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170 results on '"ITER-Like Wall"'

1. PMI in Large Tokamaks

Author: Tanabe, Tetsuo, Bonitz, Michael, Series Editor, Chen, Liu, Series Editor, Neu, Rudolf, Series Editor, Nozaki, Tomohiro, Series Editor, Ongena, Jozef, Series Editor, Takabe, Hideaki, Series Editor, and Tanabe, Tetsuo
Published: 2021
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2. Deuterium and beryllium depth profiles into the W-coated JET divertor tiles after ITER-like wall campaigns

Author: C. Ruset, E. Grigore, M. Mayer, F. Baiasu, C. Porosnicu, S. Krat, A. Widdowson, J. Likonen, M. Analytis, and R. Meihsner
Subjects: Tungsten coatings, Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry, Beryllium deposition, Deuterium retention, ITER-like Wall, JET, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: A number of 35 samples cored from JET divertor tiles exposed to JET plasmas in ILW1 (ITER Like Wall – first campaign), ILW2, ILW1 + ILW2 and ILW3 campaigns were analyzed using the Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry (GDOES) technique. The depth profiles of the elements contained in the surface layer of the tiles (W, Mo, Be, C, O and D) have been quantitatively determined up to a depth of 30–60 μm.The upper zone of Tile 3 (the lower vertical zone of the inner divertor) seems to be an erosion zone as it was demonstrated with a Mo marker layer in the ILW1 campaign. By increasing the input energy in the following campaigns this erosion did not increase, but it almost disappeared, probably due to significant amounts of Be that were transported from the main chamber and deposited on that area. The Be concentration increased in the upper zone of Tile3 in ILW2 and ILW3 by a factor of about 5 in comparison with the ILW1 campaign. It looks like the Be layer protects the tile surface from erosion.Depending on the amount of Be deposited on specific areas of the W-coated CFC (Carbon Fiber Composite) tiles, two mechanisms of D retention were identified. If the peak concentration of Be is less than ∼4.5 at.% D is mainly trapped into the defects of the W/Mo structure including W/Mo and Mo/C interfaces. When the peak concentration of Be exceeds ∼4.5 at.%, D is mainly retained in the Be deposits. The GDOES results were correlated with SEM analyses performed on the GDOES crater flanks and with the TDS (Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy), results obtained with the same samples after GDOES analyses. They are in good agreement with the corresponding results obtained by other authors using NRA (Nuclear Reaction Analysis), SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) and TDS.
Published: 2022
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3. Tritium retention in plasma facing materials of JET ITER-Like-Wall retrieved from the vacuum vessel in 2012 (ILW1), 2014 (ILW2) and 2016 (ILW3)

Author: E. Pajuste, G. Kizane, L. Avotina, A. Vitins, and A.S. Teimane
Subjects: Tritium, Beryllium, ITER-Like Wall, Joint European Torus, Fuel retention, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: ITER-Like-Wall (ILW) project has been carried out at Joint European Torus (JET) to test plasma facing materials relevant to International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor – ITER [1]. Limiters and an upper dump plate of the vacuum vessel are made of bulk beryllium tiles, whereas for the divertor bulk tungsten and tungsten-coated carbon fibre (CFC) composite tiles are used.During the shutdowns in ILW1 (2012), ILW2 (2014) and ILW3 (2016), selected beryllium tiles were removed from the vacuum vessel. In this study, tiles from three positions were analysed, and analysis results were compared regarding both the tile position in the vacuum vessel and differences in the exploitation conditions during the respective three ILW campaigns: ILW1, ILW2, ILW3. Tritium results have been compared to deuterium data published by other authors [2,3].Tritium measurements were performed by two methods - thermal desorption spectroscopy and beryllium chemical etching. Prior to tritium measurements, scanning electron microscopy was used to study structure of the plasma-facing surfaces.Experimental results revealed that tritium content in beryllium samples over all three campaigns is in range of 1.0·1010 to 9.7·1013 tritium atoms per square centimetre of the plasma-facing surface area (atoms/cm2). Highest tritium content was found in the samples from outer wall of the vacuum vessel - up to 4.0·1013 atoms/cm2 in ILW1, 4.2·1013 atoms/cm2 in ILW2 and 9.7·1013 atoms/cm2 in ILW3. Whereas, the lowest - in the upper part of the vacuum vessel: 5.1·1012, 2.8·1012 and 1.0·1010 atoms/cm2 in ILW1, ILW2 and ILW3, respectively. In contrary to the deuterium, in the outer wall tile higher tritium concentrations were found in the central part of the tiles where plasma induced erosion had occurred according to the SEM analysis data. Difference between tritium content in the central part and side part of tile could reach a magnitude of an order - for example, 9.7·1013 and 6.9·1012 atoms/cm2 in the outer wall tile from the ILW3 campaign. Results obtained within this study give possibility to assess tritium retention mechanism and make estimates of its possible inventory in larger machines such as ITER.
Published: 2021
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4. Retention of noble and rare isotope gases in plasma-facing components-Experience from the JET tokamak with the ITER-like wall

Author: Dittrich, Laura, Petersson, Per, Moon, Sunwoo, Rubel, Marek, Tran, Tuan Thien, Widdowson, Anna, Contribuors, J E T, Dittrich, Laura, Petersson, Per, Moon, Sunwoo, Rubel, Marek, Tran, Tuan Thien, Widdowson, Anna, and Contribuors, J E T
Abstract: Plasma edge cooling, ion cyclotron wall conditioning and disruption mitigation techniques involve massive gas injection (by puffs or pellets) to the torus. A certain fraction remains in plasma-facing components (PFC) due to co-deposition and implantation. An uncontrolled release/desorption of such retained species affects the stability of plasma operation. The aim of this work was to determine the lateral and depth distribution of noble (3He, 4He, Ne, Ar), seeded (N2, Ne, Ar) and tracer gases (15N, 18O) in PFC retrieved from the JET tokamak with the ITER-Like Wall (JET-ILW) after three experimental campaigns (ILW-1, ILW-2, ILW-3). Results regarding the retention of those gases are shown as well as a comparison to the deuterium retention in the studied areas. Heavy ion elastic recoil detection analysis was used, being the only technique capable of detection and quantitative assessment of all elements, especially low-Z isotopes. Helium was found on the divertor Tile 5, locally up to 44.1015 3He cm-2 and 12.1015 4He cm-2, and on the limiters as well. Neon was found in two positions on the limiters, with up to 10.1015 Ne cm-2 and the 15N tracer on Be limiters exposed to ILW-3. A correlation of N retention with the N seeding rates for each campaign has also been found.
Published: 2023
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5. Analysis of the outer divertor hot spot activity in the protection video camera recordings at JET.

Author: Drenik, A., Brezinsek, S., Carvalho, P., Huber, V., Osterman, N., Matthews, G.F., and Nemec, M.
Subjects: *VIDEO recording, *FUSION reactor divertors, *PLASMA-wall interactions, *SURFACE temperature, *IMAGE processing
Abstract: Abstract Hot spots on the divertor tiles at JET result in overestimation of the tile surface temperature which causes unnecessary termination of pulses. However, the appearance of hot spots can also indicate the condition of the divertor tile surfaces. To analyse the behaviour of the hot spots in the outer divertor tiles of JET, a simple image processing algorithm is developed. The algorithm isolates areas of bright pixels in the camera image and compares them to previously identified hot spots. The activity of the hot spots is then linked to values of other signals and parameters in the same time intervals. The operation of the detection algorithm was studied in a limited pulse range with high hot spot activity on the divertor tiles 5, 6 and 7. This allowed us to optimise the values of the controlling parameters. Then, the wider applicability of the method has been demonstrated by the analysis of the hot spot behaviour in a whole experimental campaign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2019
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6. Dust generation in tokamaks: Overview of beryllium and tungsten dust characterisation in JET with the ITER-like wall.

Author: Rubel, M., Widdowson, A., Grzonka, J., Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Moon, Sunwoo, Petersson, P., Ashikawa, N., Asakura, N., Hamaguchi, D., Hatano, Y., Isobe, K., Masuzaki, S., Kurotaki, H., Oya, Y., Oyaidzu, M., and Tokitani, M.
Subjects: *TOKAMAKS, *BERYLLIUM, *TUNGSTEN, *PLASMA gases, *FUSION reactor divertors, *LIQUID scintillators, *THERMAL desorption
Abstract: Abstract Operation of the JET tokamak with beryllium and tungsten ITER-like wall provides unique opportunity for detailed studies on dust generation: quantity, morphology, location, etc. The programme carried out in response to ITER needs for safety assessment comprises: (i) remotely controlled vacuum cleaning of the divertor; (ii) local sampling of loosely bound matter from plasma-facing components (PFC); (iii) collection of mobilized dust on various erosion-deposition probes located in the divertor and in the main chamber. Results of comprehensive analyses performed by a number of complementary techniques, e.g. a range of microscopy methods, electron and ion spectroscopy, liquid scintillography and thermal desorption, are summarized by following points: (a) Total amount of dust collected by vacuum cleaning after three campaigns is about 1–1.4 g per campaign (19.1–23.5 h plasma operation), i.e. over 100 times smaller than in JET operated with carbon walls (i.e. in JET-C). (b) Two major categories of Be dust are identified: flakes of co-deposits formed on PFC and droplets (2–10 μm in diameter). Small quantifies, below 1 g, of Be droplets and splashes are associated mainly with melting of beryllium limiters. (c) Tungsten dust occurs mainly as partly molten flakes originating from the W-coated tiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2018
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7. An overview of tritium retention in dust particles from the JET-ILW divertor

Author: Otsuka, T., Masuzaki, S., Ashikawa, N., Torikai, Y., Hatano, Y., Tokitani, M., Oya, Y., Asakura, N., Hayashi, T., Tanigawa, H., Iwai, Y., Widdowson, A., Rubel, Marek, Otsuka, T., Masuzaki, S., Ashikawa, N., Torikai, Y., Hatano, Y., Tokitani, M., Oya, Y., Asakura, N., Hayashi, T., Tanigawa, H., Iwai, Y., Widdowson, A., and Rubel, Marek
Abstract: Tritium (T) retention characteristics in dust collected from the divertor in JET with ITER-like wall (JET-ILW) after the third campaign in 2015-2016 (ILW-3) have been examined in individual dust particles by combining radiography (tritium imaging plate technique) and electron probe micro-analysis. The results are summarized and compared with the data obtained after the first campaign in 2011-2012 (ILW-1). The dominant component in ILW-1 dust was carbon, QC 20220308
Published: 2022
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8. The emissivity of W coatings deposited on carbon materials for fusion applications.

Author: Ruset, C., Falie, D., Grigore, E., Gherendi, M., Zoita, V., Zastrow, K.-D., Matthews, G., Courtois, X., Bucalossi, J., and Likonen, J.
Subjects: *TUNGSTEN, *METAL coating, *NUCLEAR fusion, *CARBON fibers, *COMPOSITE materials, *GRAPHITE
Abstract: Tungsten coatings deposited on carbon materials such as carbon fiber composite (CFC) or fine grain graphite are currently used in fusion devices as amour for plasma facing components (PFC). More than 4000 carbon tiles were W-coated by Combined Magnetron Sputtering and Ion Implantation technology for the ITER-like Wall at JET, ASDEX Upgrade and WEST tokamaks. The emissivity of W coatings is a key parameter required by protection systems of the W-coated PFC and also by the diagnostic tools in order to get correct values of temperature and heat loading. The emissivity of tungsten is rather well known, but the literature data refer to bulk tungsten or tungsten foils and not to coatings deposited on carbon materials. The emissivity was measured at the wavelengths of 1.064 μm, 1.75 μm, 3.75 μm and 4.0 μm. It was found that the structure of the substrate has a significant influence on the emissivity values. The temperature dependence of the emissivity in the range of 400 °C–1200 °C and the influence of the viewing angle were investigated as well. The results are given in a table for W coatings and for other materials of interest for fusion such as bulk W and bulk Be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2017
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9. Determination of retained tritium from ILW dust particles in JET

Author: Ashikawa, N., Torikai, Y, Asakura, N, Otsuka, T, Widdowson, A, Rubel, M, Oyaizu, M, Hara, M, MASUZAKI, S., Isobe, K, Hatano, Y, Heinola, K, Baron-Wiechec, A, Jachmich, S, Hayashi, T, JET, Contributors, Ashikawa, N., Torikai, Y, Asakura, N, Otsuka, T, Widdowson, A, Rubel, M, Oyaizu, M, Hara, M, MASUZAKI, S., Isobe, K, Hatano, Y, Heinola, K, Baron-Wiechec, A, Jachmich, S, Hayashi, T, and JET, Contributors
Abstract: Quantitative tritium inventory in dust particles from campaigns in the JET tokamak with the carbon wall (2007–2009) and the ITER-like wall (ILW 2011–2012) were determined by the liquid scintillation counter and the full combustion method. A feature of this full combustion method is that dust particles were covered by a tin (Sn) which reached 2100 K during combustion under oxygen flow. The specific tritium inventory for samples from JET with carbon and with metal walls was measured and found to be similar. However, the total tritium inventory in dust particles from the ILW experiment was significantly smaller in comparison to the carbon wall due to the lower amount of dust particles generated in the presence of metal walls., source:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2019.100673
Published: 2021

10. Studies of Be migration in the JET tokamak using AMS with 10Be marker.

Author: Bykov, I., Bergsåker, H., Possnert, G., Zhou, Y., Heinola, K., Pettersson, J., Conroy, S., Likonen, J., Petersson, P., and Widdowson, A.
Subjects: *NUCLEAR fusion, *TOKAMAKS, *ACCELERATOR mass spectrometry, *INDUCTIVELY coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry
Abstract: The JET tokamak is operated with beryllium limiter tiles in the main chamber and tungsten coated carbon fiber composite tiles and solid W tiles in the divertor. One important issue is how wall materials are migrating during plasma operation. To study beryllium redistribution in the main chamber and in the divertor, a 10 Be enriched limiter tile was installed prior to plasma operations in 2011–2012. Methods to take surface samples have been developed, an abrasive method for bulk Be tiles in the main chamber, which permits reuse of the tiles, and leaching with hot HCl to remove all Be deposited at W coated surfaces in the divertor. Quantitative analysis of the total amount of Be in cm 2 sized samples was made with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The 10 Be/ 9 Be ratio in the samples was measured with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The experimental setup and methods are described in detail, including sample preparation, measures to eliminate contributions in AMS from the 10 B isobar, possible activation due to plasma generated neutrons and effects of diffusive isotope mixing. For the first time marker concentrations are measured in the divertor deposits. They are in the range 0.4–1.2% of the source concentration, with moderate poloidal variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2016
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11. The structure of the tungsten coatings deposited by Combined Magnetron Sputtering and Ion Implantation for nuclear fusion applications.

Author: Grigore, E., Ruset, C., Rasinski, M., Gherendi, M., and Matthews, G.F.
Subjects: *MAGNETRON sputtering, *TUNGSTEN, *COATING processes, *NUCLEAR fusion, *THERMAL fatigue
Abstract: Combined Magnetron Sputtering and Ion Implantation (CMSII) technology was used for W coating of about 1800 CFC tiles for ITER-like Wall (ILW) at JET and more than 1300 fine grain graphite tiles for ASDEX Upgrade tokamak. Thermal fatigue and carbidization due to the diffusion of the carbon from the substrate were found as main phenomena limiting the service lifetime of the W coatings. Detailed investigation of these coatings using SEM and STEM (scanning transmission electron microscopy) together with the FIB (focused ion beam) cutting technique revealed two fine networks of nano-pores with the size of 10–20 nm for zones of 250–350 nm at CFC-Mo and Mo-W interfaces. Formation of these nano-pores is associated with the energy of the ions striking the coating during the deposition process. By optimizing this energy the nano-pores disappeared. The structure and the performances of the W coatings produced by the new modified technology (CMSII-M) were compared with those deposited by standard benchmark technology. The HHF (high heat flux) tests carried out with an electron beam at a temperature of 1450 °C indicated a decrease of the defects affected area by a factor of about 1.7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2015
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12. Tritium retention in plasma facing materials of JET ITER-Like-Wall retrieved from the vacuum vessel in 2012 (ILW1), 2014 (ILW2) and 2016 (ILW3)

Author: L. Avotina, A. Vitins, A.S. Teimane, E. Pajuste, and Gunta Kizane
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, ITER-Like Wall, Materials science, Thermonuclear fusion, Fuel retention, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Nuclear engineering, Joint European Torus, chemistry.chemical_element, Tungsten, Tritium, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 0103 physical sciences, 010302 applied physics, Divertor, TK9001-9401, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Deuterium, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, Tile, Beryllium
Abstract: ITER-Like-Wall (ILW) project has been carried out at Joint European Torus (JET) to test plasma facing materials relevant to International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor – ITER [1]. Limiters and an upper dump plate of the vacuum vessel are made of bulk beryllium tiles, whereas for the divertor bulk tungsten and tungsten-coated carbon fibre (CFC) composite tiles are used. During the shutdowns in ILW1 (2012), ILW2 (2014) and ILW3 (2016), selected beryllium tiles were removed from the vacuum vessel. In this study, tiles from three positions were analysed, and analysis results were compared regarding both the tile position in the vacuum vessel and differences in the exploitation conditions during the respective three ILW campaigns: ILW1, ILW2, ILW3. Tritium results have been compared to deuterium data published by other authors [2,3]. Tritium measurements were performed by two methods - thermal desorption spectroscopy and beryllium chemical etching. Prior to tritium measurements, scanning electron microscopy was used to study structure of the plasma-facing surfaces. Experimental results revealed that tritium content in beryllium samples over all three campaigns is in range of 1.0·1010 to 9.7·1013 tritium atoms per square centimetre of the plasma-facing surface area (atoms/cm2). Highest tritium content was found in the samples from outer wall of the vacuum vessel - up to 4.0·1013 atoms/cm2 in ILW1, 4.2·1013 atoms/cm2 in ILW2 and 9.7·1013 atoms/cm2 in ILW3. Whereas, the lowest - in the upper part of the vacuum vessel: 5.1·1012, 2.8·1012 and 1.0·1010 atoms/cm2 in ILW1, ILW2 and ILW3, respectively. In contrary to the deuterium, in the outer wall tile higher tritium concentrations were found in the central part of the tiles where plasma induced erosion had occurred according to the SEM analysis data. Difference between tritium content in the central part and side part of tile could reach a magnitude of an order - for example, 9.7·1013 and 6.9·1012 atoms/cm2 in the outer wall tile from the ILW3 campaign. Results obtained within this study give possibility to assess tritium retention mechanism and make estimates of its possible inventory in larger machines such as ITER.
Published: 2021

13. Invited Review

Author: Elżbieta Fortuna-Zaleśna, Bastiaan J. Braams, Daisuke Nishijima, Thomas Schwarz-Selinger, R.P. Doerner, Marek Rubel, E. Safi, Dmitriy Borodin, Kalle Heinola, Christian Linsmeier, Kai Nordlund, Anna Widdowson, Christian Hill, Michael Probst, Hyun-Kyung Chung, Gregory De Temmerman, Juri Romazanov, S. Brezinsek, Institut des Hautes Etudes pour l’Innovation et l’Entrepreneuriat (IHEIE) (IHEIE), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Center for Energy Research [La Jolla], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Warsaw University of Technology [Warsaw], Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Culham Science Centre [Abingdon], Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, European Project, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Amsterdam (CWI), The Netherlands, MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, University of California-University of California, University of Helsinki, University of Innsbruck, Department of Physics, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Helsinki Institute of Urban and Regional Studies (Urbaria), and Doctoral Programme in Materials Research and Nanosciences
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, JET-ILW, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Nuclear engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, 114 Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, ISOTOPE RETENTION, 010305 fluids & plasmas, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], NEUTRON-IRRADIATED BERYLLIUM, 0103 physical sciences, Plasma-facing material, 010306 general physics, Erosion-deposition, Erosion–deposition, [PHYS]Physics [physics], DEUTERIUM RETENTION, TK9001-9401, CORE-LEVEL SHIFTS, Dust, Plasma, Research needs, respiratory tract diseases, ION-BEAM ANALYSIS, ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Hydrogen fuel, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, TRITIUM RELEASE, Erosion, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, Environmental science, ITER-LIKE WALL, Critical assessment, Beryllium, BE-9(P,ALPHA(0))LI-6 CROSS-SECTIONS, Literature survey, Controlled fusion, ddc:624
Abstract: International audience; ITER will use beryllium as a plasma-facing material in the main chamber, covering a total surface area of about 620 m. Given the importance of beryllium erosion and co-deposition for tritium retention in ITER, significant efforts have been made to understand the behaviour of beryllium under fusion-relevant conditions with high particle and heat loads. This paper provides a comprehensive report on the state of knowledge of beryllium behaviour under fusion-relevant conditions: the erosion mechanisms and their consequences, beryllium migration in JET, fuel retention and dust generation. The paper reviews basic laboratory studies, advanced computer simulations and experience from laboratory plasma experiments in linear simulators of plasma–wall interactions and in controlled fusion devices using beryllium plasma-facing components. A critical assessment of analytical methods and simulation codes used in beryllium studies is given. The overall objective is to review the existing set of data with a broad literature survey and to identify gaps and research needs to broaden the database for ITER.
Published: 2021
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14. Isotope Identity Experiments in JET with ITER-like Wall

Author: Maggi C.F., Auriemma F., Horvath L., Casson F., Nordman H., Wiesen H., Delabie E., Eriksson F., Flanagan J., Keeling D., King D., Lorenzini R., Maslov M., Menmuir S., Salmi A., Schneider P.A., Sertoli M., Sips A.C.C., Szepesi G., Tala T., and JET Contributors
Subjects: ITER-like Wall, Physics::Plasma Physics, Plasma Physics, JET, Isotope Identity Experiments
Abstract: Dimensionless experiments test the invariance of plasma physics to changes in the dimensional plasma parameters, when the canonical dimensionless parameters, such as P*, V*, ?, q, ... are conserved. In particular, isotope identity experiments exploit the change in hydrogen isotope ion mass A = mi/mp to obtain plasmas with identical dimensionless profiles in the same tokamak. With this technique, NBI-heated L-mode and type I ELMy H-mode plasmas at moderate beta have been obtained in JET with the Be/W ITER-like wall in H and D, with similar profiles of the dimensionless plasma parameters Pi*, V*, ?th, q, as well as similar Zeff, Ti/Te and Mach-number profiles. In the core confinement region of these plasmas the dominant instabilities are ITG modes both in H and in D. The dimensionless thermal energy confinement time ?i ?E,th is identical in the L-mode isotope identity pair, indicating lack of isotope mass dependence of the dimensionless ?E,th., and the invariance principle is satisfied in the core confinement region. In the type I ELMy H-mode pair, similarity in H and D is found for both core and pedestal regions for the ELMaveraged profiles, but not for the pre-ELM profiles. ?i ?E,th is not identical in the H-mode pair and yields an isotope mass dependence ?i ?E,th ~ A0.51, consistent with the favourable isotope mass scaling of the dimensional TE,th observed in JET-ILW. Predictive flux driven simulations of core plasma transport with JETTO-TGLF (L-mode pair) and TRANSP-TGLF (H-mode pair) are in agreement with experiment for both isotopes: the stiff core heat transport, typical of JET-ILW NBI L-modes and NBI H-modes at moderate beta values, overcomes the local gyro-Bohm scaling of gradient-driven TGLF, explaining the lack of isotope mass dependence in the core confinement region of the L-mode plasmas and the increase of confinement with isotope mass in the H-mode plasmas, which originates in the pedestal region. The effect of ExB shearing from sheared toroidal rotation on the predicted core heat and particle transport channels is found to be negligible in the low beta and low momentum input L-mode plasmas, while it becomes apparent in the H-mode identity pair at moderate beta.
Published: 2021

15. Tritium distribution analysis of Be limiter tiles from JET-ITER like wall campaigns using imaging plate technique and β-ray induced X-ray spectrometry

Author: Makoto Oyaizu, H. Kurotaki, Yuji Hatano, Haruto Nakamura, Masayuki Tokitani, Suguru Masuzaki, Masanori Hara, Yasuhisa Oya, S. Jachmich, S. E. Lee, Nobuyuki Asakura, K. Helariutta, Marek Rubel, D. Hamaguchi, Anna Widdowson, J. Likonen, Materials Physics, Tracers in Molecular Imaging (TRIM), and Department of Chemistry
Subjects: Materials science, Tokamak, Joint European Torus, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Tritium analysis, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, 114 Physical sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Limiter, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Civil and Structural Engineering, Ion beam analysis, ITER-like wall, Mechanical Engineering, X-ray, Radiography, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Deuterium, Beryllium
Abstract: Tritium (T) distribution on the plasma-facing surfaces (PFSs) and inside castellation of Be limiter tiles from the JET tokamak with the ITER-like wall (ILW) was analyzed using imaging plate (IP) technique and β-ray induced X-ray spectrometry (BIXS). Regarding to PFSs, the outer poloidal limiter (OPL) showed significantly higher T concentrations than the inner wall guard limiter (IWGL) and upper dump plate (DP). The concentration of T on OPL was high at the central part. However, deuterium (D) and metallic impurities showed maximum concentration at the edges. This difference in distributions indicated different deposition and retention mechanisms between T and D. In contrast, deposition profiles of T concentrations on the castellated surfaces extended up to ∼ 5 mm into the gap, i.e. were similar to those of D and metallic impurities found by ion beam analysis.
Published: 2020
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16. Tritium distribution analysis of Be limiter tiles from JET-ITER like wall campaigns using imaging plate technique and β-ray induced X-ray spectrometry

Author: Lee, S. E., Hatano, Y., Hara, M., Masuzaki, S., Tokitani, M., Oyaizu, M., Kurotaki, H., Hamaguchi, D., Nakamura, H., Asakura, N., Oya, Y., Likonen, J., Widdowson, A., Jachmich, S., Helariutta, K., Rubel, Marek, Lee, S. E., Hatano, Y., Hara, M., Masuzaki, S., Tokitani, M., Oyaizu, M., Kurotaki, H., Hamaguchi, D., Nakamura, H., Asakura, N., Oya, Y., Likonen, J., Widdowson, A., Jachmich, S., Helariutta, K., and Rubel, Marek
Abstract: Tritium (T) distribution on the plasma-facing surfaces (PFSs) and inside castellation of Be limiter tiles from the JET tokamak with the ITER-like wall (ILW) was analyzed using imaging plate (IP) technique and β-ray induced X-ray spectrometry (BIXS). Regarding to PFSs, the outer poloidal limiter (OPL) showed significantly higher T concentrations than the inner wall guard limiter (IWGL) and upper dump plate (DP). The concentration of T on OPL was high at the central part. However, deuterium (D) and metallic impurities showed maximum concentration at the edges. This difference in distributions indicated different deposition and retention mechanisms between T and D. In contrast, deposition profiles of T concentrations on the castellated surfaces extended up to ∼ 5 mm into the gap, i.e. were similar to those of D and metallic impurities found by ion beam analysis., QC 20201221
Published: 2020
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17. Determination of retained tritium from ILW dust particles in JET

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Comunidad Europea de la Energía Atómica. EURATOM. U.E., Ashikawa, N., Torikai, Y., Asakura, N., Otsuka, T., Widdowson, A., Rubel, M., Hayashi, T., Jet Contributors, García Muñoz, Manuel, Viezzer, Eleonora, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Comunidad Europea de la Energía Atómica. EURATOM. U.E., Ashikawa, N., Torikai, Y., Asakura, N., Otsuka, T., Widdowson, A., Rubel, M., Hayashi, T., Jet Contributors, García Muñoz, Manuel, and Viezzer, Eleonora
Abstract: Quantitative tritium inventory in dust particles from campaigns in the JET tokamak with the carbon wall (2007–2009) and the ITER-like wall (ILW 2011–2012) were determined by the liquid scintillation counter and the full combustion method. A feature of this full combustion method is that dust particles were covered by a tin (Sn) which reached 2100 K during combustion under oxygen flow. The specific tritium inventory for samples from JET with carbon and with metal walls was measured and found to be similar. However, the total tritium inventory in dust particles from the ILW experiment was significantly smaller in comparison to the carbon wall due to the lower amount of dust particles generated in the presence of metal walls.
Published: 2020

18. An analytical expression for ion velocities at the wall including the sheath electric field and surface biasing for erosion modeling at JET ILW

Author: Dmitriy V. Borodin, Alexander Lukin, Stefan Matejcik, Soare Sorin, Francesco Romanelli, Emilio Blanco, Sebastijan Brezinsek, Bohdan Bieg, Vladislav Plyusnin, José Vicente, Alberto Loarte, Emilia R Solano, Rajnikant Makwana, CHIARA MARCHETTO, Marco Wischmeier, Choong-Seock Chang, Aneta Gójska, C.Christopher Klepper, Volodymyr Bobkov, Manuel Garcia-munoz, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, and JET Contributors
Subjects: Surface (mathematics), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials Science (miscellaneous), chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma-surface interaction, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, Physics::Plasma Physics, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Jet (fluid), Fusion, ITER-like wall, Biasing, Mechanics, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, lcsh:TK9001-9401, Physics::History of Physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, JET, Erosion, Oblique magnetic field, lcsh:Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, ELM, Beryllium, Atomic physics
Abstract: For simulation of plasma-facing component erosion in fusion experiments, an analytical expression for the ion velocity just before the surface impact including the local electric field and an optional surface biasing effect is suggested. Energy and angular impact distributions and the resulting effective sputtering yields were produced for several experimental scenarios at JET ILW mostly involving PFCs exposed to an oblique magnetic field. The analytic solution has been applied as an improvement to earlier ERO modelling of localized, Be outer limiter, RF-enhanced erosion, modulated by toggling of a remote, however magnetically connected ICRH antenna. The effective W sputtering yields due to D and Be ion impact in Type-I and Type-III ELMs and inter-ELM conditions were also estimated using the analytical approach and benchmarked by spectroscopy. The intra-ELM W sputtering flux increases almost 10 times in comparison to the inter-ELM flux. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2017.03.031
Published: 2017

19. Determination of retained tritium from ILW dust particles in JET

Author: Ashikawa, N., Torikai, Y, Asakura, N, Otsuka, T, Widdowson, A, Rubel, M, Oyaizu, M, Hara, M, MASUZAKI, S., Isobe, K, Hatano, Y, Heinola, K, Baron-Wiechec, A, Jachmich, S, Hayashi, T, JET, Contributors, Department of Physics, and Materials Physics
Subjects: Full combustin method, ITER-Like Wall, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Materials science, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Tritium, Combustion, 114 Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Metal, law, 0103 physical sciences, RETENTION, 010306 general physics, Jet (fluid), Full combustion method, Liquid scintillography, Dust, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, JET, visual_art, Scintillation counter, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Tin, Carbon
Abstract: Quantitative tritium inventory in dust particles from campaigns in the JET tokamak with the carbon wall (2007-2009) and the ITER-like wall (ILW 2011-2012) were determined by the liquid scintillation counter and the full combustion method. A feature of this full combustion method is that dust particles were covered by a tin (Sn) which reached 2100 K during combustion under oxygen flow. The specific tritium inventory for samples from JET with carbon and with metal walls was measured and found to be similar. However, the total tritium inventory in dust particles from the ILW experiment was significantly smaller in comparison to the carbon wall due to the lower amount of dust particles generated in the presence of metal walls.
Published: 2020
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20. Comparison of the structure of the plasma-facing surface and tritium accumulation in beryllium tiles from JET ILW campaigns 2011-2012 and 2013-2014

Author: Ahlgren, T., Valentinuzzi, M., Ahn, J. H., Vadgama, A. P., Aggarwal, K. M., Valcarcel, D., Airila, M., Urano, H., Albanese, R., Uytdenhouwen, I., Aho-Mantila, L., Uljanovs, J., Aiba, N., Ulyatt, D., Alessi, E., Uccello, A., Ul-Abidin, Z., Aldred, V., Alegre, D., Kogan, L., Tyrrell, S. G. J., Tigwell, P. A., Tipton, N., Thornton, A., Thrysoe, A. S., Thompson, V. K., Thorne, L., Tripsky, M., Tsalas, M., Towndrow, M., Trimble, P., Tomes, M., Tonner, P., Tokitani, M., Tolias, P., Tiseanu, I., Tojo, H., Tegnered, D., Taylor, D., Taylor, K. A., Tardocchi, M., Taroni, L., Tang, W., Aslanyan, V., A Thompson, C., Austin, Y., Kwiatkowski, R., Thomas, P., Avotina, L., Kwon, O. J., Thompson, A., Asunta, O., Laguardia, L., Thomas, J., Auriemma, F., Lahtinen, A., Thomas, J. D., Bacharis, M., Laing, A., Testa, D., Baciero, A., Lam, N., Tholerus, E., Axton, M. D., Lambertz, H. T., Teplova, N., Ayres, C., Lane, C., Terranova, D., Lang, P. T., Lanthaler, S., Telesca, G., Baiao, D., Ariola, M., Swiderski, L., Arnichand, H., Szabolics, T., Kruezi, U., Summers, H. P., Arena, P., Ksiazek, I., Svensson, J., Ashikawa, N., Kukushkin, A., Studholme, W., Kundu, A., Subba, F., Arshad, S., Kurki-Suonio, T., Ash, A., Kwak, S., Tamain, P., Tame, C., Amicucci, L., Talebzadeh, S., Amosov, V., Koslowski, H. R., Taliercio, C., Ambrosino, G., Koubiti, M., Tala, T., Ambrosino, R., Kovari, M., Talbot, A. R., Anghel, M., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E., Suzuki, T. T., Angioni, C., Krasilnikov, A., Tal, B., Andersson Sunden, E., Krasilnikov, V., Szawlowski, M., Angelone, M., Krawczyk, N., Szepesi, G., Kresina, M., Krieger, K., Appel, L., Krivska, A., Appelbee, C., Aleynikov, P., Alfier, A., Kogut, D., Alper, B., Koivuranta, S., Alves, E., Kominis, Y., Alkseev, A., Koeppen, M., Allinson, M., Kos, B., Koskela, T., Weckmann, A., Reinke, M., Wilson, A. R., Reiser, D., Rendell, D., Williams, J., Reux, C., Williams, M., Wiesen, S., Wilkinson, J., Whitehead, B. D., Widdowson, A. M., Whetham, S., Whitehead, A. M., Wheatley, M. R., Ratynskaia, S., Ravera, G., Rayner, C., Walkden, N., Walker, M., Wakeling, B., Waldon, C. W. F., Vu, T., Pires Sa, W. W., Watts, C., Wauters, T., Waterhouse, J., Watkins, N. W., Warder, S., Warren, R. J., Wang, E., Wang, N., Walker, R., Walsh, M., Reyes Cortes, S. D. A., Reynolds, S., Villari, S., Vicente, J., Viezzer, E., Veshchev, E., Vianello, N., Verona Rinati, G., Ranjan, S., Rapson, C. J., Ragona, R., Rainford, M. S. J., Rakha, A., Vora, N., Ramogida, G., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vondracek, P., Vizvary, Z., Vlad, M., Viola, B., Vitins, A., Vincenzi, P., Vinyar, I., Villone, F., Purahoo, K., Eester, D., Th. Puetterich, Renterghem, W., Rachlew, E., Valovic, M., Rack, M., Mortel, M., Valisa, M., Vallejos Olivares, P., Reinhart, M., Regana, J., Reich, M., Reid, N., Verhoeven, R., Reimold, F., Verona, C., Vega, J., Rasmussen, J. J., Verdoolaege, G., Rathod, K., Vasava, K., Ratta, G., Vasilopoulou, T., Varoutis, S., Vartanian, S., Rooij, G. J., Varje, J., Tvalashvili, G., Pulley, D., Reece, D., Turner, M. M., Reed, A., Turnyanskiy, M., Refy, D., Tskhakaya Jun, D., Regan, B., Turner, I., Tsavalas, P., Rebai, M., Newman, M., Nicholls, K. J., Neu, R., Neverov, V. S., Naulin, V., Nave, M. F. F., Nespoli, F., Neto, A., Nedzelski, I., Nemtsev, G., Deakin, K., Deane, J., Degli Agostini, F., Dejarnac, R., Pablos, J. L., Temmerman, G., Tommasi, G., Vries, P., Masi, G., Murari, A., Muraro, A., Mosher, S., Moulton, D., Murphy, S., Moreno, R., Delabie, E., Morris, J., Moser, L., Moro, F., Morris, A. W., Noble, C., Nicolas, T., Nilsson, E., Nishijima, D., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, P., Page, A., Pajuste, E., Otin, R., Owen, A., Orszagh, J., Oswuigwe, B. I., Pacella, D., Packer, L. W., Paccagnella, R., Pace, N., Nakano, T., Nardon, E., Nabais, F., Naish, R., Asakura, N. N., Na, Y. S., Gorman, T. O., Odupitan, T., Ogawa, M. T., Nodwell, D., Nordlund, K., Nocente, M., Nunes, I., Oberkofler, M., Nordman, H., Nouailletas, R., Eriksson, F., Stubbs, G., Eriksson, J., Strauss, H. R., Strom, P., El-Jorf, R., Pereira, A., Strachan, J., Elsmore, C. G., Pereira, R., Strand, P., Enachescu, M., Stevens, A., Ericsson, G., Stevens, B. D., Edwards, A. M., Pamela, S., Stephen, A. V., Edwards, J., Panja, S., Stephen, M., Th. Eich, Ekedahl, A., Palazzo, S., Parail, V., Papp, P., Paprok, R., Dylst, K., Dzysiuk, N., Edappala, P. V., Edmond, J., Peruzzo, S., Peschanyi, S., Duval, B. P., Pereira Puglia, P. P., Dux, R., Perez Thun, C., Petravich, G., Petre, A., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Fawlk, N., Falie, D., Fanni, A., Park, M., Fasoli, A., Faustin, J. M., Evison, G., Okabayashi, M., Ewart, G. D., Olney, R., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Ongena, J., Orsitto, F., Omolayo, O., Evans, G. E., Mullane, M. O., Pawelec, E., Esser, H. G., Esteve, D., Evans, B., Pasqualotto, R., Eriksson, L. G., Patel, A., Esposito, B., Parra Diaz, F., Esquembri, S., Parsons, M., Patten, H., Pau, A., Pathak, S., Paton, D., Dittmar, T., Doerk, H., Doerner, R. P., Donne, T., Di Troia, C., Powell, T., Dinca, P., Pozzi, J., Inca, R. D., Possnert, G., Ding, B., Potzel, S., Pfefferle, D., Philipps, V., Di Maio, F., Petrzilka, V., Di Siena, A., Peysson, Y., Pillon, M., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Den Harder, N., Pompilian, O. G., Dendy, R. O., Pool, P. J., Denis, J., Denner, P., Prestopino, G., Price, D., Prajapati, V., Prakash, R., Price, M., Price, R., Duran, I., Durodie, F., Dutta, P., Dumont, R., Piovesan, P., Dumortier, P., Pires Dos Reis, A., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Pintsuk, G., Pearson, I. J., Drewelow, P., P Pehkonen, S., Drews, P., Paz Soldan, C., Ph. Duckworth, Peackoc, A., Peluso, E., Penot, C., Drenik, A., Dormido-Canto, S., Doswon, S., Petrella, N., Douai, D., Doyle, P. T., Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Piron, L., Dorling, S. E., Pironti, A., Pomaro, N., Pizzo, F., Plyusnin, V., Sommariva, C., Sonato, P., Sopplesa, A., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Gallagher, J., Fyvie, J., Spineanu, F., Gal, K., Stables, G., Galassi, D., Puglia, P., Stamatelatos, I., Galazka, K., Puiatti, M. E., Frigione, D., Sousa, J., Fuchs, V., Sozzi, C., Fuller, D., Spagnolo, S., Futatani, S., Spelzini, T., Caumont, J., Garcia-Munoz, M., Cave-Ayland, K., Cavinato, M., Causa, F., Cavazzana, R., Cecil, E., Frasca, M., Cenedese, A., Frassinetti, L., Cecconello, M., Freisinger, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Fresa, R., Cesario, R., Franke, T., Franklin, T., Stepanov, I., Gerasimov, S., Gear, D. F., Porosnicu, C., Gee, S. J., Porton, M., Geiger, B., Popovichev, S., Gelfusa, M., Porfiri, M. T., L Gardarein, J., Garzotti, L., Gaudio, P., Gauthier, E., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, C. S., Cannas, B., Proudfoot, R., Capel, A. J., Pucella, G., Campling, D. C., Cane, J., Prior, P., Carman, P., Gao, Y., Carr, M., Garcia, J., Card, P. J., Garcia-Carrasco, A., Cardinali, A., Gallart, D., Carralero, D., Galvao, R., Carraro, L., Gao, X., Chandra, D., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Challis, C. D., Fil, A., Chandler, M., Finburg, P., Fevrier, O., Ficker, O., Field, A., Fietz, S., Ferreira, J., Fessey, J. A., Fernades, A., Fernandes, H., Abduallev, S., Fazendeiro, L., Abhangi, M., Fedorczak, N., Abreu, P., Felton, R. C., Afzal, M., Fenton, K., Carvalho, I., Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Carvalho, P., Fortune, M., Liga Avotina, Foster, S., Litaudon, X., Carvalho, B. B., Catarino, N., Fontdecaba, J. M., Formisano, A., Casson, F. J., Forsythe, L., Castaldo, C., Fortuna, L., Fleming, C., Flinders, K., Fonnesu, N., Flanagan, J., Fischer, U., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flammini, D., Firdaouss, M., Elina Pajuste, Gunta Kizane, Ieva Igaune, Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Girardo, J. B., Giroud, C., Giegerich, T., Gil, C., Gil, L., Gilligan, S., Gherendi, M., Giacalone, J. C., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Ghate, M., Giruzzi, G., Goloborod Ko, V., Gloeggler, S., Godwin, J., Goff, J., Gohil, P., Kinna, D. J., Kizane, G., Kirov, K., Kirschner, A., Kiptily, V., Kirk, A., Klix, A., Knight, P., Klepper, C., Kocsis, G., Kodeli, I., Kobuchi, T., Withenshaw, G., Koechl, F., Withycombe, A., Knipe, S. J., Wilson, J., Knott, S., Wischmeier, M., Wilson, D. J., Wilson, H. R., Kempenaars, M., Kennedy, C., Keenan, T., Keep, J., Kazantzidis, V., Keeling, D. L., Kenny, D., Kent, J., King, D., King, R. F., Kinch, A., West, A. T., King, C., Kim, H. T., Weiszflog, M., Kim, H. S., Wellstood, C., Kent, O. N., Weiland, J., Khilkevich, E., Weisen, H., Lesnoj, S., Letellier, E., Leyland, M., Leysen, W., Kazakov, Y., Li, L., Liang, Y., Kallenbach, A., Likonen, J., Linke, J., Jones, T. T. C., Ch. Linsmeier, Hoshino, K. 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W., Jenkins, I., Lawson, A., Coffey, I., Jeong, C., Jaulmes, F., Jednorog, S., Coccorese, V., Jardin, A., Cocilovo, V., Jarvinen, A., Innocente, P., Imrisek, M., Incelli, M., Luce, T., Stamp, M. F., Lucock, R. M. A., Staniec, P., Lukin, A., Luna, C., Lungaroni, M., Lungu, C. P., Imazawa, N., Imbeaux, F., Hynes, A. M., Iglesias, D., Hunter, C. L., Stankunas, G., Huynh, P., Stan-Sion, C., Stead, M. J., Huijsmans, G. T. A., Stefanikova, E., Lomanowski, B., Lomas, P. J., Lonnroth, J., Lopez, J. M., Lopez-Razola, J., Lorenzini, R., Losada, U., Lovell, J. J., Loving, A. B., Lowry, C., Liu, G., Liu, Y., Lo Schiavo, V. P., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lobel, R. C., Bohdan Bieg, Crowe, R., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Croft, D., Crombe, K., Castro, A., La Cal, E., La Luna, E., Day, C., Day, I. E., Bock, M., Moreira, L., Moradi, S., Mordijck, S., Coates, P. A., Cobalt, A., Clatworthy, D., Clements, C., Cleverly, M., Coad, J. P., Craven, R., Crisanti, F., Croci, G., Couchman, A. S., Cox, M. P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Corrigan, G., Cortes, S., Coster, D., Corre, Y., Coombs, D., Cooper, D., Cooper, S. R., Corradino, C., Conway, N., Davies, O., Davis, W., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., Darrow, D., Cullen, A., Curuia, M., Czarnecka, A., Dabirikhah, H., Hornung, G., Somers, A., Horton, A. R., Homfray, D. A., Horacek, J., Hollingsworth, A., Smithies, M., Hollis, S., Snoj, L., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Hotchin, S. P., Hough, M. R., Horton, L. D., Horvath, L., Helou, W., Hemming, O. N., Hellsten, T., Smith, T. J., Henderson, S. S., Hender, T. C., Henderson, M., Hertout, P., Hidalgo, C., Hepple, D., Hermon, G., Henriques, R., Hillis, D., Hillairet, J., Hillesheim, J., Highcock, E. G., Hill, M., Harrison, J., Harting, D., Hatch, D. R., Haupt, T. D. V., Hasenbeck, F., Hatano, Y., Hawkins, J., Sharapov, S. E., Hawkins, P., Shaw, A., Hawes, J., Shaw, R., Hawkes, N. 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C., Meakins, A., Medina, F., Middleton-Gear, D., Miettunen, J., Militello, F., Militello-Asp, E., Miloshevsky, G., Mink, F., Minucci, S., Miyoshi, Y., Mlynar, J., Molina, D., Maslov, M., Matejcik, S., Mattei, M., Matthews, G. F., Maviglia, F., Mayer, M., Medland, M., Medley, S., Meigh, S., Meigs, A. G., Meisl, G., Meitner, S., Meneses, L., Menmuir, S., Mergia, K., Merrigan, I. R., Monakhov, I., Moneti, M., Mooney, R., Zoletnik, S., Ph. Mertens, Zilli, E., Meshchaninov, S., Zoita, V., Messiaen, A., Zhang, W., Meyer, H., Zhou, Y., Mianowski, S., Michling, R., Zerbini, M., Jet, Contributors, Zychor, I., Magesh, B., Maget, P., Maggi, C., Manas, P., Manning, A., Manso, M. E., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Manzanares, A., Ph. Maquet, Marandet, Y., Lungu, M., Lunniss, A., Lupelli, I., Lyssoivan, A., Macdonald, N., Macheta, P., Maczewa, K., Masiello, A., Marchuk, O., Marinelli, M., Marinucci, M., Markovic, T., Marocco, D., Marot, L., Huber, V., Huddleston, T. M., Hubbard, A., Huber, A., Howarth, P. J., Mayoral, M. L., May-Smith, T., Mazon, D., Mazzotta, C., Mcadams, R., Mccarthy, P. J., Mcclements, K. G., Mccormack, O., Hughes, M., Mccullen, P. A., Mcdonald, D., Marcenko, N., Marchetto, C., Maier, H., Mailloux, J., Makkonen, T., Makwana, R., Malaquias, A., Malizia, A., Hobirk, J., Hodille, E., Hizanidis, K., Hjalmarsson, A., Marren, C. A., Marshal, R., Martin, A., Martin, Y., Martin Aguilera, A., Martinez, F. J., Martin-Solis, J. R., Hogben, C. H. A., Martynova, Y., Hogeweij, G. M. D., Maruyama, S., Broeckx, W., Brombin, M., Bright, M. D. J., Brix, M., Brown, M., Broslawski, A., Brown, D. P. D., Bradshaw, J. M. A., Breizman, B., Gosk, M., Bremond, S., Goulding, R., Braic, V., Goussarov, A., Bravanec, R., Gowland, R., Goniche, M., Goodliffe, M., Brennan, P. D., Goodyear, A., Gorini, G., Gomes, R., Goncalves, B., Bulmer, N., Bunting, P., Bufferand, H., Bulman, M., Bowden, M., Bower, C., Boulting, P., Bourdelle, C., Boyd, C., Boyer, H. J., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Booth, J., Borba, D., Bonelli, F., Boom, J., Grisolia, C., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Greuner, H., Grierson, B., Griph, F. S., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Breton, S., Cahyna, P., Calabro, G., Byrne, J., Camp, P., Calvo, I., Camenen, Y., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Buratti, P., Burckhart, A., Butler, N. K., Bykov, I., Bruno, E., Bucalossi, J., Buckley, M. A., Budny, R., Buch, J., Buchanan, J., Bazylev, B., Beal, J., Baylor, L., Beckett, B., Yavorskij, V., Becoulet, A., Yoo, M. G., Beaumont, P. S., Yanling, W., Beckers, M., Yao, L., Bell, K., Xu, T., Yadikin, D., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bassan, M., Zarins, A., Zastrow, K. D., Batistoni, P., Zaitsev, F. S., Baughan, R., Zanino, R., Bastow, R., Zacks, J., Batista, A., Zagorski, R., Young, I. D., Young, R., Bauvir, B., Young, C., Young, D., Banks, J. W., Baranov, Y. F., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Barnard, M. A., Barnes, D., Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Baron Wiechec, A., Barrera Orte, L., Wynn, A., Wu, J., Wukitch, S., Balboa, I., Wright, J., Balden, M., Wright, J. C., Bailey, S., Woodley, C., Baker, A., Wray, S., Wood, D., Wood, R., Balshaw, N., Bament, R., Witts, D. M., Bobkov, V., Green, N. R., Boboc, A., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bolshakova, I., Graham, M. E., Bolzonella, T., Graves, J. P., Bodnar, G., Grazier, N., Bogar, O., Grazier, P., Bonanomi, N., Graham, B., Bisoffi, A., Bizarro, J. P. S., Binda, F., Blackman, K., Bjorkas, C., Blackburn, J., Botrugno, A., Bottereau, C., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Besliu, C., Beurskens, M., Bigi, M., Bilkova, P., Belli, F., Bellinger, M., Benterman, N. A., Bergsaker, H., Belonohy, E., Ben Ayed, N., Blackman, T. R., Department of Physics, Materials Physics, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, and Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada
Subjects: Fuel retention, Physics::Medical Physics, 01 natural sciences, Quantitative Biology::Cell Behavior, 010305 fluids & plasmas, iter-like wall, joint european torus, RETENTION, 010302 applied physics, Jet (fluid), tritium, Physics, Mechanics, Surface (topology), Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, lcsh:TK9001-9401, surgical procedures, operative, cardiovascular system, Joint European Torus, Tritium, Beryllium, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, retention, Technology and Engineering, animal structures, Materials science, Quantitative Biology::Tissues and Organs, Materials Science (miscellaneous), chemistry.chemical_element, 114 Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, ITER-LIKE-WALL, ITER-like wall, technology, industry, and agriculture, Plasma, iter-like-wall, beryllium, TRANSPORT, fuel retention, body regions, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, transport, lcsh:Nuclear engineering. Atomic power
Abstract: In this study, beryllium tiles from Joint European Torus (JET) vacuum vessel wall were analysed and compared regarding their position in the vacuum vessel and differences in the exploitation conditions during two campaigns of ITER-Like-Wall (ILW) in 2011-2012 (ILW1) and 2013-2014 (ILW2) Tritium content in beryllium samples were assessed. Two methods were used to measure tritium content in the samples - dissolution under controlled conditions and tritium thermal desorption. Prior to desorption and dissolution experiments, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy were used to study structure and chemical composition of plasma-facing-surfaces of the beryllium samples. Experimental results revealed that tritium content in the samples is in range of 2.10(11)-2.10(13) tritium atoms per square centimetre of the surface area with its highest content in the samples from the outer wall of the vacuum vessel (up to 1.9.10(13) atoms/cm(2) in ILW1 campaign and 2.4.10(13) atoms/cm(2) in ILW2). The lowest content of tritium was found in the upper part of the vacuum vessel (2.0.10(12) atoms/cm(2) and 2.0.10(11) atoms/cm(2) in ILW1 and ILW2, respectively). Results obtained from scanning electron microscopy has shown that surface morphology is different within single tile, however if to compare two campaigns main tendencies remains similar. For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2019.02.011
Published: 2019
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21. First mirror test in JET for ITER: Complete overview after three ILW campaigns

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Sunwoo Moon, Petersson, P., Fortuna, E., Widdowson, A., Jachmich, S., Jet Contributors, Galdón Quiroga, Joaquín, García Muñoz, Manuel, Viezzer, Eleonora, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Sunwoo Moon, Petersson, P., Fortuna, E., Widdowson, A., Jachmich, S., Jet Contributors, Galdón Quiroga, Joaquín, García Muñoz, Manuel, and Viezzer, Eleonora
Abstract: The First Mirror Test for ITER has been carried out in JET with mirrors exposed during (1) the third IIW campaign (11.W-3, 2015-2016, 23.33 h plasma) and (ii) all three campaigns, Le LW1 to ILW-3: 20112016 63,52 h in total. All mirrors from main chamber wall show no significant changes of the total reflectivity from the initial value and the diffuse reflectivity does not exceed 3% in the spectral range above 500 nm. The modified Layer on surface has very small amount of impurities such as D, B, C N O and Ni. All mirrors from the divertor (inner, outer, base under the bulk ile) lost reflectivity by 20-80% due to the beryllium-rich deposition also containing D, CN, O, Ni and W. In the inner divertor N reaches 5 x 107 cm2 W is up to 4.3 x 10 cm while the content of Ni is the greatest in the outer divertor 3.8 x 10 cm Oxygen-18 used as the tracer in experiments at the end of ILW-3 has been detected at the level of 1.1 x 10 cm . The thickness of deposited Layer is in the range or 90 nm to 900 nm. The layer growth rate in the base (2.7 pms !) and inner divertor is proportional to the exposure time when a single campaign and all three are compared. In a few cases, on mirrots located at the cassette mouth, flaking of deposits and crosion occurred.
Published: 2019

22. Comparison of the structure of the plasma-facing surface and tritium accumulation in beryllium tiles from JET ILW campaigns 2011-2012 and 2013-2014

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Pajuste, E., Kizane, G., Igaune, I., Avotina, L., Jet Contributors, Galdón Quiroga, Joaquín, García Muñoz, Manuel, Viezzer, Eleonora, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Pajuste, E., Kizane, G., Igaune, I., Avotina, L., Jet Contributors, Galdón Quiroga, Joaquín, García Muñoz, Manuel, and Viezzer, Eleonora
Abstract: In this study, beryllium tiles from Joint European Torus (JET) vacuum vessel wall were analysed and compared regarding their position in the vacuum vessel and differences in the exploitation conditions during two cam paigns of ITER-Like-Wall (LW) in 2011201211 WI) and 20132014 ILW 2) Tritium content in beryllium samples were assessed. Two methods were used to measure tritium content in the samples - dissolution under controlled conditions and tritium thermal desorption. Prior to desorption and dissolution experiments, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy were used to study structure and chemical composition of plasma.facing surface of the beryllium samples. Experimental results revealed that tritium content in the samples is in range of 2101 210 tritium atoms per square centimetre of the surface area with its highest content in the samples from the outer wall of the vacuum vessel (up to 1.910 atoms/cm in II.W1 campaign and 2410" atoms/cm in 11W2). The lowest content of tritium was found in the upper part of the vacuum vessel 2010 atoms/cm² and 2.010 atoms/cm in ILWI and IIW2, respectively). Results obtained from scanning electron microscopy has shown that surface morphology is different within single tile, however if to compare two campaigns main tendencies remains similar
Published: 2019

23. Comparison of the structure of the plasma-facing surface and tritium accumulation in beryllium tiles from JET ILW campaigns 2011-2012 and 2013-2014

Author: Pajuste, Elina, Andersson Sundén, Erik, Binda, F., Cecconello, Marco, Conroy, Sean, Dzysiuk, N., Ericsson, Göran, Eriksson, Jacob, Hellesen, C., Hjalmarsson, Anders, Possnert, Göran, Sjöstrand, Henrik, Skiba, M., Weiszflog, Matthias, Zychor, I., Pajuste, Elina, Andersson Sundén, Erik, Binda, F., Cecconello, Marco, Conroy, Sean, Dzysiuk, N., Ericsson, Göran, Eriksson, Jacob, Hellesen, C., Hjalmarsson, Anders, Possnert, Göran, Sjöstrand, Henrik, Skiba, M., Weiszflog, Matthias, and Zychor, I.
Abstract: In this study, beryllium tiles from Joint European Torus (JET) vacuum vessel wall were analysed and compared regarding their position in the vacuum vessel and differences in the exploitation conditions during two campaigns of ITER-Like-Wall (ILW) in 2011-2012 (ILW1) and 2013-2014 (ILW2) Tritium content in beryllium samples were assessed. Two methods were used to measure tritium content in the samples - dissolution under controlled conditions and tritium thermal desorption. Prior to desorption and dissolution experiments, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy were used to study structure and chemical composition of plasma-facing-surfaces of the beryllium samples. Experimental results revealed that tritium content in the samples is in range of 2.10(11)-2.10(13) tritium atoms per square centimetre of the surface area with its highest content in the samples from the outer wall of the vacuum vessel (up to 1.9.10(13) atoms/cm(2) in ILW1 campaign and 2.4.10(13) atoms/cm(2) in ILW2). The lowest content of tritium was found in the upper part of the vacuum vessel (2.0.10(12) atoms/cm(2) and 2.0.10(11) atoms/cm(2) in ILW1 and ILW2, respectively). Results obtained from scanning electron microscopy has shown that surface morphology is different within single tile, however if to compare two campaigns main tendencies remains similar., For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2019.02.011
Published: 2019
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24. Beryllium melting and erosion on the upper dump plates in JET during three ITER-like wall campaigns

Author: Jepu, I, Andersson Sundén, Erik, Binda, Federico, Cecconello, Marco, Conroy, Sean, Dzysiuk, Nataliia, Ericsson, Göran, Eriksson, Jacob, Hellesen, Carl, Hjalmarsson, Anders, Possnert, Göran, Sjöstrand, Henrik, Skiba, Mateusz, Weiszflog, Matthias, Zychor, I., Jepu, I, Andersson Sundén, Erik, Binda, Federico, Cecconello, Marco, Conroy, Sean, Dzysiuk, Nataliia, Ericsson, Göran, Eriksson, Jacob, Hellesen, Carl, Hjalmarsson, Anders, Possnert, Göran, Sjöstrand, Henrik, Skiba, Mateusz, Weiszflog, Matthias, and Zychor, I.
Abstract: Data on erosion and melting of beryllium upper limiter tiles, so-called dump plates (DP), are presented for all three campaigns in the JET tokamak with the ITER-like wall. High-resolution images of the upper wall of JET show clear signs of flash melting on the ridge of the roofshaped tiles. The melt layers move in the poloidal direction from the inboard to the outboard tile, ending on the last DP tile with an upward going waterfall-like melt structure. Melting was caused mainly by unmitigated plasma disruptions. During three ILW campaigns, around 15% of all 12376 plasma pulses were catalogued as disruptions. Thermocouple data from the upper dump plates tiles showed a reduction in energy delivered by disruptions with fewer extreme events in the third campaign, ILW-3, in comparison to ILW-1 and ILW-2. The total Be erosion assessed via precision weighing of tiles retrieved from JET during shutdowns indicated the increasing mass loss across campaigns of up to 0.6 g from a single tile. The mass of splashed melted Be on the upper walls was also estimated using the high-resolution images of wall components taken after each campaign. The results agree with the total material loss estimated by tile weighing (similar to 130 g). Morphological and structural analysis performed on Be melt layers revealed a multilayer structure of re-solidified material composed mainly of Be and BeO with some heavy metal impurities Ni, Fe, W. IBA analysis performed across the affected tile ridge in both poloidal and toroidal direction revealed a low D concentration, in the range 1-4 x 1017 D atoms cm-2., For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab2076
Published: 2019
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25. First mirror test in JET for ITER : Complete overview after three ILW campaigns

Author: Moon, Sunwoo, Andersson Sundén, Erik, Binda, Federico, Cecconello, Marco, Conroy, Sean, Dzysiuk, Nataliia, Ericsson, Göran, Eriksson, Jacob, Hellesen, Carl, Hjalmarsson, Anders, Possnert, Göran, Sjöstrand, Henrik, Skiba, Mateusz, Weiszflog, Matthias, Zychor, I., Moon, Sunwoo, Andersson Sundén, Erik, Binda, Federico, Cecconello, Marco, Conroy, Sean, Dzysiuk, Nataliia, Ericsson, Göran, Eriksson, Jacob, Hellesen, Carl, Hjalmarsson, Anders, Possnert, Göran, Sjöstrand, Henrik, Skiba, Mateusz, Weiszflog, Matthias, and Zychor, I.
Abstract: The First Mirror Test for ITER has been carried out in JET with mirrors exposed during: (i) the third ILW campaign (ILW-3, 2015-2016, 23.33 h plasma) and (ii) all three campaigns, i.e. ILW-1 to ILW-3: 2011-2016, 63,52 h in total. All mirrors from main chamber wall show no significant changes of the total reflectivity from the initial value and the diffuse reflectivity does not exceed 3% in the spectral range above 500 nm. The modified layer on surface has very small amount of impurities such as D, Be, C, N, O and Ni. All mirrors from the divertor (inner, outer, base under the bulk W tile) lost reflectivity by 20-80% due to the beryllium-rich deposition also containing D, C, N, O, Ni and W. In the inner divertor N reaches 5 x 10(17) cm(-2), W is up to 4.3 x 10(17) cm(-2), while the content of Ni is the greatest in the outer divertor: 3.8 x 10(17) cm(-2). Oxygen-18 used as the tracer in experiments at the end of ILW-3 has been detected at the level of 1.1 x 10(16) cm(-2). The thickness of deposited layer is in the range of 90 nm to 900 nm. The layer growth rate in the base (2.7 pm s(-1)) and inner divertor is proportional to the exposure time when a single campaign and all three are compared. In a few cases, on mirrors located at the cassette mouth, flaking of deposits and erosion occurred., For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2019.02.009
Published: 2019
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26. Analysis of the outer divertor hot spot activity in the protection video camera recordings at JET

Author: Drenik, A, Brezinsek, S, Carvalho, P, Huber, V, Osterman, N, Matthews, G, Nemec, M, Litaudon, X, Abduallev, S, Abhangi, M, Abreu, P, Afzal, M, Aggarwal, K, Ahlgren, T, Ahn, J, Aho-Mantila, L, Aiba, N, Airila, M, Albanese, R, Aldred, V, Alegre, D, Alessi, E, Aleynikov, P, Alfier, A, Alkseev, A, Allinson, M, Alper, B, Alves, E, Ambrosino, G, Ambrosino, R, Amicucci, L, Amosov, V, Andersson Sunden, E, Angelone, M, Anghel, M, Angioni, C, Appel, L, Appelbee, C, Arena, P, Ariola, M, Arnichand, H, Arshad, S, Ash, A, Ashikawa, N, Aslanyan, V, Asunta, O, Auriemma, F, Austin, Y, Avotina, L, Axton, M, Ayres, C, Bacharis, M, Baciero, A, Baiao, D, Bailey, S, Baker, A, Balboa, I, Balden, M, Balshaw, N, Bament, R, Banks, J, Baranov, Y, Barnard, M, Barnes, D, Barnes, M, Barnsley, R, Baron Wiechec, A, Barrera Orte, L, Baruzzo, M, Basiuk, V, Bassan, M, Bastow, R, Batista, A, Batistoni, P, Baughan, R, Bauvir, B, Baylor, L, Bazylev, B, Beal, J, Beaumont, P, Beckers, M, Beckett, B, Becoulet, A, Bekris, N, Beldishevski, M, Bell, K, Belli, F, Bellinger, M, Belonohy, E, Ben Ayed, N, Benterman, N, Bergsaker, H, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Berry, M, Bertalot, L, Besliu, C, Beurskens, M, Bieg, B, Bielecki, J, Biewer, T, Bigi, M, Bilkova, P, Binda, F, Bisoffi, A, Bizarro, J, Bjorkas, C, Blackburn, J, Blackman, K, Blackman, T, Blanchard, P, Blatchford, P, Bobkov, V, Boboc, A, Bodnar, G, Bogar, O, Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T, Bonanomi, N, Bonelli, F, Boom, J, Booth, J, Borba, D, Borodin, D, Borodkina, I, Botrugno, A, Bottereau, C, Boulting, P, Bourdelle, C, Bowden, M, Bower, C, Bowman, C, Boyce, T, Boyd, C, Boyer, H, Bradshaw, J, Braic, V, Bravanec, R, Breizman, B, Bremond, S, Brennan, P, Breton, S, Brett, A, Bright, M, Brix, M, Broeckx, W, Brombin, M, Broslawski, A, Brown, D, Brown, M, Bruno, E, Bucalossi, J, Buch, J, Buchanan, J, Buckley, A, Budny, R, Bufferand, H, Bulman, M, Bulmer, N, Bunting, P, Buratti, P, Burckhart, A, Buscarino, A, Busse, A, Butler, N, Bykov, I, Byrne, J, Cahyna, P, Calabro, G, Calvo, I, Camenen, Y, Camp, P, Campling, D, Cane, J, Cannas, B, Capel, A, Card, P, Cardinali, A, Carman, P, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Carraro, L, Carvalho, B, Carvalho, I, Casson, F, Castaldo, C, Catarino, N, Caumont, J, Causa, F, Cavazzana, R, Cave-Ayland, K, Cavinato, M, Cecconello, M, Ceccuzzi, S, Cecil, E, Cenedese, A, Cesario, R, Challis, C, Chandler, M, Chandra, D, Chang, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, I, Chapman, S, Chernyshova, M, Chitarin, G, Ciraolo, G, Ciric, D, Citrin, J, Clairet, F, Clark, E, Clark, M, Clarkson, R, Clatworthy, D, Clements, C, Cleverly, M, Coad, J, Coates, P, Cobalt, A, Coccorese, V, Cocilovo, V, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Coffey, I, Colas, L, Collins, S, Conka, D, Conroy, S, Conway, N, Coombs, D, Cooper, D, Cooper, S, Corradino, C, Corre, Y, Corrigan, G, Cortes, S, Coster, D, Couchman, A, Cox, M, Craciunescu, T, Cramp, S, Craven, R, Crisanti, F, Croci, G, Croft, D, Crombe, K, Crowe, R, Cruz, N, Cseh, G, Cufar, A, Cullen, A, Curuia, M, Czarnecka, A, Dabirikhah, H, Dalgliesh, P, Dalley, S, Dankowski, J, Darrow, D, Davies, O, Davis, W, Day, C, Day, I, De Bock, M, de Castro, A, de la Cal, E, de la Luna, E, De Masi, G, de Pablos, J, De Temmerman, G, De Tommasi, G, de Vries, P, Deakin, K, Deane, J, Degli Agostini, F, Dejarnac, R, Delabie, E, den Harder, N, Dendy, R, Denis, J, Denner, P, Devaux, S, Devynck, P, Di Maio, F, Di Siena, A, Di Troia, C, Dinca, P, D'Inca, R, Ding, B, Dittmar, T, Doerk, H, Doerner, R, Donne, T, Dorling, S, Dormido-Canto, S, Doswon, S, Douai, D, Doyle, P, Drewelow, P, Drews, P, Duckworth, P, Dumont, R, Dumortier, P, Dunai, D, Dunne, M, Duran, I, Durodie, F, Dutta, P, Duval, B, Dux, R, Dylst, K, Dzysiuk, N, Edappala, P, Edmond, J, Edwards, A, Edwards, J, Eich, T, Ekedahl, A, El-Jorf, R, Elsmore, C, Enachescu, M, Ericsson, G, Eriksson, F, Eriksson, J, Eriksson, L, Esposito, B, Esquembri, S, Esser, H, Esteve, D, Evans, B, Evans, G, Evison, G, Ewart, G, Fagan, D, Faitsch, M, Falie, D, Fanni, A, Fasoli, 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R., Koubiti M., Kovari M., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk E., Krasilnikov A., Krasilnikov V., Krawczyk N., Kresina M., Krieger K., Krivska A., Kruezi U., Ksiazek I., Kukushkin A., Kundu A., Kurki-Suonio T., Kwak S., Kwiatkowski R., Kwon O. J., Laguardia L., Lahtinen A., Laing A., Lam N., Lambertz H. T., Lane C., Lang P. T., Lanthaler S., Lapins J., Lasa A., Last J. R., Laszynska E., Lawless R., Lawson A., Lawson K. D., Lazaros A., Lazzaro E., Leddy J., Lee S., Lefebvre X., Leggate H. J., Lehmann J., Lehnen M., Leichtle D., Leichuer P., Leipold F., Lengar I., Lennholm M., Lerche E., Lescinskis A., lesnoj S., Letellier E., Leyland M., Leysen W., Li L., Liang Y., Likonen J., Linke J., Linsmeier C., Lipschultz B., Liu G., Liu Y., Lo Schiavo V. P., Loarer T., Loarte A., Lobel R. C., Lomanowski B., Lomas P. J., Lonnroth J., Lopez J. M., Lopez-Razola J., Lorenzini R., Losada U., Lovell J. J., Loving A. B., Lowry C., Luce T., Lucock R. M. A., Lukin A., Luna C., Lungaroni M., Lungu C. 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R., Mertens P., Meshchaninov S., Messiaen A., Meyer H., Mianowski S., Michling R., Middleton-Gear D., Miettunen J., Militello F., Militello-Asp E., Miloshevsky G., Mink F., Minucci S., Miyoshi Y., Mlynar J., Molina D., Monakhov I., Moneti M., Mooney R., Moradi S., Mordijck S., Moreira L., Moreno R., Moro F., Morris A. W., Morris J., Moser L., Mosher S., Moulton D., Murari A., Muraro A., Murphy S., Asakura N. N., Na Y. S., Nabais F., Naish R., Nakano T., Nardon E., Naulin V., Nave M. F. F., Nedzelski I., Nemtsev G., Nespoli F., Neto A., Neu R., Neverov V. S., Newman M., Nicholls K. J., Nicolas T., Nielsen A. H., Nielsen P., Nilsson E., Nishijima D., Noble C., Nocente M., Nodwell D., Nordlund K., Nordman H., Nouailletas R., Nunes I., Oberkofler M., Odupitan T., Ogawa M. T., O'Gorman T., Okabayashi M., Olney R., Omolayo O., O'Mullane M., Ongena J., Orsitto F., Orszagh J., Oswuigwe B. I., Otin R., Owen A., Paccagnella R., Pace N., Pacella D., Packer L. W., Page A., Pajuste E., Palazzo S., Pamela S., Panja S., Papp P., Paprok R., Parail V., Park M., Parra Diaz F., Parsons M., Pasqualotto R., Patel A., Pathak S., Paton D., Patten H., Pau A., Pawelec E., Paz Soldan C., Peackoc A., Pearson I. J., Pehkonen S. P., Peluso E., Penot C., Pereira A., Pereira R., Pereira Puglia P. P., Perez von Thun C., Peruzzo S., Peschanyi S., Peterka M., Petersson P., Petravich G., Petre A., Petrella N., Petrzilka V., Peysson Y., Pfefferle D., Philipps V., Pillon M., Pintsuk G., Piovesan P., Pires dos Reis A., Piron L., Pironti A., Pisano F., Pitts R., Pizzo F., Plyusnin V., Pomaro N., Pompilian O. G., Pool P. J., Popovichev S., Porfiri M. T., Porosnicu C., Porton M., Possnert G., Potzel S., Powell T., Pozzi J., Prajapati V., Prakash R., Prestopino G., Price D., Price M., Price R., Prior P., Proudfoot R., Pucella G., Puglia P., Puiatti M. E., Pulley D., Purahoo K., Puetterich T., Rachlew E., Rack M., Ragona R., Rainford M. S. J., Rakha A., Ramogida G., Ranjan S., Rapson C. J., Rasmussen J. J., Rathod K., Ratta G., Ratynskaia S., Ravera G., Rayner C., Rebai M., Reece D., Reed A., Refy D., Regan B., Regana J., Reich M., Reid N., Reimold F., Reinhart M., Reinke M., Reiser D., Rendell D., Reux C., Reyes Cortes S. D. A., Reynolds S., Riccardo V., Richardson N., Riddle K., Rigamonti D., Rimini F. G., Risner J., Riva M., Roach C., Robins R. J., Robinson S. A., Robinson T., Robson D. W., Roccella R., Rodionov R., Rodrigues P., Rodriguez J., Rohde V., Romanelli F., Romanelli M., Romanelli S., Romazanov J., Rowe S., Rubel M., Rubinacci G., Rubino G., Ruchko L., Ruiz M., Ruset C., Rzadkiewicz J., Saarelma S., Sabot R., Safi E., Sagar P., Saibene G., Saint-Laurent F., Salewski M., Salmi A., Salmon R., Salzedas F., Samaddar D., Samm U., Sandiford D., Santa P., Santala M. I. K., Santos B., Santucci A., Sartori F., Sartori R., Sauter O., Scannell R., Schlummer T., Schmid K., Schmidt V., Schmuck S., Schneider M., Schoepf K., Schworer D., Scott S. D., Sergienko G., Sertoli M., Shabbir A., Sharapov S. E., Shaw A., Shaw R., Sheikh H., Shepherd A., Shevelev A., Shumack A., Sias G., Sibbald M., Sieglin B., Silburn S., Silva A., Silva C., Simmons P. A., Simpson J., Simpson-Hutchinson J., Sinha A., Sipila S. K., Sips A. C. C., Siren P., Sirinelli A., Sjostrand H., Skiba M., Skilton R., Slabkowska K., Slade B., Smith N., Smith P. G., Smith R., Smith T. J., Smithies M., Snoj L., Soare S., Solano E. R., Somers A., Sommariva C., Sonato P., Sopplesa A., Sousa J., Sozzi C., Spagnolo S., Spelzini T., Spineanu F., Stables G., Stamatelatos I., Stamp M. F., Staniec P., Stankunas G., Stan-Sion C., Stead M. J., Stefanikova E., Stepanov I., Stephen A. V., Stephen M., Stevens A., Steven B. D., Strachan J., Strand P., Strauss H. R., Strom P., Stubbs G., Studholme W., Subba F., Summers H. P., Svensson J., Swiderski L., Szabolics T., Szawlowski M., Szepesi G., Suzuki T. T., Tal B., Tala T., Talbot A. R., Talebzadeh S., Taliercio C., Tamain P., Tame C., Tang W., Tardocchi M., Taroni L., Taylor D., Taylor K. A., Tegnered D., Telesca G., Teplova N., Terranova D., Testa D., Tholerus E., Thomas J., Thomas J. D., Thomas P., Thompson A., Thompson C. A., Thompson V. K., Thorne L., Thornton A., Thrysoe A. S., Tigwell P. A., Tipton N., Tiseanu I., Tojo H., Tokitani M., Tolias P., Tomes M., Tonner P., Towndrow M., Trimble P., Tripsky M., Tsalas M., Tsavalas P., Tskhakaya Jun D., Turner I., Turner M. M., Turnyanskiy M., Tvalashvili G., Tyrrell S. G. J., Uccello A., Ul-Abidin Z., Uljanovs J., Ulyatt D., Urano H., Uytdenhouwen I., Vadgama A. P., Valcarcel D., Valentinuzzi M., Valisa M., Vallejos Olivares P., Valovic M., Van De Mortel M., Van Eester D., Van Renterghem W., van Rooij G. J., Varje J., Varoutis S., Vartanian S., Vasava K., Vasilopoulou T., Vega J., Verdoolaege G., Verhoeven R., Verona C., Verona Rinati G., Veshchev E., Vianello N., Vicente J., Viezzer E., Villari S., Villone F., Vincenzi P., Vinyar I., Viola B., Vitins A., Vizvary Z., Vlad M., Voitsekhovitch I., Vondracek P., Vora N., Vu T., Pires de Sa W. W., Wakeling B., Waldon C. W. F., Walkden N., Walker M., Walker R., Walsh M., Wang E., Wang N., Warder S., Warren R. J., Waterhouse J., Watkins N. W., Watts C., Wauters T., Weckmann A., Weiland J., Weisen H., Weiszflog M., Wellstood C., West A. T., Wheatley M. R., Whetham S., Whitehead A. M., Whitehead B. D., Widdowson A. M., Wiesen S., Wilkinson J., Williams J., Williams M., Wilson A. R., Wilson D. J., Wilson H. R., Wilson J., Wischmeier M., Withenshaw G., Withycombe A., Witts D. M., Wood D., Wood R., Woodley C., Wray S., Wright J., Wright J. C., Wu J., Wukitch S., Wynn A., Xu T., Yadikin D., Yanling W., Yao L., Yavorskij V., Yoo M. G., Young C., Young D., Young I. D., Young R., Zacks J., Zagorski R., Zaitsev F. S., Zanino R., Zarins A., Zastrow K. D., Zerbini M., Zhang W., Zhou Y., Zilli E., Zoita V., Zoletnik S., and Zychor I.
Abstract: Hot spots on the divertor tiles at JET result in overestimation of the tile surface temperature which causes unnecessary termination of pulses. However, the appearance of hot spots can also indicate the condition of the divertor tile surfaces. To analyse the behaviour of the hot spots in the outer divertor tiles of JET, a simple image processing algorithm is developed. The algorithm isolates areas of bright pixels in the camera image and compares them to previously identified hot spots. The activity of the hot spots is then linked to values of other signals and parameters in the same time intervals. The operation of the detection algorithm was studied in a limited pulse range with high hot spot activity on the divertor tiles 5, 6 and 7. This allowed us to optimise the values of the controlling parameters. Then, the wider applicability of the method has been demonstrated by the analysis of the hot spot behaviour in a whole experimental campaign.
Published: 2019

27. Comparison of H-mode plasmas in JET-ILW and JET-C with and without nitrogen seeding

Subjects: ta114, ITER-like wall, JET, power exhaust, divertor, impurity seeding
Published: 2016

28. An improved model for the accurate calculation of parallel heat fluxes at the JET bulk tungsten outer divertor

Author: Iglesias, D., Andersson Sundén, Erik, Binda, Federico, Cecconello, Marco, Conroy, Sean, Dzysiuk, Nataliia, Ericsson, Göran, Eriksson, Jacob, Hellesen, Carl, Hjalmarsson, Anders, Possnert, Göran, Sjöstrand, Henrik, Skiba, Mateusz, Weiszflog, Matthias, Zychor, I., Iglesias, D., Andersson Sundén, Erik, Binda, Federico, Cecconello, Marco, Conroy, Sean, Dzysiuk, Nataliia, Ericsson, Göran, Eriksson, Jacob, Hellesen, Carl, Hjalmarsson, Anders, Possnert, Göran, Sjöstrand, Henrik, Skiba, Mateusz, Weiszflog, Matthias, and Zychor, I.
Abstract: Parallel heat flux calculations at the JET divertor have been based on the assumption that all incoming heat is due to the projection of the heat flux parallel to the magnetic line, q, plus a constant background. This simplification led to inconsistencies during the analysis of a series of dedicated tungsten melting experiments performed in 2013, for which infrared (IR) thermography surface measurements could not be recreated through simulations unless the parallel heat flux was reduced by 80% for L-mode and 60% for H-mode. We give an explanation for these differences using a new IR inverse analysis code, a set of geometrical corrections, and most importantly an additional term for the divertor heat flux accounting for non-parallel effects such as cross-field transport, recycled neutrals or charge exchange. This component has been evaluated comparing four different geometries with impinging angles varying from 2 to 90 degrees. Its magnitude corresponds to 1.2%-1.9% of q(parallel to), but because it is not affected by the magnetic projection, it accounts for up to 20%-30% of the tile surface heat flux. The geometrical corrections imply a further reduction of 24% of the measured heat flux. In addition, the application of the new inverse code increases the accuracy of the tile heat flux calculation, eliminating any previous discrepancy. The parallel heat flux computed with this new model is actually much lower than previously deduced by inverse analysis of IR temperatures-40% for L-mode and 50% for H-mode-while being independent of the geometry on which it is measured. This main result confirms the validity of the optical projection as long as a non-constant and non-parallel component is considered. For a given total heating power, the model predicts over 10% reduction of the maximum tile surface heat flux compared to strict optical modelling, as well as a 30% reduced sensitivity to manufacturing and assembling tolerances. These conclusions, along with the improvement, For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aad83e
Published: 2018
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29. An improved model for the accurate calculation of parallel heat fluxes at the JET bulk tungsten outer divertor

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Iglesias, D., Bunting, P., Coenen, J.W., Matthews, G.F., Pitts, R.A., Jet Contributors, García Muñoz, Manuel, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Iglesias, D., Bunting, P., Coenen, J.W., Matthews, G.F., Pitts, R.A., Jet Contributors, and García Muñoz, Manuel
Abstract: Parallel heat flux calculations at the JET divertor have been based on the assumption that all incoming heat is due to the projection of the heat flux parallel to the magnetic line, q , plus a constant background. This simplification led to inconsistencies during the analysis of a series of dedicated tungsten melting experiments performed in 2013, for which infrared (IR) thermography surface measurements could not be recreated through simulations unless the parallel heat flux was reduced by 80% for L-mode and 60% for H-mode. We give an explanation for these differences using a new IR inverse analysis code, a set of geometrical corrections, and most importantly an additional term for the divertor heat flux accounting for non-parallel effects such as cross-field transport, recycled neutrals or charge exchange. This component has been evaluated comparing four different geometries with impinging angles varying from 2 to 90°. Its magnitude corresponds to 1.2%–1.9% of q , but because it is not affected by the magnetic projection, it accounts for up to 20%–30% of the tile surface heat flux. The geometrical corrections imply a further reduction of 24% of the measured heat flux. In addition, the application of the new inverse code increases the accuracy of the tile heat flux calculation, eliminating any previous discrepancy. The parallel heat flux computed with this new model is actually much lower than previously deduced by inverse analysis of IR temperatures—40% for L-mode and 50% for H-mode—while being independent of the geometry on which it is measured. This main result confirms the validity of the optical projection as long as a non-constant and non-parallel component is considered. For a given total heating power, the model predicts over 10% reduction of the maximum tile surface heat flux compared to strict optical modelling, as well as a 30% reduced sensitivity to manufacturing and assembling tolerances. These conclusions, along with the improvement in the predictabil
Published: 2018

30. An improved model for the accurate calculation of parallel heat fluxes at the JET bulk tungsten outer divertor

Author: Iglesias, D, Bunting, P, Coenen, J, Matthews, G, Pitts, R, Silburn, S, Balboa, I, Coffey, I, Corre, Y, Dejarnac, R, Gaspar, J, Gauthier, E, Jachmich, S, Krieger, K, Pamela, S, Riccardo, V, Stamp, M, Litaudon, X, Abduallev, S, Abhangi, M, Abreu, P, Afzal, M, Aggarwal, K, Ahlgren, T, Ahn, J, Aho-Mantila, L, Aiba, N, Airila, M, Albanese, R, Aldred, V, Alegre, D, Alessi, E, Aleynikov, P, Alfer, A, Alkseev, A, Allinson, M, Alper, B, Alves, E, Ambrosino, G, Ambrosino, R, Amicucci, L, Amosov, V, Sunden, E, Angelone, M, Anghel, M, Angioni, C, Appel, L, Appelbee, C, Arena, P, Ariola, M, Arnichand, H, Arshad, S, Ash, A, Ashikawa, N, Aslanyan, V, Asunta, O, Auriemma, F, Austin, Y, Avotina, L, Axton, M, Ayres, C, Bacharis, M, Baciero, A, Baiao, D, Bailey, S, Baker, A, Balden, M, Balshaw, N, Bament, R, Banks, J, Baranov, Y, Barnard, M, Barnes, D, Barnes, M, Barnsley, R, Wiechec, A, Orte, L, Baruzzo, M, Basiuk, V, Bassan, M, Bastow, R, Batista, A, Batistoni, P, Baughan, R, Bauvir, B, Baylor, L, Bazylev, B, Beal, J, Beaumont, P, Beckers, M, Beckett, B, Becoulet, A, Bekris, N, Beldishevski, M, Bell, K, Belli, F, Bellinger, M, Belonohy, E, Ayed, N, Benterman, N, Bergsaker, H, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Berry, M, Bertalot, L, Besliu, C, Beurskens, M, Bieg, B, Bielecki, J, Biewer, T, Bigi, M, Bilkova, P, Binda, F, Bisoffi, A, Bizarro, J, Bjorkas, C, Blackburn, J, Blackman, K, Blackman, T, Blanchard, P, Blatchford, P, Bobkov, V, Boboc, A, Bodnar, G, Bogar, O, Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T, Bonanomi, N, Bonelli, F, Boom, J, Booth, J, Borba, D, Borodin, D, Borodkina, I, Botrugno, A, Bottereau, C, Boulting, P, Bourdelle, C, Bowden, M, Bower, C, Bowman, C, Boyce, T, Boyd, C, Boyer, H, Bradshaw, J, Braic, V, Bravanec, R, Breizman, B, Bremond, S, Brennan, P, Breton, S, Brett, A, Brezinsek, S, Bright, M, Brix, M, Broeckx, W, Brombin, M, Brosfawski, A, Brown, D, Brown, M, Bruno, E, Bucalossi, J, Buch, J, Buchanan, J, Buckley, M, Budny, R, Bufferand, H, Bulman, M, Bulmer, N, Buratti, P, Burckhart, A, Buscarino, A, Busse, A, Butler, N, Bykov, I, Byrne, J, Cahyna, P, Calabro, G, Calvo, I, Camenen, Y, Camp, P, Campling, D, Cane, J, Cannas, B, Capel, A, Card, P, Cardinali, A, Carman, P, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Carraro, L, Carvalho, B, Carvalho, I, Carvalho, P, Casson, F, Castaldo, C, Catarino, N, Caumont, J, Causa, F, Cavazzana, R, Cave-Ayland, K, Cavinato, M, Cecconello, M, Ceccuzzi, S, Cecil, E, Cenedese, A, Cesario, R, Challis, C, Chandler, M, Chandra, D, Chang, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, I, Chapman, S, Chernyshova, M, Chitarin, G, Ciraolo, G, Ciric, D, Citrin, J, Clairet, F, Clark, E, Clark, M, Clarkson, R, Clatworthy, D, Clements, C, Cleverly, M, Coad, J, Coates, P, Cobalt, A, Coccorese, V, Cocilovo, V, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Colas, L, Collins, S, Conka, D, Conroy, S, Conway, N, Coombs, D, Cooper, D, Cooper, S, Corradino, C, Corrigan, G, Cortes, S, Coster, D, Couchman, A, Cox, M, Craciunescu, T, Cramp, S, Craven, R, Crisanti, F, Croci, G, Croft, D, Crombe, K, Crowe, R, Cruz, N, Cseh, G, Cufar, A, Cullen, A, Curuia, M, Czarnecka, A, Dabirikhah, H, Dalgliesh, P, Dalley, S, Dankowski, J, Darrow, D, Davies, O, Davis, W, Day, C, Day, I, De Bock, M, De Castro, A, De La Cal, E, De La Luna, E, De Masi, G, De Pablos, J, De Temmerman, G, De Tommasi, G, De Vries, P, Deakin, K, Deane, J, Degli Agostini, F, Delabie, E, Den Harder, N, Dendy, R, Denis, J, Denner, P, Devaux, S, Devynck, P, Di Maio, F, Di Siena, A, Di Troia, C, Dinca, P, D'Inca, R, Ding, B, Dittmar, T, Doerk, H, Doerner, R, Donne, T, Dorling, S, Dormido-Canto, S, Doswon, S, Douai, D, Doyle, P, Drenik, A, Drewelow, P, Drews, P, Duckworth, P, Dumont, R, Dumortier, P, Dunai, D, Dunne, M, Duran, I, Durodie, F, Dutta, P, Duval, B, Dux, R, Dylst, K, Dzysiuk, N, Edappala, P, Edmond, J, Edwards, A, Edwards, J, Eich, T, Ekedahl, A, El-Jorf, R, Elsmore, C, Enachescu, M, Ericsson, G, Eriksson, F, Eriksson, J, Eriksson, L, Esposito, B, Esquembri, S, Esser, H, Esteve, D, Evans, B, Evans, G, Evison, G, Ewart, G, Fagan, D, Faitsch, M, Falie, D, Fanni, A, Fasoli, A, Faustin, J, Fawlk, N, Fazendeiro, L, Fedorczak, N, Felton, R, Fenton, K, Fernades, A, Fernandes, H, Ferreira, J, Fessey, J, Fevrier, O, Ficker, O, Field, A, Fietz, S, Figueiredo, A, Figueiredo, J, Fil, A, Finburg, P, Firdaouss, M, Fischer, U, Fittill, L, Fitzgerald, M, Flammini, D, Flanagan, J, Fleming, C, Flinders, K, Fonnesu, N, Fontdecaba, J, Formisano, A, Forsythe, L, Fortuna, L, Fortuna-Zalesna, E, Fortune, M, Foster, S, Franke, T, Franklin, T, Frasca, M, Frassinetti, L, Freisinger, M, Fresa, R, Frigione, D, Fuchs, V, Fuller, D, Futatani, S, Fyvie, J, Gal, K, Galassi, D, Gafqzka, K, Galdon-Quiroga, J, Gallagher, J, Gallart, D, Galvao, R, Gao, X, Gao, Y, Garcia, J, Garcia-Carrasco, A, Garcia-Munoz, M, Gardarein, J, Garzotti, L, Gaudio, P, Gear, D, Gee, S, Geiger, B, Gelfusa, M, Gerasimov, S, Gervasini, G, Gethins, M, Ghani, Z, Ghate, M, Gherendi, M, Giacalone, J, Giacomelli, L, Gibson, C, Giegerich, T, Gil, C, Gil, L, Gilligan, S, Gin, D, Giovannozzi, E, Girardo, J, Giroud, C, Giruzzi, G, Gloggler, S, Godwin, J, Goff, J, Gohil, P, Goloborod'Ko, V, Gomes, R, Gongalves, B, Goniche, M, Goodliffe, M, Goodyear, A, Gorini, G, Gosk, M, Goulding, R, Goussarov, A, Gowland, R, Graham, B, Graham, M, Graves, J, Grazier, N, Grazier, P, Green, N, Greuner, H, Grierson, B, Griph, F, Grisolia, C, Grist, D, Groth, M, Grove, R, Grundy, C, Grzonka, J, Guard, D, Guerard, C, Guillemaut, C, Guirlet, R, Gurl, C, Utoh, H, Hackett, L, Hacquin, S, Hagar, A, Hager, R, Hakola, A, Halitovs, M, Hall, S, Cook, S, Hamlyn-Harris, C, Hammond, K, Harrington, C, Harrison, J, Harting, D, Hasenbeck, F, Hatano, Y, Hatch, D, Haupt, T, Hawes, J, Hawkes, N, Hawkins, J, Hawkins, P, Haydon, P, Hayter, N, Hazel, S, Heesterman, P, Heinola, K, Hellesen, C, Hellsten, T, Helou, W, Hemming, O, Hender, T, Henderson, M, Henderson, S, Henriques, R, Hepple, D, Hermon, G, Hertout, P, Hidalgo, C, Highcock, E, Hill, M, Hillairet, J, Hillesheim, J, Hillis, D, Hizanidis, K, Hjalmarsson, A, Hobirk, J, Hodille, E, Hogben, C, Hogeweij, G, Hollingsworth, A, Hollis, S, Homfray, D, Horacek, J, Hornung, G, Horton, A, Horton, L, Horvath, L, Hotchin, S, Hough, M, Howarth, P, Hubbard, A, Huber, A, Huber, V, Huddleston, T, Hughes, M, Huijsmans, G, Hunter, C, Huynh, P, Hynes, A, Imazawa, N, Imbeaux, F, Imrisek, M, Incelli, M, Innocente, P, Irishkin, M, Ivanova-Stanik, I, Jacobsen, A, Jacquet, P, Jansons, J, Jardin, A, Jarvinen, A, Jaulmes, F, Jednorog, S, Jenkins, I, Jeong, C, Jepu, I, Joffrin, E, Johnson, R, Johnson, T, Johnston, J, Joita, L, Jones, G, Jones, T, Hoshino, K, Kallenbach, A, Kamiya, K, Kaniewski, J, Kantor, A, Kappatou, A, Karhunen, J, Karkinsky, D, Karnowska, I, Kaufman, M, Kaveney, G, Kazakov, Y, Kazantzidis, V, Keeling, D, Keenan, T, Keep, J, Kempenaars, M, Kennedy, C, Kenny, D, Kent, J, Kent, O, Khilkevich, E, Kim, H, Kinch, A, King, C, King, D, King, R, Kinna, D, Kiptily, V, Kirk, A, Kirov, K, Kirschner, A, Kizane, G, Klepper, C, Klix, A, Knight, P, Knipe, S, Knott, S, Kobuchi, T, Kochl, F, Kocsis, G, Kodeli, I, Kogan, L, Kogut, D, Koivuranta, S, Kominis, Y, Koppen, M, Kos, B, Koskela, T, Koslowski, H, Koubiti, M, Kovari, M, Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E, Krasilnikov, A, Krasilnikov, V, Krawczyk, N, Kresina, M, Krivska, A, Kruezi, U, Ksiqzek, I, Kukushkin, A, Kundu, A, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kwak, S, Kwiatkowski, R, Kwon, O, Laguardia, L, Lahtinen, A, Laing, A, Lam, N, Lambertz, H, Lane, C, Lang, P, Lanthaler, S, Lapins, J, Lasa, A, Last, J, Laszyhska, E, Lawless, R, Lawson, A, Lawson, K, Lazaros, A, Lazzaro, E, Leddy, J, Lee, S, Lefebvre, X, Leggate, H, Lehmann, J, Lehnen, M, Leichtle, D, Leichuer, P, Leipold, F, Lengar, I, Lennholm, M, Lerche, E, Lescinskis, A, Lesnoj, S, Letellier, E, Leyland, M, Leysen, W, Li, L, Liang, Y, Likonen, J, Linke, J, Linsmeier, C, Lipschultz, B, Liu, G, Liu, Y, Lo Schiavo, V, Loarer, T, Loarte, A, Lobel, R, Lomanowski, B, Lomas, P, Lonnroth, J, Lopez, J, Lopez-Razola, J, Lorenzini, R, Losada, U, Lovell, J, Loving, A, Lowry, C, Luce, T, Lucock, R, Lukin, A, Luna, C, Lungaroni, M, Lungu, C, Lungu, M, Lunniss, A, Lupelli, I, Lyssoivan, A, Macdonald, N, Macheta, P, Maczewa, K, Magesh, B, Maget, P, Maggi, C, Maier, H, Mailloux, J, Makkonen, T, Makwana, R, Malaquias, A, Malizia, A, Manas, P, Manning, A, Manso, M, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manzanares, A, Maquet, P, Marandet, Y, Marcenko, N, Marchetto, C, Marchuk, O, Marinelli, M, Marinucci, M, Markovic, T, Marocco, D, Marot, L, Marren, C, Marshal, R, Martin, A, Martin, Y, De Aguilera, A, Martinez, F, Martin-Solis, J, Martynova, Y, Maruyama, S, Masiello, A, Maslov, M, Matejcik, S, Mattei, M, Maviglia, F, Mayer, M, Mayoral, M, May-Smith, T, Mazon, D, Mazzotta, C, Mcadams, R, Mccarthy, P, Mcclements, K, Mccormack, O, Mccullen, P, Mcdonald, D, Mcintosh, S, Mckean, R, Mckehon, J, Meadows, R, Meakins, A, Medina, F, Medland, M, Medley, S, Meigh, S, Meigs, A, Meisl, G, Meitner, S, Meneses, L, Menmuir, S, Mergia, K, Merrigan, I, 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V., Veshchev E., Vianello N., Vicente J., Viezzer E., Villari S., Villone F., Vincenzi P., Vinyar I., Viola B., Vitins A., Vizvary Z., Vlad M., Voitsekhovitch I., Vondracek P., Vora N., Vu T., De Sa W. W. P., Wakeling B., Waldon C. W. F., Walkden N., Walker M., Walker R., Walsh M., Wang E., Wang N., Warder S., Warren R. J., Waterhouse J., Watkins N. W., Watts C., Wauters T., Weckmann A., Weiland J., Weisen H., Weiszfog M., Wellstood C., West A. T., Wheatley M. R., Whetham S., Whitehead A. M., Whitehead B. D., Widdowson A. M., Wiesen S., Wilkinson J., Williams J., Williams M., Wilson A. R., Wilson D. J., Wilson H. R., Wilson J., Wischmeier M., Withenshaw G., Withycombe A., Witts D. M., Wood D., Wood R., Woodley C., Wray S., Wright J., Wright J. C., Wu J., Wukitch S., Wynn A., Xu T., Yadikin D., Yanling W., Yao L., Yavorskij V., Yoo M. G., Young C., Young D., Young I. D., Young R., Zacks J., Zagorski R., Zaitsev F. S., Zanino R., Zarins A., Zastrow K. D., Zerbini M., Zhang W., Zhou Y., Zilli E., Zoita V., Zoletnik S., and Zychor I.
Abstract: Parallel heat flux calculations at the JET divertor have been based on the assumption that all incoming heat is due to the projection of the heat flux parallel to the magnetic line, q∥, plus a constant background. This simplification led to inconsistencies during the analysis of a series of dedicated tungsten melting experiments performed in 2013, for which infrared (IR) thermography surface measurements could not be recreated through simulations unless the parallel heat flux was reduced by 80% for L-mode and 60% for H-mode. We give an explanation for these differences using a new IR inverse analysis code, a set of geometrical corrections, and most importantly an additional term for the divertor heat flux accounting for non-parallel effects such as cross-field transport, recycled neutrals or charge exchange. This component has been evaluated comparing four different geometries with impinging angles varying from 2 to 90. Its magnitude corresponds to 1.2%-1.9% of q∥, but because it is not affected by the magnetic projection, it accounts for up to 20%-30% of the tile surface heat flux. The geometrical corrections imply a further reduction of 24% of the measured heat flux. In addition, the application of the new inverse code increases the accuracy of the tile heat flux calculation, eliminating any previous discrepancy. The parallel heat flux computed with this new model is actually much lower than previously deduced by inverse analysis of IR temperatures-40% for L-mode and 50% for H-mode-while being independent of the geometry on which it is measured. This main result confirms the validity of the optical projection as long as a non-constant and non-parallel component is considered. For a given total heating power, the model predicts over 10% reduction of the maximum tile surface heat flux compared to strict optical modelling, as well as a 30% reduced sensitivity to manufacturing and assembling tolerances. These conclusions, along with the improvement in the predictabili
Published: 2018

31. Impact of the JET ITER-like wall on H-mode plasma fueling

Subjects: H-mode, ITER-like wall, JET, integrated modelling, plasma-wall interaction, pedestal fuelling
Abstract: JET ITER-like wall (ILW) experiments show that the edge density evolution is strongly linked with the poloidal distribution of the ionization source. The fueling profile in the JET-ILW is more delocalized as compared to JET-C (JET with carbon-based plasma-facing components PFCs). Compared to JET-C the H-mode pedestal fueling cycle is dynamically influenced by a combination of plasma-wall interaction features, in particular: (1) edge-localized modes (ELMs) induced energetic particles are kinetically reflected on W divertor PFCs leading to distributed refueling away from the divertor depending on the divertor plasma configuration, (2) delayed molecular re-emission and outgassing of particles being trapped in W PFCs (bulk-W at the high field side and W-coated CFCs at the low field side) with different fuel content and (3) outgassing from Be co-deposits located on top of the high-field side baffle region shortly after the ELM. In view of the results of a set of well diagnosed series of JET-ILW type-I ELMy H-mode discharges with good statistics, the aforementioned effects are discussed in view of H-mode pedestal fueling capacity. The ongoing modelling activities with the focus on coupled core-edge plasma simulations and plasma-wall interaction are described and discussed also in view of possible code improvements required.
Published: 2017

32. Impact of the JET ITER-like wall on H-mode plasma fueling

Author: Wiesen, S., Brezinsek, S., Wischmeier, M., De la Luna, E., Groth, M., Jaervinen, A. E., de la Cal, E., Losada, U., de Aguilera, A. M., Frassinetti, L., Gao, Y., Guillemaut, C., Harting, D., Meigs, A., Schmid, K., Sergienko, G., Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Ahlgren, T., Ahn, J. H., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Albanese, R., Aldred, V., Alegre, D., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alfier, A., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amicucci, L., Amosov, V., Sunden, E. Andersson, Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arnichand, H., Arshad, S., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Asunta, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M. D., Ayres, C., Bacharis, M., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Bailey, S., Baker, A., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bament, R., Banks, J. W., Baranov, Y. F., Barnard, M. A., Barnes, D., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Wiechec, A. Baron, Orte, L. Barrera, Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baughan, R., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Bazylev, B., Beal, J., Beaumont, P. S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Becoulet, A., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Bellinger, M., Belonohy, E., Ben Ayed, N., Benterman, N. A., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Besliu, C., Beurskens, M., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bigi, M., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Bisoffi, A., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, K., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bodnar, G., Bogar, O., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonelli, F., Boom, J., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Botrugno, A., Bottereau, C., Boulting, P., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bower, C., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Boyd, C., Boyer, H. J., Bradshaw, J. M. A., Braic, V., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Bremond, S., Brennan, P. D., Breton, S., Brett, A., Bright, M. D. J., Brix, M., Broeckx, W., Brombin, M., Broslawski, A., Brown, D. P. D., Brown, M., Bruno, E., Bucalossi, J., Buch, J., Buchanan, J., Buckley, M. A., Budny, R., Bufferand, H., Bulman, M., Bulmer, N., Bunting, P., Buratti, P., Burckhart, A., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butler, N. K., Bykov, I., Byrne, J., Cahyna, P., Calabro, G., Calvo, I., Camenen, Y., Camp, P., Campling, D. C., Cane, J., Cannas, B., Capel, A. J., Card, P. J., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, I., Carvalho, P., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Catarino, N., Caumont, J., Causa, F., Cavazzana, R., Cave-Ayland, K., Cavinato, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cecil, E., Cenedese, A., Cesario, R., Challis, C. D., Chandler, M., Chandra, D., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, I. T., Chapman, S. C., Chernyshova, M., Chitarin, G., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Clairet, F., Clark, E., Clark, M., Clarkson, R., Clatworthy, D., Clements, C., Cleverly, M., Coad, J. P., Coates, P. A., Cobalt, A., Coccorese, V., Cocilovo, V., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I., Colas, L., Collins, S., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Conway, N., Coombs, D., Cooper, D., Cooper, S. R., Corradino, C., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Cortes, S., Coster, D., Couchman, A. S., Cox, M. P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Craven, R., Crisanti, F., Croci, G., Croft, D., Crombe, K., Crowe, R., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curuia, M., Czarnecka, A., Dabirikhah, H., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., Darrow, D., Davies, O., Davis, W., Day, C., Day, I. E., De Bock, M., de Castro, A., de la Luna, E., De Masi, G., de Pablos, J. L., De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., de Vries, P., Deakin, K., Deane, J., Agostini, F. Degli, Dejarnac, R., Delabie, E., den Harder, N., Dendy, R. O., Denis, J., Denner, P., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Maio, F., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dinca, P., D'Inca, R., Ding, B., Dittmar, T., Doerk, H., Doerner, R. P., Donne, T., Dorling, S. E., Dormido-Canto, S., Doswon, S., Douai, D., Doyle, P. T., Drenik, A., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Duckworth, Ph., Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Duran, I., Durodie, F., Dutta, P., Duval, B. P., Dux, R., Dylst, K., Dzysiuk, N., Edappala, P. V., Edmond, J., Edwards, A. M., Edwards, J., Eich, Th., Ekedahl, A., El-Jorf, R., Elsmore, C. G., Enachescu, M., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, L. G., Esposito, B., Esquembri, S., Esser, H. G., Esteve, D., Evans, B., Evans, G. E., Evison, G., Ewart, G. D., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Falie, D., Fanni, A., Fasoli, A., Faustin, J. M., Fawlk, N., Fazendeiro, L., Fedorczak, N., Felton, R. C., Fenton, K., Fernades, A., Fernandes, H., Ferreira, J., Fessey, J. A., Fevrier, O., Ficker, O., Field, A., Fietz, S., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Fil, A., Finburg, P., Firdaouss, M., Fischer, U., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Fleming, C., Flinders, K., Fonnesu, N., Fontdecaba, J. M., Formisano, A., Forsythe, L., Fortuna, L., Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Fortune, M., Foster, S., Franke, T., Franklin, T., Frasca, M., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Frigione, D., Fuchs, V., Fuller, D., Futatani, S., Fyvie, J., Gal, K., Galassi, D., Galazka, K., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Gallagher, J., Gallart, D., Galvao, R., Gao, X., Garcia, J., Garcia-Carrasco, A., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gardarein, J. -L., Garzotti, L., Gaudio, P., Gauthier, E., Gear, D. F., Gee, S. J., Geiger, B., Gelfusa, M., Gerasimov, S., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Ghate, M., Gherendi, M., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, C. S., Giegerich, T., Gil, C., Gil, L., Gilligan, S., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Girardo, J. B., Giroud, C., Giruzzi, G., Gloeggler, S., Godwin, J., Goff, J., Gohil, P., Goloborod'Ko, V., Gomes, R., Goncalves, B., Goniche, M., Goodliffe, M., Goodyear, A., Gorini, G., Gosk, M., Goulding, R., Goussarov, A., Gowland, R., Graham, B., Graham, M. E., Graves, J. P., Grazier, N., Grazier, P., Green, N. R., Greuner, H., Grierson, B., Griph, F. S., Grisolia, C., Grist, D., Grove, R., Grundy, C. N., Grzonka, J., Guard, D., Guerard, C., Guirlet, R., Gurl, C., Utoh, H. H., Hackett, L. J., Hacquin, S., Hagar, A., Hager, R., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, S. J., Cook, S. P. Hallworth, Hamlyn-Harris, C., Hammond, K., Harrington, C., Harrison, J., Hasenbeck, F., Hatano, Y., Hatch, D. R., Haupt, T. D. V., Hawes, J., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkins, J., Hawkins, P., Haydon, P. W., Hayter, N., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P. J. L., Heinola, K., Hellesen, C., Hellsten, T., Helou, W., Hemming, O. N., Hender, T. C., Henderson, M., Henderson, S. S., Henriques, R., Hepple, D., Hermon, G., Hertout, P., Hidalgo, C., Highcock, E. G., Hill, M., Hillairet, J., Hillesheim, J., Hillis, D., Hizanidis, K., Hjalmarsson, A., Hobirk, J., Hodille, E., Hogben, C. H. A., Hogeweij, G. M. D., Hollingsworth, A., Hollis, S., Homfray, D. A., Horacek, J., Hornung, G., Horton, A. R., Horton, L. D., Horvath, L., Hotchin, S. P., Hough, M. R., Howarth, P. J., Hubbard, A., Huber, A., Huber, V., Huddleston, T. M., Hughes, M., Huijsmans, G. T. A., Hunter, C. L., Huynh, P., Hynes, A. M., Iglesias, D., Imazawa, N., Imbeaux, F., Imrisek, M., Incelli, M., Innocente, P., Irishkin, M., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jachmich, S., Jacobsen, A. S., Jacquet, P., Jansons, J., Jardin, A., Jarvinen, A., Jaulmes, F., Jednorog, S., Jenkins, I., Jeong, C., Jepu, I., Joffrin, E., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Johnston, Jane, Joita, L., Jones, G., Jones, T. T. C., Hoshino, K. K., Kallenbach, A., Kamiya, K., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karkinsky, D., Karnowska, I., Kaufman, M., Kaveney, G., Kazakov, Y., Kazantzidis, V., Keeling, D. L., Keenan, T., Keep, J., Kempenaars, M., Kennedy, C., Kenny, D., Kent, J., Kent, O. N., Khilkevich, E., Kim, H. T., Kim, H. S., Kinch, A., King, C., King, D., King, R. F., Kinna, D. J., Kiptily, V., Kirk, A., Kirov, K., Kirschner, A., Kizane, G., Klepper, C., Klix, A., Knight, P., Knipe, S. J., Knott, S., Kobuchi, T., Koechl, F., Kocsis, G., Kodeli, I., Kogan, L., Kogut, D., Koivuranta, S., Kominis, Y., Koeppen, M., Kos, B., Koskela, T., Koslowski, H. R., Koubiti, M., Kovari, M., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Krawczyk, N., Kresina, M., Krieger, K., Krivska, A., Kruezi, U., Ksiazek, I., Kukushkin, A., Kundu, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwak, S., Kwiatkowski, R., Kwon, O. J., Laguardia, L., Lahtinen, A., Laing, A., Lam, N., Lambertz, H. T., Lane, C., Lang, P. T., Lanthaler, S., Lapins, J., Lasa, A., Last, J. R., Laszynska, E., Lawless, R., Lawson, A., Lawson, K. D., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, E., Leddy, J., Lee, S., Lefebvre, X., Leggate, H. J., Lehmann, J., Lehnen, M., Leichtle, D., Leichuer, P., Leipold, F., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Lerche, E., Lescinskis, A., Lesnoj, S., Letellier, E., Leyland, M., Leysen, W., Li, L., Liang, Y., Likonen, J., Linke, J., Linsmeier, Ch., Lipschultz, B., Liu, G., Liu, Y., Lo Schiavo, V. P., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lobel, R. C., Lomanowski, B., Lomas, P. J., Lonnroth, J., Lopez, J. M., Lopez-Razola, J., Lorenzini, R., Lovell, J. J., Loving, A. B., Lowry, C., Luce, T., Lucock, R. M. A., Lukin, A., Luna, C., Lungaroni, M., Lungu, C. P., Lungu, M., Lunniss, A., Lupelli, I., Lyssoivan, A., Macdonald, N., Macheta, P., Maczewa, K., Magesh, B., Maget, P., Maggi, C., Maier, H., Mailloux, J., Makkonen, T., Makwana, R., Malaquias, A., Malizia, A., Manas, P., Manning, A., Manso, M. E., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Manzanares, A., Maquet, Ph., Marandet, Y., Marcenko, N., Marchetto, C., Marchuk, O., Marinelli, M., Marinucci, M., Markovic, T., Marocco, D., Marot, L., Marren, C. A., Marshal, R., Martin, A., Martin, Y., Martin de Aguilera, A., Martinez, F. J., Martin-Solis, J. R., Martynova, Y., Maruyama, S., Masiello, A., Maslov, M., Matejcik, S., Mattei, M., Matthews, G. F., Maviglia, F., Mayer, M., Mayoral, M. L., May-Smith, T., Mazon, D., Mazzotta, C., Mcadams, R., Mccarthy, P. J., Mcclements, K. G., Mccormack, O., Mccullen, P. A., Mcdonald, D., Mcintosh, S., Mckean, R., Mckehon, J., Meadows, R. C., Meakins, A., Medina, F., Medland, M., Medley, S., Meigh, S., Meigs, A. G., Meisl, G., Meitner, S., Meneses, L., Menmuir, S., Mergia, K., Merrigan, I. R., Mertens, Ph., Meshchaninov, S., Messiaen, A., Meyer, H., Mianowski, S., Michling, R., Middleton-Gear, D., Miettunen, J., Militello, F., Militello-Asp, E., Miloshevsky, G., Mink, F., Minucci, S., Miyoshi, Y., Mlynar, J., Molina, D., Monakhov, I., Moneti, M., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Mordijck, S., Moreira, L., Moreno, R., Moro, F., Morris, A. W., Morris, J., Moser, L., Mosher, S., Moulton, D., Murari, A., Muraro, A., Murphy, S., Asakura, N. N., Y. S., Na, Nabais, F., Naish, R., Nakano, T., Nardon, E., Naulin, V., Nave, M. F. F., Nedzelski, I., Nemtsev, G., Nespoli, F., Neto, A., Neu, R., Neverov, V. S., Newman, M., Nicholls, K. J., Nicolas, T., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, P., Nilsson, E., Nishijima, D., Noble, C., Nocente, M., Nodwell, D., Nordlund, K., Nordman, H., Nouailletas, R., Nunes, I., Oberkofler, M., Odupitan, T., Ogawa, M. T., O'Gorman, T., Okabayashi, M., Olney, R., Omolayo, O., O'Mullane, M., Ongena, J., Orsitto, F., Orszagh, J., Oswuigwe, B. I., Otin, R., Owen, A., Paccagnella, R., Pace, N., Pacella, D., Packer, L. W., Page, A., Pajuste, E., Palazzo, S., Pamela, S., Panja, S., Papp, P., Paprok, R., Parail, V., Park, M., Diaz, F. Parra, Parsons, M., Pasqualotto, R., Patel, A., Pathak, S., Paton, D., Patten, H., Pau, A., Pawelec, E., Soldan, C. Paz, Peackoc, A., Pearson, I. J., Pehkonen, S. -P., Peluso, E., Penot, C., Pereira, A., Pereira, R., Puglia, P. P. Pereira, von Thun, C. Perez, Peruzzo, S., Peschanyi, S., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petravich, G., Petre, A., Petrella, N., Petrzilka, V., Peysson, Y., Pfefferle, D., Philipps, V., Pillon, M., Pintsuk, G., Piovesan, P., Pires dos Reis, A., Piron, L., Pironti, A., Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Pizzo, F., Plyusnin, V., Pomaro, N., Pompilian, O. G., Pool, P. J., Popovichev, S., Porfiri, M. T., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Possnert, G., Potzel, S., Powell, T., Pozzi, J., Prajapati, V., Prakash, R., Prestopino, G., Price, D., Price, M., Price, R., Prior, P., Proudfoot, R., Pucella, G., Puglia, P., Puiatti, M. E., Pulley, D., Purahoo, K., Puetterich, Th., Rachlew, E., Rack, M., Ragona, R., Rainford, M. S. J., Rakha, A., Ramogida, G., Ranjan, S., Rapson, C. J., Rasmussen, J. J., Rathod, K., Ratta, G., Ratynskaia, S., Ravera, G., Rayner, C., Rebai, M., Reece, D., Reed, A., Refy, D., Regan, B., Regana, J., Reich, M., Reid, N., Reimold, F., Reinhart, M., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Rendell, D., Reux, C., Reyes Cortes, S. D. A., Reynolds, S., Riccardo, V., Richardson, N., Riddle, K., Rigamonti, D., Rimini, F. G., Risner, J., Riva, M., Roach, C., Robins, R. J., Robinson, S. A., Robinson, T., Robson, D. W., Roccella, R., Rodionov, R., Rodrigues, P., Rodriguez, J., Rohde, V., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, M., Romanelli, S., Romazanov, J., Rowe, S., Rubel, M., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Ruchko, L., Ruiz, M., Ruset, C., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Sabot, R., Safi, E., Sagar, P., Saibene, G., Saint-Laurent, F., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salmon, R., Salzedas, F., Samaddar, D., Samm, U., Sandiford, D., Santa, P., Santala, M. I. K., Santos, B., Santucci, A., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Schlummer, T., Schmidt, V., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schoepf, K., Schworer, D., Scott, S. D., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, A., Shaw, R., Sheikh, H., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shumack, A., Sias, G., Sibbald, M., Sieglin, B., Silburn, S., Silva, A., Silva, C., Simmons, P. A., Simpson, J., Simpson-Hutchinson, J., Sinha, A., Sipila, S. K., Sips, A. C. C., Siren, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjostrand, H., Skiba, M., Skilton, R., Slabkowska, K., Slade, B., Smith, N., Smith, P. G., Smith, R., Smith, T. J., Smithies, M., Snoj, L., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Somers, A., Sommariva, C., Sonato, P., Sopplesa, A., Sousa, J., Sozzi, C., Spagnolo, S., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Stables, G., Stamatelatos, I., Stamp, M. F., Staniec, P., Stankunas, G., Stan-Sion, C., Stead, M. J., Stefanikova, E., Stepanov, I., Stephen, A. V., Stephen, M., Stevens, A., Stevens, B. D., Strachan, J., Strand, P., Strauss, H. R., Strom, P., Stubbs, G., Studholme, W., Subba, F., Summers, H. P., Svensson, J., Swiderski, L., Szabolics, T., Szawlowski, M., Szepesi, G., Suzuki, T. T., Tal, B., Tala, T., Talbot, A. R., Talebzadeh, S., Taliercio, C., Tamain, P., Tame, C., Tang, W., Tardocchi, M., Taroni, L., Taylor, D., Taylor, K. A., Tegnered, D., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Terranova, D., Testa, D., Tholerus, E., Thomas, J., Thomas, J. D., Thomas, P., Thompson, A., Thompson, C. -A., Thompson, V. K., Thorne, L., Thornton, A., Thrysoe, A. S., Tigwell, P. A., Tipton, N., Tiseanu, I., Tojo, H., Tokitani, M., Tolias, P., Tomes, M., Tonner, P., Towndrow, M., Trimble, P., Tripsky, M., Tsalas, M., Tsavalas, P., Jun, D. Tskhakaya, Turner, I., Turner, M. M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyrrell, S. G. J., Uccello, A., Ul-Abidin, Z., Uljanovs, J., Ulyatt, D., Urano, H., Uytdenhouwen, I., Vadgama, A. P., Valcarcel, D., Valentinuzzi, M., Valisa, M., Olivares, P. Vallejos, Valovic, M., Van De Mortel, M., Van Eester, D., Van Renterghem, W., van Rooij, G. J., Varje, J., Varoutis, S., Vartanian, S., Vasava, K., Vasilopoulou, T., Vega, J., Verdoolaege, G., Verhoeven, R., Verona, C., Rinati, G. Verona, Veshchev, E., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Viezzer, E., Villari, S., Villone, F., Vincenzi, P., Vinyar, I., Viola, B., Vitins, A., Vizvary, Z., Vlad, M., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vondracek, P., Vora, N., Vu, T., Pires de Sa, W. W., Wakeling, B., Waldon, C. W. F., Walkden, N., Walker, M., Walker, R., Walsh, M., Wang, E., Wang, N., Warder, S., Warren, R. J., Waterhouse, J., Watkins, N. W., Watts, C., Wauters, T., Weckmann, A., Weiland, J., Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Wellstood, C., West, A. T., Wheatley, M. R., Whetham, S., Whitehead, A. M., Whitehead, B. D., Widdowson, A. M., Wilkinson, J., Williams, J., Williams, M., Wilson, A. R., Wilson, D. J., Wilson, H. R., Wilson, J., Withenshaw, G., Withycombe, A., Witts, D. M., Wood, D., Wood, R., Woodley, C., Wray, S., Wright, J., Wright, J. C., Wu, J., Wukitch, S., Wynn, A., Xu, T., Yadikin, D., Yanling, W., Yao, L., Yavorskij, V., Yoo, M. G., Young, C., Young, D., Young, I. D., Young, R., Zacks, J., Zagorski, R., Zaitsev, F. S., Zanino, R., Zarins, A., Zastrow, K. D., Zerbini, M., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Zilli, E., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., and Zychor, I.
Subjects: H-mode, JET, ITER-like wall, integrated modelling, pedestal fuelling, plasma-wall interaction, PEDESTAL, DENSITY
Published: 2017

33. Studies of dust from JET with the ITER-Like Wall: Composition and internal structure

Author: Alexander Lukin, Stefan Matejcik, Aleksandra Baron-Wiechec, Soare Sorin, Francesco Romanelli, Emilio Blanco, Justyna Grzonka, Elzbieta Fortuna-Zalesna, Lukasz Ciupinski, Anna Widdowson, Bohdan Bieg, Vladislav Plyusnin, José Vicente, Alberto Loarte, Rajnikant Makwana, CHIARA MARCHETTO, Marco Wischmeier, Choong-Seock Chang, Aneta Gójska, Manuel Garcia-munoz, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, and Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada
Subjects: Cladding (metalworking), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Materials Science (miscellaneous), chemistry.chemical_element, Tungsten, 01 natural sciences, Focused ion beam, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Material mixing, Subatomär fysik, Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, 0103 physical sciences, Subatomic Physics, Forensic engineering, Composite material, 010306 general physics, Inconel, Jet (fluid), Range (particle radiation), ITER-like wall, Divertor, Dust, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, lcsh:TK9001-9401, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, JET, lcsh:Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, Beryllium
Abstract: Results are presented for the dust survey performed at JET after the second experimental campaign with the ITER-Like Wall: 2013-2014. Samples were collected on adhesive stickers from several different positions in the divertor both on the tiles and on the divertor carrier. Brittle dust-forming deposits on test mirrors from the inner divertor wall were also studied. Comprehensive characterization accomplished by a wide range of high-resolution microscopy techniques, including focused ion beam, has led to the identification of several classes of particles: (i) beryllium flakes originating either from the Be coatings from the inner wall cladding or Be-rich mixed co-deposits resulting from material migration; (ii) beryllium droplets and splashes; (iii) tungsten and nickel-rich (from Inconel) droplets; (iv) mixed material layers with a various content of small (8-200 nm) W-Mo and Ni-based debris. A significant content of nitrogen from plasma edge cooling has been identified in all types of co-deposits. A comparison between particles collected after the first and second experimental campaign is also presented and discussed. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2016.11.027
Published: 2017

34. Fuel inventory and deposition in castellated structures in JET-ILW

Author: Alexander Lukin, Eduardo Alves, Stefan Matejcik, Soare Sorin, Francesco Romanelli, Ionut Jepu, Dmitry Matveev, Sebastijan Brezinsek, Anna Widdowson, Bohdan Bieg, Vladislav Plyusnin, José Vicente, Alberto Loarte, Axel Jardin, Andreas Kirschner, Corneliu POROSNICU, Rajnikant Makwana, CHIARA MARCHETTO, William Tang, Choong-Seock Chang, Manuel Garcia-munoz, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, and Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Materials science, Intermetallics, Tokamak devices, X ray diffraction, Nuclear engineering, castellation, chemistry.chemical_element, Tungsten, 01 natural sciences, deposition, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Thermomechanical properties, Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, Fusion reactor divertors, Fuel inventories, law, 0103 physical sciences, Jets, Morphology of surfaces, Limiter, Plasma-facing components, fuel inventory, Fighter aircraft, Magnetoplasma, 010306 general physics, Experimental campaign, Facings, Jet (fluid), ITER-like wall, Divertor, beryllium limiters, Condensed Matter Physics, Deuterium, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, Carbon, chemistry, JET, Erosion, Tungsten compounds, Beryllium, Deposition (chemistry), Plasma facing surfaces
Abstract: Since 2011 the JET tokamak has been operated with a metal ITER-like wall (JET-ILW) including castellated beryllium limiters and lamellae-type bulk tungsten tiles in the divertor. This has allowed for a large scale test of castellated plasma-facing components (PFC). Procedures for sectioning the limiters into single blocks of castellation have been developed. This facilitated morphology studies of morphology of surfaces inside the grooves for limiters after experimental campaigns 2011–2012 and 2013–2014. The deposition in the 0.4–0.5mm wide grooves of the castellation is ‘shallow’. It reaches 1–2mm into the 12mm deep gap. Deuterium concentrations are small (mostly below 1 × 1018 cm−2 ). The estimated total amount of deuterium in all the castellated limiters does not exceed the inventory of the plasma-facing surfaces (PFS) of the limiters. There are only traces of Ni, Cr and Fe deposited in the castellation gaps. The same applies to the carbon content. Also low deposition of D, Be and C has been measured on the sides of the bulk tungsten lamellae pieces. Modelling clearly reflects: (a) a sharp decrease in the measured deposition profiles and (b) an increase in deposition with the gap width. Both experimental and modelling data give a strong indication and information to ITER that narrow gaps in the castellated PFC are essential. X-ray diffraction on PFS has clearly shown two distinct composition patterns: Be with an admixture of Be–W intermetallic compounds (e.g. Be22W) in the deposition zone, whilst only pure Be has been detected in the erosion zone. The lack of compound formation in the erosion zone indicates that no distinct changes in the thermo-mechanical properties of the Be PFC might be expected. EURATOM 633053 Swedish Research Council (VR) 2015–04844
Published: 2017

35. Assessment of erosion, deposition and fuel retention in the JET-ILW divertor from ion beam analysis data

Author: Catarino, N., Barradas, N. P., Corregidor, V., Widdowson, A., Baron-Wiechec, A., Coad, J. P., Heinola, K., Rubel, M., Alves, E., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Aftanas, M., Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Aho-Mantila, L., Ahonen, E., Aints, M., Airila, M., Albanese, R., Alegre, D., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alfier, A., Alkseev, A., Allan, P., Almaviva, S., Alonso, A., Alper, B., Alsworth, I., Alves, D., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amosov, V., Andersson, F., Andersson Sunden, E., Angelone, M., Anghel, A., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Apruzzese, G., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arnich, Arnoux, G., Arshad, S., Ash, A., Asp, E., Asunta, O., Atanasiu, C. V., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M. D., Ayres, C., Bachmann, C., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Bailescu, V., Baiocchi, B., Baker, A., Baker, R. A., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bament, R., Banks, J. W., Baranov, Y. F., Barlow, I. L., Barnard, M. A., Barnes, D., Barnsley, R., Baron Wiechec, A., Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Bauer, R., Bauvir, B., Bazylev, B., Beal, J., Beaumont, P. S., Becoulet, A., Bednarczyk, P., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Bellinger, M., Belo, J. K., Belo, P., Belonohy, E., Benterman, N. A., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Beurskens, M. N. A., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bigi, M., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackman, K., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blanco, E., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bodnar, G., Bogar, O., Bolzonella, T., Boncagni, L., Bonham, R., Bonheure, G., Boom, J., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Botrugno, A., Boulbe, C., Boulting, P., Bovert, K. V., Bowden, M., Bower, C., Boyce, T., Boyer, H. J., Bradshaw, J. M. A., Braic, V., Breizman, B., Bremond, S., Brennan, P. D., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Bright, M. D. J., Brix, M., Broeckx, W., Brombin, M., Brown, B. C., Brown, D. P. D., Brown, M., Bruno, E., Bucalossi, J., Buch, J., Buckley, M. A., Bucko, K., Budny, R., Buffer, Bulman, M., Bulmer, N., Bunting, P., Buratti, P., Burcea, G., Burckhart, A., Buscarino, A., Butcher, P. R., Butler, N. K., Bykov, I., Byrne, J., Byszuk, A., Cackett, A., Cahyna, P., Cain, G., Calabro, G., Callaghan, C. P., Campling, D. C., Cane, J., Cannas, B., Capel, A. J., Caputano, M., Card, P. J., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, I., Carvalho, P., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Cavazzana, R., Cavinato, M., Cazzaniga, A., Cecconello, M., Cecil, E., Cenedese, A., Centioli, C., Cesario, R., Challis, C. D., ler, M., ra, D., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, I. T., Chapman, S. C., Chernyshova, M., Chiru, P., Chitarin, G., Chouli, B., Chung, N., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Clairet, F., Clark, E., Clatworthy, D., Clay, R., Clever, M., Coates, P. A., Coccorese, V., Cocilovo, V., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I., Colas, L., Collins, S., Conboy, J. E., Conroy, S., Cook, N., Coombs, D., Cooper, D., Cooper, S. R., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Cortes, S., Coster, D., Couchman, A. S., Cox, M., Cox, M. P., Cox, P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Crisanti, F., Cristescu, I., Croci, G., Croft, O., Crombe, K., Crowe, R., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Cull, K., Cupido, L., Curran, D., Curuia, M., Czarnecka, A., Czarski, T., Dalley, S., Dalziel, A., Darrow, D., Davies, R., Davis, W., Day, C., Day, I. E., de la Cal, E., de la Luna, E., De Magistris, M., de Pablos, J. L., De Tommasi, G., de Vries, P. C., Deakin, K., Deane, J., Decker, J., Degli Agostini, F., Dejarnac, R., Delabie, E., den Harder, N., Dendy, R. O., Denner, P., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Maio, F., Di Pace, L., Dittmar, T., Dodt, D., Donne, T., Dooley, P., Dorling, S. E., Dormido-Canto, S., Doswon, S., Douai, D., Doyle, P. T., Dreischuh, T., Drewelow, P., Drozdov, V., Drozdowicz, K., Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Duran, I., Durodie, F., Dutta, P., Duval, B., Dux, R., Dylst, K., Dzysiuk, N., Edappala, P. V., Edwards, A. M., Eich, Th., Ekedahl, A., Elevant, T., El-Jorf, R., Elsmore, C. G., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, A., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, L. G., Esposito, B., Esser, H. G., Esteve, D., Evans, G. E., Evans, J., Ewart, G. D., Ewers, D. T., Fagan, D., Falie, D., Farthing, J. W., Fasoli, A., Fattorini, L., Faugeras, B., Faustin, J., Fawlk, N., Federici, G., Fedorczak, N., Felton, R. C., Fenzi, C., Fernades, A., Fern, es, H., Ferreira, J., Fessey, J. A., Figini, L., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Fil, A., Finburg, P., Firdaouss, M., Fischer, U., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Fleming, C., Flinders, K., Formisano, A., Forsythe, L., Fortuna, L., Fortune, M., Frasca, M., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Frigione, D., Fuchs, V., Fyvie, J., Gadomska, M., Gal, K., Galperti, C., Galvao, R., Gao, X., Garavaglia, S., Garcia, J., Garcia-Carrasco, A., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gardner, M., Garzotti, L., Gaudio, P., Gauthier, E., Gaze, J. W., Gear, D. F., Gee, S. J., Gelfusa, M., Genangeli, E., Gerasimov, S., Gervasini, G., Ghate, M., Gherendi, M., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, C. S., Giegerich, T., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Girardo, J. B., Giroud, C., Giruzzi, G., Gleason-Gonzalez, C., Godwin, J., Gohil, P., Gojska, A., Goloborod'ko, V., Gomes, R., Goncalves, B., Goniche, M., Gonzalez, S., Goodsell, B., Goodyear, A., Gorini, G., Goussarov, A., Graham, B., Graham, M. E., Graves, J., Grazier, N., Green, N. R., Greuner, H., Grigore, E., Griph, F. S., Grisolia, C., Grist, D., Groth, M., Grundy, C. N., Gryaznevich, M., Guard, D., Gubb, D., Guillemaut, C., Guo, Y., Utoh, H. H., Hackett, L. J., Hacquin, S., Hagar, A., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, S. J., Hallworth Cook, S. P., Hammond, K., Hart, J., Harting, D., Hartmann, N., Haupt, T. D. V., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkins, J., Haydon, P. W., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P. J. L., Hellesen, C., Hellsten, T., Helou, W., Hemming, O. N., Hender, T. C., Henderson, M., Henriques, R., Hepple, D., Hermon, G., Hidalgo, C., Highcock, E. G., Hill, J. W., Hill, M., Hillairet, J., Hillesheim, J., Hillis, D., Hjalmarsson, A., Hobirk, J., Hogben, C. H. A., Hogeweij, G. M. D., Homfray, D. A., Horacek, J., Horton, A. R., Horton, L. D., Hotchin, S. P., Hough, M. R., Howarth, P. J., Huber, A., Huddleston, T. M., Hughes, M., Hunter, C. L., Hurzlmeier, H., Huygen, S., Huynh, P., Igitkhanov, J., Iglesias, D., Imrisek, M., Ivanova, D., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Ivings, E., Jachmich, S., Jacobsen, A. S., Jacquet, P., Jakubowska, K., James, J., Janky, F., Jarvinen, A., Jaulmes, F., Jednorog, S., Jenkins, C., Jenkins, I., Jesko, K., Joffrin, E., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Joita, L., Jones, G., Jones, T. T. C., Joyce, L., Jupen, C., Hoshino, K. K., Kallenbach, A., Kalupin, D., Kamiya, K., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Karhunen, J., Kasprowicz, G., Kaveney, G., Kazakov, Y., Keeling, D. L., Keep, J., Kempenaars, M., Kennedy, C., Kenny, D., Khilkevich, E., Kiisk, M., Kim, H. -T., Kim, H. S., King, C., King, D., King, R. F., Kinna, D. J., Kiptily, V., Kirov, K., Kirschner, A., Kizane, G., Klepper, C., Knaup, M., Knipe, S. J., Kobuchi, T., Kochl, F., Kocsis, G., Kogut, D., Koivuranta, S., Koppen, M., Koskela, T., Koslowski, H. R., Kotov, V., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Kreter, A., Krieger, K., Krivchenkov, Y., Krivska, A., Kruezi, U., Ksiazek, I., Kukushkin, A., Kundu, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwon, O. T., Kyrytsya, V., Laan, M., Labate, C., Laguardia, L., Lam, N., Lane, C., Lang, P. T., Lapins, J., Lasa, A., Last, J. R., Lawson, A., Lawson, K. D., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, E., Lee, S., Leggate, H. J., Lehnen, M., Leichtle, D., Leichuer, P., Leipold, F., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Lerche, E., Leyl, Leysen, W., Liang, Y., Likonen, J., Lindholm, V., Linke, J., Linsmeier, Ch., Lipschultz, B., Litaudon, X., Liu, G., Liu, Y., Lo Schiavo, V. P., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lobel, R. C., Lohr, N., Lomas, P. J., Lonnroth, J., Lopez, J., Lopez, J. M., Louche, F., Loving, A. B., Lowbridge, S., Lowry, C., Luce, T., Lucock, R. M. A., Lukin, A., Lungu, A. M., Lungu, C. P., Lupelli, I., Lyssoivan, A., Macheta, P., Mackenzie, A. S., Maddaluno, G., Maddison, G. P., Magesh, B., Maget, P., Maggi, C. F., Maier, H., Mailloux, J., Maj, A., Makkonen, T., Makwana, R., Malaquias, A., Mansffield, F., Mansfield, M., Manso, M. E., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Manzanares, A., Mar, et, Y., Marcenko, N., Marchetto, C., Marchuk, O., Marinelli, M., Marinucci, M., Markovic, T., Marocco, D., Marot, L., Marren, C. A., Marsen, S., Marshal, R., Martin, A., Martin, D. L., Martin, Y., Martin de Aguilera, A., Martin-Solis, J. R., Masiello, A., Maslov, M., Maslova, V., Matejcik, S., Mattei, M., Matthews, G. F., Matveev, D., Matveev, M., Maviglia, F., Mayer, M., Mayoral, M. -L., Mazon, D., Mazzotta, C., McAdams, R., McCarthy, P. J., McClements, K. G., McCormick, K., McCullen, P. A., McDonald, D., Mcgregor, R., McKean, R., McKehon, J., McKinley, R., Meadows, I., Meadows, R. C., Medina, F., Medl, Medley, S., Meigh, S., Meigs, A. G., Meneses, L., Menmuir, S., Merrigan, I. R., Mertens, Ph., Meshchaninov, S., Messiaen, A., Meszaros, B., Meyer, H., Miano, G., Michling, R., Middleton-Gear, D., Miettunen, J., Migliucci, P., Militello-Asp, E., Minucci, S., Mirizzi, F., Miyoshi, Y., Mlynar, J., Monakhov, I., Monier-Garbet, P., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Mordijck, S., Moreira, L., Moreno, R., Morgan, P. D., Morgan, R., Morley, L., Morlock, C., Morris, A. W., Morris, J., Moser, L., Moulton, D., Murari, A., Muraro, A., Mustata, I., Asakura, N. N., Nabais, F., Nakano, T., Nardon, E., Naulin, V., Nave, M. F. F., Nedzelski, I., Neethiraj, N., Nemtsev, G., Nespoli, F., Neto, A., Neu, R., Neubauer, O., Newman, M., Nicholls, K. J., Nicolai, D., Nicolas, T., Nieckchen, P., Nielsen, P., Nightingale, M. P. S., Nilsson, E., Nishijima, D., Noble, C., Nocente, M., Nodwell, D., Nordman, H., Nunes, I., O'Meara, B., Oberkofler, M., Obryk, B., Odupitan, T., Ogawa, M. T., O'Gorman, T., Okabayashi, M., Olariu, S., O'Mullane, M., Ongena, J., Orsitto, F., Oswuigwe, B. I., Pace, N., Pacella, D., Page, A., Paget, A., Pagett, D., Pajuste, E., Palazzo, S., Pamela, J., Pamela, S., Panin, A., Panja, S., Papp, P., Parail, V., Paris, P., Parish, S. C. W., Park, M., Parsloe, A., Pasqualotto, R., Pearson, I. J., Pedrosa, M. A., Pereira, R., Perelli Cippo, E., Perez von Thun, Ch., Perez-Von-Thun, C., Pericoli-Ridolfini, V., Perona, A., Peruzzo, S., Peschanyi, S., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petravich, G., Petrzilka, V., Pfefferle, D., Philipps, V., Pietropaolo, A., Pillon, M., Pintsuk, G., Piovesan, P., Pires dos Reis, A., Pironti, A., Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Plusczyk, C., Plyusnin, V., Pomaro, N., Pompilian, O., Pool, P. J., Popovichev, S., Porcelli, F., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Pospieszczyk, A., Possnert, G., Potzel, S., Powell, T., Pozniak, K., Pozzi, J., Prajapati, V., Prakash, R., Prestopino, G., Price, D., Price, R., Prior, P., Prokopowicz, R., Proudfoot, R., Puglia, P., Puiatti, M. E., Pulley, D., Purahoo, K., Putterich, T., Quercia, A., Rachlew, E., Rack, M., Raeder, J., Rainford, M. S. J., Ramogida, G., Ranjan, S., Rasmussen, J., Rasmussen, J. J., Rathod, K., Ratta, G., Rayner, C., Rebai, M., Reece, D., Reed, A., Refy, D., Regan, B., Regana, J., Reich, M., Reid, P., Reinelt, M., Reinke, M. L., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Reiter, D., Rendell, D., Reux, C., Riccardo, V., Rimini, F. G., Riva, M., Roberts, J. E. C., Robins, R. J., Robinson, S. A., Robinson, T., Robson, D. W., Roddick, P., Rodionov, R., Rohde, V., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, M., Romanelli, S., Romano, A., Rowe, D., Rowe, S., Rowley, A., Rubinacci, G., Ruchko, L., Ruiz, M., Ruset, C., Ryc, L., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Sabot, R., Sadakov, S., Safi, E., Sagar, P., Saibene, G., Saint-Laurent, F., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salzedas, F., Samm, U., S, iford, D., quist, P., Santa, P., Santala, M. I. K., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Saunders, R., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Scarabosio, A., Schlummer, T., Schmidt, V., Schmitz, O., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Scholz, M., Schopf, K., Schweer, B., Sergienko, G., Serikov, A., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Shannon, M., Shannon, M. M. J., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, I., Shaw, S. R., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shumack, A., Sibbald, M., Sieglin, B., Silva, C., Simmons, P. A., Sinha, A., Sipila, S. K., Sips, A. C. C., Siren, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjostr, Skiba, M., Skilton, R., Slade, B., Smith, N., Smith, P. G., Smith, T. J., Snoj, L., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Soldatov, S., Sonato, P., Sopplesa, A., Sousa, J., Sowden, C. B. C., Sozzi, C., Sparkes, A., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Stables, G., Stamatelatos, I., Stamp, M. F., Stancalie, V., Stankiewicz, R., Stankunas, G., Stano, M., Stan-Sion, C., Starkey, D. E., Stead, M. J., Stejner, M., Stephen, A. V., Stephen, M., Stevens, B. D., Stoyanov, D., Strachan, J., Str, Stransky, M., Strom, P., Stubbs, G., Studholme, W., Subba, F., Summers, H. P., Sun, Y., Svensson, J., Sykes, N., Syme, B. D., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, G., Szydlowski, A., Suzuki, T. T., Tabares, F., Takalo, V., Tal, B., Tala, T., Talbot, A. R., Taliercio, C., Tamain, P., Tame, C., Tardocchi, M., Taroni, L., Taylor, K. A., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Terra, A., Testa, D., Teuchner, B., Tholerus, S., Thomas, F., Thomas, J. D., Thomas, P., Thompson, A., Thompson, C. -A., Thompson, V. K., Thomson, L., Thorne, L., Tigwell, P. A., Tipton, N., Tiseanu, I., Tojo, H., Tokar, M. Z., Tomes, M., Tonner, P., Tosti, S., Towndrow, M., Trimble, P., Tripsky, M., Tsalas, M., Tsitrone, E., Tskhakaya jun, D., Tudisco, O., Turner, I., Turner, M. M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyrrell, S. G. J., Ul-Abidin, Z., Ulyatt, D., Unterberg, B., Urano, H., Uytdenhouwen, I., Vadgama, A. P., Valcarcel, D., Valisa, M., Valovic, M., Van Eester, D., Van Renterghem, W., van Rooij, G. J., Var, as, C. A. F., Varoutis, S., Vartanian, S., Vasava, K., Vdovin, V., Vega, J., Verdoolaege, G., Verhoeven, R., Verona, C., Vervier, M., Veshchev, E., Vezinet, D., Vicente, J., Villari, S., Villone, F., Vinyar, I., Viola, B., Vitelli, R., Vitins, A., Vlad, M., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vondracek, P., Vrancken, M., Pires de Sa, W. W., Waldon, C. W. F., Walker, M., Walsh, M., Warren, R. J., Waterhouse, J., Watkins, N. W., Watts, C., Wauters, T., Way, M. W., Webster, A., Weckmann, A., Weil, Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wenninger, R., West, A. T., Wheatley, M. R., Whetham, S., Whitehead, A. M., Whitehead, B. D., Whittington, P., Widdowson, A. M., Wiesen, S., Wilkes, D., Wilkinson, J., Williams, M., Wilson, A. R., Wilson, D. J., Wilson, H. R., Wischmeier, M., Withenshaw, G., Witts, D. M., Wojciech, D., Wojenski, A., Wood, D., Wood, S., Woodley, C., Woznicka, U., Wright, J., Wu, J., Yao, L., Yapp, D., Yavorskij, V., Yoo, M. G., Yorkshades, J., Young, C., Young, D., Young, I. D., Zabolotny, W., Zacks, J., Zagorski, R., Zaitsev, F. S., Zanino, R., Zaroschi, V., Zastrow, K. D., Zeidner, W., Ziolkowski, A., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zychor, I., JET Contributors, Catarino, N., Barradas, N. P., Corregidor, V., Widdowson, A., Baron-Wiechec, A., Coad, J. P., Heinola, K., Rubel, M., Alves, E., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Aftanas, M., Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Aho-Mantila, L., Ahonen, E., Aints, M., Airila, M., Albanese, R., Alegre, D., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alfier, A., Alkseev, A., Allan, P., Almaviva, S., Alonso, A., Alper, B., Alsworth, I., Alves, D., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amosov, V., Andersson, F., Andersson Sunden, E., Angelone, M., Anghel, A., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Apruzzese, G., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arnich, Arnoux, G., Arshad, S., Ash, A., Asp, E., Asunta, O., Atanasiu, C. V., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M. D., Ayres, C., Bachmann, C., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Bailescu, V., Baiocchi, B., Baker, A., Baker, R. A., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bament, R., Banks, J. W., Baranov, Y. F., Barlow, I. L., Barnard, M. A., Barnes, D., Barnsley, R., Baron Wiechec, A., Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Bauer, R., Bauvir, B., Bazylev, B., Beal, J., Beaumont, P. 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A., Bucko, K., Budny, R., Buffer, Bulman, M., Bulmer, N., Bunting, P., Buratti, P., Burcea, G., Burckhart, A., Buscarino, A., Butcher, P. R., Butler, N. K., Bykov, I., Byrne, J., Byszuk, A., Cackett, A., Cahyna, P., Cain, G., Calabro, G., Callaghan, C. P., Campling, D. C., Cane, J., Cannas, B., Capel, A. J., Caputano, M., Card, P. J., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, I., Carvalho, P., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Cavazzana, R., Cavinato, M., Cazzaniga, A., Cecconello, M., Cecil, E., Cenedese, A., Centioli, C., Cesario, R., Challis, C. D., Ch, Ler, M., Ra, D., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, I. T., Chapman, S. C., Chernyshova, M., Chiru, P., Chitarin, G., Chouli, B., Chung, N., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Clairet, F., Clark, E., Clatworthy, D., Clay, R., Clever, M., Coates, P. A., Coccorese, V., Cocilovo, V., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I., Colas, L., Collins, S., Conboy, J. E., Conroy, S., Cook, N., Coombs, D., Cooper, D., Cooper, S. R., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Cortes, S., Coster, D., Couchman, A. S., Cox, M., Cox, M. P., Cox, P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Crisanti, F., Cristescu, I., Croci, G., Croft, O., Crombe, K., Crowe, R., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Cull, K., Cupido, L., Curran, D., Curuia, M., Czarnecka, A., Czarski, T., Dalley, S., Dalziel, A., Darrow, D., Davies, R., Davis, W., Day, C., Day, I. E., de la Cal, E., de la Luna, E., De Magistris, M., de Pablos, J. L., De Tommasi, G., de Vries, P. C., Deakin, K., Deane, J., Decker, J., Degli Agostini, F., Dejarnac, R., Delabie, E., den Harder, N., Dendy, R. O., Denner, P., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Maio, F., Di Pace, L., Dittmar, T., Dodt, D., Donne, T., Dooley, P., Dorling, S. E., Dormido-Canto, S., Doswon, S., Douai, D., Doyle, P. T., Dreischuh, T., Drewelow, P., Drozdov, V., Drozdowicz, K., Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Duran, I., Durodie, F., Dutta, P., Duval, B., Dux, R., Dylst, K., Dzysiuk, N., Edappala, P. V., Edwards, A. M., Eich, Th., Ekedahl, A., Elevant, T., El-Jorf, R., Elsmore, C. G., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, A., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, L. G., Esposito, B., Esser, H. G., Esteve, D., Evans, G. E., Evans, J., Ewart, G. D., Ewers, D. T., Fagan, D., Falie, D., Farthing, J. W., Fasoli, A., Fattorini, L., Faugeras, B., Faustin, J., Fawlk, N., Federici, G., Fedorczak, N., Felton, R. C., Fenzi, C., Fernades, A., Fern, Es, H., Ferreira, J., Fessey, J. A., Figini, L., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Fil, A., Finburg, P., Firdaouss, M., Fischer, U., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Fleming, C., Flinders, K., Formisano, A., Forsythe, L., Fortuna, L., Fortune, M., Frasca, M., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Frigione, D., Fuchs, V., Fyvie, J., Gadomska, M., Gal, K., Galperti, C., Galvao, R., Gao, X., Garavaglia, S., Garcia, J., Garcia-Carrasco, A., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gardner, M., Garzotti, L., Gaudio, P., Gauthier, E., Gaze, J. W., Gear, D. F., Gee, S. J., Gelfusa, M., Genangeli, E., Gerasimov, S., Gervasini, G., Ghate, M., Gherendi, M., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, C. S., Giegerich, T., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Girardo, J. B., Giroud, C., Giruzzi, G., Gleason-Gonzalez, C., Godwin, J., Gohil, P., Gojska, A., Goloborod'Ko, V., Gomes, R., Goncalves, B., Goniche, M., Gonzalez, S., Goodsell, B., Goodyear, A., Gorini, G., Goussarov, A., Graham, B., Graham, M. E., Graves, J., Grazier, N., Green, N. R., Greuner, H., Grigore, E., Griph, F. S., Grisolia, C., Grist, D., Groth, M., Grundy, C. N., Gryaznevich, M., Guard, D., Gubb, D., Guillemaut, C., Guo, Y., Utoh, H. H., Hackett, L. J., Hacquin, S., Hagar, A., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, S. J., Hallworth Cook, S. P., Hammond, K., Hart, J., Harting, D., Hartmann, N., Haupt, T. D. V., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkins, J., Haydon, P. W., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P. J. L., Hellesen, C., Hellsten, T., Helou, W., Hemming, O. N., Hender, T. C., Henderson, M., Henriques, R., Hepple, D., Hermon, G., Hidalgo, C., Highcock, E. G., Hill, J. W., Hill, M., Hillairet, J., Hillesheim, J., Hillis, D., Hjalmarsson, A., Hobirk, J., Hogben, C. H. A., Hogeweij, G. M. D., Homfray, D. A., Horacek, J., Horton, A. R., Horton, L. D., Hotchin, S. P., Hough, M. R., Howarth, P. J., Huber, A., Huddleston, T. M., Hughes, M., Hunter, C. L., Hurzlmeier, H., Huygen, S., Huynh, P., Igitkhanov, J., Iglesias, D., Imrisek, M., Ivanova, D., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Ivings, E., Jachmich, S., Jacobsen, A. S., Jacquet, P., Jakubowska, K., James, J., Janky, F., Jarvinen, A., Jaulmes, F., Jednorog, S., Jenkins, C., Jenkins, I., Jesko, K., Joffrin, E., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Joita, L., Jones, G., Jones, T. T. C., Joyce, L., Jupen, C., Hoshino, K. K., Kallenbach, A., Kalupin, D., Kamiya, K., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Karhunen, J., Kasprowicz, G., Kaveney, G., Kazakov, Y., Keeling, D. L., Keep, J., Kempenaars, M., Kennedy, C., Kenny, D., Khilkevich, E., Kiisk, M., Kim, H. -T., Kim, H. S., King, C., King, D., King, R. F., Kinna, D. J., Kiptily, V., Kirov, K., Kirschner, A., Kizane, G., Klepper, C., Knaup, M., Knipe, S. J., Kobuchi, T., Kochl, F., Kocsis, G., Kogut, D., Koivuranta, S., Koppen, M., Koskela, T., Koslowski, H. R., Kotov, V., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Kreter, A., Krieger, K., Krivchenkov, Y., Krivska, A., Kruezi, U., Ksiazek, I., Kukushkin, A., Kundu, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwon, O. T., Kyrytsya, V., Laan, M., Labate, C., Laguardia, L., Lam, N., Lane, C., Lang, P. T., Lapins, J., Lasa, A., Last, J. R., Lawson, A., Lawson, K. D., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, E., Lee, S., Leggate, H. J., Lehnen, M., Leichtle, D., Leichuer, P., Leipold, F., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Lerche, E., Leyl, Leysen, W., Liang, Y., Likonen, J., Lindholm, V., Linke, J., Linsmeier, Ch., Lipschultz, B., Litaudon, X., Liu, G., Liu, Y., Lo Schiavo, V. P., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lobel, R. C., Lohr, N., Lomas, P. J., Lonnroth, J., Lopez, J., Lopez, J. M., Louche, F., Loving, A. B., Lowbridge, S., Lowry, C., Luce, T., Lucock, R. M. A., Lukin, A., Lungu, A. M., Lungu, C. P., Lupelli, I., Lyssoivan, A., Macheta, P., Mackenzie, A. S., Maddaluno, G., Maddison, G. P., Magesh, B., Maget, P., Maggi, C. F., Maier, H., Mailloux, J., Maj, A., Makkonen, T., Makwana, R., Malaquias, A., Mansffield, F., Mansfield, M., Manso, M. E., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Manzanares, A., Mar, Et, Y., Marcenko, N., Marchetto, C., Marchuk, O., Marinelli, M., Marinucci, M., Markovic, T., Marocco, D., Marot, L., Marren, C. A., Marsen, S., Marshal, R., Martin, A., Martin, D. L., Martin, Y., Martin de Aguilera, A., Martin-Solis, J. R., Masiello, A., Maslov, M., Maslova, V., Matejcik, S., Mattei, M., Matthews, G. F., Matveev, D., Matveev, M., Maviglia, F., Mayer, M., Mayoral, M. -L., Mazon, D., Mazzotta, C., Mcadams, R., Mccarthy, P. J., Mcclements, K. G., Mccormick, K., Mccullen, P. A., Mcdonald, D., Mcgregor, R., Mckean, R., Mckehon, J., Mckinley, R., Meadows, I., Meadows, R. C., Medina, F., Medl, Medley, S., Meigh, S., Meigs, A. G., Meneses, L., Menmuir, S., Merrigan, I. R., Mertens, Ph., Meshchaninov, S., Messiaen, A., Meszaros, B., Meyer, H., Miano, G., Michling, R., Middleton-Gear, D., Miettunen, J., Migliucci, P., Militello-Asp, E., Minucci, S., Mirizzi, F., Miyoshi, Y., Mlynar, J., Monakhov, I., Monier-Garbet, P., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Mordijck, S., Moreira, L., Moreno, R., Morgan, P. D., Morgan, R., Morley, L., Morlock, C., Morris, A. W., Morris, J., Moser, L., Moulton, D., Murari, A., Muraro, A., Mustata, I., Asakura, N. N., Nabais, F., Nakano, T., Nardon, E., Naulin, V., Nave, M. F. F., Nedzelski, I., Neethiraj, N., Nemtsev, G., Nespoli, F., Neto, A., Neu, R., Neubauer, O., Newman, M., Nicholls, K. J., Nicolai, D., Nicolas, T., Nieckchen, P., Nielsen, P., Nightingale, M. P. S., Nilsson, E., Nishijima, D., Noble, C., Nocente, M., Nodwell, D., Nordman, H., Nunes, I., O'Meara, B., Oberkofler, M., Obryk, B., Odupitan, T., Ogawa, M. T., O'Gorman, T., Okabayashi, M., Olariu, S., O'Mullane, M., Ongena, J., Orsitto, F., Oswuigwe, B. I., Pace, N., Pacella, D., Page, A., Paget, A., Pagett, D., Pajuste, E., Palazzo, S., Pamela, J., Pamela, S., Panin, A., Panja, S., Papp, P., Parail, V., Paris, P., Parish, S. C. W., Park, M., Parsloe, A., Pasqualotto, R., Pearson, I. J., Pedrosa, M. A., Pereira, R., Perelli Cippo, E., Perez von Thun, Ch., Perez-Von-Thun, C., Pericoli-Ridolfini, V., Perona, A., Peruzzo, S., Peschanyi, S., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petravich, G., Petrzilka, V., Pfefferle, D., Philipps, V., Pietropaolo, A., Pillon, M., Pintsuk, G., Piovesan, P., Pires dos Reis, A., Pironti, A., Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Plusczyk, C., Plyusnin, V., Pomaro, N., Pompilian, O., Pool, P. J., Popovichev, S., Porcelli, F., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Pospieszczyk, A., Possnert, G., Potzel, S., Powell, T., Pozniak, K., Pozzi, J., Prajapati, V., Prakash, R., Prestopino, G., Price, D., Price, R., Prior, P., Prokopowicz, R., Proudfoot, R., Puglia, P., Puiatti, M. E., Pulley, D., Purahoo, K., Putterich, T., Quercia, A., Rachlew, E., Rack, M., Raeder, J., Rainford, M. S. J., Ramogida, G., Ranjan, S., Rasmussen, J., Rasmussen, J. J., Rathod, K., Ratta, G., Rayner, C., Rebai, M., Reece, D., Reed, A., Refy, D., Regan, B., Regana, J., Reich, M., Reid, P., Reinelt, M., Reinke, M. L., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Reiter, D., Rendell, D., Reux, C., Riccardo, V., Rimini, F. G., Riva, M., Roberts, J. E. C., Robins, R. J., Robinson, S. A., Robinson, T., Robson, D. W., Roddick, P., Rodionov, R., Rohde, V., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, M., Romanelli, S., Romano, A., Rowe, D., Rowe, S., Rowley, A., Rubinacci, G., Ruchko, L., Ruiz, M., Ruset, C., Ryc, L., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Sabot, R., Sadakov, S., Safi, E., Sagar, P., Saibene, G., Saint-Laurent, F., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salzedas, F., Samm, U., S, Iford, D., Quist, P., Santa, P., Santala, M. I. K., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Saunders, R., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Scarabosio, A., Schlummer, T., Schmidt, V., Schmitz, O., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Scholz, M., Schopf, K., Schweer, B., Sergienko, G., Serikov, A., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Shannon, M., Shannon, M. M. J., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, I., Shaw, S. R., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shumack, A., Sibbald, M., Sieglin, B., Silva, C., Simmons, P. A., Sinha, A., Sipila, S. K., Sips, A. C. C., Siren, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjostr, Skiba, M., Skilton, R., Slade, B., Smith, N., Smith, P. G., Smith, T. J., Snoj, L., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Soldatov, S., Sonato, P., Sopplesa, A., Sousa, J., Sowden, C. B. C., Sozzi, C., Sparkes, A., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Stables, G., Stamatelatos, I., Stamp, M. F., Stancalie, V., Stankiewicz, R., Stankunas, G., Stano, M., Stan-Sion, C., Starkey, D. E., Stead, M. J., Stejner, M., Stephen, A. V., Stephen, M., Stevens, B. D., Stoyanov, D., Strachan, J., Str, Stransky, M., Strom, P., Stubbs, G., Studholme, W., Subba, F., Summers, H. P., Sun, Y., Svensson, J., Sykes, N., Syme, B. D., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, G., Szydlowski, A., Suzuki, T. T., Tabares, F., Takalo, V., Tal, B., Tala, T., Talbot, A. R., Taliercio, C., Tamain, P., Tame, C., Tardocchi, M., Taroni, L., Taylor, K. A., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Terra, A., Testa, D., Teuchner, B., Tholerus, S., Thomas, F., Thomas, J. D., Thomas, P., Thompson, A., Thompson, C. -A., Thompson, V. K., Thomson, L., Thorne, L., Tigwell, P. A., Tipton, N., Tiseanu, I., Tojo, H., Tokar, M. Z., Tomes, M., Tonner, P., Tosti, S., Towndrow, M., Trimble, P., Tripsky, M., Tsalas, M., Tsitrone, E., Tskhakaya jun, D., Tudisco, O., Turner, I., Turner, M. M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyrrell, S. G. J., Ul-Abidin, Z., Ulyatt, D., Unterberg, B., Urano, H., Uytdenhouwen, I., Vadgama, A. P., Valcarcel, D., Valisa, M., Valovic, M., Van Eester, D., Van Renterghem, W., van Rooij, G. J., Var, As, C. A. F., Varoutis, S., Vartanian, S., Vasava, K., Vdovin, V., Vega, J., Verdoolaege, G., Verhoeven, R., Verona, C., Vervier, M., Veshchev, E., Vezinet, D., Vicente, J., Villari, S., Villone, F., Vinyar, I., Viola, B., Vitelli, R., Vitins, A., Vlad, M., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vondracek, P., Vrancken, M., Pires de Sa, W. W., Waldon, C. W. F., Walker, M., Walsh, M., Warren, R. J., Waterhouse, J., Watkins, N. W., Watts, C., Wauters, T., Way, M. W., Webster, A., Weckmann, A., Weil, Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wenninger, R., West, A. T., Wheatley, M. R., Whetham, S., Whitehead, A. M., Whitehead, B. D., Whittington, P., Widdowson, A. M., Wiesen, S., Wilkes, D., Wilkinson, J., Williams, M., Wilson, A. R., Wilson, D. J., Wilson, H. R., Wischmeier, M., Withenshaw, G., Witts, D. M., Wojciech, D., Wojenski, A., Wood, D., Wood, S., Woodley, C., Woznicka, U., Wright, J., Wu, J., Yao, L., Yapp, D., Yavorskij, V., Yoo, M. G., Yorkshades, J., Young, C., Young, D., Young, I. D., Zabolotny, W., Zacks, J., Zagorski, R., Zaitsev, F. S., Zanino, R., Zaroschi, V., Zastrow, K. D., Zeidner, W., Ziolkowski, A., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zychor, I., Jet, Contributors, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, and Department of Physics
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Nuclear engineering, Ion beam analysis, chemistry.chemical_element, Tungsten, 01 natural sciences, 114 Physical sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, 0103 physical sciences, Forensic engineering, 010306 general physics, Deposition, Plasma facing components, Jet (fluid), ITER-like wall, Divertor, JET, ITER-like wall, Plasma facing components, Erosion, Deposition, Ion beam analysis, Plasma, equipment and supplies, lcsh:TK9001-9401, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, respiratory tract diseases, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, JET, Erosion, lcsh:Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, Beryllium, Deposition (chemistry)
Abstract: Post-mortem analyses of individual components provide relevant information on plasma-surface interactions like tungsten erosion, beryllium deposition and plasma fuel retention with divertor tiles via implantation or co-deposition. Ion Beam techniques are ideal tools for such purposes and have been extensively used for post-mortem analyses of selected tiles from JET following each campaign. In this contribution results from tiles removed from the JET ITER-Like Wall (JET-ILW) divertor following the 2013-2014 campaign are presented. The results summarize erosion, deposition and fuel retention along the poloidal cross section of the divertor surface and provide data for comparison with the first JET-ILW campaign, showing a similar pattern of material migration with the exception of Tile 6 where the strike point time on the tile was similar to 4 times longer in 2013-2014 than in 2011-2012, which is likely to account for more material migration to this region. The W deposition on top of the Mo marker coating of Tile 4 shows that the enrichment takes place at the strike point location. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2016.10.027
Published: 2017

36. Structure, tritium depth profile and desorption from 'plasma-facing' beryllium materials of ITER-Like-Wall at JET

Author: Stefan Matejcik, Soare Sorin, Francesco Romanelli, Elina Pajuste, Emilio Blanco, Aigars Vitins, Bohdan Bieg, Vladislav Plyusnin, José Vicente, Alberto Loarte, Rajnikant Makwana, CHIARA MARCHETTO, Marco Wischmeier, Choong-Seock Chang, Ieva Igaune, Aneta Gójska, Manuel Garcia-munoz, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, and Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Thermal desorption spectroscopy, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Nuclear engineering, Joint European Torus, Analytical chemistry, Thermal desorption, chemistry.chemical_element, Fuel accumulation, Tritium, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, Desorption, 0103 physical sciences, NATURAL SCIENCES:Physics [Research Subject Categories], 010306 general physics, Jet (fluid), Chemistry, ITER-like wall, Plasma, ITER-Like-Wall, lcsh:TK9001-9401, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, respiratory tract diseases, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, cardiovascular system, lcsh:Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, Beryllium, Depth profile
Abstract: This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under grant agreement No 633053 . The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission., Tritium depth profile and its temperature programmed desorption rate were determined for selected samples cut out of beryllium tiles removed from the Joint European Torus vacuum vessel during the 2012 shut down. A beryllium dissolution method under controlled conditions was used to determine the tritium depth profile in the samples, whereas temperature programmed desorption experiments were performed to assess tritium release pattern. Released tritium was measured using a proportional gas flow detector. Prior to desorption and dissolution experiments, the plasma-facing surfaces of the samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Experimental results revealed that > 95% of the tritium was localized in the top 30 – 45 µm of the ‘plasma-facing’ surface, however, possible tritium presence up to 100 µm cannot be excluded. During temperature programmed desorption at 4.8 K/min in the flow of purge gas He + 0.1% H2 the tritium release started below 475 K, the most intense release occurred at 725 – 915 K and the degree of detritiation of > 91% can be obtained upon reaching 1075 K. The total tritium activity in the samples was in range of 2 – 32 kilo Becquerel per square centimetre of the plasma-facing surface area., Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under grant agreement No 633053; Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART²
Published: 2017

37. Structure, tritium depth profile and desorption from 'plasma-facing' beryllium materials of ITER-Like-Wall at JET

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Pajuste, E., Kizane, G., Vitins, A., Igaune, I., Avotina, L., Jet Contributors, García Muñoz, Manuel, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Pajuste, E., Kizane, G., Vitins, A., Igaune, I., Avotina, L., Jet Contributors, and García Muñoz, Manuel
Abstract: Tritium depth profile and its temperature programmed desorption rate were determined for selected samples cut out of beryllium tiles removed from the Joint European Torus vacuum vessel during the 2012 shut down. A beryllium dissolution method under controlled conditions was used to determine the tritium depth profile in the samples, whereas temperature programmed desorption experiments were performed to assess tritium release pattern. Released tritium was measured using a proportional gas flow detector. Prior to desorption and dissolution experiments, the plasma-facing surfaces of the samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Experimental results revealed that > 95% of the tritium was localized in the top 30 –45 μm of the ‘plasma-facing’ surface, however, possible tritium presence up to 100 μm cannot be excluded. During tem- perature programmed desorption at 4.8 K/min in the flow of purge gas He + 0.1% H 2 the tritium release started below 475 K, the most intense release occurred at 725 –915 K and the degree of detritiation of > 91% can be obtained upon reaching 1075 K. The total tritium activity in the samples was in range of 2 –32 kilo Becquerel per square centimetre of the plasma-facing surface area.
Published: 2017

38. An analytical expression for ion velocities at the wall including the sheath electric field and surface biasing for erosion modeling at JET ILW

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Borodkina, I., Borodin, D., Brezinsek, S., Kirschner, A., Tsvetkov, V., Jet Contributors, García Muñoz, Manuel, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Borodkina, I., Borodin, D., Brezinsek, S., Kirschner, A., Tsvetkov, V., Jet Contributors, and García Muñoz, Manuel
Abstract: For simulation of plasma-facing component erosion in fusion experiments, an analytical expression for the ion velocity just before the surface impact including the local electric field and an optional surface biasing effect is suggested. Energy and angular impact distributions and the resulting effective sputtering yields were produced for several experimental scenarios at JET ILW mostly involving PFCs exposed to an oblique magnetic field. The analytic solution has been applied as an improvement to earlier ERO mod- elling of localized, Be outer limiter, RF-enhanced erosion, modulated by toggling of a remote, however magnetically connected ICRH antenna. The effective W sputtering yields due to D and Be ion impact in Type-I and Type-III ELMs and inter-ELM conditions were also estimated using the analytical approach and benchmarked by spectroscopy. The intra-ELM W sputtering flux increases almost 10 times in comparison to the inter-ELM flux.
Published: 2017

39. Fuel inventory and deposition in castellated structures in JET-ILW

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Rubel, M., Petersson, P., Zhou, Y., Coad, J.P., Lungu, C., Jet Contributors, García Muñoz, Manuel, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Rubel, M., Petersson, P., Zhou, Y., Coad, J.P., Lungu, C., Jet Contributors, and García Muñoz, Manuel
Abstract: Since 2011 the JET tokamak has been operated with a metal ITER-like wall (JET-ILW) including castellated beryllium limiters and lamellae-type bulk tungsten tiles in the divertor. This has allowed for a large scale test of castellated plasma-facing components (PFC). Procedures for sectioning the limiters into single blocks of castellation have been developed. This facilitated morphology studies of morphology of surfaces inside the grooves for limiters after experimental campaigns 2011–2012 and 2013–2014. The deposition in the 0.4–0.5mm wide grooves of the castellation is ‘shallow’. It reaches 1–2mm into the 12mm deep gap. Deuterium concentrations are small (mostly below 1 × 1018 cm−2 ). The estimated total amount of deuterium in all the castellated limiters does not exceed the inventory of the plasma-facing surfaces (PFS) of the limiters. There are only traces of Ni, Cr and Fe deposited in the castellation gaps. The same applies to the carbon content. Also low deposition of D, Be and C has been measured on the sides of the bulk tungsten lamellae pieces. Modelling clearly reflects: (a) a sharp decrease in the measured deposition profiles and (b) an increase in deposition with the gap width. Both experimental and modelling data give a strong indication and information to ITER that narrow gaps in the castellated PFC are essential. X-ray diffraction on PFS has clearly shown two distinct composition patterns: Be with an admixture of Be–W intermetallic compounds (e.g. Be22W) in the deposition zone, whilst only pure Be has been detected in the erosion zone. The lack of compound formation in the erosion zone indicates that no distinct changes in the thermo-mechanical properties of the Be PFC might be expected.
Published: 2017

40. Fuel inventory and deposition in castellated structures in JET-ILW

Author: Rubel, M., Andersson Sundén, Erik, Binda, Federico, Cecconello, Marco, Conroy, Sean, Dzysiuk, Nataliia, Ericsson, Göran, Eriksson, Jacob, Hellesen, Carl, Hjalmarsson, Anders, Possnert, Göran, Sjöstrand, Henrik, Skiba, Mateusz, Weiszflog, Matthias, Zychor, I., Rubel, M., Andersson Sundén, Erik, Binda, Federico, Cecconello, Marco, Conroy, Sean, Dzysiuk, Nataliia, Ericsson, Göran, Eriksson, Jacob, Hellesen, Carl, Hjalmarsson, Anders, Possnert, Göran, Sjöstrand, Henrik, Skiba, Mateusz, Weiszflog, Matthias, and Zychor, I.
Abstract: Since 2011 the JET tokamak has been operated with a metal ITER-like wall (JET-ILW) including castellated beryllium limiters and lamellae-type bulk tungsten tiles in the divertor. This has allowed for a large scale test of castellated plasma-facing components (PFC). Procedures for sectioning the limiters into single blocks of castellation have been developed. This facilitated morphology studies of morphology of surfaces inside the grooves for limiters after experimental campaigns 2011-2012 and 2013-2014. The deposition in the 0.4-0.5 mm wide grooves of the castellation is 'shallow'. It reaches 1-2 mm into the 12 mm deep gap. Deuterium concentrations are small (mostly below 1 x 10(18) cm(-2)). The estimated total amount of deuterium in all the castellated limiters does not exceed the inventory of the plasma-facing surfaces (PFS) of the limiters. There are only traces of Ni, Cr and Fe deposited in the castellation gaps. The same applies to the carbon content. Also low deposition of D, Be and C has been measured on the sides of the bulk tungsten lamellae pieces. Modelling clearly reflects: (a) a sharp decrease in the measured deposition profiles and (b) an increase in deposition with the gap width. Both experimental and modelling data give a strong indication and information to ITER that narrow gaps in the castellated PFC are essential. X-ray diffraction on PFS has clearly shown two distinct composition patterns: Be with an admixture of Be-W intermetallic compounds (e. g. Be22W) in the deposition zone, whilst only pure Be has been detected in the erosion zone. The lack of compound formation in the erosion zone indicates that no distinct changes in the thermo-mechanical properties of the Be PFC might be expected., For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa6864
Published: 2017
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41. An analytical expression for ion velocities at the wall including the sheath electric field and surface biasing for erosion modeling at JET ILW

Author: Borodkina, I., Andersson Sundén, Erik, Asp, E., Binda, Federico, Cecconello, Marco, Conroy, Sean, Dzysiuk, Nataliia, Ericsson, Göran, Eriksson, Jacob, Hellesen, Carl, Hjalmarsson, Anders, Possnert, Göran, Sjöstrand, Henrik, Skiba, Mateusz, Weiszflog, Matthias, Zychor, I., Borodkina, I., Andersson Sundén, Erik, Asp, E., Binda, Federico, Cecconello, Marco, Conroy, Sean, Dzysiuk, Nataliia, Ericsson, Göran, Eriksson, Jacob, Hellesen, Carl, Hjalmarsson, Anders, Possnert, Göran, Sjöstrand, Henrik, Skiba, Mateusz, Weiszflog, Matthias, and Zychor, I.
Abstract: For simulation of plasma-facing component erosion in fusion experiments, an analytical expression for the ion velocity just before the surface impact including the local electric field and an optional surface biasing effect is suggested. Energy and angular impact distributions and the resulting effective sputtering yields were produced for several experimental scenarios at JET ILW mostly involving PFCs exposed to an oblique magnetic field. The analytic solution has been applied as an improvement to earlier ERO modelling of localized, Be outer limiter, RF-enhanced erosion, modulated by toggling of a remote, however magnetically connected ICRH antenna. The effective W sputtering yields due to D and Be ion impact in Type-I and Type-III ELMs and inter-ELM conditions were also estimated using the analytical approach and benchmarked by spectroscopy. The intra-ELM W sputtering flux increases almost 10 times in comparison to the inter-ELM flux. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license., For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2017.03.031
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

42. Studies of dust from JET with the ITER-Like Wall : Composition and internal structure

Author: Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Andersson Sundén, Erik, Asp, E., Binda, F., Cecconello, Marco, Conroy, Sean, Dzysiuk, N., Ericsson, Göran, Eriksson, Jacob, Hellesen, C., Hjalmarsson, Anders, Possnert, Göran, Sjöstrand, Henrik, Skiba, M., Weiszflog, Matthias, Zychor, I., Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Andersson Sundén, Erik, Asp, E., Binda, F., Cecconello, Marco, Conroy, Sean, Dzysiuk, N., Ericsson, Göran, Eriksson, Jacob, Hellesen, C., Hjalmarsson, Anders, Possnert, Göran, Sjöstrand, Henrik, Skiba, M., Weiszflog, Matthias, and Zychor, I.
Abstract: Results are presented for the dust survey performed at JET after the second experimental campaign with the ITER-Like Wall: 2013-2014. Samples were collected on adhesive stickers from several different positions in the divertor both on the tiles and on the divertor carrier. Brittle dust-forming deposits on test mirrors from the inner divertor wall were also studied. Comprehensive characterization accomplished by a wide range of high-resolution microscopy techniques, including focused ion beam, has led to the identification of several classes of particles: (i) beryllium flakes originating either from the Be coatings from the inner wall cladding or Be-rich mixed co-deposits resulting from material migration; (ii) beryllium droplets and splashes; (iii) tungsten and nickel-rich (from Inconel) droplets; (iv) mixed material layers with a various content of small (8-200 nm) W-Mo and Ni-based debris. A significant content of nitrogen from plasma edge cooling has been identified in all types of co-deposits. A comparison between particles collected after the first and second experimental campaign is also presented and discussed. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license., For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2016.11.027
Published: 2017
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43. Fine metal dust particles on the wall probes from JET-ILW

Author: Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Andersson Sundén, Erik, Binda, Federico, Cecconello, Marco, Conroy, Sean, Dzysiuk, Nataliia, Ericsson, Göran, Eriksson, Jacob, Hellesen, Carl, Hjalmarsson, Anders, Possnert, Göran, Sjöstrand, Henrik, Skiba, Mateusz, Weiszflog, Matthias, Zychor, I., Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Andersson Sundén, Erik, Binda, Federico, Cecconello, Marco, Conroy, Sean, Dzysiuk, Nataliia, Ericsson, Göran, Eriksson, Jacob, Hellesen, Carl, Hjalmarsson, Anders, Possnert, Göran, Sjöstrand, Henrik, Skiba, Mateusz, Weiszflog, Matthias, and Zychor, I.
Abstract: Collection and ex situ studies of dust generated in controlled fusion devices during plasma operation are regularly carried out after experimental campaigns. Herewith results of the dust survey performed in JET after the second phase of operation with the metal ITER-like wall (2013-2014) are presented. For the first-time-ever particles deposited on silicon plates acting as dust collectors installed in the inner and outer divertor have been examined. The emphasis is on analysing metal particles (Be and W) with the aim to determine their composition, size and surface topography. The most important is the identification of beryllium dust in the form of droplets (both splashes and spherical particles), flakes of co-deposits and small fragments of Be tiles. Tungsten and nickel rich (from Inconel) particles are also identified. Nitrogen from plasma edge cooling has been detected in all types of particles. They are categorized and the origin of various constituents is discussed., For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/aa8ddf
Published: 2017
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44. Analyses of microstructure, composition and retention of hydrogen isotopes in divertor tiles of JET with the ITER-like wall

Author: Masuzakil, S., Andersson Sundén, Erik, Binda, Federico, Cecconello, Marco, Conroy, Sean, Dzysiuk, Nataliia, Ericsson, Göran, Eriksson, Jacob, Hellesen, Carl, Hjalmarsson, Anders, Possnert, Göran, Sjöstrand, Henrik, Skiba, Mateusz, Weiszflog, Matthias, Zychor, I., Masuzakil, S., Andersson Sundén, Erik, Binda, Federico, Cecconello, Marco, Conroy, Sean, Dzysiuk, Nataliia, Ericsson, Göran, Eriksson, Jacob, Hellesen, Carl, Hjalmarsson, Anders, Possnert, Göran, Sjöstrand, Henrik, Skiba, Mateusz, Weiszflog, Matthias, and Zychor, I.
Abstract: Results of the comprehensive surface analyses of divertor tiles and dusts retrieved from JET after the first ITER-like wall campaign (2011-2012) are presented. The samples cored from the divertor tiles were analyzed. Numerous nano-size bubble-like structures were observed in the deposition layer on the apron of the inner divertor tile, and a beryllium dust with the same structures were found in the matter collected from the inner divertor after the campaign. This suggests that the nano-size bubble-like structures can make the deposition layer to become brittle and may lead to cracking followed by dust generation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of chemical states of species in the deposition layers identified the formation of beryllium-tungsten intermetallic compounds on an inner vertical tile. Different tritium retention profiles along the divertor tiles were observed at the top surfaces and at deeper regions of the tiles by using the imaging plate technique., For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/aa8bcc
Published: 2017
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45. Assessment of erosion, deposition and fuel retention in the JET-ILW divertor from ion beam analysis data

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Catarino, N., Barradas, N.P., Corregidor, V., Widdowson, A., Baron-Wiechec, A., Jet Contributors, García Muñoz, Manuel, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Catarino, N., Barradas, N.P., Corregidor, V., Widdowson, A., Baron-Wiechec, A., Jet Contributors, and García Muñoz, Manuel
Abstract: Post-mortem analyses of individual components provide relevant information on plasma-surface interac- tions like tungsten erosion, beryllium deposition and plasma fuel retention with divertor tiles via implan- tation or co-deposition. Ion Beam techniques are ideal tools for such purposes and have been extensively used for post-mortem analyses of selected tiles from JET following each campaign. In this contribution results from tiles removed from the JET ITER-Like Wall (JET-ILW) divertor follow- ing the 2013–2014 campaign are presented. The results summarize erosion, deposition and fuel retention along the poloidal cross section of the divertor surface and provide data for comparison with the first JET-ILW campaign, showing a similar pattern of material migration with the exception of Tile 6 where the strike point time on the tile was ∼4 times longer in 2013–2014 than in 2011–2012, which is likely to account for more material migration to this region. The W deposition on top of the Mo marker coating of Tile 4 shows that the enrichment takes place at the strike point location.
Published: 2017

46. Studies of dust from JET with the ITER-Like Wall: Composition and internal structure

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Fortuna Zalesna, E., Grzonka, J., Rubel, M., García Carrasco, A., Widdowson, A., Jet Contributors, García Muñoz, Manuel, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Fortuna Zalesna, E., Grzonka, J., Rubel, M., García Carrasco, A., Widdowson, A., Jet Contributors, and García Muñoz, Manuel
Abstract: Results are presented for the dust survey performed at JET after the second experimental campaign with the ITER-Like Wall: 2013–2014. Samples were collected on adhesive stickers from several different posi- tions in the divertor both on the tiles and on the divertor carrier. Brittle dust-forming deposits on test mirrors from the inner divertor wall were also studied. Comprehensive characterization accomplished by a wide range of high-resolution microscopy techniques, including focused ion beam, has led to the iden- tification of several classes of particles: (i) beryllium flakes originating either from the Be coatings from the inner wall cladding or Be-rich mixed co-deposits resulting from material migration; (ii) beryllium droplets and splashes; (iii) tungsten and nickel-rich (from Inconel) droplets; (iv) mixed material layers with a various content of small (8–200 nm) W-Mo and Ni-based debris. A significant content of nitrogen from plasma edge cooling has been identified in all types of co-deposits. A comparison between particles collected after the first and second experimental campaign is also presented and discussed.
Published: 2017

47. Impact of the JET ITER-like wall on H-mode plasma fueling

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Wiesen, S., Brezinsek, S., Wischmeier, M., Luna, E. de la, Groth, M., Jet Contributors, García Muñoz, Manuel, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Wiesen, S., Brezinsek, S., Wischmeier, M., Luna, E. de la, Groth, M., Jet Contributors, and García Muñoz, Manuel
Abstract: JET ITER-like wall (ILW) experiments show that the edge density evolution is strongly linked with the poloidal distribution of the ionization source. The fueling profile in the JET-ILW is more delocalized as compared to JET-C (JET with carbon-based plasma-facing components PFCs). Compared to JET-C the H-mode pedestal fueling cycle is dynamically influenced by a combination of plasma–wall interaction features, in particular: (1) edgelocalized modes (ELMs) induced energetic particles are kinetically reflected on W divertor PFCs leading to distributed refueling away from the divertor depending on the divertor plasma configuration, (2) delayed molecular re-emission and outgassing of particles being trapped in W PFCs (bulk-W at the high field side and W-coated CFCs at the low field side) with different fuel content and (3) outgassing from Be co-deposits located on top of the highfield side baffle region shortly after the ELM. In view of the results of a set of well diagnosed series of JET-ILW type-I ELMy H-mode discharges with good statistics, the aforementioned effects are discussed in view of H-mode pedestal fueling capacity. The ongoing modelling activities with the focus on coupled core-edge plasma simulations and plasma–wall interaction are described and discussed also in view of possible code improvements required.
Published: 2017

48. Investigation on the erosion/deposition processes in the ITER-like wall divertor at JET using glow discharge optical emission spectrometry technique

Subjects: glow discharge optical emision spectrometry, ta114, ITER-like wall, tungsten coatings
Published: 2016

49. Modelling of plasma-edge and plasma-wall interaction physics at JET with the metallic first-wall

Subjects: modelling, ta114, ITER-like wall, JET, power exhaust, integrated modelling, plasma-wall interaction
Published: 2016

50. Comparison of H-mode plasmas in JET-ILW and JET-C with and without nitrogen seeding

Author: C. F. Maggi, M.N.A. Beurskens, K. Lawson, M.F. Stamp, G. Corrigan, D. Harting, G. Maddison, A. E. Jaervinen, C. Giroud, Jet Contributors, Stéphane Devaux, S. Wiesen, P. Drewelow, Bruce Lipschultz, G. F. Matthews, S. Jachmich, David Moulton, A. Huber, P. Belo, M. Groth, S. Marsen, A. Meigs, S. Brezinsek, C. Marchetto, B. Sieglin, and JET Contributors
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, Effective radiated power, Radiation, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, divertor, 010306 general physics, Jet (fluid), ITER-like wall, power exhaust, Divertor, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, impurity seeding, High-confinement mode, chemistry, JET, Beryllium, Atomic physics
Abstract: In high confinement mode, highly shaped plasmas with edge localized modes in JET, and for heating power of 15–17 MW, the edge fluid code EDGE2D-EIRENE predicts transition to detachment assisted by nitrogen at the low field side (LFS) target when more than 50% of the power crossing the separatrix between ELMs is radiated in the divertor chamber, i.e. ~4 MW. This is observed both in the ITER-like wall (JET-ILW) and in the carbon wall (JET-C) configurations and is consistent with experimental observations within their uncertainty. In these conditions, peak heat fluxes below 1 MW m−2 are measured at the LFS target and predicted for both wall configurations. When the JET-C configuration is replaced with the JET-ILW, a factor of two reduction in the divertor radiated power and 25–50% increase in the peak and total power deposited to the LFS divertor plate is predicted by EDGE2D-EIRENE for unseeded plasmas similar to experimental observations. At the detachment threshold, EDGE2D-EIRENE shows that nitrogen radiates more than 80% of the total divertor radiation in JET-ILW with beryllium contributing less than a few %. With JET-C, nitrogen radiates more than 70% with carbon providing less than 20% of the total radiation. Therefore, the lower intrinsic divertor radiation with JET-ILW is compensated by stronger nitrogen radiation contribution in simulations leading to detachment at similar total divertor radiation fractions. 20–100% higher deuterium molecular fraction in the divertor recycling fluxes is predicted with light JET-C materials when compared to heavy tungsten. EDGE2D-EIRENE simulations indicate that the stronger molecular contribution can reduce the divertor peak power deposition in high recycling conditions by 10–20% due to enhanced power dissipation by molecular interaction.
Published: 2016
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