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Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of spinal anesthesia on the QT interval in patients with term and post-term pregnancy that were scheduled for elective cesarean section.Materials and methods: Forty pregnant women scheduled for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were assigned into two groups: Post-term group (Group P) (n = 20) and Term group (Group T) (n = 20). After entering the operation room, standard monitoring [electrocardiography (ECG), noninvasive blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation] was performed. The patient was placed in the sitting position and spinal anesthesia was performed with a median approach at the L3-L4a level using a 25G Quincke-type spinal needle. After cerebrospinal fluid was viewed, 12.5 mg (2.5 mL) hyperbaric bupivacaine was administered intrathecally over 1 min. Other ECG records were made at min 1 (T1), 5 (T2), and 10 (T3) after the induction of spinal anesthesia and after skin closure (T4). QT and QT dispersion were measured from ECG. Heart rate-corrected QT (QTc) and QT dispersion (QTcd) values were calculated using the Bazett formula.Results: Demographic characteristics of the patients were similar in both groups. Postoperative QTc, QTd, and QTcd values were significantly increased in Group P compared to those in Group T (p < .05).Conclusion: Spinal anesthesia led to increased postoperative QTc, QTd, and QTcd values in the patients with a gestational age of ≥42 weeks who underwent cesarean section. Accordingly, it is advisable to perform postoperative strict cardiac monitoring particularly in post-term pregnant women undergoing spinal anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the maternal serum concentrations of copper (Cu) and ceruloplasmin (CP) in patients with mild preeclampsia, severe preeclampsia, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome, and to determine their association with the severity of the disease.Methods: This study was carried out at the largest tertiary care health center in the southeast region in Turkey and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dicle University Hospital. A total of 179 pregnant women, including 58 healthy pregnant women and 71 mild preeclampsia, 26 severe preeclampsia, and 24 HELLP syndrome cases classified according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' 2013 guidelines were included in this prospective study. Blood samples were taken from all the pregnant women to evaluate the serum Cu and CP levels. The Cu level was determined via atomic absorption/emission spectroscopy, while the serum CP level was assessed with a nephelometric assay using an automatic image analyzer. Spearman's rank correlation tests were used to determine the correlations between the serum levels of the antioxidative markers and the preeclampsia severity.Results: The mean ± SD of the Cu was 81.2 ± 11.84 µg/dl in the mild preeclampsia cases and 160.2 ± 20.89 µg/dl in the severe preeclampsia cases (p < .001). The mean ± SD of the CP was 33.0 ± 4.81 mg/dl in the mild preeclampsia cases and 65.3 ± 9.17 mg/dl in the severe preeclampsia cases (p < .001). The Cu and CP levels were significantly higher in the patients with HELLP syndrome, which is an advanced and more severe form of severe preeclampsia, than in the mild and severe preeclampsia patients (p < .001 and p < .001, respectively). Therefore, the serum Cu and CP levels were correlated with the severity of preeclampsia (r = 859, p < .001 and r = 786, p < .001, respectively). In addition, there was a positive correlation between the serum Cu and CP levels and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure values and aspartate amino transferase levels (AST), and a negative correlation between the serum Cu and CP levels and the platelet count.Conclusion: This was the first study in which the ceruloplasmin and Cu levels were investigated in HELLP syndrome patients. When considering the results obtained in the present study, there were significant relationships between the Cu, CP levels which are the markers of oxidative stress and the preeclampsia severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of two polymorphisms (rs2077119 and rs4918) in the fetuin-A (Alpha-2-Heremans Schmid Glycoprotein, AHSG) gene and their relationship with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Material and Methods: We enrolled 122 patients with PCOS who were referred to the Harran University Medical Faculty Obstetrics and Gynaecology Outpatient Clinic. We also enrolled 124 healthy women without PCOS as controls. The molecular analysis of these polymorphisms, 767 C>G and 4613 T>G of the AHSG gene, was performed on whole blood using the real-time PCR method. The amplification curves of the polymorphisms in the samples were obtained as a result of the real-time PCR method and genotyped. Results: As a result of our study, homozygous GG genotype, which is polymorphic in terms of fetuin-A gene 767 C>G polymorphism, was observed in 6 of the 122 patient groups, while it was observed in 10 individuals in the 124 control group. The difference between homozygous GG and homozygous CC genotypes in the control and patient groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The homozygous TT genotype, which is polymorphic in terms of the fetuin-A gene 4613 T>G polymorphism, was observed in 35 individuals in the 122 patient group, while it was observed in 26 individuals in the 124-person control group. There was no statistically significant difference between homozygous TT and homozygous GG genotypes in the control and patient groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: According to the data obtained as a result of this research, it is concluded that both the AHSG gene 767 C>G (rs4918) and 4613 T>G (rs2077119) polymorphisms are not related to PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The main objective of this study is to analyse the circumstances and management of peripartum hysterectomies performed on patients with placenta percreta.Methods: This study included 37 patients who were diagnosed with placenta percreta, a condition in which the placenta invades the uterine wall, and who therefore underwent a peripartum hysterectomy. Their demographic characteristics, history of past caesareans, uterine surgery and curettage, duration of hospitalization, admission to an intensive care unit, neonatal outcomes, skin and uterus incision type, hypogastric artery ligation (HAL), complications, quantities of transfused ES (erythrocyte suspensions), and FFP (fresh frozen plasma), maternal morbidity and mortality and postoperative pathology results were retrospectively reviewed.Results: All pregnant patients who underwent a caesarean hysterectomy due to placenta percreta had a history of caesarean section and also of placenta praevia totalis. Bilateral HAL was performed in two patients (5.4%), owing to uncontrollable bleeding during the bladder dissection. The complications most frequently observed were bladder injury (13.5%), followed by infection (8.1%) and relaparotomy (5.4%). There was no mortality. Twenty-three (62.2%) of the patients had ES and 11 patients (29.7%) had FFP transfusions. According to the histopathology findings, 33 of the 37 patients (89.1%) reportedly had placenta percreta, three patients had placenta increta, and one patient had placenta accreta. Analysis of the neonatal status at birth showed that the gestational age was, on average, the 35th week. The birth weight was normal in relation to the gestational week, but the first and fifth minute Apgar score, which measures the physical condition of an infant, was found to be lower than the normal range.Conclusions: If a pregnant patient undergoes uterine surgery or has a history of a caesarean with placenta praevia, she is likely to have placenta percreta. In placenta percreta cases with bladder invasion; careful suturing of the high-volume vessels on the posterior wall of the bladder, through the bladder serosa is important in reducing the amount of bleeding and preventing future fistula formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study aims to evaluate the maternal serum and the vaginal fluid levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecular (sICAM-1) in pregnant women complicated by preterm prelabour ruptures of membranes (PPROM).Materials and Methods: The prospective case control study included 34 pregnant women with PPROM and 34 healthy pregnant women. Patients with additional diseases, a smoking habit and vaginal bleeding, as well as those using antibiotics, during the study period were not included in the study. Cervicovaginal fluid and serum samples were taken during the patients' admission. The demographic data, maternal serum and vaginal fluid sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1, C reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte counts were noted for all pregnant women included in the study. The sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.Results: In pregnant women with PPROM, the serum leukocyte (mean ± SD =11.41 ± 1.067 versus 9.18 ± 1.56, p < .0001), serum sVCAM-1 (median 771.20 versus 704.60 ng/ml, p < .001), sICAM-1 (mean ± SD 213.10 ± 35.59 ng/ml versus 188.11 ± 37.35 ng/ml, p = .06), vaginal sVCAM-1 (median 208.00 versus 140.20 ng/ml, p = .014) and sICAM-1 (mean ± SD 32.32 ± 6.49 ng/ml versus 24.87 ± 6.79 ng/ml, p < .001) values were found to be significantly higher in pregnant women with PPROM than in healthy pregnant women. A positive and significant correlation was observed between the leukocyte count and the vaginal sVCAM-1 level (r = 0.850; p < .001).Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the levels of sICAM-1 in maternal serum in pregnant women with PPROM. The maternal serum and vaginal fluid sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels can be used as biochemical markers supporting the PPROM diagnosis because of the increase in both maternal serum and vaginal fluid sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels in pregnant women with PPROM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare the effect of the different protocols in patients receiving in vitro fertilization treatment due to poor ovarian response. Seventy-seven of the patients included in the study were treated with gonadotropin (450 IU) + GnRH antagonist (group 1), 84 of the patients were treated with gonadotropin (450 IU) + microdose GnRH analog (group 2), and 53 of the patients were treated with clomiphene citrate (100 mg/day) + gonadotropin (300 IU) + GnRH antagonist (Group 3). In assessing total gonadotropin dosage, patients in Group 3 detected significantly less gonadotropin as compared to the other two groups (p < .001). Group 1 were superior to the other two groups with respect to retrieved oocytes, meiosis II oocytes and number of embryos obtained at the end of the treatment. As for the evaluation of clinical pregnancy, although the highest pregnancy rate was in Group 3, this finding was not of statistical significance. Although increasing the dosage of gonadotropins for ovarian hyper stimulation treatment in patients with poor ovarian response is beneficial with respect to retrieved oocytes, meiosis II oocytes and number of embryos, the increased dosage does not provide a statistically significant increase in clinical pregnancy rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the circulatory levels of endothelin 1 (ET-1) and the placental alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in pregnant women with placenta percreta (PP) and a control group.Methods: This study was carried out in the Obstetrics and Gynecology and in the Biochemistry Departments of Harran University Medical School. Forty-four women who underwent cesarean section (CS) due to PP and 44 women who underwent CS for other obstetric reasons were included in this study. The PP diagnosis was made by a pathologic examination that showed an extreme trophoblastic invasion involving the uterine serosa.The levels of circulating ET-1 and placental ALP were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: Women with PP more frequently received antenatal steroids and blood transfusions and they delivered at an earlier gestational age compared to controls. In women with PP, preoperative circulating ET-1 and placental ALP levels were lower than in the controls (p < .05 for both).Conclusions: The findings suggest that a decrease in ET-1 and placental ALP levels might play a role in the pathogenesis of PP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Aim: In the present study, we aimed to assess whether oxidative stress and apoptotic activity play a role in the development of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).Methods: The study group included patients with EOC (n = 26) and benign ovarian tumour (BOT) (n = 25), while 30 healthy women were employed as a control group. Venous blood samples were drawn to evaluate oxidative stress parameters and serum M30/M65 antigen levels before surgery. In addition, blood samples were taken for the second time on postoperative day 8 to analyse whether the postoperative tumour load was decreased.Results: When the groups were assessed regarding oxidative stress, the highest values were detected in patients with EOC. Serum M30/M65 levels were found to be higher in patients with EOC when compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). A significant decrease was determined in the M30/M65 levels of serum samples taken on postoperative day 8 from the patients in the EOC and BOT groups (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Our results suggest that dysregulation of apoptotic activity could be effective in the development of ovarian tumoural tissue, whereas oxidative stress could be effective in malignant transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether trophoblastic transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and E-cadherin expression levels have a role in placenta percreta (PP) aetiopathogenesis.Methods: This study was carried out in the Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pathology Departments of Harran University Medicine School. Forty-four women who underwent caesarean section for PP and other obstetric reasons were included in this study. PP was defined as the detection of placental invasion during the histopathological examination of the hysterectomy specimen, which passes the uterine wall as a whole layer and involves the uterine serosa. Placental tissue samples were collected from all pregnant patients to evaluate TGF-β and E-cadherin expression levels.Results: No significant difference was found in demographic features, including age, gestational week, number of pregnancies and body mass index, among the groups. Immunohistochemical staining against E-cadherin, a cell adhesion molecule, showed significantly reduced staining in PP patients (p = 0.048). TGF-β staining was also low in PP patients, but this difference was not significant (p = 0.107).Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that a decrease in trophoblastic E-cadherin expression may have an important role in PP aetiopathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescence starts with the beginning of physiologically normal puberty, and ends when an adult identity and behavior are admitted. This period of development corresponds roughly to the period between the ages of 10 and 19 years, which is compatible the World Health Organization's definition of adolescence. Most of the adnexal masses during this period are functional ovarian cysts and benign neoplasms, and conservative surgery is suggested in the case of a cystic mass smaller than 8 cm. In all adolescents with adnexal masses, the preoperative evaluation should include a comprehensive medical record, physical examination, and imaging methods such as ultrasonography and laboratory examinations. The aim of this study was to evaluate preoperative findings, surgical procedure and histopathologic findings of the adolescent patients who had surgery for adnexal mass in our clinic. Totally 41 patients were included into study. Age, menstrual history, complaints during admission, images of the masses that were detected with different modalities, laboratory findings, applied surgical procedure and pathology findings were recorded. Among the symptoms that lead patients to admit hospital, abdominal pain was the first that was in 23 patients (56.1%). As we evaluate type of operation, 12 patients (29.3%) had laparoscopy, 29 patients (70.7%) had exploratory laparotomy operation. Mini laparotomy was the most often used incision type in 17 patients (41.5%). 34 patients (82.9%) had only cystectomy as an organ preserving surgery and most common histopathologic diagnosis was functional cyst in 14 patients (34.1%). In conclusion; since most pelvic masses in the adolescent period have benign character, surgery in this period should be minimally invasive and organ preserving for future fertility concerns and avoid from premature menopause [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To date, there is no clinical or laboratory examination particular to adnexal torsion (AT); therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether the plasma D-dimer level has any merit in establishing a diagnosis in AT patients. Materials and methods: In total, 34 women who underwent laparoscopic surgery due to adnexal mass were incorporated into our study. While the study group consisted of 14 women operated on due to AT, the control group comprised of 20 patients operated on due to benign ovarian cysts. In order to study the plasma D-dimer level during the pre-operative period, venous blood samples were obtained from all the women who participated in this study. Results: The plasma D-dimer level in the AT group was seen to be significantly higher than that of the control group (2.20 ± 1.71 µg/ml, 0.43 ± 0.21 µg/ml, p = 0.002, respectively). When the cut-off value for the D-dimer level was taken as 0.65 µg/ml, the sensitivity in determining the AT was found to be 71.4%, whereas the specificity was 85%. Conclusions: The results obtained from our present study suggest that the plasma D-dimer level could be a supplementary laboratory examination in establishing diagnoses in AT patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]