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Visceral pain is a characteristic complaint of gastrointestinal disorders. Arq Ajeeb (AA), is an Unani pharmacopeial formulation used to treat gastrointestinal pain. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of AA in visceral pain models. Acute toxicity study of AA was done as per OECD guidelines 423. For analgesic activity, Capsaicin-induced visceral and Indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer pain models were used. Adult male Swiss mice were divided into five groups of six each, viz. negative, positive, standard, test A, and B groups. AA administered orally (0.05 and 0.1 ml/kg). In first test, pain was induced by intracolonic administration of capsaicin (200 microliters); spontaneous behavior was observed and referred hyperalgesia tested by Von Frey filament. Gastric ulcer was induced with indomethacin (30mg/kg). The standard control animals were treated with omeprazole (20mg/kg) and test groups received AA as in previous test. Referred hyperalgesia was quantified and mucosal surface was examined for ulceration. AA was taken to GCMS analysis as well. The result of AA was safe at 300 mg/kg. In the capsaicin model, mice treated with tramadol and AA at both doses showed significant reduction in pain behavior (p˂0.01; p˂0.001; p˂0.05) respectively. In indomethacin model, pain threshold in standard, test group A and B increased (p˂0.01; p˂0.001; p˂0.001) at 4 hr, and after 24 hours (p˂0.05; p˂0.05; p˂0.05) with significant ulcer reduction (p˂0.01; p˂0.01; p˂0.01) respectively. The study concluded that AA has profound analgesic and anti-ulcerogenic activities in mice, validating the Unani claims that AA is effective in the treatment of gastrointestinal pain., Arabian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, مجلد 8, عدد 3 (2022)

Introduction: Marburg viruses are a group of negative-stranded RNA virus. It was first identified in 1967 during a small outbreak. During that outbreak, the fatality rate increased highly and so many people died by the Marburg virus. Later seven strains of Marburg virus were identified from those infected humans. This virus causes Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) in human referred to as Marburg hemorrhagic fever. Marburg virus is endemic only to Africa; however, there have been outbreaks in Europe and the U.S.A. in recent times. Objective: However, the Marburg virus has a high fatality rate, so a preventive measure should be taken to prevent infection. As there is no effective therapeutic agent available against these viruses, effective vaccine design touching all strains would be a great step for human health. Methods: In our recent study, we used in silico analysis for designing a novel epitope-based vaccine against all strains of Marburg virus. As it consists of several structural proteins and multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of Glycoproteins, RNA-directed RNA polymerases, Nucleoproteins, Vp24 proteins, Vp30, Vp35, and Vp40 proteins showed all strains of Marburg virus were conserved in RNA-directed RNA polymerase proteins. Using that protein’s conserved region, T-cell and B-cell epitopes were determined. Results: Among the predicted epitope, only TIGNRAPYI was found to be highly immunogenic with 100% conservancy among all strain of human Marburg virus. The analysis also showed both types I and II major histocompatibility complex molecules interact with this epitope and found to be nonallergenic too. Conclusion: In vivo study of the proposed peptide is suggested for novel universal vaccine production that might be an effective way to prevent human Marburg virus disease.

The anti-ulcer activity of hydro alcoholic extract of Rhus coriaria Linn (HAERC) was investigated in indomethacin and water immersion-induced restraint gastric ulcer in wistar rats. The assessment was carried out by using ulcer index, ulcer score and histopathological studies of the specimens. HAERC at doses of 145 and 248 mg/kg given orally produced significant inhibition of the gastric lesions induced by indomethacin and water immersion restraint method, and the results were comparable to the standard treatment regime. We observed that R. coriaria Linn extract exhibits significant anti ulcer activity and thus supports the Unani claims about the drug. Key words: Rhuscoriaria, indomethacin, water immersion induced ulcer model, ulcer index, postsumaq.