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Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is the most common complication when premature birth occurs at less than 28 weeks gestational age. The general aim of this thesis is to explore the therapeutic potential of interventions in signaling pathways, involved in lung development and oxidative stress-induced lung injury, to prevent or attenuate BPD in a neonatal rat model, in which experimental BPD is induced by exposure to hyperoxia. The therapeutic potential of the targeting compounds of signaling pathways was investigated by studying their beneficial effects on contributing factors to severe experimental BPD pathology, including aberrant alveolar and vascular development, inflammation, fibrosis, coagulation, vascular remodeling, pulmonary arterial hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. We found ⑴angiotensin II type 2 receptor ligand PD123319 attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung and heart injury at a low dose in newborn rats; ⑵ Metformin attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats by reducing the inflammatory response; ⑶ Deficiency or inhibition of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 protects against hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats; ⑷Adult lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1-deficient rats with hyperoxia-induced neonatal chronic lung disease are protected against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury; ⑸ Bone morphogenetic protein 9 protects against neonatal hyperoxia-induced impairment of alveolarization and pulmonary inflammation.