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This work proposes a photonic method to generate optical pulses with a triangular wave shape using a low coherence source. We modulate this source using a sinusoidal radio frequency signal as a local oscillator. We eliminate the second harmonic of the spectral components generated by the modulation process tuning a reject filter to get a triangular wave. We implement the filter using an interferometer with a delay line in one of their branches. To tune the filter, the only adjustment required is over the optical delay line. We developed our scheme in a simulation environment but based on the use of optical and optoelectronic elements with parameters of commercial devices, some of them available in our laboratory. We generate triangular waveform signals with pulse frequencies of 100, 150, 250, and 300 MHz as proof of concept. The proposed scheme has the advantage of being low cost and easy to use because it does not require bias control nor adjustment to Vpi voltage. Usually, other authors must vary these parameters to get the desired electrical signal. Still, we generate the triangular waveform by adjusting only the local oscillator frequency and the optical delay line. Therefore, because we use a broad-spectrum optical source and do not require a strictly controlled variable voltage, our system will be cheaper.

Stamping and deep drawing precuts are normally produced using cut to length and blanking lines. Within these process chains, the shearing process represents an essential process operation that controls the final quality of the cutting edge and the precision and flatness of the precut sheet. Since the use of high strength steels is continuously increasing in the automotive industry, the tool and machine builders need to consider more aggressive processes and higher shearing forces. In this paper, the cutting force of several steels has been experimentally measured using different shearing angles. For that, a new tool has been constructed where the shearing force and stroke can be monitored using a mechanical press. These measurements have been used to calculate the specific cutting coefficient for the different alloys and angles. As a result analytical methods for the calculation of the maximum shearing force are obtained.

En el presente trabajo de investigación se estudia el procesamiento de información cuántica utilizando estados coherentes con fotones agregados (PACS). Se parte de un estudio de la superposición general de PACS con $n$, $m$ fotones agregados a los estados coherentes $\ket{\alpha}$ y $\ket{\beta}$ de la forma $\ket{\psi} \propto u \ket{{\alpha},m}\ket{{\beta},n }+ v \ket{{\beta},n}\ket{{\alpha},m}$ cuyo entrelazamiento es caracterizado por medio de la concurrencia. Se obtuvieron las condiciones generales para entrelazamiento no nulo, así como una familia de estados máximamente entrelazados mediante expresiones analíticas de la concurrencia y, se estudió el efecto de un canal despolarizante simple sobre esta superposición. En la siguiente etapa, los estados generales se restringen a los que pueden obtenerse experimentalmente, en donde se ha agregado sólo un fotón en uno de los subistemas de la forma $\ket{\psi}_{\text{dp,pa}}=\mathcal{N} (\hat{a}^\dagger \mp \hat{b}^\dagger )\ket{\alpha}\ket{\alpha}$, por lo que son superposiciones de PACS individuales (SPACS). Estas superposiciones se denominan canal de fotones desplazados (DPC) para la ``-", y de fotones agregados (PAC) para la ``+". Las características no clásicas de los DPC y PAC sometidos a la influencia de ruido por esparcimiento y fluctuaciones de fase se estudian a través de la perturbación inducida por una medición homodina (MID homodino) y la discordia cuántica (QD). Se obtuvieron expresiones analíticas que relacionan el QD con una observable para casos sin ruido y con ruido. La observable utilizada son las fluctuaciones de la cuadratura del campo de un subsistema. Los canales DPC y PAC se utilizan como recurso entrelazado para realizar procesamiento de información cuántica a través de un protocolo de teleportación híbrido basado en detección de fotones individuales y detección homodina. Se analizó la capacidad del canal a través de la fidelidad para teleportar un estado, y se obtuvieron expresiones tanto para el caso puro como el caso con ruido. La fidelidad se calcula para cada estado a teleportar y como un promedio para evaluar la capacidad de teleportación del canal. Finalmente, se propone la generación de los canales estudiados en la banda de telecomunicaciones a través de fotones o SPACS anunciados generados en una fibra óptica no lineal mediante el proceso de la mezcla espontánea de cuatro ondas (SFWM) y mezclados en un divisor de haz con el vacío. Se prueba la viabilidad de generar SPACS me In this work, we study quantum information processing with photon added coherent states (PACS). First, the general superposition of $n,m$ added photons to the coherent states $\ket{\alpha}$ and $\ket{\beta}$ of the form $\ket{\psi} \propto u \ket{{\alpha},m}\ket{{\beta},n }+ v \ket{{\beta},n}\ket{{\alpha},m}$ is studied, whose entanglement is characterized by means of Concurrence. The general conditions for non-null entanglement as long as a family of maximally entangled states were obtained. The decoherent effect a simple depolarization channel was also analyzed. As a second part of the study, the states are restricted to the easiest experimentally feasible, in which only one photon is added to each subsystem in the form $\ket{\psi}_{\text{dp,pa}}=\mathcal{N} (\hat{a}^\dagger \mp \hat{b}^\dagger )\ket{\alpha}\ket{\alpha}$ forming superpositions of single PACS (SPACS). These superpositions are named displaced photons channel (DPC) for ``-", and photon added channel (PAC) for ``+". The non-classical character of DPC and PAC affected by noise sources of scattering and phase fluctuation are studied by means of homodyne measurement induced disturbance (homodyne MID) and quantum discord (QD). Analytical expressions that relate QD and one observable were obtained for pure and noise-influenced cases. The observable used is field-quadrature fluctuations for one subsystem. DPC and PAC channels are used as an entangled resource to perform quantum information process through a hybrid quantum teleportation protocol based on single photon and homodyne detections. The channel capacity was analyzed with the fidelity to teleport a state, and closed expressions were obtained for the pure and mixed cases. Fidelity was calculated for each state to teleport and as an average as well to evaluate the teleportation capacity of the channel. Finally, the generation of the studied channels is proposed in the telecommunications band with heralded single photons or SPACS generated within a non-linear fiber optic by spontaneous four wave mixing (SFWM) that are mixed in a beamsplitter with vacuum. The viability of SPACS generations with SFWM was also proved. The generated channels have spectral properties related withe the non-linear process. The non-classical signature of the channel is evaluated by means of the teleportation fidelity for defined spectral windows. Average fidelities of $ \mathcal{F}>0.8 $ were obtained for some spectral windows, which proves the viability of this prop