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Background: To evaluate retinal and choroidal vascular changes in cases with hyphema after blunt ocular trauma that did not cause globe rupture or any retinal pathology., Methods: This cross-sectional study included 29 patients who developed hyphema after unilateral blunt ocular trauma (BOT). The other healthy eyes of the same patients were evaluated as the control group. Optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) was used for imaging. In addition, choroidal parameters were compared by calculating the choroidal vascular index (CVI) and using choroidal thickness measurements by two independent researchers., Results: Superior and deep flow values were significantly decreased in the traumatic hyphema group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Parafoveal deep vascular density (parafoveal dVD) values were decreased in traumatized eyes compared to control eyes (p=0.000). Vascular density values were similar other than that. In addition, there was a significant decrease in optic disc blood flow (ODF) and optic nerve head density (ONHD) values compared to the control group (p<0.05). In addition, no significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of mean CVI values (p>0.05)., Conclusion: Non-invasive diagnostic tools such as OCTA and EDI-OCT can be used to detect and monitor early changes in retinal and choroidal microvascular flow in cases of traumatic hyphema., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Ocular tissue is highly sensitive to chemical exposures. Chloropicrin (CP), a choking agent employed during World War I and currently a popular pesticide and fumigating agent, is a potential chemical threat agent. Accidental, occupational, or intentional exposure to CP results in severe ocular injury, especially to the cornea; however, studies on ocular injury progression and underlying mechanisms in a relevant in vivo animal model are lacking. This has impaired the development of effective therapies to treat the acute and long-term ocular toxicity of CP. To study the in vivo clinical and biological effects of CP ocular exposure, we tested different CP exposure doses and durations in mice. These exposures will aid in the study of acute ocular injury and its progression as well as identify a moderate dose to develop a relevant rodent ocular injury model with CP. The left eyes of male BALB/c mice were exposed to CP (20% CP for 0.5 or 1 min or 10% CP for 1 min) using a vapor cap, with the right eyes serving as controls. Injury progression was evaluated for 25 days post-exposure. CP-exposure caused a significant corneal ulceration and eyelid swelling which resolved by day 14 post exposure. In addition, CP-exposure caused significant corneal opacity and neovascularization. Development of hydrops (severe corneal edema with corneal bullae) and hyphema (blood accumulation in the anterior chamber) was observed as advanced CP effects. Mice were euthanized at day 25 post-CP-exposure, and the eyes were harvested to further study the corneal injury. Histopathological analyses showed a significant CP-induced decrease in corneal epithelial thickness and increased stromal thickness with more pronounced damage, including stromal fibrosis, edema, neovascularization, trapped epithelial cells, anterior and posterior synechiae, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Loss of the corneal endothelial cells and Descemet's membrane could be associated with the CP-induced corneal edema and hydrops which could lead to long term term pathological conditions. Although exposure to 20% CP for 1 min caused more eyelid swelling, ulceration, and hyphema, similar effects were observed with all CP exposures. These novel findings following CP ocular exposure in a mouse model outline the corneal histopathologic changes that associate with the continuing ocular clinical effects. The data are useful in designing further studies to identify and correlate the clinical and biological markers of CP ocular injury progression with acute and long-term toxic effects on cornea and other ocular tissues. We take a crucial step towards CP ocular injury model development and in pathophysiological studies to identify molecular targets for therapeutic interventions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To describe vision-threatening complications after micropulse diode transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP-TSCPC)., Methods: Retrospective case series. Medical charts of patients who underwent MP-TSCPC and developed visually significant inflammation and hyphema after the procedure were reviewed. Patients were seen at the Upstate Medical University Ophthalmology clinic between 2017 and 2019., Results: Out of 64 patients who underwent MP-TSCPC in the defined time period, 2 patients with postprocedure severe inflammation and hyphema were identified. One patient had severe-stage primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). After MP-TSCPC, the patient was noted to have a large visually significant anterior chamber reaction and hyphema that occupied 80% of the anterior chamber on postprocedure day 1. The patient was treated with topical and oral corticosteroids, and topical atropine. The second patient had uncontrolled severe-stage POAG. The patient underwent MP-TSCPC. After the procedure, the patient was noted to have significant inflammation with fibrin and hyphema that filled 80% of the anterior chamber. The patient was treated with topical steroids., Conclusions: As with any intervention, complications are inevitable. Recognition of complications and its possible associations allow for better and more individualized risk versus benefit analysis of an intervention. In this case series, exuberant anterior segment inflammation and hyphema occurred in 2 patients who underwent MP-TSCPC. The authors' goal is to raise awareness of severe anterior chamber inflammation and hyphema as complications occurring after laser treatment with a reputation of minimal or no side-effect profile and to better understand this relatively new laser advancement in the treatment of glaucoma.

Introduction: Uveitis-Glaucoma-Hyphema syndrome (UGH) is caused by mechanical chafing of anterior segment structures by an intraocular lens, especially an anterior chamber lens. The objective of this study was to characterise the clinical course and risk factors of UGH syndrome at a time when posterior chamber implantation is the gold standard., Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 30 cases of UGH syndrome managed between January 2014 and September 2018. Data from the initial clinical examination, the type of implant involved and the clinical management were analysed., Results: Thirty eyes of 28 patients were included. Intra ocular lenses were iris-sutured (15/30, 50 %), in the bag (6/30, 20 %), scleral-fixated (4/30, 13.3 %), in the ciliary sulcus (3/30,10 %) or "in and out" (2/30, 6.7 %). Initial management was medical (18 eyes) or surgical (12 eyes). Surgical procedures were explantation (n=4), IOL repositioning (n=7) or trabeculectomy (n=1). Recurrences occurred with medical treatment (9/18), but not in the surgical group (p=0.02). Ocular hypertension became chronic in 19 cases out of 30 (63.3 %)., Conclusion: UGH syndrome can be caused by any type of pseudophakic lens. An intraocular lens in the bag should not rule out the diagnosis. Despite the decreasing popularity of anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, UGH syndrome remains a current condition and must be recognised in order to adapt therapeutic management., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

A 20-year-old, female Catalina macaw (Ara ararauna × Ara macao ) was presented with bilateral uveitis and hyphema. The hyphema initially improved with 0.12% prednisolone acetate ophthalmic drops (1 drop OU q4h for 7 days), but the hyphema recurred after the drops were tapered. The bird subsequently developed inappetance, weight loss, regurgitation, and lethargy and was euthanatized 24 days after initial presentation. Necropsy revealed marked splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, with significant mucosal ulcerations of the proventriculus and petechiation associated with both kidneys. Histopathologic examination revealed multicentric lymphoma, with neoplastic cells observed in ocular, splenic, hepatic, renal, proventricular, intestinal, pancreatic, and choanal tissue. Neoplastic lymphocytes effaced the iris, ciliary body, and the choroid of the eyes, and neoplastic lymphocytes were attached to the corneal endothelium and infiltrated the sclera, episclera, and conjunctivae. Immunohistochemical results indicated that the neoplastic lymphocytes were CD3(+) and CD79a(-), which is consistent with T-cell lymphoma.