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The understanding of gas–metal reactions and related surface wettability at high temperatures is often limited due to the lack of in situ surface characterization. Ex situ transfers at low temperature between annealing furnace, wettability device, and analytical tools induce noticeable changes of surface composition distinct from the reality of the phenomena.Therefore, a high temperature wettability device was designed in order to allow in situ sample surface characterization by x-rays photoelectron spectroscopy after gas/metal and liquid metal/solid metal surface reactions. Such airless characterization rules out any contamination and oxidation of surfaces and reveals their real composition after heat treatment and chemical reaction. The device consists of two connected reactors, respectively, dedicated to annealing treatments and wettability measurements. Heat treatments are performed in an infrared lamp furnace in a well-controlled atmosphere conditions designed to reproduce gas–metal reactions occurring during the industrial recrystallization annealing of steels. Wetting experiments are carried out in dispensed drop configuration with the precise control of the deposited droplets kinetic energies. The spreading of drops is followed by a high-speed CCD video camera at 500-2000 frames/s in order to reach information at very low contact time. First trials have started to simulate phenomena occurring during recrystallization annealing and hot-dip galvanizing on polished pure Fe and FeAl8 wt.% samples. The results demonstrate real surface chemistry of steel samples after annealing when they are put in contact with liquid zinc alloy bath during hot-dip galvanizing. The wetting results are compared to literature data and coupled with the characterization of interfacial layers by FEG-Auger. It is fair to conclude that the results show the real interest of such in situ experimental setup for interfacial chemistry studies.

BACKGROUND: In Belgium, the law of "social defense" stipulates that an accused "which is either in a state of dementia or in a serious state of mental disturbance or mental deficiency, incapable of controlling his actions" can be interned. The establishment of social defense (ESD) in Tournai (Belgium) hosts 350 inmates. OBJECTIVES: In collaboration with the Centre for research in social defense, we organized a systematic assessment of patients interned in ESD. This is the first study evaluating prospectively this population. METHODS: Of the total, 229 patients signed informed consent. Different scales of assessment (MINI, WAIS-III, SCID II) were used. Descriptive analyzes were applied (SPSS version 12). RESULTS: We show that 48.8 % of our participants had committed a sexual offense (rape or attempted rape, indecent assault, public outrage or mixed). The average intelligence quotient is 71.4. According to the MINI, 33.2 % of participants showed no psychiatric disorder. Among psychiatric disorders, psychotic disorders are the most represented (37.4 %). According to the SCID, personality disorders were absent in 26.8 % of our participants. Most of the axis II disorders are represented personality disorders related to cluster B (57.3 %) mainly with antisocial personality disorder (37.9 %). CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate the significant heterogeneity of our sample and the need for the establishment of specific care routes to each subpopulation.

Introduction et but de l’etude L’impedancemetrie bioelectrique mesure la resistance au passage d’un courant electrique alternatif indolore a travers le corps. C’est une methode d’application aisee pour la mesure de la composition corporelle des patients, notamment denutris. L’examen permet d’obtenir l’angle de phase (AP ; normale > 5,6°), critere biophysique refletant le fonctionnement cellulaire, ainsi que la masse maigre (MM) et la masse grasse (MG) de l’organisme. L’etude cherchait a determiner quels criteres de composition corporelle et d’etat clinique et metabolique pouvaient influencer l’AP de patients venant en consultation externe de nutrition. Materiel et methodes L’etude etait prospective sur deux mois, aupres de patients ayant de maniere usuelle le releve des criteres suivants : âge, sexe, tour de taille, poids, indice de masse corporelle (IMC), depense energetique de repos calculee (DER ; formules de Harris Benedict), etat nutritionnel, tension arterielle, AP, MM et MG par impedancemetrie multifrequence (QuadScan4000 Bodystat®), pathologie principale, presence ou non d’une nutrition artificielle. L’analyse statistique utilisait le test de Student, l’ANOVA, et l’analyse multivariee par regression logistique pas a pas descendante pour expliquer le critere AP (variables incluses si p Resultats et analyse statistique Cent-soixante-trois patients consecutifs (hommes : 27,6 % ; femmes : 72,4 %) etaient inclus, d’âge 53 ± 17 ans, d’IMC = 27,4 ± 9,4, DER = 1430 ± 331 kcal/j. Parmi, 26,4 % des patients etaient denutris (AP denutris = 4,32 ± 0,86° versus 5,26 ± 1,00° non denutris p Conclusion Cette etude est la seule realisee sur une population de personnes atteintes de pathologies nutritionnelles et vues en consultation externe de nutrition. Elle n’a cependant pas pu prendre en compte la gravite des pathologies des patients suivis. L’AP baisse avec l’âge, et augmente avec la MM des patients. Les resultats vont dans le meme sens que des etudes chez des personnes en bonne sante 1 , 2 , 3 . Ce travail suggere que les patients âges et/ou sarcopeniques pourraient beneficier de mesures de l’AP.

BACKGROUND: In Belgium, the law of "social defense" stipulates that an accused "which is either in a state of dementia or in a serious state of mental disturbance or mental deficiency, incapable of controlling his actions" can be interned. The establishment of social defense (ESD) in Tournai (Belgium) hosts 350 inmates. OBJECTIVES: In collaboration with the Centre for research in social defense, we organized a systematic assessment of patients interned in ESD. This is the first study evaluating prospectively this population. METHODS: Of the total, 229 patients signed informed consent. Different scales of assessment (MINI, WAIS-III, SCID II) were used. Descriptive analyzes were applied (SPSS version 12). RESULTS: We show that 48.8 % of our participants had committed a sexual offense (rape or attempted rape, indecent assault, public outrage or mixed). The average intelligence quotient is 71.4. According to the MINI, 33.2 % of participants showed no psychiatric disorder. Among psychiatric disorders, psychotic disorders are the most represented (37.4 %). According to the SCID, personality disorders were absent in 26.8 % of our participants. Most of the axis II disorders are represented personality disorders related to cluster B (57.3 %) mainly with antisocial personality disorder (37.9 %). CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate the significant heterogeneity of our sample and the need for the establishment of specific care routes to each subpopulation.