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The process of training highly qualified scientific and pedagogical personnel at the present stage is going through another transitional period. The rejection of federal state educational standards and the return to federal state requirements, despite its positive direction, nevertheless, is accompanied by a significant number of new problems. The inevitability of such is not discussed. The most acute issue is their timely detection and adequate response, as a guarantee of success for everyone, from adjuncts (graduate students) to all Russian science. As always, in an era of change, the most affected is a specific person, a group of people. In our case, these are young scientists who are just starting to take their first steps in this field. Being a product of the old educational system, their perception of the new rules so far looks extremely painful. However, the final result of the entire reform, the essence of which boils down to the reincarnation of the scientific component, will largely depend on the change in their approach to what is happening. In turn, its actual implementation is yet to be, depending on many components, including the position of educational institutions, supervisors, heads (heads) of departments and other specialists involved in the process of preparing adjuncts.

A large scientific project is being implemented in Uzbekistan (2019-2021) to study Heat Flow Density anomalies оn the territory of the Republic. Long-term studies by geophysicists of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics have allowed the creation of a geothermal database and a new Heat Flow distribution map. Comprehensive geophysical work is being carried out, including gravimetric, seismic and magnetotelluric studies in three areas (1) Muruntau, (2) Krasnogorsk, (3) Bayangora. According to the constructed gravimetric maps, zones of decompression and faults were identified. Low and high velocity areas have been identified from seismic sections. Magnetotelluric sounding made it possible to identify conduction zones that correlate with anomalous Heat Flow Density. Based on the complex of geophysical data, a three-dimensional model of the deep structure was built for the promising area ​​Muruntau. The locations of wells for the construction of a geothermal station have been determined.

This study was made with complex geophysical and geological observations by the DSS-MRW seismic reflection and refraction profiles, which cross Uzbekistan. The aim of our study was to reveal new features, which are characteristic of the upper mantle rocks, related to morphology of bodies, their physical properties, consisting mainly in their contrasting values for contiguous blocks, and general increased velocity and density of the rocks they contain. The methodology of establishment of integrated dynamic interactive models on ore-magmatic concentres consists of two consecutive stages including: 1) the methodology of integrated geological-geophysical processing and interpretation of potential fields and seismic profiles cross cutting ore-magmatic concentres; 2) the methodology of creation of a united interactive 3-D model in ArcGIS in combination with materials of remote sensing. Each of these stages is divided into more detailed sub-stages. During the study of the deep structure of ore-magmatic concentres, the first step is the integrated methodology of the processing and interpretation of potential fields. It is mainly orientated at the identification of positions of geometric borders of the division of mediums determined by the data of seismic exploration of preferably deep seismic sounding. Our experiences shows that the use of these potential fields for the area zoning of the territory, identification of the depth of manifestation of isolated blocks and their density may significantly affect the interpretation of seismic exploration data. Therefore, the implementation of the method-based interpretation of data of gravitational and magnetic fields preceding, the stage of the construction of the integrated model enables a more complete use of opportunities of these methods. Anomalous objects are isolated in the Earth crust on the basis of the interpretation of potential fields using the methods of the solution of direct and inverse tasks. An integrated interpretation of potential fields enablers the maximal use of information available in this field for the analysis of the deep structure. The processing of data is an important integrated part of the whole process of development of the 3-D model of the ore-magmatic concentre within the frames of the GIS project. New regional features have been revealed: they include peculiarities of the Earth's crust's deep geological structure and spatial distribution of deposits; they are contact areas of the Earth's crust geoblocks with anomalously high and low seismic and density parameters. Mapping of these zones helps select new ways in the search for mineral deposits.

Basidiomycetes produce a wide range of structurally diverse bioactive compounds. Their medicinal application is well-acknowledged, but basidial fungi are generally underestimated and disregarded in the agriculture, despite numerous basidiomycete-derived antifungals and nematicides detected within the most basidial fungi taxa. Bioactive antifungal metabolites – both high (peptides) and low (terpenoids, steroids, organic acids, etc.) molecular weight compounds – produced by basidial fungi have a potential for further application following to high effective strobilurins heading the world fungicide market. Partially the neglect of basidiomycetes is predetermined by more simplicity for other producers’ groups to maintain in culture and to apply at a large scale. The chapter presents an overview of various chemical classes of basidial fungi secondary metabolites with the focus on active against plant pathogenic fungi and nematodes, addressing chemical structure, biosynthesis pathways, history of discovery, and aspects of action. Screening approaches and prospects and limitations in plant growth promotion for sustainable agriculture for the basidiomycete-derived bioactive compounds are discussed.

29 pages; International audience; Sedimentological investigations have been carried out in the southwestern part of the Gissar Range (Uzbekistan) in order to document the stratigraphic evolution of a vast Middle–Upper Jurassic carbonate platform developed on the northern margin of the Amu Darya Basin. Two major sequences are distinguished, based on their contrasting facies pattern, platform configuration and carbon isotope signature: (1) a Callovian Sequence and (2) an Upper Jurassic Sequence, potentially Oxfordian to Kimmeridgian in age. A carbonate ramp with a double proximal-distal polarity developed during the Callovian Sequence. Oo-bioclastic grainstones were produced in two permanently agitated shallow water areas developing to the north and to the south. Patch and pinnacle reefs mainly built up close to the storm-wave base, passing distally to pellet- and foraminiferal-oncoid-rich mid-to outer-ramp deposits. The top of the Callovian Sequence is a regional discontinuity that could have formed by subaerial exposure of the platform. This probable hiatus could record a major climatic change associated to the Middle‒Late Jurassic transition. The Upper Jurassic Sequence consists of metre-thick alternations of pellet/algal-pack- to grainstones, microbial oncoid floatstones, ooid grainstones, and mudstones, which have likely accumulated in a vast lagoon protected by a large-scale barrier reef observed south of the study area. Gypsum and anhydrite content gradually increased towards the top of the Upper Jurassic Sequence, ending up with a thick chicken-wire gypsum accumulation recording the progradation of a large-scale sabkha over the lagoon. This phenomenon is related to a progressive aridification and restriction of the Amu Darya Basin that could have begun during the Middle/Late Oxfordian and reached its climax during the Tithonian with massive halite deposition. Comparable events occurred in Jurassic platforms located along the Tethyan margins, pointing to regional and global controls on sedimentation.

The Amu Darya Basin (ADB) has been studied primarily for its important hydrocarbon reserves and to a lesser extent for its geodynamic evolution. The ADB is located on the SE portion of the Turan Platform, between the sutures of the Turkestan and Palaeo-Tethys oceans, which closed during the Late Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic, respectively. Blocks and island arcs accreted to Eurasia during the Palaeozoic form a poorly defined, heterogeneous basement underlying the ADB. They played an important role in shaping its composite structure into variously orientated sub-basins and highs. In this paper, depth–structure and isopach maps, and regional cross-sections, are analysed to unravel the location and origin of the main structural elements and to characterize the subsidence evolution of the ADB. The main tectonic events leading to the formation and evolution of the ADB took place: (1) in the Late Palaeozoic–Early Triassic (back-arc, rollback and extension/strike-slip); (2) from the Middle Triassic to the Triassic–Jurassic boundary (Eo-Cimmerian collision of Gondwana-derived continental blocks with Eurasia); and (3) during the Early–Middle Jurassic (post-collision extensional event). The last part of this evolution reflects shortening and flexure due to Cenozoic collisions to the south. Palaeotectonic maps are used to relate these events to the geodynamics of the Tethyan domain.

The Bukhara-Khiva region forms the northern margin of the Mesozoic Amu-Darya Basin. We reconstructed several cross-sections across this margin from subsurface data. The objectives included examining the structure of the Bukhara and Chardzhou steps and determining the tectonic–sedimentary evolution of the basin during the Jurassic. Subsequent to the Cimmerian collision in the Middle Triassic, an extensional event controlled the deposition of the Early–Middle Jurassic siliciclastic succession in the Bukhara-Khiva region. The main Late Palaeozoic inherited structures were reactivated as normal faults during this period. Continental coarse-grained siliciclastic sediments are mainly confined to the basal Lower Jurassic section, probably Pliensbachian– Toarcian in age, whereas marine siliciclastic sediments occur in the early Late Bajocian. In the Early–Middle Jurassic the Bukhara and Chardzhou steps were predominantly sourced by areas of relief, the remains of Late Palaeozoic orogens located to the north. The rate of extension significantly declined during the Middle Callovian–Kimmeridgian period. Deposition of the overlying Lower Cretaceous continental red-coloured clastic sediments was related to the interaction of basin subsidence, a fall in eustatic sea-level and sediment supply. Subsequent marine transgression in the Late Barremian, partially related to broad thermal subsidence in the Amu-Darya Basin, resulted in the deposition of an extensive Late Cretaceous clay–marl succession.