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Huamin zhang et al. review upcoming stem cell transplantation methods for clinical application, and the results of ongoing clinical trials, to provide ideas for the clinical use of stem cell transplantation as a potential treatment for Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic, relapsing disease that severely affects patients' quality of life [[25]]. 35887140 14 Park S.-Y., Kim D.-S., Kim H.-M., Lee J.-K., Hwang D.-Y., Kim T.-H., You S., Han D.K. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Neural Differentiation of Neural Progenitor Cells. Agnieszka Surowiecka et al. describe in their review the use of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of a burn wound and conclude that cellular therapy in burn wound treatment remains an experimental method [[22]]. Amelia Cataldi et al. studied how the mineralization of pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DPSCs, dental pulp stem cells) is affected by inducible NOS (iNOS) upregulation. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Skin aging is characterized by an imbalance between the generation and degradation of extracellular matrix molecules (ECM). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the primary enzymes responsible for ECM breakdown. Intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli can induce different MMPs. However, there is limited literature especially on the summary of skin MMPs and potential inhibitors., Objective: We aim to focus on the upregulation of MMP expression or activity in skin cells following exposure to UV radiation. We also would like to offer valuable insights into potential clinical applications of MMP inhibitors for mitigating skin aging., Methods: This article presents the summary of prior research, which involved an extensive literature search across diverse academic databases including Web of Science and PubMed., Results: Our findings offer a comprehensive insight into the effects of MMPs on skin aging after UV irradiation, including their substrate preferences and distinct roles in this process. Additionally, a comprehensive list of natural plant and animal extracts, proteins, polypeptides, amino acids, as well as natural and synthetic compounds that serve as inhibitors for MMPs is compiled., Conclusion: Skin aging is a complex process influenced by environmental factors and MMPs. Research focuses on UV-induced skin damage and the formation of Advanced Glycosylation End Products (AGEs), leading to wrinkles and impaired functionality. Inhibiting MMPs is crucial for maintaining youthful skin. Natural sources of MMP inhibitor substances, such as extracts from plants and animals, offer a safer approach to obtain inhibitors through dietary supplements. Studying isolated active ingredients can contribute to developing targeted MMP inhibitors., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Essential oils have been recognised for their potential benefits in oral care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antiproliferative activity of essential oils derived from four Zingiberaceae species. A combination of GC/MS and GC-FID was employed to analyse these essential oils. The results showed that β-myrcene (79.77 %) followed by ethyl-cinnamate (40.14 %), β-curcumene (34.90 %), and alloaromadendrene (25.15 %) as the primary constituents of Curcuma mangga, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Kaempferia galanga and Curcuma aeruginosa, respectively. The Zingiberaceae oils were tested for their antibacterial activity against oral bacteria using the disc diffusion test. Curcuma xanthorrhiza oil showed the largest inhibition zones against Streptococcus mitis (19.50±2.22 mm) and Streptococcus sanguinis (15.04±3.05 mm). Similarly, Curcuma mangga oil exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans (12.55±0.45 mm) and mixed oral bacteria (15.03±3.82 mm). Furthermore, the MTT viability assay revealed moderate inhibitory activity of these essential oils against H103 and ORL-204 oral cancer cells. The study findings demonstrate that Curcuma xanthorrhiza and Curcuma mangga essential oils have potent antibacterial properties, suggesting their potential use as natural alternatives to synthetic antibacterial agents in oral care products. However, further investigations are necessary to fully explore their therapeutic applications., (© 2024 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

The utility of knotted proteins in biological activities has been ambiguous since their discovery. From their evolutionary significance to their functionality in stabilizing the native protein structure, a unilateral conclusion hasn’t been achieved yet. While most studies have been performed to understand the stabilizing effect of the knotted fold on the protein chain, more ideas are yet to emerge regarding the interactions in stabilizing the knot. Using classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we have explored the dynamics of the figure-of-eight knotted domain present in ketol acid reductoisomerase (KARI). Our main focus was on the presence of a salt bridge network evident within the knotted region and its role in shaping the conformational dynamics of the knotted chain. Through the potential of mean forces (PMFs) calculation, we have also marked the specific salt bridges that are pivotal in stabilizing the knotted structure. The correlated motions have been further monitored with the help of principal component analysis (PCA) and dynamic cross-correlation maps (DCCM). Furthermore, mutation of the specific salt bridges led to a change in their conformational stability, vindicating their importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional circuit paradigm, utilizing a small set of gates to construct arbitrary quantum circuits, is hindered by significant noise. In the quantum Fourier transform, for instance, the standard gate paradigm employs two CNOT gates for the partial CPhase. In contrast, some quantum computers can directly implement such operations using their native interaction, resulting in less noisy gates. Unfortunately, coherent errors degrade the performance of these gates. In Clifford gates such as the CNOT, these errors can be addressed through randomized compiling (RC). However, RC does not apply to the non-Clifford multi-qubit native implementations described above. The present work introduces and experimentally demonstrates a technique called 'Pseudo Twirling' (PST) to address coherent errors. We demonstrate experimentally that integrating PST with the 'Adaptive KIK' quantum error mitigation method enables the simultaneous mitigation of noise and coherent errors in multi-qubit non-Clifford gates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a natural bioactive compound, curcumin (Cur) has traditionally used for various therapeutic purposes, but due to low solubility, poor skin permeability, and the possibility of superficial staining, its topical applications is restricted. Thus, this study aimed to develop a topical formulation, increasing the solubility of Cur and promoting potential applications. In this context, Cur nanoemulsions were prepared through continuous emulsification and optimized with different ratios of components to achieve desirable properties and superior encapsulation. Accordingly, nanoemulsions prepared by the oleic acid (10%w/w) as oil phase, PEG 400 (6%w/w) as co-surfactant and mixture of Tween 80® and Span 80® (8%w/w) as surfactant showed the most favorable properties with a droplet size of 12.26 nm and polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.254. Afterward, the optimized formulation was converted to nanoemulgel using 1%w/w of Carbopol 940. The Cur formulation presented good physiochemical properties in terms of uniformity, thermodynamic stability, spreadability, and droplet size. The results showed that the release profile follows the Higuchi kinetic model. Moreover, this formulation presented excellent antioxidant capacity (FRAP value of 533.49 ± 2.84 µM Fe (II)/g) and potential photoprotective efficacy (SPF value of 13.86). It was also found to have high anti-inflammatory properties and antibacterial activity (250 µg/ml ≤ MIC < 500 µg/ml) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. According to the results, the current formulation of Cur is a promising candidate to improve the solubility and promote its efficacy for various topical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyzed literature data on the composition of 479 glasses used to stabilize radioactive wastes, covering a wide range and including 51 oxides and few fluorides. The most common glass constituents included SiO2, B2O3, Na2O, and Fe2O3 in varying amounts, with a predominance of borosilicate glasses. Seven families of waste radioactive glasses were observed, including borosilicates, silicates, boroaluminosilicates, iron phosphates, aluminosilicates, sodium iron phosphates, and boroaluminates. These data were used to estimate an average composition associated with a sodium borosilicate glass. Multivariate exploratory methods were used to analyze and classify the compositions of the waste radioactive glasses using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical clustering. Four main clusters were observed, the largest with 417 glasses, mainly silicates, borosilicates, aluminosilicates, and boroaluminosilicates. The results of this work have shown that it is possible to map radioactive waste glasses according to their composition, promoting a road map for future applications with specific properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we employ polymer physics models of chromatin to investigate the 3D folding of a 2 Mb wide genomic region encompassing the human LTN1 gene, a crucial DNA locus involved in key cellular functions. Through extensive Molecular Dynamics simulations, we reconstruct in silico the ensemble of single-molecule LTN1 3D structures, which we benchmark against recent in situ Hi-C 2.0 data. The model-derived single molecules are then used to predict structural folding features at the single-cell level, providing testable predictions for super-resolution microscopy experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hereditary cardiomyopathies (CMPs), including arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), represent a group of heart disorders that significantly contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and are often driven by genetic factors. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology have enabled the identification of rare variants in both well-established and minor genes associated with CMPs. Nowadays, a set of core genes is included in diagnostic panels for ACM, DCM, and HCM. On the other hand, despite their lesser-known status, variants in the minor genes may contribute to disease mechanisms and influence prognosis. This review evaluates the current evidence supporting the involvement of the minor genes in CMPs, considering their potential pathogenicity and clinical significance. A comprehensive analysis of databases, such as ClinGen, ClinVar, and GeneReviews, along with recent literature and diagnostic guidelines provides a thorough overview of the genetic landscape of minor genes in CMPs and offers guidance in clinical practice, evaluating each case individually based on the clinical referral, and insights for future research. Given the increasing knowledge on these less understood genetic factors, future studies are essential to clearly assess their roles, ultimately leading to improved diagnostic precision and therapeutic strategies in hereditary CMPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) differentiate into periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and cementoblasts. To identify inducers of PDL fibroblastic differentiation, monoclonal antibody series were developed a series of against membrane/extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules through decoy immunization. The anti-PDL13 antibody targets ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), renowned for regulating skeletal and soft tissue mineralization. ENPP1 accumulates in the periodontal ligament region of tooth roots, and specifically localizes to the cell boundaries and elongated processes of the fibroblastic cells. As ENPP1 expression increases during fibroblastic differentiation, mineralization induced by tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), a pyrophosphate-degrading enzyme, is completely inhibited. This is consistent with ENPP1 and TNAP acting in opposition, and TGF-ß1-induced ENPP1 expression creates an essential environment for PDL fibroblast differentiation. Representative fibroblastic differentiation markers decrease with endogenous ENPP1 inhibition by siRNA and antibody blocking. ENPP2 generates lipid signaling molecules. In contrast to ENPP1, ENPP2 disappears in TGF-ß1-induced PDL fibroblasts. Ectopic expression of ENPP2 hinders TGF-ß1-induced PDL fibroblastic differentiation. Suppression of ENPP1 and ENPP2 leads to severe defects in undifferentiated and differentiated cells, demonstrating that these two factors play opposing roles in soft and hard tissue differentiation but can complement each other for cell survival. In conclusion, increased ENPP1 is crucial for TGF-ß1-induced PDL differentiation, while ENPP2 and TNAP can inhibit ENPP1. ENPP1 and ENPP2 exhibit complementary functions in the cell survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High quality MAPbBr3 films were grown by pulsed laser deposition of single-crystalline targets using an on-axis geometry. The gas ambience up to the mbar range and laser fluence of some tenths of Joule per square centimeter yielded single α-phase polycrystalline MAPbBr3 films, as revealed by ex situ XRD analysis. In situ low T studies allowed for the observation of cubic-to-tetragonal and of tetragonal-to-orthorombic phase transitions. Absorption and photoluminescence spectra show characteristic peaks around 2.35 eV. In particular, for thin films, PL measurements at low temperature showed narrow peaks characteristic of high crystalline quality and the absence of relevant defect-related recombination. The present results indicate a route to grow high quality thin films of metal halide perovskites via PLD of single-crystalline targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Fermented foods made through microbial growth and enzymatic conversions have been integral to human diets for at least 10,000 years. Recent interest in fermented foods has surged due to their functional properties and health benefits. Cruciferous vegetables of the genus Brassica, such as cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower, are commonly used to produce fermented foods like sauerkraut, kimchi, pao cai, fermented turnips, and others. These foods are rich in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bioactive compounds, which contribute to their potential health-promoting properties. We examined 12 clinical trials investigating fermented foods of the genus Brassica. These studies, which mainly assessed the health benefits of kimchi or sauerkraut consumption, found that regular intake can alleviate symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), aid weight loss, and enhance metabolic health. Seven observational studies also observed health benefits when consuming fermented foods of the genus Brassica. Six of the seven observational studies on kimchi intake linked kimchi intake to reduced obesity risk and other health benefits. An observational study linked sauerkraut and cabbage consumption to reduced breast cancer risk. Despite these findings, the exact roles of various microorganisms and bioactive compounds within these health effects require further investigation. This review underscores the potential of fermented cruciferous vegetables as functional foods, and advocates for more clinical trials and mechanistic studies to understand and optimize their health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]