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Background: Scientific publications featuring patient-driven innovations (i.e., innovations that are developed and driven by patients or informal caregivers) are increasing. By understanding patient innovators' experiences of research publication, the scientific community may be better prepared to support or partner with patient innovators. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore patient innovators' reasons for and experiences of authoring scientific publications about their innovations. Methods: Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 international patient innovators from three continents who had published in scientific journals. Participants were identified through a scoping review on patient-driven innovations and snowball sampling. Interviews were conducted from June to October 2022 and the data was analyzed using the Framework Method. Findings: Participants' reasons for publishing in scientific journals were to strengthen the roles and voices of patients and informal caregivers, and to get recognition for their innovations. Some published as a response to serendipitous opportunities. Several positive experiences were reported: collaborations defined by transparency, mutual respect, and meaningful participation; learning and competence development; and gained confidence regarding the value of lived experiences in research. Participants also reported negative experiences, such as cultural barriers manifested as conservatism in academia and power imbalances between participants and researchers, and structural barriers regarding academic affiliations and research funding. Conclusions: Despite progress in increasing patient and public involvement in research and publication, our study found that patient innovators still experience barriers. This suggests that continued efforts are needed to facilitate contributions from patient innovators and other public actors to the production of relevant and meaningful research.

Material efficiency strategies are of significant importance for the shift towards producing sustainable vehicles and Asynchronous motors (ASM), both for current and new developments. Strategies such as a lightweight design, product lifetime extension, recyclability, and a material selection process based on the three branches of sustainability (ecological, economical, and social). Additionally, this thesis is produced at the request of a case company involved in the production of ASM, with the aim to investigate the sustainability and recyclability of the materials in their current product. This in combination with the importance of circularity, recyclability and resource efficiency, and an increasing market of motors has led to the study’s two research questions (RQ). RQ1: To which degree can carbon dioxide emissions and energy usage be reduced by changing the materials in an ASM rotor? RQ2: How does the changing of the material in the ASM rotor affect the challenges with recycling it? This study contains a theoretical and empirical sub-study. The theoretical sub-study consists of a literature study of published research on the following subjects: Sustainability; sustainable manufacturing; recycled material; recycling processes and circular economy(CE). CE is research in connection to product development. The empirical sub-study is inspired by a policy assessment framework and adapted to fit the thesis. The empirical work contains a life cycle analysis (LCA) with a singular focus on the environmental impact. The work has been conducted during a period of 20 weeks and planned with an agile approach. For the collection of empirical data, six interviews, relevant industrial articles, and the material database Granta EduPack 2022 R2 have been used. Additionally, the thesis contains a comparison between the current material and alternative materials for the ASM rotor. All in all, this has led to a theoretical result with a singular environmental approach to sustainabil, Materialeffektivitetsstrategier är av stor betydelse för övergången till att producera hållbara fordon och asynkronmotorer (ASM), både för nuvarande och framtida utveckling. För att uppnå detta är strategier som lättviktsdesign, förlängning av produktens livslängd, återvinningsbarhet och en materialvalsprocess baserad på hållbarhetens tre grenar (ekologiska, ekonomiska och sociala faktorer) avgörande. Detta examensarbete är framtaget på förfrågan från ett fallföretaget involverat i produktionen av ASM. Syftet är att undersöka hållbarheten och återvinningsbarheten av materialen i deras nuvarande produkt. Examensarbetet grundas på cirkuläritet, återvinningsbarhet och resurseffektivitet, samt den växande marknaden för motorer, vilket har lätt till examensarbetets två forskningsfrågor (FF). FF1: I vilken utsträckning kan koldioxidutsläpp och energianvändning minskas genom att byta material i en ASM-rotor? FF2: Hur påverkar bytet av materialet i ASM-rotorn utmaningarna med att återvinna produkten? Detta examensarbete innehåller en teoretisk och empirisk substudie. Den teoretiska studien består av en litteraturstudie av publicerad forskning inom följande ämnen: Hållbarhet; hållbar tillverkning; återvunnet material; återvinningsprocesser och cirkulär ekonomi (CE). CE tas upp i samband med produktutveckling. Den empiriska substudien är inspirerad av ett policyramverk och är anpassad för att passa detta examensarbete. Det empiriska arbetet innehåller en livscykelanalys (LCA) med fokus på den ekologiska aspekten. Arbetet har bedrivits under en period av 20 veckor och planerats med ett agilt förhållningssätt. För insamling av empiri har sex intervjuer, relevanta industriartiklar och materialdatabasen Granta EduPack 2022 R2 använts. Dessutom innehåller examensarbetet en jämförelse mellan nuvarande material och alternativa material för ASM-rotorn. Sammantaget har detta lett till ett teoretiskt resultat med ett fokus på den ekologiska hållbarheten. Resultatet av examensarbetet

Background: Partnership research practices involving various stakeholder groups are gaining ground. Yet, the research community is still exploring how to effectively coproduce research together. This study describes (a) key programme developments in the creation of a 6-year partnership research programme in Sweden, and (b) explores the hopes, expectations, and experiences of patient innovators (i.e., individuals with lived experience as patients or caregivers who drive health innovations) and researchers involved in the programme during the first years. Methods: We conducted a prospective longitudinal qualitative study spanning the first 2 years of the programme. Data consisted of meeting protocols and interviews with 14 researchers and 6 patient innovators; 39 interviews were carried out in three evenly-spaced rounds. We identified significant events and discussion themes in the meeting protocols and analyzed the interviews using thematic analysis, applying a cross-sectional recurrent approach to track changes over time. Findings: Meeting protocols revealed how several partnership practices (e.g., programme management team, task forces, role description document) were cocreated, supporting the sharing of power and responsibilities among programme members. Based on the analysis of interviews, we created three themes: (1) paving the path to a better tomorrow, reflecting programme members' high expectations; (2) going on a road trip together, reflecting experiences of finding new roles and learning how to cocreate; (3) finding the tempo: from talking to doing, reflecting experiences of managing challenges and becoming productive as a team. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that sharing, respecting, and acknowledging each other's experiences and concerns helps build mutual trust and shape partnership practices. High expectations beyond research productivity suggest that we need to consider outcomes at different levels, from the individual to society, when evaluating th, Patienten i förarsätet

Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med kunskaper om retorik på sociala medier. Utifrån vår sökning efter tidigare forskning kunde vi konstatera att det fanns en kunskapslucka inom detta område. Det förekom dock studier där retorik används i samband med influencers och påverkan på köpbeteenden. Vår studies frågeställningar fokuserar istället på retorikens appellformer; ethos, pathos och logos, och vad i innehållet som påverkar det. Frågeställningarna i studien innefattar även en jämförelse av de retoriska appellformerna mellan två år, för att se eventuella skillnader. Studiens material består av svenska Instagram-inlägg från 2018 och 2022, som har fått stort engagemang. Frågeställningarna besvaras genom en kombination av en kvalitativ multimodal analys och en kvantitativ sammanställning. Studien har genomförts med utgångspunkter från retoriken och semiotiken. Utifrån denna studie kan vi konstatera att ethos och pathos var mycket framträdande i studiens material både 2018 och 2022. Utifrån studien kan vi konstatera att flera saker i inläggets innehåll kan påverka de retoriska appellformerna. Vi kan även konstatera, utifrån studien, att inläggets retorik även påverkas av ikoner, index och symboler., The purpose with this study is to contribute with knowledge about rhetoric on social media. Based on our search for previous research, we were able to see a knowledge gap in this area. However, we could find studies where rhetoric is used in connection with influencers and purchase behaviour. This study is focusing on questions about the rhetorical concepts ethos, pathos and logos. The questions are also focusing on what in the content that affects the rhetorical concepts. The questions in the study also include a comparison between two years, to see if there are any potential differences. The study's material is Swedish Instagram-posts from 2018 and 2022, which have received a lot of engagement. This study's questions are answered through a combination of a qualitative multimodal analysis and a quantitative compilation. The study is based on rhetoric and semiotic theories. Based on this study, we can conclude that ethos and pathos were very distinctive in the material from both 2018 and 2022. The study also shows that several things in the post's content can affect the rhetoric concepts. Based on the study, we can also state that rhetoric is also affected by icons, indexes and symbols.

A number of studies have shown correlations between students' morphological awareness and their decoding skills, word recognition, spelling, word comprehension and reading comprehension. The purpose of this study was 1. to investigate the correlation between morphological knowledge and decoding and spelling in grade 2, and 2. to test and evaluate a newly developed morphological test material. The participants were 50 pupils in grade 2 from two different schools in Sweden. Four tests were used: two measured morphological awareness, and the other measured decoding and spelling. The results of the study show significant positive correlations between results on tests that measure morphological awareness, word decoding and spelling, which is consistent with previous research that has shown that morphological awareness has an influence on students' reading and writing skills. The results suggest that students who score low on the decoding and spelling tests also score low on the morphological tests, and vice versa. The newly designed morphology test was compared with the already existing morphology test and they had a moderate correlation. We consider the new test to be a extensive and reliable test of morphological awareness.

Objectives Patient lead users can be defined as patients or relatives who use their knowledge and experience to improve their own or a relative’s care situation and/or the healthcare system, and who are active beyond what is usually expected. The objective of this study is to explore patient lead users’ experiences and engagement during the early COVID-19 pandemic. Design Qualitative in-depth interviews with a cross-sectional time horizon. Setting The early COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden, from 1 June through 14 September, 2020. Participants A total of 10 patient lead users were recruited from the Swedish patient lead users (spetspatient) network. All participants were living with different long-term conditions and matched the definition of being patient lead users. Results We found that during the early pandemic, patient lead users experienced that they no longer knew how to best manage their own health and care situations. On an individual level, they described an initial lack of knowledge, new routines, including a change in their health and an experience of people without a disease being in the same situation as them, for a while. On a systemic level, they described a fear of imminent unmet-care backlogs and decreased opportunities for sharing patient perspectives in care organisation, but also described increased networking. Conclusions Patient lead users can be seen as an emerging community of practice, and as such could be a valuable resource as a complementary communication channel for an improved health system. The health systems were not able to fully acknowledge and engage with the resource of patient lead users during the pandemic.

The digitalisation of society has transformed the real estate market as it has introduced characteristics that benefit both property owners, tenants and investors. Today, we can process information digitally rather than analogously, which contributes to a larger share of data to utilize and implement in all processes in the industry. PropTech is an innovation that has emerged but which has received more attention in recent years as the technology can be implemented in areas such as information sharing, transactions and management. The purpose of the thesis is to get an idea of ​​what the implementation and attitude around real estate technology like PropTech looks like with private real estate players who manage commercial properties. The purpose will be answered with the help of a qualitative study in the form of semi-structured interviews with people operating in the industry as a property owner or property manager. The study is geographically limited to Malmö, Gothenburg and Stockholm. The results of the study show that the real estate industry is slow, which means that PropTech companies find difficulties in implementing themselves in the market. All property players see the benefits that can be gained from property digitalization, but despite this, PropTech is for many associated with high risk and unexplored solutions. What is most driving in the question of what motivates or does not justify an implementation is what income an investment can be expected to generate. The implementation and attitude around PropTech differs between different real estate players, but on the whole the attitude is nevertheless positive and there is an understanding that a digitalization journey will be required to be competitive in the market in the future.

This study examines how teachers view their teaching about anti-Semitism in the subject of social studies in Swedish upper secondary schools. To analyze teaching on anti-Semitism, this study develops an analytical framework that makes it possible to describe and discuss the content, challenges, and didactic tensions found in this type of teaching. The applied method in the study is qualitative interviews. Two main results were drawn from the study. First, the study shows that anti-Semitism is often understood and taught from a historical and individualistic point of view. Second, that general teaching about racism is often prioritized over specific teaching on anti-Semitism of today. In sum, teaching on anti-Semitism in social studies seems characterized by a notion of that the issue belongs to another time, place, or school subject.

Background Awareness of patients' innovative capabilities is increasing, but there is limited knowledge regarding the extent and nature of patient-driven innovations in the peer-reviewed literature. Objectives The objective of the review was to answer the question: what is the nature and extent of patient-driven innovations published in peer-reviewed scientific journals? Eligibility criteria We used a broad definition of innovation to allow for a comprehensive review of different types of innovations and a narrow definition of 'patient driven' to focus on the role of patients and/or family caregivers. The search was limited to years 2008-2020. Sources of evidence Four electronic databases (Medline (Ovid), Web of Science Core Collection, PsycINFO (Ovid) and Cinahl (Ebsco)) were searched in December 2020 for publications describing patient-driven innovations and complemented with snowball strategies. Charting methods Data from the included articles were extracted and categorised inductively. Results A total of 96 articles on 20 patient-driven innovations were included. The number of publications increased over time, with 69% of the articles published between 2016 and 2020. Author affiliations were exclusively in high income countries with 56% of first authors in North America and 36% in European countries. Among the 20 innovations reported, 'Do-It-Yourself Artificial Pancreas System' and the online health network 'PatientsLikeMe', were the subject of half of the articles. Conclusions Peer-reviewed publications on patient-driven innovations are increasing and we see an important opportunity for researchers and clinicians to support patient innovators' research while being mindful of taking over the work of the innovators themselves.

This thesis aims to see If an algorithm could automatically generate a meal plan that is optimized for low food waste. Design and creation is the method used and the algorithm is developed over a few iterations. The idea is that the algorithm could be used in a mobile application that allows users to search for recipes, mark the ones they like, add their own, and generate a meal plan. The resulting algorithm consists of four parts; an input stage, a stage that decides when to cook each portion, an improvement stage in which the algorithm searches for a better combination of recipes, and an output stage. An adaptation of a neighborhood search is used for the search algorithm, in addition, two heuristic evaluation functions are used to evaluate the waste and other factors of the meal plan. The test results show that the algorithm can generate meal plans with no leftover items (that last shorter than 60 days) for a lot of different test cases. More recipes produce better results up to a certain point, but not so many recipes are needed to have a chance of a successful meal plan generation. Future testing and research in this area could lead to a lot of benefits for people and the climate.

Intersectoral collaboration has been established as essential in the work on climate change adaptation at the municipal level, but the municipalities face several institutional constraints to working across sectors. Because climate change adaptation is situated in a multilevel governance system, the national level has a role to play in institutional change at the municipal level. This thesis focuses on knowledge as an influential tool and sets out to investigate the potential of the national level to support collaborative action at the municipal level that challenges current institutions characterised by working in separate sectors. This is done by analysing the work of the National Knowledge centre for Climate Change Adaptation as they play a central role in the knowledge production on climate change adaptation at the national level. The findings of this thesis contribute to a better understanding of the barriers and opportunities that faces a national authority when supporting the municipalities through knowledge. These are mainly connected to the efficiency of the multilevel governance system, where increased horizontal and vertical interaction could facilitate the knowledge production to better support institutional change. The findings indicate that the regional level have a key role to play in enabling interaction across the system. Furthermore, national authorities must find ways to support collaborative municipal action without encroaching on the municipal autonomy. The findings give indications on what form knowledge could take to achieve this.

In 1985 the County Administrative Boardof Jämtland initiated a process to protect Storsjöodjuret (the Great Lake Monster). Asother famous cryptids, the Monster has become a valuable resource in the process of cultural heritage, marketing and tourism. We apply Bateson’s theories of play (1972) and Goffman’s concept of frame (1974) to show how play offers a metacommunicative strategy to circumvent expressions of disbelief in a locally important folkloristic phenomenon. We ask what reactions the board’s invitation to play are met with, and how the case’szoological, cultural and juridical frames are negotiated. The process is analysed with respect to the different actors’ relation to genres and keys. The playful process in 1985 is contrasted by the judicial intervention in 2002 by the parliamentary ombudsman by whom humour and play are not deemed acceptable communicative strategies. We understand this in terms of closeness, and find that closeness to Storsjöodjuret is a direct factor both to the complexity of suitable communicative strategy, as well as to the creation of the protective decision made as such.

Bakgrund Allmänsjuksköterskor kommer ofta i kontakt med personer med venösa bensår. Behandling och vård av dessa personer sker ofta inom primärvård, öppenvård eller hemsjukvård, men även på vårdavdelningar och andra sjukvårdsinstanser. Venösa bensår är en följd av underliggande kronisk venös insufficiens. Det är därför stor risk att såren återkommer efter läkning och behandlingen måste därför i många fall bli livslång. Trots detta finns få studier som fokuserar på personers upplevelser av behandling och vård vid venösa bensår. Syfte Syftet är att beskriva personers upplevelser av behandling och vård vid venösa bensår. Metod För att sammanfatta den forskning som i dagsläget finns kring ämnet har en litteraturöversikt gjorts. Sökningar har utförts i de vetenskapliga databaserna Pub Med och CINAHL och 16 artiklar identifierades. Dessa har kvalitetsgranskats genom Sophiahemmet Högskolas bedömningsinstrument. Resultat Litteraturöversiktens tre huvudkategorier, förhoppning och uppgivenhet, att leva ett begränsat liv och att inte bli sedd som person berättar om upplevelser som många personer med venösa bensår har av behandling och vård. Personer upplever att behandling och vård på något sätt begränsar eller påverkar dem. Vårdens kontinuitet, god kommunikation, och relationen till sjuksköterskan är av betydelse för upplevelsen av behandling och vård. Det finns brister i individanpassningen av behandling och vård som påverkar personer med venösa bensårs förtroende för vården. Många personer uppger en ovisshet som gör det svårt att hantera behandlingen psykologiskt. En stark önskan om läkning av de venösa bensåren är gemensamt för många studiedeltagare. Slutsats Det fattas specifik forskning om personers upplevelser. Sjuksköterskor som behandlar personer med venösa bensår saknar kunskaper om deras tillstånd och rekommenderad behandling. I denna litteraturöversikt framkommer ett behov av att skifta fokus från läkning av det venösa bensåret till personens livskvalitet. Sj, Background Registered nurses frequently come into contact with persons living with venous leg ulcers, as these wounds are primarily treated and cared for by nurses. Persons with venous leg ulcers often experience underlying chronic venous insufficiency, which is the main cause of venous leg ulcers. This means that even once healed venous leg ulcers are likely to reoccur, and treatment is often life-long. In spite of this, very few studies and research projects focus on the person’s experiences of their ailment in relation to the treatment they receive. Aim To highlight persons’ experiences related to the treatment and care of venous ulcers. Method To summarize the research knowledge of this subject, a review of current literature was undertaken. Searches have been conducted in several online-based databases. Through the databases PubMed and CINAHL 16 articles were identified and then analyzed. Results Many persons with venous leg ulcers feel that treatment and care affects or impedes them in some way. Three core categories were identified as signifying for the result: hopefulness and uncertainty, an impaired life, and not being viewed as a person. Continuity of care, quality of communication, and the nurse-patient relationship are all key contributors to the experiences of treatment and care that persons with venous leg ulcers describe. The result implies that treatment and care of persons with venous leg ulcers is not satisfyingly individualized, which reduces the level of confidence that these persons feel for their healthcare providers. Persons with venous leg ulcers report that experiences of uncertainty make the treatment hard to handle psychologically. A strong desire for permanent healing is shared by persons with venous leg ulcers. Conclusions There is a shortage of specific research aimed at the experiences of persons with venous leg ulcers of aspects relating to their treatment and care. Many nurses lack vital knowledge regarding the treatment and care o

Bakgrund: Man räknar att mellan 20-25% av alla gravida kvinnor i Sverige upplever någon form av förlossningsrädsla. På de flesta sjukhus i Sverige finns Auroramottagningar och de har som syfte att hjälpa de kvinnor som har förlossningsrädsla. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva förlösta kvinnors behov och upplevelse av kontakt med barnmorska på Auroramottagning. Metod: Studien var en kvalitativ intervjustudie. Datainsamlingen utgjordes av åtta semistrukturerade telefonintervjuer med kvinnor som valdes ut genom bekvämlighetsurval. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys utfördes, med induktivt förhållningssätt, vid analys av materialet. Resultat: Två kategorier analyserades fram vilka var Oro och rädsla samt Bemötande. Under kategorin Oro och rädsla utvecklades underkategorierna Tidigare erfarenheter, Påverkan av andras erfarenheter samt Psykisk ohälsa. Dessa innefattar bland annat att kvinnor som upplevt tidigare traumatiska graviditeter och/eller förlossningar var rädda att detta skulle upprepas under nästkommande. Under kategorin Bemötande utvecklades underkategorierna Ett respektfullt bemötande, Individanpassad vård samt Oprofessionellt bemötande. De flesta kvinnor i studien upplevde att de fick ett respektfullt bemötande även om det fanns de som upplevde mötet med barnmorskan på Auroramottagningen som negativt då de upplevde att de inte blev tagna på allvar. De som var positiva efter sina Aurorasamtal upplevde att de blev bemötta med respekt och sedda. Slutsats: Studien ger läsaren en inblick i vilka händelser som leder till att kvinnor går på Aurorasamtal, där bland tidigare förlossningserfarenheter samt psykisk ohälsa. Studien visar även på att merparten av kvinnorna upplevde att de fick ett gott stöd av barnmorskorna på Auroramottagningen, dock fanns det de som upplevde det motsatta., Background: It is estimated that between 20-25% of all pregnant women in Sweden experience some kind of fear of childbirth. Most hospitals in Sweden have Aurora clinics and their purpose is to help women who are afraid of giving birth. Aim: The aim was to describe the needs and experience of delivered women with contact with a midwife at Aurora clinic. Method: The study was a qualitative interview study. The data collection consisted of eight semi-structured telephone interviews with women selected through convenience selection. A qualitative content analysis was performed, with an inductive approach, when analyzing the material. Results: Two categories were analyzed which were Worry and Fear and Treatment. Under the category Anxiety and fear, the subcategories Previous experiences, Impact of others' experiences and Mental illness were developed. Under the category Treatment, the subcategories A respectful treatment, Individualized care and Unprofessional treatment were developed. Conclusion: The study gives the reader an insight into the events that lead to women attending Aurora talks, including previous childbirth experiences and mental illness. The study also shows that the majority of the women felt that they received good support from the midwives at the Aurora clinic, however, there were those who experienced the opposite.

Totalkostnaden för inköp och leverans av material kan reduceras genom att analysera fler kostnadsposter än endast inköpspriset för materialet. Ett sätt att åstadkomma detta är att tillämpa en totalkostnadsanalys för materialet från inköp till dess att det används i produktionen på byggarbetsplatsen. Studien tillämpar en totalkostnadsanalys för att jämföra och utvärdera två olika leveransmetoder av gipsskivor till lägenhetsprojektet JM Ikon. Totalkostnadsanalysen appliceras på ett lägenhetsprojekt där gipsskivorna i nuläget har lyfts in under projektets stomskede med hjälp av lyftkran och hantverkare på plats. Alternativscenariot innebär JIT-leveranser till byggarbetsplatsen via Derome Bygg och Industri där materialet bärs in så nära monteringstillfället som möjligt av Svensk Bygglogistiks Logistikpatrull. Studiens resultat bygger på en fallstudie med både kvantitativa- och kvalitativa metoder. Frågeställningarna har besvarats genom insamling av primära och sekundära data genom litteratursökning, semistrukturerade intervjuer och historiskt dokumenterade data. De semistrukturerade intervjuerna har hållits med affärsområdeschefer, affärsutvecklingschefer, produktionschefer och platschefer i syfte att samla in kvantitativa data samt information om hur arbetet på byggarbetsplatsen fungerat. Totalkostnadsanalysens resultat visar på att alternativscenariot är det mest ekonomiskt lönsamma leveransalternativet för projektet JM Ikon med en kostnadsskillnad på 44 582 kr mellan nuläget och alternativscenariot. Känslighetsanalysens resultat stärker resultaten från totalkostnadsanalysen då en brytpunkt mellan alternativen inte gått att hitta. Oberoende av vilket alternativ som är mest ekonomiskt lönsamt bör valet av leveransmetod anpassas utefter byggets specifika förutsättningar och behov så som geografisk placering, typ av byggprojekt samt dess storlek. Totalkostnadsanalysen kan användas som ett underlag vid beslut om leveransmetod vid inköp av gips och som argument vilka kostn, Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet

Ash disposal at sea is a rapidly growing phenomenon in Sweden. To scatterthe ashes of a loved one over water may appear particularly appealing if thedeceased had had a strong connection to the sea. It may also give rise to private sites of memory in the maritime landscape as the mourners attribute newmeanings to the sea.

Requests for personal funeral rituals increase with growing secularization and the indi-vidualization of death. Based on interviews, this article discusses four women’s experi-ences of independently planning and conducting secular memorials and ash disposals. Idiscuss the role of improvisation in the processes surrounding these rituals. Imagination,invention, improvisation, independence and inspiration emerge as characteristic aspectsof their accounts. Due to the atheist beliefs of the deceased, the families have activelydistanced themselves from the Church’s funeral ritual, and undertakers were not con-sidered helpful. To amend this, the relatives assumed responsibility for planning thesecular funerals rather than leaving responsibility to the dominant authorities of death.Arranging memorials and burials without previous experience made the mourners feelinsecure, but they also took pleasure in the creativity of the process, through which theycreated meaningful and deeply personal memorials and ash disposals. The study showshow rituals were (re)created by combining personal details with already establishedfuneral ritual elements, as the mourners both mimicked and actively distanced them-selves from existing ritual forms.

Stadsplanerare står inför framtida utmaningar med fortsätt förtätning av städer och ökade risker i och med klimatförändringarna. För att få plats för alla samhällsfunktioner som behövs i de kompakta städerna, däribland klimatanpassningsåtgärder, finns det ett behov av mångfunktionella lösningar. Grönblå infrastruktur har en mångfunktionell karaktär och kan användas för att kombinera hantering av översvämningar, värmeböljor och andra samhällsfunktioner i samma lösningar. Trots att dessa fördelar är tydliga i forskningen kvarstår det svårigheter i att implementera lösningarna i praktiken. Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera förutsättningar för implementering av mångfunktionella grönblå lösningar. Detta har gjorts i tidigare studier, men inte med fokus på planering av nya stadsdelar, vilket kommer vara fokus i denna studie där stadsdelen Hyllie i Malmö används som studieobjekt. Analysen grundas på kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med tjänstemän från olika avdelningar på kommunen som är involverade i stadsplaneringen. Resultatet visar att de främsta förutsättningarna för implementering är väl fungerande samverkan, kunskap, regleringsmöjligheter, finansiella resurser och politiskt stöd för prioritering av grönblå strukturer. För att förbättra dessa förutsättningar finns det möjligheter för kommunen att utveckla samverkan inom organisationen och med utomstående aktörer och gå mot mer förenade mål och gemensamt ansvar. En annan möjlighet är att genom arbetet i pilotprojekt utveckla nya lösningar för reglering samt öka kunskapen om grönblå strukturer. Här är utmaningen att integrera erfarenheterna i projekten i kommunens kärnarbete., Urban planners will have to handle future challenges due to the densification of cities and the increased risks resulting from climate change. In order to accommodate all the community functions needed in the compact cities, including climate adaptation measures, there is a need for multifunctional solutions. Green-blue infrastructure is multifunctional in its nature and can be used to combine management of floods, heat waves and other community functions in the same solutions. Although these benefits are clear in research, difficulties remain in implementing the solutions in practice. The aim of this paper is to study the prerequisites for implementing multifunctional green-blue solutions. This has been done in previous studies, but not with a focus on planning new neighbourhoods, which will be the focus of this study where the Hyllie district in Malmö is used as a study object. The analysis is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with officials from various departments of the municipality who are involved in urban planning. The results show that the main prerequisites for implementation are well-functioning collaboration, knowledge, regulatory opportunities, financial resources and political support for prioritizing green-blue structures. To improve these conditions, there are opportunities for the municipality to develop collaboration within the organization and with external actors and move towards more unified goals and shared responsibility. Another possibility is to work with pilot projects to develop new solutions for regulation and to increase the knowledge of green-blue structures. Here, the challenge is to integrate the experience of the projects into the municipality's core work.

Bakgrund: Lateral epikondyalgi är en vanlig åkomma hos den allmänna befolkningen, ofta med långvarig smärta och funktionsnedsättning som följd. I dagsläget finns ingen konsensus om vilken behandling som är bäst vid epikondyalgi, men tejpning anses minska smärtan och underlätta rehabiliteringen. De senaste åren har ny forskning publicerats på tejpning vid epikondyalgi men få systematiska litteraturstudier finns. En sammanställning av den nya litteraturen på tejpning kan leda till tydligare riktlinjer för behandling vid epikondyalgi. Syfte: Systematiskt identifiera, granska och värdera evidensen gällnade tejpnings effekt på smärta vid epikondyalgi. Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie. Sökningen genomfördes i databasen PubMed. Artiklarna granskades med PEDro-skalan samt GRADE från Statens beredning för medicinsk och social utvärdering (SBU). Resultat: Åtta artiklar inkluderades i studien, med totalt 279 deltagare. Studierna fick mellan fem och åtta poäng på PEDro-skalan. Evidensgradering enligt GRADE visade på begränsat underlag för kinesiotejp (KT) avseende smärta, men otillräckligt underlag identifierades för samma metod gällande pain-free grip strength (PFGS) och pressure pain threshold (PPT). Otillräckligt underlag identifierades även för diamanttejp och biomekanisk tejpning på smärta, PFGS och PPT. Det är överlag motstridiga resultat för om de olika tejpningsteknikerna förbättrar smärtan hos patienter med epikondyalgi. Konklusion: Evidensen för tejpning vid epikondyalgi är överlag lågt. Fler välutförda studier med liknande frågeställning och metod är av vikt för att möjliggöra förtydligande av evidensen och användningsområdet för de olika tejpningsteknikerna., Background: Lateral epicondylalgia is a common injury, with a long period of pain and disability as symptoms. At present there is no consensus on which treatments are the best for epicondylalgia, but taping is considered to reduce pain and facilitate rehabilitation. In recent years, new research has been published on taping in epicondylalgia, but few systematic reviews are available. A compilation of the new literature on taping may lead to a clarification in the guidelines for treatment of epicondylalgia. Objective: Systematically identify, review, and examine evidence regarding the effects of taping on pain in individuals with epicondylalgia. Methods: Systematic review. The search was conducted in the database PubMed. The studies were assessed according to PEDro scale and GRADE from Statens beredning för medicinsk och social utvärdering (SBU). Results: Eight articles were included in the study, with a total of 279 participants. The studies received between five and eight points on the PEDro scale. According to GRADE there were limited evidence for kinesiotape (KT) being able to reduce pain and insufficient evidence for KT having any effect on pain-free grip strength (PFGS) and pressure pain threshold (PPT). Insufficient evidence was also identified for diamond tape and biomechanical tape for pain, PFGS and PPT. Conclusion: The evidence for taping in epicondylalgia were in general low. Further well-conducted studies with similar issues and methods are important to clarify the evidence and the use of the different taping techniques.

Studien syftar till att undersöka hur fastighetsgränser markerats ur ett historiskt perspektiv. Detta är en kunskap som är nödvändig då en mätingenjör gör utsökning av gränsmarkeringar i fält och gränsutvisning av fastighetsgräns.Studien syftar även till att belysa de svårigheter mätingenjörer kan möta vid gränsutvisning samt hur arbetet bör planeras. Arbetet är avgränsat till att endast gälla fyra fastigheter i ett utvalt område i Värmland. Genom inmätning och gränsutvisning av gränsmarkeringar med GNSS mottagare och nätverks-RTK där resultatet sedan jämfördes med motsvarande gränsmarkeringar iregisterkartan. I studien ingår även en litteraturöversikt över fastigheters tillkomst genom historien och fastighetsreformer samt fastighetsbildningsåtgärder, detta för att ge en förståelse för fastighetsgränsers uppkomst och dess betydelse för gränsmarkeringar. En översikt över fastighetsgränser, hur de markerats och hävdas. Fallstudien belyser mätingenjörens arbetsgång vid gränsutvisning. Arbetsgången innehåller arkivutredning, gränsutsökning och gränsgång. Arkivutredningen av de fyra fastigheterna visar gränser från storskifte och laga skifte samt fastighetsbildningsåtgärder som hemmansklyvning, avsöndring och ägostyckning. Vid gränsutvisning och gränsutsökning återfanns 31 änd- och brytpunkter längsde olika fastighetsgränserna. De markeringstyper som återfanns var 15 råstenaroch åtta rör i mark övriga var gränshävd.Medelvärde på den beräknade radiella avvikelsen i tätort i fallstudien är 0,17 meter medan avvikelsen på landsbygd är mellan 5,27 och 4,03 meter. Slutsatsenav fallstudien är att registerkartans avvikelser inom studieområde har ett medelvärde på runt fem meter och att skillnaderna är stora., The study aims to investigate the knowledge a surveyor needs before border expulsion. The study contains a literature review addressing how property boundary are marked from a historical perspective. The aim is to highlight the difficulties that the surveyor may encounter working with border expulsion. This study is limited to four properties in one selected area in Värmland. The problem this study addressing is relevant because this service has been excluded from Lantmäteriet that oversees the cadastre system in Sweden. The result is a gap that need to be meet when many property owners are unsure of their property boundaries. By measuring and delineating boundary markings with GNSS receivers and network RTK where the result was then compared with corresponding boundary markings in the register map. The study also provides a literature review to give an understanding of the origin of property boundaries and their importance for property boundary. An overview of property boundaries, how they are marked and maintained. The case study sheds light on the surveyor's work process at border expulsion. The workflow includes among other archive investigation and border search. At border expulsion and border search, 31 end- and break points were found along the selected property boundaries. The mean value of the calculated radial deviation in urban areas in the case study was 0.17 meters, while in the countryside the mean value of the calculated radial deviation was between 5.27 and 4.03 meters. The study shows that the register map in this area in Värmland has an average of deviations of around five meters.

Background/Aim: Calcifications of large arteries are frequent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may contribute to the high cardiovascular risk in this population. The aim of this study was to examine whether abdominal aortic calcification volume (AACV) was a predictor of the rate of decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a cohort of patients with CKD stages 3 and 4. Methods: Eighty-four patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 were enrolled in this prospective observational study. At study entry, and annually, GFR was measured by plasma Cr-51-EDTA clearance. At baseline, haemodynamics was assessed and AACV was determined by computer tomography. Results: The mean follow-up time was 3.4 years and mean decline in GFR was -2.69 mL/min/1.73 m(2) per year. At baseline, abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) was detected in 66 patients (79%). A binary logistic regression analysis revealed that age was the only statistically significant independent predictor of AAC. In patients with AAC, male gender (B = 0.413, p = 0.030), aortic diastolic blood pressure (B = -0.025, p = 0.001) and ankle-brachial index (B = -1.666, p = 0.002) were independently associated with AACV using a multiple linear regression analysis. Neither the presence nor the extent of AAC was significantly associated with the rate of change in GFR during follow-up. Conclusion: In this cohort of patients with CKD stages 3 and 4, only age was an independent predictor of the presence of AAC. AACV was not associated with the rate of decline in GFR. (c) 2019 The Author(s)