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Cryogenic characterization and modeling of two nanometer bulk CMOS technologies (0.16-μm and 40-nm) are presented in this paper. Several devices from both technologies were extensively characterized at temperatures of 4 K and below. Based on a detailed understanding of the device physics at deep-cryogenic temperatures, a compact model based on MOS11 and PSP was developed. In addition to reproducing the device DC characteristics, the accuracy and validity of the compact models are demonstrated by comparing time-and frequency-domain simulations of complex circuits, such as a ring oscillator and a low-noise amplifier (LNA), with the measurements at 4 K., OLD QCD/Charbon Lab, QuTech, ImPhys/Quantitative Imaging, (OLD)Applied Quantum Architectures

A fault-tolerant quantum computer with millions of quantum bits (qubits) requires massive yet very precise control electronics for the manipulation and readout of individual qubits. CMOS operating at cryogenic temperatures down to 4 K (cryo-CMOS) allows for closer system integration, thus promising a scalable solution to enable future quantum computers. In this paper, a cryogenic control system is proposed, along with the required specifications, for the interface of the classical electronics with the quantum processor. To prove the advantages of such a system, the functionality of key circuit blocks is experimentally demonstrated. The characteristic properties of cryo-CMOS are exploited to design a noise-canceling low-noise amplifier for spin-qubit RF-reflectometry readout and a class-F2,3 digitally controlled oscillator required to manipulate the state of qubits., OLD QCD/Charbon Lab, Electronics, (OLD)Applied Quantum Architectures

A fault-tolerant quantum computer with millions of quantum bits (qubits) requires massive yet very precise control electronics for the manipulation and readout of individual qubits. CMOS operating at cryogenic temperatures down to 4 K (cryo-CMOS) allows for closer system integration, thus promising a scalable solution to enable future quantum computers. In this paper, a cryogenic control system is proposed, along with the required specifications, for the interface of the classical electronics with the quantum processor. To prove the advantages of such a system, the functionality of key circuit blocks is experimentally demonstrated. The characteristic properties of cryo-CMOS are exploited to design a noise-canceling low-noise amplifier for spin-qubit RF-reflectometry readout and a class-F2,3 digitally controlled oscillator required to manipulate the state of qubits., OLD QCD/Charbon Lab, Electronics, (OLD)Applied Quantum Architectures