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2. Experimental demonstration of multimode microresonator sensing by machine learning

Author

Lu, Jin, Niu, Rui, Wan, Shuai, Dong, Chun-Hua, Le, Zichun, Qin, Yali, Hu, Yingtian, Hu, Weisheng, Zou, Chang-Ling, and Ren, and Hongliang

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

A multimode microcavity sensor based on a self-interference microring resonator is demonstrated experimentally. The proposed multimode sensing method is implemented by recording wideband transmission spectra that consist of multiple resonant modes. It is different from the previous dissipative sensing scheme, which aims at measuring the transmission depth changes of a single resonant mode in a microcavity. Here, by combining the dissipative sensing mechanism and the machine learning algorithm, the multimode sensing information extracted from a broadband spectrum can be efficiently fused to estimate the target parameter. The multimode sensing method is immune to laser frequency noises and robust against system imperfection, thus our work presents a great step towards practical applications of microcavity sensors outside the research laboratory. The voltage applied across the microheater on the chip was adjusted to bring its influence on transmittance through the thermo-optic effects. As a proof-of-principle experiment, the voltage was detected by the multimode sensing approach. The experimental results demonstrate that the limit of detection of the multimode sensing by the general regression neural network is reduced to 6.7% of that of single-mode sensing within a large measuring range., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures

Published
2020
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3. Creation and Validation of a Novel Sex‐Specific Mortality Risk Score in LVAD Recipients

Author

Nayak, Aditi, Hu, Yingtian, Ko, Yi‐An, Steinberg, Rebecca, Das, Subrat, Mehta, Anurag, Liu, Chang, Pennington, John, Xie, Rongbing, Kirklin, James K, Kormos, Robert L, Cowger, Jennifer, Simon, Marc A, and Morris, Alanna A

Subjects
Rehabilitation, Bioengineering, Prevention, Cardiovascular, Assistive Technology, Hematology, Clinical Research, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Heart Failure, Heart-Assist Devices, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, ROC Curve, Registries, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Sex Distribution, Sex Factors, Survival Rate, United States, left ventricular assist device, mortality, prognosis, risk score, sex disparity, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology
Abstract

Background Prior studies have shown that women have worse 3-month survival after receiving a left ventricular assist device compared with men. Currently used prognostic scores, including the Heartmate II Risk Score, do not account for the increased residual risk in women. We used the IMACS (International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support) registry to create and validate a sex-specific risk score for early mortality in left ventricular assist device recipients. Methods and Results Adult patients with a continuous-flow LVAD from the IMACS registry were randomly divided into a derivation cohort (DC; n=9113; 21% female) and a validation cohort (VC; n=6074; 21% female). The IMACS Risk Score was developed in the DC to predict 3-month mortality, from preoperative candidate predictors selected using the Akaike information criterion, or significant sex × variable interaction. In the DC, age, cardiogenic shock at implantation, body mass index, blood urea nitrogen, bilirubin, hemoglobin, albumin, platelet count, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, tricuspid regurgitation, dialysis, and major infection before implantation were retained as significant predictors of 3-month mortality. There was significant ischemic heart failure × sex and platelet count × sex interaction. For each quartile increase in IMACS risk score, men (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; 95% CI, 1.74-2.00; P

Published
2021

11. Abstract 13149: Mental Stress-Induced Hemodynamic Changes and Cardiovascular Outcomes

Author

Cheung, Brian, Almuwaqqat, Zakaria, Kim, Jeong Hwan, Hammadah, Muhammad, Shah, Amit J, Ko, Yi-An, elon, lisa, Sullivan, Samaah, Shah, Anish, Alkhoder, Ayman, Lima, Bruno B, Pearce, Brad, Ward, Laura, Kutner, Michael, Hu, Yingtian, Lewis, Tene T, Garcia, Ernest V, Nye, Jonathon A, Sheps, David, Raggi, Paolo, Bremner, James Douglas, Vaccarino, Viola, and Quyyumi, Arshed A

Published
2022
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18. Repeated rectal application of a hyperosmolar lubricant is associated with microbiota shifts but does not affect PrEP drug concentrations: results from a randomized trial in men who have sex with men

Author

Haaland, Richard E., Fountain, Jeffrey, Hu, Yingtian, Holder, Angela, Dinh, Chuong, Hall, LaShonda, Pescatore, Nicole A., Heeke, Sheila, Hart, Clyde E., Xu, Jiahui, Hu, Yi-Juan, and Kelley, Colleen F.

Subjects
Prophylaxis -- Methods, HIV infections -- Risk factors -- Prevention, MSM (Men who have sex with men) -- Health aspects -- Physiological aspects, Lubricating creams (Personal products) -- Health aspects -- Physiological aspects, Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) -- Health aspects, Tenofovir -- Dosage and administration -- Physiological aspects, Health
Abstract

Introduction: Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) is highly effective in preventing HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM). The effects of consistent personal lubricant use in the rectum on tissue PrEP drug concentrations and the rectal microbiota are unknown. We investigated rectal PrEP drug concentrations and the microbiota in MSM before and after repeated rectal application of a hyperosmolar lubricant. Methods: We randomized 60 HIV-negative MSM to apply 4 mL of hyperosmolar rectal lubricant daily (n = 20), take daily oral TDF/FTC (n = 19), or both (n = 21) for seven days. Blood, rectal biopsies and rectal secretions were collected via rigid sigmoidoscopy before and on day 8 after product use. Tenofovir (TFV) and FTC as well as their intracellular metabolites tenofovirdiphosphate (TFV-DP), FTC-triphosphate (FTC-TP) were measured by HPLC-mass spectrometry. Rectal mucosal microbiota was sequenced with 16S rRNA sequencing using Illumina MiSeq. Results: Seven days of lubricant application was not associated with differences in PrEP drug concentrations in rectal tissue or secretions. Lubricant use was associated with a decrease in the relative abundance of the Bacteroides genus (p = 0.01) and a non-significant increase in the Prevotella genus (p = 0.09) in the rectum. PrEP drug concentrations in rectal tissue and secretions were not associated with microbiota composition or diversity either before or after lubricant use. Conclusions: Repeated rectal application of a hyperosmolar lubricant does not affect mucosal PrEP drug concentrations but is associated with changes in the rectal microbiome. Keywords: lubricant; men who have sex with men; pre-exposure prophylaxis; anti-retroviral agents; HIV; gut microbiota, 1 | INTRODUCTION Daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) is highly effective in preventing HIV infection, particularly among men who have sex with [...]

Published
2018
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20. A Distributed and Parallel Accelerator Design for 3-D Acoustic Imaging on FPGA-Based Systems

Author

Zhao, Dongdong, Mao, Weibo, Chen, Peng, Hu, Yingtian, Liang, Haoran, Dang, Yuanjie, Liang, Ronghua, and Guo, Xinxin

Abstract

3-D imaging sonar is crucial in the exploration of marine resources, and the development of portable device with high-imaging quality and high-real-time performance is the general trend. However, traditional framework methods are limited by the huge amount of computation brought by high-quality imaging, making it difficult to implement in engineering. To address this issue, we develop 3-D real-time sonar system in an algorithm-hardware co-designed way. An ultrawideband distributed and parallel subarray beamforming algorithm (UWB-DPS) is proposed for 3-D acoustic imaging. This is a multistage array time-frequency beamforming method under a distributed parallel computing architecture. Based on this, we propose field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based accelerator. It divides a large sonar receiving planar array into multiple parallel subarrays, and complete the beamforming in two stages, which can reduce the calculation load and speeds up 3-D imaging. For engineering implementation, we optimized the sparseness of the planar transducer array, with a sparse rate as high as 97.7%. The experimental results show that the calculation amount of the proposed UWB-DPS algorithm is reduced to 1/5.7 of the traditional framework algorithm, the imaging performance is effectively improved, and the FPGA-based accelerator outperforms the CPU software implementation by 935 $\times $ .

Published
2024
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21. Sample Generation Method Based on Variational Modal Decomposition and Generative Adversarial Network (VMD–GAN) for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Detection Using Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy.

Author

Hu, Yingtian, Dai, Bin, Yang, Yujing, Zhao, Dongdong, and Ren, Hongliang

Subjects
*GENERATIVE adversarial networks, *OPTICAL spectroscopy, *CHEMICAL oxygen demand, *ABSORPTION spectra, *WATER sampling
Abstract

Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy can realize the detection of chemical oxygen demand (COD), especially for low concentration levels due to its high sensitivity, but the issue of insufficient real water sample data has always been a challenge owing to the low probability of occurrence of actual water pollution events. However, in existing methods, generated absorption spectra do not conform to actual situations as the former neglect the actual spectral characteristics. On the other hand, the diversity and complexity are restricted because the information in one-dimensional data is not enough for direct spectral generation. This study proposed a spectral sample generation method based on the variational modal decomposition and generative adversarial network (VMD–GAN). First, the VMD algorithm was utilized to separate principal components and residuals of absorption spectra. Among them, the GAN was used to generate new principal components to ensure that the major spectral characteristics of actual water samples are not lost. The corresponding residuals were then obtained by adjusting the parameters of a three-order Gaussian fitting function, which is more beneficial than the direct use of GAN in the aspect of diversity and complexity. Based on the spectral reconstruction with new principal components and residuals, various absorption spectra were generated more coincident with actual situations. Finally, the effectiveness of this method was evaluated by establishing regression models and predicting COD for actual water samples. In all, the insufficient water sample data can be expanded for a better performance in modeling and analysis of water pollution using the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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22. Abstract P407: Sex Differences in Microvascular Response to Mental Stress and Adverse Cardiovascular Events Among Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease

Author

Sullivan, Samaah, primary, Young, An, additional, Garcia, Mariana, additional, Almuwaqqat, Zakaria, additional, Moazzami, Kasra, additional, Hammadah, Muhammad, additional, Lima, Bruno B, additional, Hu, Yingtian, additional, Alkhalaf, Mhmtjamil, additional, Jajeh, Mohamad Nour, additional, Alkhoder, Ayman, additional, Elon, Lisa, additional, Lewis, Tene T, additional, Shah, Amit J, additional, Mehta, Puja K, additional, Bremner, J Douglas, additional, Quyyumi, Arshed A, additional, and Vaccarino, Viola, additional

Published
2023
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24. Impact of experimental bias on compositional analysis of microbiome data

Author

Hu, Yingtian, Satten, Glen A., and Hu, Yi-Juan

Subjects
Article
Abstract

Microbiome data are subject to experimental bias that is caused by DNA extraction, PCR amplification among other sources, but this important feature is often ignored when developing statistical methods for analyzing microbiome data. McLaren, Willis and Callahan (2019) proposed a model for how such bias affects the observed taxonomic profiles, which assumes main effects of bias without taxon-taxon interactions. Our newly developed method, LOCOM (logistic regression for compositional analysis) for testing differential abundance of taxa, is the first method that accounted for experimental bias and is robust to the main effect biases. However, there is also evidence for taxon-taxon interactions. In this report, we formulated a model for interaction biases and used simulations based on this model to evaluate the impact of interaction biases on the performance of LOCOM as well as other available compositional analysis methods. Our simulation results indicated that LOCOM remained robust to a reasonable range of interaction biases. The other methods tended to have inflated FDR even when there were only main effect biases. LOCOM maintained the highest sensitivity even when the other methods cannot control the FDR. We thus conclude that LOCOM outperforms the other methods for compositional analysis of microbiome data considered here.

Published
2023

29. A Multimodal Multilevel Neuroimaging Model for Investigating Brain Connectome Development

Author

Hu, Yingtian, Zeydabadinezhad, Mahmoud, Li, Longchuan, and Guo, Ying

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Article
Abstract

Recent advancements of multimodal neuroimaging such as functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion MRI (dMRI) offers unprecedented opportunities to understand brain development. Most existing neurodevelopmental studies focus on using a single imaging modality to study microstructure or neural activations in localized brain regions. The developmental changes of brain network architecture in childhood and adolescence are not well understood. Our study made use of dMRI and resting-state fMRI imaging data sets from Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) study to characterize developmental changes in both structural as well as functional brain connectomes. A multimodal multilevel model (MMM) is developed and implemented in PNC study to investigate brain maturation in both white matter structural connection and intrinsic functional connection. MMM addresses several major challenges in multimodal connectivity analysis. First, by using a first-level data generative model for observed measures and a second-level latent network modeling, MMM effectively infers underlying connection states from noisy imaging-based connectivity measurements. Secondly, MMM models the interplay between the structural and functional connections to capture the relationship between different brain connectomes. Thirdly, MMM incorporates covariate effects in the network modeling to investigate network heterogeneity across subpopoulations. Finally, by using a module-wise parameterization based on brain network topology, MMM is scalable to whole-brain connectomics. MMM analysis of the PNC study generates new insights in neurodevelopment during adolescence including revealing the majority of the white fiber connectivity growth are related to the cognitive networks where the most significant increase is found between the default mode and the executive control network with a 15% increase in the probability of structural connections. We also uncover functional connectome development mainly derived from global functional integration rather than direct anatomical connections. To the best of our knowledge, these findings have not been reported in the literature using multimodal connectomics. Supplementary materials for this article, including a standardized description of the materials available for reproducing the work, are available as an online supplement.

Published
2022
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31. Abstract P184: Racial Differences In Mental Stress-induced Transient Endothelial Dysfunction And Its Association With Cardiovascular Outcomes

Author

Okoh, Alexis K, primary, Young, An, additional, Garcia, Mariana, additional, Sullivan, Samaah, additional, Almuwaqqat, Zakaria, additional, Hu, Yingtian, additional, Liu, Chang, additional, Moazzami, Kasra, additional, Uphoff, Irina, additional, Lima, Bruno B, additional, Ko, Yi-An, additional, Shah, Amit J, additional, Bremner, James Douglas, additional, Lewis, Tene T, additional, Quyyumi, Arshed A, additional, and Vaccarino, Viola, additional

Published
2022
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34. Abstract 12208: Ecological Analysis of the Temporal Trends in the Association of Social Vulnerability and Race/Ethnicity With County-Level COVID-19 Incidence and Outcomes in the United States

Author

Islam, Shabatun, primary, Nayak, Aditi, additional, Hu, Yingtian, additional, Mehta, Anurag, additional, Dieppa, Katherine, additional, Almuwaqqat, Zakaria, additional, Ko, Yi-An, additional, Patel, Shivani, additional, Goyal, Abhinav, additional, Sullivan, Samaah, additional, Lewis, Tene, additional, Vaccarino, Viola, additional, Morris, Alanna A, additional, and Quyyumi, Arshed A, additional

Published
2021
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35. Association of Mental Stress–Induced Myocardial Ischemia With Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease

Author

Vaccarino, Viola, primary, Almuwaqqat, Zakaria, additional, Kim, Jeong Hwan, additional, Hammadah, Muhammad, additional, Shah, Amit J., additional, Ko, Yi-An, additional, Elon, Lisa, additional, Sullivan, Samaah, additional, Shah, Anish, additional, Alkhoder, Ayman, additional, Lima, Bruno B., additional, Pearce, Brad, additional, Ward, Laura, additional, Kutner, Michael, additional, Hu, Yingtian, additional, Lewis, Tené T., additional, Garcia, Ernest V., additional, Nye, Jonathon, additional, Sheps, David S., additional, Raggi, Paolo, additional, Bremner, J. Douglas, additional, and Quyyumi, Arshed A., additional

Published
2021
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38. Temporal trends in the association of social vulnerability and race/ethnicity with county-level COVID-19 incidence and outcomes in the USA: an ecological analysis

Author

Islam, Shabatun J, primary, Nayak, Aditi, additional, Hu, Yingtian, additional, Mehta, Anurag, additional, Dieppa, Katherine, additional, Almuwaqqat, Zakaria, additional, Ko, Yi-An, additional, Patel, Shivani A, additional, Goyal, Abhinav, additional, Sullivan, Samaah, additional, Lewis, Tené T, additional, Vaccarino, Viola, additional, Morris, Alanna A, additional, and Quyyumi, Arshed A, additional

Published
2021
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39. Vaginal Microbiome and Intravaginal Practices in Postmenopausal Women

Author

Daniel, Gaea A., Hu, Yingtian, Tsementzi, Despina, Jhaney, C. Ileen, Hu, Yi-Juan, Yeager, Katherine A., Bai, Jinbing, Dolan, Mary, and Bruner, Deborah W.

Subjects
Georgia, Microbiota, Surveys and Questionnaires, Vagina, Humans, Female, Pilot Projects, Menopause, Middle Aged, Article, Aged
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that intravaginal practices (IVPs) women use to cleanse their vagina or enhance sexual pleasure may be associated with unhealthy changes in the vaginal microbiome (VM). However, the effects of these practices in postmenopausal women are unknown. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this pilot study was to characterize the VM communities of postmenopausal women, identify types and frequency of IVPs, and explore associations between the VM and IVPs in postmenopausal women. METHODS: We analyzed the VM data of 21 postmenopausal women in Atlanta, Georgia, from vaginal swabs collected at a routine gynecological visit. 16S rRNA gene sequencing in the V3–V4 region was used to characterize the VM. In Addition, we described the intravaginal practices of these women, identified by using our newly developed instrument: the Vaginal Cleansing Practices questionnaire. The associations between the VM and intravaginal practices were explored by comparing the alpha diversities, beta diversities, and the relative abundances at both the community level and individual genus level. RESULTS: The most abundant known bacterial genus found in the VM samples was Lactobacillus (35.7%), followed by Prevotella (21.4%). Eleven women (52%) reported using at least one type of intravaginal practice since menopause. The most common type of intravaginal practice was soap and water to clean inside the vagina. The use of intravaginal practices was not associated with any alpha diversity metric, including Shannon Index, Inverse Simpson Index, and Chao1 Index; beta diversity metric, including Bray-Curtis and Jaccard distances; nor relative abundances at the community and individual genus level. Sociodemographic factors were also not to be associated with any alpha diversity metric. DISCUSSION: Clinicians must assess intravaginal practices and other vaginal and sexual hygiene practices of women of all ages to educate and promote healthy behaviors. More than half of the postmenopausal women in this pilot study use intravaginal practices. Understanding the reasoning behind participants’ use of intravaginal practices and their perceptions of the possible effects of these practices will require further research. While the small sample did not show associations with the VM, more extensive studies are warranted.

Published
2021

41. Ecological Analysis of the Temporal Trends in the Association of Social Vulnerability and Race/Ethnicity with County-Level COVID-19 Incidence and Outcomes in the United States

Author

Islam, Shabatun J., primary, Nayak, Aditi, additional, Hu, Yingtian, additional, Mehta, Anurag, additional, Dieppa, Katherine, additional, Almuwaqqat, Zakaria, additional, Ko, Yi-An, additional, Patel, Shivani A., additional, Goyal, Abhinav, additional, Sullivan, Samaah, additional, Lewis, Tené T., additional, Vaccarino, Viola, additional, Morris, Alanna A., additional, and Quyyumi, Arshed A., additional

Published
2021
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46. Association of Early-Life Trauma and Risk of Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Young and Middle-aged Individuals With a History of Myocardial Infarction

Author

Almuwaqqat, Zakaria, primary, Wittbrodt, Matthew, additional, Young, An, additional, Lima, Bruno B., additional, Hammadah, Muhammad, additional, Garcia, Mariana, additional, Elon, Lisa, additional, Pearce, Bradley, additional, Hu, Yingtian, additional, Sullivan, Samaah, additional, Mehta, Puja K., additional, Driggers, Emily, additional, Kim, Ye Ji, additional, Lewis, Tene` T., additional, Suglia, Shakira F., additional, Shah, Amit J., additional, Bremner, J. Douglas, additional, Quyyumi, Arshed A., additional, and Vaccarino, Viola, additional

Published
2021
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