations of parental education with mean BMI and BMI variance were weaker than in North America and Australia. Conclusions Lower parental education level is associated with higher mean BMI and larger genetic variance of BMI after early childhood, especially in the obesogenic macro-environment. The interplay among genetic predisposition, childhood social environment, and macro-social context is important for socioeconomic differences in BMI.

Published
2019

25. Parental Education and Genetics of BMI from Infancy to Old Age:A Pooled Analysis of 29 Twin Cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Aaltonen, Sari, Piirtola, Maarit, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose A., Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Saudino, Kimberly J., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Medda, Emanuela, Nistico, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Harris, Jennifer R., Nilsen, Thomas S., Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Lichtenstein, Paul, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Aaltonen, Sari, Piirtola, Maarit, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, Jose A., Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Saudino, Kimberly J., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Medda, Emanuela, Nistico, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Harris, Jennifer R., Nilsen, Thomas S., Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Lichtenstein, Paul, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Published
2019

26. Genetics of somatotype and physical fitness in children and adolescents.

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Maia, José, Jelenkovic, Aline, Pereira, Sara, Gouveia, Élvio, Antunes, António, Thomis, Martine, Lefevre, Johan, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Freitas, Duarte

Subjects
TEENAGERS, PHYSICAL fitness testing, PHYSICAL fitness, MUSCLE strength, GENETICS, GENETIC variation
Abstract

Objectives: To analyze the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the variation in somatotype, physical fitness, and their mutual associations. Methods: Twins from 214 pairs (87 monozygotic) of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, Portugal, from 3 to 18 years of age (51% girls) were assessed in anthropometry and physical fitness tests. We estimated endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy based on anthropometric measures and physical fitness using the Eurofit test battery. Two age categories were analyzed: children (3‐11 years) and adolescents (12‐18 years). Genetic and environmental variations were estimated using quantitative genetic twin modeling. Results: No genetic sex differences were found, thus boys and girls were pooled in all genetic analyses. Heritability estimates were high for somatotype (a2 = 0.80‐0.93), physical fitness traits (a2 = 0.67‐0.83), and largely similar in children and adolescents. Positive correlations were found for ectomorphy with motor ability and cardiorespiratory endurance as well as for endomorphy and mesomorphy with muscular strength (r = 0.25‐0.37). In contrast, negative associations were found for ectomorphy with muscular strength, as well as for endomorphy and mesomorphy with motor ability and cardiorespiratory endurance (−0.46 to −0.26). Twin modeling indicated that these associations were explained mostly by genetic factors in common to the two associated traits (84% or more). Conclusions: Associations between somatotype and physical fitness tests are mainly explained by common genetic background in children and adolescents. Therefore, interventions in youth should consider that a child's performance in physical fitness tests partly reflects their inherited physique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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27. Association Of Current And Former Smoking With Body Mass Index: A Study Of Smoking Discordant Twin Pairs From 21 Twin Cohorts

Author

Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Medland, Sarah E., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, and Tan, Qihua

Abstract

Background

Published
2018

29. Parental Education and Genetics of BMI from Infancy to Old Age: A Pooled Analysis of 29 Twin Cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, primary, Jelenkovic, Aline, additional, Latvala, Antti, additional, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Sugawara, Masumi, additional, Tanaka, Mami, additional, Matsumoto, Satoko, additional, Aaltonen, Sari, additional, Piirtola, Maarit, additional, Freitas, Duarte L., additional, Maia, José A., additional, Öncel, Sevgi Y., additional, Aliev, Fazil, additional, Ji, Fuling, additional, Ning, Feng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Saudino, Kimberly J., additional, Cutler, Tessa L., additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, additional, Almqvist, Catarina, additional, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., additional, Cozen, Wendy, additional, Hwang, Amie E., additional, Mack, Thomas M., additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., additional, Nelson, Tracy L., additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, Sung, Joohon, additional, Kim, Jina, additional, Lee, Jooyeon, additional, Lee, Sooji, additional, Llewellyn, Clare H., additional, Fisher, Abigail, additional, Medda, Emanuela, additional, Nisticò, Lorenza, additional, Toccaceli, Virgilia, additional, Baker, Laura A., additional, Tuvblad, Catherine, additional, Corley, Robin P., additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M., additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Loos, Ruth J. F., additional, Knafo‐Noam, Ariel, additional, Mankuta, David, additional, Abramson, Lior, additional, Burt, S. Alexandra, additional, Klump, Kelly L., additional, Silberg, Judy L., additional, Maes, Hermine H., additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Gatz, Margaret, additional, Butler, David A., additional, Harris, Jennifer R., additional, Nilsen, Thomas S., additional, Harden, K. Paige, additional, Tucker‐Drob, Elliot M., additional, Franz, Carol E., additional, Kremen, William S., additional, Lyons, Michael J., additional, Lichtenstein, Paul, additional, Jeong, Hoe‐Uk, additional, Hur, Yoon‐Mi, additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., additional, and Kaprio, Jaakko, additional

Published
2019
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30. Genetic and environmental factors affecting birth size variation: A pooled individual-based analysis of secular trends and global geographical differences using 26 twin cohorts

Author

Yokoyama, Yoshie, Jelenkovic, Aline, Hur, Yoon Mi, Sund, Reijo, Fagnani, Corrado, Stazi, Maria A., Brescianini, Sonia, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Rebato, Esther, Hopper, John L., Cutler, Tessa L., Saudino, Kimberly J., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J.F., Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E.M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Haworth, Claire M.A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Ooki, Syuichi, Rose, Richard J., Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Jelenkovic, Aline, Hur, Yoon Mi, Sund, Reijo, Fagnani, Corrado, Stazi, Maria A., Brescianini, Sonia, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Rebato, Esther, Hopper, John L., Cutler, Tessa L., Saudino, Kimberly J., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J.F., Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E.M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Haworth, Claire M.A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Ooki, Syuichi, Rose, Richard J., Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Background: The genetic architecture of birth size may differ geographically and over time. We examined differences in the genetic and environmental contributions to birthweight, length and ponderal index (PI) across geographical-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia) and across birth cohorts, and how gestational age modifies these effects. Methods: Data from 26 twin cohorts in 16 countries including 57 613 monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs were pooled. Genetic and environmental variations of birth size were estimated using genetic structural equation modelling. Results: The variance of birthweight and length was predominantly explained by shared environmental factors, whereas the variance of PI was explained both by shared and unique environmental factors. Genetic variance contributing to birth size was small. Adjusting for gestational age decreased the proportions of shared environmental variance and increased the propositions of unique environmental variance. Genetic variance was similar in the geographical-cultural regions, but shared environmental variance was smaller in East Asia than in Europe and North America and Australia. The total variance and shared environmental variance of birth length and PI were greater from the birth cohort 1990-99 onwards compared with the birth cohorts from 1970-79 to 1980-89. Conclusions: The contribution of genetic factors to birth size is smaller than that of shared environmental factors, which is partly explained by gestational age. Shared environmental variances of birth length and PI were greater in the latest birth cohorts and differed also across geographical-cultural regions. Shared environmental factors are important when explaining differences in the variation of birth size globally and over time.

Published
2018
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31. Associations between birth size and later height from infancy through adulthood: an individual based pooled analysis of 28 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins project

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mir, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Ooki, Syuichi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Saudino, Kimberley J., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Craig, Jeffrey, Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mir, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Ooki, Syuichi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Saudino, Kimberley J., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, and Craig, Jeffrey

Published
2018

32. Birth size and gestational age in opposite-sex twins as compared to same-sex twins: An individual-based pooled analysis of 21 cohorts

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrick K. E., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Bogl, Leonie H., Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng Ning, Pang, Zengchang, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Rebato, Esther, Craig, Jeffrey M., Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrick K. E., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Bogl, Leonie H., Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng Ning, Pang, Zengchang, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Rebato, Esther, and Craig, Jeffrey M.

Abstract

It is well established that boys are born heavier and longer than girls, but it remains unclear whether birth size in twins is affected by the sex of their co-twin. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 21 twin cohorts in 15 countries derived from the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins), including 67,850 dizygotic twin individuals. Linear regression analyses showed that boys having a co-twin sister were, on average, 31 g (95% CI 18 to 45) heavier and 0.16 cm (95% CI 0.045 to 0.274) longer than those with a co-twin brother. In girls, birth size was not associated (5 g birth weight; 95% CI −8 to −18 and −0.089 cm birth length; 95% CI −0.202 to 0.025) with the sex of the co-twin. Gestational age was slightly shorter in boy-boy pairs than in boy-girl and girl-girl pairs. When birth size was standardized by gestational age, the magnitude of the associations was attenuated in boys, particularly for birth weight. In conclusion, boys with a co-twin sister are heavier and longer at birth than those with a co-twin brother. However, these differences are modest and partly explained by a longer gestation in the presence of a co-twin sister.

Published
2018

33. Associations between birth size and later height from infancy through adulthood:An individual based pooled analysis of 28 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins project

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Ooki, Syuichi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Saudino, Kimberly J, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Alexandra Burt, S, Klump, Kelly L, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveld, Catharina E M, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Heikkilä, Kauko, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Ooki, Syuichi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Saudino, Kimberly J, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Alexandra Burt, S, Klump, Kelly L, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveld, Catharina E M, Craig, Jeffrey M, Saffery, Richard, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Heikkilä, Kauko, and Sørensen, Thorkild I. A.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: There is evidence that birth size is positively associated with height in later life, but it remains unclear whether this is explained by genetic factors or the intrauterine environment.AIM: To analyze the associations of birth weight, length and ponderal index with height from infancy through adulthood within mono- and dizygotic twin pairs, which provides insights into the role of genetic and environmental individual-specific factors.METHODS: This study is based on the data from 28 twin cohorts in 17 countries. The pooled data included 41,852 complete twin pairs (55% monozygotic and 45% same-sex dizygotic) with information on birth weight and a total of 112,409 paired height measurements at ages ranging from 1 to 69 years. Birth length was available for 19,881 complete twin pairs, with a total of 72,692 paired height measurements. The association between birth size and later height was analyzed at both the individual and within-pair level by linear regression analyses.RESULTS: Within twin pairs, regression coefficients showed that a 1-kg increase in birth weight and a 1-cm increase in birth length were associated with 1.14-4.25 cm and 0.18-0.90 cm taller height, respectively. The magnitude of the associations was generally greater within dizygotic than within monozygotic twin pairs, and this difference between zygosities was more pronounced for birth length.CONCLUSION: Both genetic and individual-specific environmental factors play a role in the association between birth size and later height from infancy to adulthood, with a larger role for genetics in the association with birth length than with birth weight.

Published
2018

34. Genetic and environmental factors affecting birth size variation:a pooled individual-based analysis of secular trends and global geographical differences using 26 twin cohorts

Author

Yokoyama, Yoshie, Jelenkovic, Aline, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sund, Reijo, Fagnani, Corrado, Stazi, Maria A., Brescianini, Sonia, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Rebato, Esther, Hopper, John L., Cutler, Tessa L., Saudino, Kimberly J., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Ooki, Syuichi, Rose, Richard J., Pietilainen, Kirsi H., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Jelenkovic, Aline, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sund, Reijo, Fagnani, Corrado, Stazi, Maria A., Brescianini, Sonia, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Rebato, Esther, Hopper, John L., Cutler, Tessa L., Saudino, Kimberly J., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Ooki, Syuichi, Rose, Richard J., Pietilainen, Kirsi H., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Published
2018

35. Association of current and former smoking with body mass index:A study of smoking discordant twin pairs from 21 twin cohorts

Author

Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Medland, Sarah E., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Busjahn, Andreas, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Boomsma, Dorret, I, Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Korhonen, Tellervo, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Medland, Sarah E., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Busjahn, Andreas, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Boomsma, Dorret, I, Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Korhonen, Tellervo, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Smokers tend to weigh less than never smokers, while successful quitting leads to an increase in body weight. Because smokers and non-smokers may differ in genetic and environmental family background, we analysed data from twin pairs in which the co-twins differed by their smoking behaviour to evaluate if the association between smoking and body mass index (BMI) remains after controlling for family background.METHODS AND FINDINGS: The international CODATwins database includes information on smoking and BMI measured between 1960 and 2012 from 156,593 twin individuals 18-69 years of age. Individual-based data (230,378 measurements) and data of smoking discordant twin pairs (altogether 30,014 pairwise measurements, 36% from monozygotic [MZ] pairs) were analysed with linear fixed-effects regression models by 10-year periods. In MZ pairs, the smoking co-twin had, on average, 0.57 kg/m2 lower BMI in men (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49, 0.70) and 0.65 kg/m2 lower BMI in women (95% CI: 0.52, 0.79) than the never smoking co-twin. Former smokers had 0.70 kg/m2 higher BMI among men (95% CI: 0.63, 0.78) and 0.62 kg/m2 higher BMI among women (95% CI: 0.51, 0.73) than their currently smoking MZ co-twins. Little difference in BMI was observed when comparing former smoking co-twins with their never smoking MZ co-twins (0.13 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.04, 0.23 among men; -0.04 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.16, 0.09 among women). The associations were similar within dizygotic pairs and when analysing twins as individuals. The observed series of cross-sectional associations were independent of sex, age, and measurement decade.CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is associated with lower BMI and smoking cessation with higher BMI. However, the net effect of smoking and subsequent cessation on weight development appears to be minimal, i.e. never more than an average of 0.7 kg/m2.

Published
2018

36. Association between birth weight and educational attainment:an individual-based pooled analysis of nine twin cohorts

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Mikkonen, Janne, Martikainen, Pekka, Latvala, Antti, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Rebato, Esther, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Krueger, Robert F., Mcgue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Mikkonen, Janne, Martikainen, Pekka, Latvala, Antti, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Rebato, Esther, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Krueger, Robert F., Mcgue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Background There is evidence that birth weight is positively associated with education, but it remains unclear whether this association is explained by familial environmental factors, genetic factors or the intrauterine environment. We analysed the association between birth weight and educational years within twin pairs, which controls for genetic factors and the environment shared between co-twins. Methods The data were derived from nine twin cohorts in eight countries including 6116 complete twin pairs. The association between birth weight and educational attainment was analysed both between individuals and within pairs using linear regression analyses. Results In between-individual analyses, birth weight was not associated with educational years. Within-pairs analyses revealed positive but modest associations for some sex, zygosity and birth year groups. The greatest association was found in dizygotic (DZ) men (0.65 educational years/kg birth weight, p=0.006); smaller effects of 0.3 educational years/kg birth weight were found within monozygotic (MZ) twins of both sexes and opposite-sex DZ twins. The magnitude of the associations differed by birth year in MZ women and opposite-sex DZ twins, showing a positive association in the 1915-1959 birth cohort but no association in the 1960-1984 birth cohort. Conclusion Although associations are weak and somewhat inconsistent, our results suggest that intrauterine environment may play a role when explaining the association between birth weight and educational attainment.

Published
2018

37. Birth size and gestational age in opposite-sex twins as compared to same-sex twins:An individual-based pooled analysis of 21 cohorts

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Bogl, Leonie H., Pietilainen, Kirsi H., Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Rebato, Esther, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Ooki, Syuichi, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Vlietinck, Robert F., Derom, Catherine A., Loos, Ruth J. F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I.A., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Bogl, Leonie H., Pietilainen, Kirsi H., Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Rebato, Esther, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Ooki, Syuichi, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Dubois, Lise, Boivin, Michel, Brendgen, Mara, Dionne, Ginette, Vitaro, Frank, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Vlietinck, Robert F., Derom, Catherine A., Loos, Ruth J. F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I.A., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

It is well established that boys are born heavier and longer than girls, but it remains unclear whether birth size in twins is affected by the sex of their co-twin. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 21 twin cohorts in 15 countries derived from the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins), including 67,850 dizygotic twin individuals. Linear regression analyses showed that boys having a co-twin sister were, on average, 31 g (95% CI 18 to 45) heavier and 0.16 cm (95% CI 0.045 to 0.274) longer than those with a co-twin brother. In girls, birth size was not associated (5 g birth weight; 95% CI -8 to -18 and -0.089 cm birth length; 95% CI -0.202 to 0.025) with the sex of the co-twin. Gestational age was slightly shorter in boy-boy pairs than in boy-girl and girl-girl pairs. When birth size was standardized by gestational age, the magnitude of the associations was attenuated in boys, particularly for birth weight. In conclusion, boys with a co-twin sister are heavier and longer at birth than those with a co-twin brother. However, these differences are modest and partly explained by a longer gestation in the presence of a co-twin sister.

Published
2018

38. Does The Sex Of One'S Co-Twin Affect Height And Bmi In Adulthood? A Study Of Dizygotic Adult Twins From 31 Cohorts

Author

Bogl, Leonie H., Jelenkovic, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, Pietilainen, Kirsi H., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Cutler, Tessa L., Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L., Christensen, Kaare, and Skytthe, Axel

Abstract

Background: The comparison of traits in twins from opposite-sex (OS) and same-sex (SS) dizygotic twin pairs is considered a proxy measure of prenatal hormone exposure. To examine possible prenatal hormonal influences on anthropometric traits, we compared mean height, body mass index (BMI), and the prevalence of being overweight or obese between men and women from OS and SS dizygotic twin pairs.

Published
2017

39. Additional file 1: Table S1. of Does the sex of one’s co-twin affect height and BMI in adulthood? A study of dizygotic adult twins from 31 cohorts

Author

Bogl, Leonie, Jelenkovic, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, Pietiläinen, Kirsi, Stazi, Maria, Fagnani, Corrado, D’Ippolito, Cristina, Yoon-Mi Hur, Hoe-Uk Jeong, Silberg, Judy, Lindon Eaves, Maes, Hermine, Gombojav Bayasgalan, Danshiitsoodol Narandalai, Cutler, Tessa, Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie, Mack, Thomas, Derom, Catherine, Vlietinck, Robert, Nelson, Tracy, Whitfield, Keith, Corley, Robin, Huibregtse, Brooke, McAdams, Tom, Eley, Thalia, Gregory, Alice, Krueger, Robert, McGue, Matt, Shandell Pahlen, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Beijsterveldt, Toos Van, Zengchang Pang, Qihua Tan, Dongfeng Zhang, Martin, Nicholas, Medland, Sarah, Montgomery, Grant, Hjelmborg, Jacob, Rebato, Esther, Swan, Gary, Krasnow, Ruth, Busjahn, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Öncel, Sevgi, Aliev, Fazil, Baker, Laura, Tuvblad, Catherine, Siribaddana, Sisira, Hotopf, Matthew, Athula Sumathipala, Fruhling Rijsdijk, Magnusson, Patrik, Pedersen, Nancy, Aslan, Anna, Ordoñana, Juan, Sánchez-Romera, Juan, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Duncan, Glen, Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam, Tarnoki, David, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hopper, John, Loos, Ruth, Dorret Boomsma, Sørensen, Thorkild, Silventoinen, Karri, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

Sample size, mean, standard deviation and range for age by cohort in females from same- and opposite-sex dizygotic twin pairs. Table S2. Sample size, mean, standard deviation, and range for age by cohort in males from same- and opposite-sex dizygotic twin pairs. Table S3. Sample size, mean, and standard deviation for height (cm) and BMI (kg/m2) by cohort in females from same- and opposite-sex dizygotic twin pairs. Table S4. Sample size, mean, and standard deviation for height (cm) and BMI (kg/m2) by cohort in males from same- and opposite-sex dizygotic twin pairs. (DOCX 45 kb)

Published
2017
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40. Human adaptations to diet: Biological and cultural coevolution

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Ibáñez-Zamacona, María Eugenia, and Rebato, Esther

Abstract

•Human beings show remarkable phenotypic diversity across geographical populations. Much of this variability results from genetic and cultural adaptations to different environmental stresses, mainly climatic changes, exposure to pathogens, and diet.•The shift from a subsistence strategy based on foraging for wild food resources (hunting and gathering during the Palaeolithic period) to a way of life based on the consumption of domesticated plants and animals in the Neolithic can be considered one of the most important dietary transitions of Homo sapiens.•Signals of recent positive selection have been identified in some genes, consistent with a history of diet-related selection pressures during human evolution; however, the evolutionary scenario is highly complex, and the selective pressures for each phenotype have possibly been diverse, with notable variability at the spatial and temporal levels.•Some examples of gene-culture coevolution are (i) the persistence of the enzyme lactase after weaning, which allows the digestion of milk in adulthood, related to the emergence of dairy farming during the Neolithic period; (ii) the population differences in alcohol susceptibility, in particular, the ethanol intolerance of Asian populations due to the increased accumulation of the toxic acetaldehyde, related to the spread of rice domestication; (iii) the maintenance of gluten intolerance (celiac disease) with the subsequent reduced fitness of its sufferers, related to the emergence of agriculture and (iv) the considerable variation in the biosynthetic pathway of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in native populations with extreme diets.

Published
2024
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41. Association of current and former smoking with body mass index: A study of smoking discordant twin pairs from 21 twin cohorts

Author

Piirtola, Maarit, primary, Jelenkovic, Aline, additional, Latvala, Antti, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Honda, Chika, additional, Inui, Fujio, additional, Watanabe, Mikio, additional, Tomizawa, Rie, additional, Iwatani, Yoshinori, additional, Ordoñana, Juan R., additional, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., additional, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D., additional, Tarnoki, David L., additional, Martin, Nicholas G., additional, Montgomery, Grant W., additional, Medland, Sarah E., additional, Rasmussen, Finn, additional, Tynelius, Per, additional, Tan, Qihua, additional, Zhang, Dongfeng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Stazi, Maria A., additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, Brescianini, Sonia, additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Harris, Jennifer R., additional, Brandt, Ingunn, additional, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, additional, Cutler, Tessa L., additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Corley, Robin P., additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M., additional, Sung, Joohon, additional, Kim, Jina, additional, Lee, Jooyeon, additional, Lee, Sooji, additional, Gatz, Margaret, additional, Butler, David A., additional, Franz, Carol E., additional, Kremen, William S., additional, Lyons, Michael J., additional, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., additional, Pedersen, Nancy L., additional, Dahl Aslan, Anna K., additional, Öncel, Sevgi Y., additional, Aliev, Fazil, additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Loos, Ruth J. F., additional, Silberg, Judy L., additional, Maes, Hermine H., additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., additional, Korhonen, Tellervo, additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, and Silventoinen, Karri, additional

Published
2018
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42. Genetic and environmental factors affecting birth size variation: a pooled individual-based analysis of secular trends and global geographical differences using 26 twin cohorts

Author

Yokoyama, Yoshie, primary, Jelenkovic, Aline, additional, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, Stazi, Maria A, additional, Brescianini, Sonia, additional, Ji, Fuling, additional, Ning, Feng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, additional, Mankuta, David, additional, Abramson, Lior, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Hopper, John L, additional, Cutler, Tessa L, additional, Saudino, Kimberly J, additional, Nelson, Tracy L, additional, Whitfield, Keith E, additional, Corley, Robin P, additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M, additional, Derom, Catherine A, additional, Vlietinck, Robert F, additional, Loos, Ruth J F, additional, Llewellyn, Clare H, additional, Fisher, Abigail, additional, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, additional, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, additional, Sodemann, Morten, additional, Krueger, Robert F, additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E M, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Harris, Jennifer R, additional, Brandt, Ingunn, additional, Nilsen, Thomas S, additional, Craig, Jeffrey M, additional, Saffery, Richard, additional, Dubois, Lise, additional, Boivin, Michel, additional, Brendgen, Mara, additional, Dionne, Ginette, additional, Vitaro, Frank, additional, Haworth, Claire M A, additional, Plomin, Robert, additional, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, additional, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, additional, Rasmussen, Finn, additional, Tynelius, Per, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D, additional, Tarnoki, David L, additional, Ooki, Syuichi, additional, Rose, Richard J, additional, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, additional, Boomsma, Dorret I, additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, and Silventoinen, Karri, additional

Published
2018
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43. Associations between birth size and later height from infancy through adulthood: An individual based pooled analysis of 28 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins project

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, primary, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Harris, Jennifer R., additional, Brandt, Ingunn, additional, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, additional, Ooki, Syuichi, additional, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, additional, Almqvist, Catarina, additional, Magnusson, Patrik K.E., additional, Saudino, Kimberly J., additional, Stazi, Maria A., additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, Brescianini, Sonia, additional, Nelson, Tracy L., additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, additional, Mankuta, David, additional, Abramson, Lior, additional, Cutler, Tessa L., additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Llewellyn, Clare H., additional, Fisher, Abigail, additional, Corley, Robin P., additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M., additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, additional, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, additional, Sodemann, Morten, additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Alexandra Burt, S., additional, Klump, Kelly L., additional, Dubois, Lise, additional, Boivin, Michel, additional, Brendgen, Mara, additional, Dionne, Ginette, additional, Vitaro, Frank, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveld, Catharina E.M., additional, Craig, Jeffrey M., additional, Saffery, Richard, additional, Rasmussen, Finn, additional, Tynelius, Per, additional, Heikkilä, Kauko, additional, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., additional, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, additional, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, additional, Haworth, Claire M.A., additional, Plomin, Robert, additional, Ji, Fuling, additional, Ning, Feng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D., additional, Tarnoki, David L., additional, Kim, Jina, additional, Lee, Jooyeon, additional, Lee, Sooji, additional, Sung, Joohon, additional, Loos, Ruth J.F., additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, and Silventoinen, Karri, additional

Published
2018
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44. Birth size and gestational age in opposite-sex twins as compared to same-sex twins: An individual-based pooled analysis of 21 cohorts

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, primary, Sund, Reijo, additional, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, additional, Almqvist, Catarina, additional, Magnusson, Patrik KE, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, Beijsterveldt, Catharina EM van, additional, Bogl, Leonie H., additional, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, additional, Vuoksimaa, Eero, additional, Ji, Fuling, additional, Ning, Feng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Nelson, Tracy L, additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Llewellyn, Clare H., additional, Fisher, Abigail, additional, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, additional, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, additional, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, additional, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, additional, Sodemann, Morten, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D., additional, Tarnoki, David L., additional, Ooki, Syuichi, additional, Stazi, Maria A., additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, Brescianini, Sonia, additional, Dubois, Lise, additional, Boivin, Michel, additional, Brendgen, Mara, additional, Dionne, Ginette, additional, Vitaro, Frank, additional, Cutler, Tessa L, additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Craig, Jeffrey M., additional, Saffery, Richard, additional, Haworth, Claire MA, additional, Plomin, Robert, additional, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, additional, Mankuta, David, additional, Abramson, Lior, additional, Burt, S Alexandra, additional, Klump, Kelly L., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Loos, Ruth JF, additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, and Silventoinen, Karri, additional

Published
2018
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45. Education in Twins and Their Parents Across Birth Cohorts Over 100 years: An Individual-Level Pooled Analysis of 42-Twin Cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, primary, Jelenkovic, Aline, additional, Latvala, Antti, additional, Sund, Reijo, additional, Yokoyama, Yoshie, additional, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, additional, Almqvist, Catarina, additional, Derom, Catherine A., additional, Vlietinck, Robert F., additional, Loos, Ruth J. F., additional, Kandler, Christian, additional, Honda, Chika, additional, Inui, Fujio, additional, Iwatani, Yoshinori, additional, Watanabe, Mikio, additional, Rebato, Esther, additional, Stazi, Maria A., additional, Fagnani, Corrado, additional, Brescianini, Sonia, additional, Hur, Yoon-Mi, additional, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, additional, Cutler, Tessa L., additional, Hopper, John L., additional, Busjahn, Andreas, additional, Saudino, Kimberly J., additional, Ji, Fuling, additional, Ning, Feng, additional, Pang, Zengchang, additional, Rose, Richard J., additional, Koskenvuo, Markku, additional, Heikkilä, Kauko, additional, Cozen, Wendy, additional, Hwang, Amie E., additional, Mack, Thomas M., additional, Siribaddana, Sisira H., additional, Hotopf, Matthew, additional, Sumathipala, Athula, additional, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, additional, Sung, Joohon, additional, Kim, Jina, additional, Lee, Jooyeon, additional, Lee, Sooji, additional, Nelson, Tracy L., additional, Whitfield, Keith E., additional, Tan, Qihua, additional, Zhang, Dongfeng, additional, Llewellyn, Clare H., additional, Fisher, Abigail, additional, Burt, S. Alexandra, additional, Klump, Kelly L., additional, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, additional, Mankuta, David, additional, Abramson, Lior, additional, Medland, Sarah E., additional, Martin, Nicholas G., additional, Montgomery, Grant W., additional, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., additional, Pedersen, Nancy L., additional, Dahl Aslan, Anna K., additional, Corley, Robin P., additional, Huibregtse, Brooke M., additional, Öncel, Sevgi Y., additional, Aliev, Fazil, additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, McGue, Matt, additional, Pahlen, Shandell, additional, Willemsen, Gonneke, additional, Bartels, Meike, additional, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., additional, Silberg, Judy L., additional, Eaves, Lindon J., additional, Maes, Hermine H., additional, Harris, Jennifer R., additional, Brandt, Ingunn, additional, Nilsen, Thomas S., additional, Rasmussen, Finn, additional, Tynelius, Per, additional, Baker, Laura A., additional, Tuvblad, Catherine, additional, Ordoñana, Juan R., additional, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., additional, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, additional, Gatz, Margaret, additional, Butler, David A., additional, Lichtenstein, Paul, additional, Goldberg, Jack H., additional, Harden, K. Paige, additional, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., additional, Duncan, Glen E., additional, Buchwald, Dedra, additional, Tarnoki, Adam D., additional, Tarnoki, David L., additional, Franz, Carol E., additional, Kremen, William S., additional, Lyons, Michael J., additional, Maia, José A., additional, Freitas, Duarte L., additional, Turkheimer, Eric, additional, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., additional, Boomsma, Dorret I., additional, and Kaprio, Jaakko, additional

Published
2017
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46. Education in Twins and Their Parents Across Birth Cohorts Over 100 years : An Individual-Level Pooled Analysis of 42-Twin Cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Kandler, Christian, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Busjahn, Andreas, Saudino, Kimberly J., Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rose, Richard J., Koskenvuo, Markku, Heikkilae, Kauko, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Medland, Sarah E., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., OEncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Krueger, Robert F., Mcgue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Lichtenstein, Paul, Goldberg, Jack H., Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Maia, Jose A., Freitas, Duarte L., Turkheimer, Eric, Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Kandler, Christian, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Busjahn, Andreas, Saudino, Kimberly J., Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rose, Richard J., Koskenvuo, Markku, Heikkilae, Kauko, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Medland, Sarah E., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., OEncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Krueger, Robert F., Mcgue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Lichtenstein, Paul, Goldberg, Jack H., Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Maia, Jose A., Freitas, Duarte L., Turkheimer, Eric, Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

Whether monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins differ from each other in a variety of phenotypes is important for genetic twin modeling and for inferences made from twin studies in general. We analyzed whether there were differences in individual, maternal and paternal education between MZ and DZ twins in a large pooled dataset. Information was gathered on individual education for 218,362 adult twins from 27 twin cohorts (53% females; 39% MZ twins), and on maternal and paternal education for 147,315 and 143,056 twins respectively, from 28 twin cohorts (52% females; 38% MZ twins). Together, we had information on individual or parental education from 42 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. The original education classifications were transformed to education years and analyzed using linear regression models. Overall, MZ males had 0.26 (95% CI [0.21, 0.31]) years and MZ females 0.17 (95% CI [0.12, 0.21]) years longer education than DZ twins. The zygosity difference became smaller in more recent birth cohorts for both males and females. Parental education was somewhat longer for fathers of DZ twins in cohorts born in 1990-1999 (0.16 years, 95% CI [0.08, 0.25]) and 2000 or later (0.11 years, 95% CI [0.00, 0.22]), compared with fathers of MZ twins. The results show that the years of both individual and parental education are largely similar in MZ and DZ twins. We suggest that the socio-economic differences between MZ and DZ twins are so small that inferences based upon genetic modeling of twin data are not affected.

Published
2017
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47. Genetic and environmental effects on body mass index from infancy to the onset of adulthood : an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins study

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Lachance, Geneviève, Jelenkovic, Aline, Boivin, Michel, Sund, Reijo, Fradette, Catherine, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Dionne, Ginette, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Dubois, Lise, Honda, Chika, Hjelmborg, Jacob B., Möller, Sören, Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Fuling, Ji, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Willemsen, Gonneke, Rasmussen, Finn, Goldberg, Jack H., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Kandler, Christian, Saudino, Kimberly Jane, Jang, Kerry L., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Gao, Wenjing, Yu, Canqing, Li, Liming, Corley, Robin, Huibregtse, Brooke M., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Vlietinck, Robert, Loos, Ruth, Heikkilä, Kauko, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tárnoki, Ádám Domonkos, Tárnoki, Dávid László, Stazi, Maria Antonietta, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, L. J., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matthew, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bartels, Meike, Beijsterveldt, C. E. M. van, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, José António, Brendgen, Mara Rosemarie, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Chong, Youngsook, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik, Pedersen, Nancy L., Tynelius, Per, Lichtenstein, Paul, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot Max, Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Spector, T. D., Mangino, Massimo, Baker, Laura Ann, Tuvblad, Catherine, Silventoinen, Karri, Lachance, Geneviève, Jelenkovic, Aline, Boivin, Michel, Sund, Reijo, Fradette, Catherine, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Dionne, Ginette, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Dubois, Lise, Honda, Chika, Hjelmborg, Jacob B., Möller, Sören, Ooki, Syuichi, Aaltonen, Sari, Fuling, Ji, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Willemsen, Gonneke, Rasmussen, Finn, Goldberg, Jack H., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Busjahn, Andreas, Kandler, Christian, Saudino, Kimberly Jane, Jang, Kerry L., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Gao, Wenjing, Yu, Canqing, Li, Liming, Corley, Robin, Huibregtse, Brooke M., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Vlietinck, Robert, Loos, Ruth, Heikkilä, Kauko, Wardle, Jane, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., He, Mingguang, Ding, Xiaohu, Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten, Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Sodemann, Morten, Tárnoki, Ádám Domonkos, Tárnoki, Dávid László, Stazi, Maria Antonietta, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, L. J., Maes, Hermine H., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matthew, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Bartels, Meike, Beijsterveldt, C. E. M. van, Craig, Jeffrey M., Saffery, Richard, Freitas, Duarte L., Maia, José António, Brendgen, Mara Rosemarie, Vitaro, Frank, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Chong, Youngsook, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik, Pedersen, Nancy L., Tynelius, Per, Lichtenstein, Paul, Haworth, Claire M. A., Plomin, Robert, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot Max, Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Spector, T. D., Mangino, Massimo, Baker, Laura Ann, and Tuvblad, Catherine

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Both genetic and environmental factors are known to affect body mass index (BMI), but detailed understanding of how their effects differ during childhood and adolescence is lacking. OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the genetic and environmental contributions to BMI variation from infancy to early adulthood and the ways they differ by sex and geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low levels (East Asia) of obesogenic environments. DESIGN: Data were available for 87,782 complete twin pairs from 0.5 to 19.5 y of age from 45 cohorts. Analyses were based on 383,092 BMI measurements. Variation in BMI was decomposed into genetic and environmental components through genetic structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The variance of BMI increased from 5 y of age along with increasing mean BMI. The proportion of BMI variation explained by additive genetic factors was lowest at 4 y of age in boys (a(2) = 0.42) and girls (a(2) = 0.41) and then generally increased to 0.75 in both sexes at 19 y of age. This was because of a stronger influence of environmental factors shared by co-twins in midchildhood. After 15 y of age, the effect of shared environment was not observed. The sex-specific expression of genetic factors was seen in infancy but was most prominent at 13 y of age and older. The variance of BMI was highest in North America and Australia and lowest in East Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation to total variation remained roughly similar across different regions. CONCLUSIONS: Environmental factors shared by co-twins affect BMI in childhood, but little evidence for their contribution was found in late adolescence. Our results suggest that genetic factors play a major role in the variation of BMI in adolescence among populations of different ethnicities exposed to different environmental factors related to obesity.

Published
2017

48. Differences in genetic and environmental variation in adult BMI by sex, age, time period, and region: an individual-based pooled analysis of 40 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Rissanen, Aila, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Piirtola, Maarit, Aaltonen, Sari, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Rebato, Esther, Hjelmborg, Jacob V B, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Cutler, Tessa L, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Busjahn, Andreas, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Martin, Nicholas G, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik Ke, Pedersen, Nancy L, Dahl Aslan, Anna K, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Spector, Timothy D, Mangino, Massimo, LaChance, Genevieve, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina Em, Willemsen, Gonneke, Goldberg, Jack H, Rasmussen, Finn, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth Jf, Hopper, John L, Sung, Joohon, Maes, Hermine H, Turkheimer, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild Ia, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Rissanen, Aila, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Piirtola, Maarit, Aaltonen, Sari, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Rebato, Esther, Hjelmborg, Jacob V B, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Cutler, Tessa L, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Busjahn, Andreas, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Martin, Nicholas G, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik Ke, Pedersen, Nancy L, Dahl Aslan, Anna K, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Spector, Timothy D, Mangino, Massimo, LaChance, Genevieve, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina Em, Willemsen, Gonneke, Goldberg, Jack H, Rasmussen, Finn, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth Jf, Hopper, John L, Sung, Joohon, Maes, Hermine H, Turkheimer, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild Ia, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

Background: Genes and the environment contribute to variation in adult body mass index [BMI (in kg/m(2))], but factors modifying these variance components are poorly understood.Objective: We analyzed genetic and environmental variation in BMI between men and women from young adulthood to old age from the 1940s to the 2000s and between cultural-geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low (East Asia) prevalence of obesity.Design: We used genetic structural equation modeling to analyze BMI in twins ≥20 y of age from 40 cohorts representing 20 countries (140,379 complete twin pairs).Results: The heritability of BMI decreased from 0.77 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.78) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.75) in men and women 20-29 y of age to 0.57 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.60) and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.65) in men 70-79 y of age and women 80 y of age, respectively. The relative influence of unique environmental factors correspondingly increased. Differences in the sets of genes affecting BMI in men and women increased from 20-29 to 60-69 y of age. Mean BMI and variances in BMI increased from the 1940s to the 2000s and were greatest in North America and Australia, followed by Europe and East Asia. However, heritability estimates were largely similar over measurement years and between regions. There was no evidence of environmental factors shared by co-twins affecting BMI.Conclusions: The heritability of BMI decreased and differences in the sets of genes affecting BMI in men and women increased from young adulthood to old age. The heritability of BMI was largely similar between cultural-geographic regions and measurement years, despite large differences in mean BMI and variances in BMI. Our results show a strong influence of genetic factors on BMI, especially in early adulthood, regardless of the obesity level in the population.

Published
2017
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49. Education in Twins and Their Parents Across Birth Cohorts Over 100 years:An Individual-Level Pooled Analysis of 42-Twin Cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Kandler, Christian, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Busjahn, Andreas, Saudino, Kimberly J., Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rose, Richard J., Koskenvuo, Markku, Heikkilae, Kauko, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Medland, Sarah E., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., OEncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Krueger, Robert F., Mcgue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Lichtenstein, Paul, Goldberg, Jack H., Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Maia, Jose A., Freitas, Duarte L., Turkheimer, Eric, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Kandler, Christian, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Busjahn, Andreas, Saudino, Kimberly J., Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rose, Richard J., Koskenvuo, Markku, Heikkilae, Kauko, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Medland, Sarah E., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., OEncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Krueger, Robert F., Mcgue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Lichtenstein, Paul, Goldberg, Jack H., Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Maia, Jose A., Freitas, Duarte L., Turkheimer, Eric, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

Whether monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins differ from each other in a variety of phenotypes is important for genetic twin modeling and for inferences made from twin studies in general. We analyzed whether there were differences in individual, maternal and paternal education between MZ and DZ twins in a large pooled dataset. Information was gathered on individual education for 218,362 adult twins from 27 twin cohorts (53% females; 39% MZ twins), and on maternal and paternal education for 147,315 and 143,056 twins respectively, from 28 twin cohorts (52% females; 38% MZ twins). Together, we had information on individual or parental education from 42 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. The original education classifications were transformed to education years and analyzed using linear regression models. Overall, MZ males had 0.26 (95% CI [0.21, 0.31]) years and MZ females 0.17 (95% CI [0.12, 0.21]) years longer education than DZ twins. The zygosity difference became smaller in more recent birth cohorts for both males and females. Parental education was somewhat longer for fathers of DZ twins in cohorts born in 1990–1999 (0.16 years, 95% CI [0.08, 0.25]) and 2000 or later (0.11 years, 95% CI [0.00, 0.22]), compared with fathers of MZ twins. The results show that the years of both individual and parental education are largely similar in MZ and DZ twins. We suggest that the socio-economic differences between MZ and DZ twins are so small that inferences based upon genetic modeling of twin data are not affected.

Published
2017

50. Does the sex of one's co-twin affect height and BMI in adulthood?:A study of dizygotic adult twins from 31 cohorts

Author

Bogl, Leonie H, Jelenkovic, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Cutler, Tessa L, Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C E M, Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Martin, Nicholas G, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Hjelmborg, Jacob V B, Rebato, Esther, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Busjahn, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hopper, John L, Loos, Ruth J F, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Silventoinen, Karri, Kaprio, Jaakko, Bogl, Leonie H, Jelenkovic, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Cutler, Tessa L, Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L, Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, McAdams, Tom A, Eley, Thalia C, Gregory, Alice M, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C E M, Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Martin, Nicholas G, Medland, Sarah E, Montgomery, Grant W, Hjelmborg, Jacob V B, Rebato, Esther, Swan, Gary E, Krasnow, Ruth, Busjahn, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Ordoñana, Juan R, Sánchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hopper, John L, Loos, Ruth J F, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Silventoinen, Karri, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The comparison of traits in twins from opposite-sex (OS) and same-sex (SS) dizygotic twin pairs is considered a proxy measure of prenatal hormone exposure. To examine possible prenatal hormonal influences on anthropometric traits, we compared mean height, body mass index (BMI), and the prevalence of being overweight or obese between men and women from OS and SS dizygotic twin pairs.METHODS: The data were derived from the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) database, and included 68,494 SS and 53,808 OS dizygotic twin individuals above the age of 20 years from 31 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. Zygosity was determined by questionnaires or DNA genotyping depending on the study. Multiple regression and logistic regression models adjusted for cohort, age, and birth year with the twin type as a predictor were carried out to compare height and BMI in twins from OS pairs with those from SS pairs and to calculate the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for being overweight or obese.RESULTS: OS females were, on average, 0.31 cm (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20, 0.41) taller than SS females. OS males were also, on average, taller than SS males, but this difference was only 0.14 cm (95% CI 0.02, 0.27). Mean BMI and the prevalence of overweight or obesity did not differ between males and females from SS and OS twin pairs. The statistically significant differences between OS and SS twins for height were small and appeared to reflect our large sample size rather than meaningful differences of public health relevance.CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence to support the hypothesis that prenatal hormonal exposure or postnatal socialization (i.e., having grown up with a twin of the opposite sex) has a major impact on height and BMI in adulthood.

Published
2017

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