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138 results on '"Hsieh, F."'

1. Using Conditional Entropy Networks of Ordinal Measures to Examine Changes in Self-Worth Among Adolescent Students in High School

Author

Furfaro, E, Hsieh, F, Weiss, M, Ferrer, E, Furfaro E., Hsieh F., Weiss M. R., Ferrer E., Furfaro, E, Hsieh, F, Weiss, M, Ferrer, E, Furfaro E., Hsieh F., Weiss M. R., and Ferrer E.

Abstract

We implement an analytic approach for ordinal measures and we use it to investigate the structure and the changes over time of self-worth in a sample of adolescents students in high school. We represent the variations in self-worth and its various sub-domains using entropy-based measures that capture the observed uncertainty. We then study the evolution of the entropy across four time points throughout a semester of high school. Our analytic approach yields information about the configuration of the various dimensions of the self together with time-related changes and associations among these dimensions. We represent the results using a network that depicts self-worth changes over time. This approach also identifies groups of adolescent students who show different patterns of associations, thus emphasizing the need to consider heterogeneity in the data.

Published
2024

3. Ordinal Conditional Entropy Displays Reveal Intrinsic Characteristics of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale

Author

Furfaro, E, Hsieh, F, Furfaro E., Hsieh F., Furfaro, E, Hsieh, F, Furfaro E., and Hsieh F.

Abstract

Individual subjects’ ratings neither are metric nor have homogeneous meanings, consequently digital- labeled collections of subjects’ ratings are intrinsically ordinal and categorical. However, in these situations, the literature privileges the use of measures conceived for numerical data. In this paper, we discuss the exploratory theme of employing conditional entropy to measure degrees of uncertainty in responding to self-rating questions and that of displaying the computed entropies along the ordinal axis for visible pattern recognition. We apply this theme to the study of an online dataset, which contains responses to the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. We report three major findings. First, at the fine scale level, the resultant multiple ordinal-display of response-vs-covariate entropy measures reveals that the subjects on both extreme labels (high self-esteem and low self-esteem) show distinct degrees of uncertainty. Secondly, at the global scale level, in responding to positively posed questions, the degree of uncertainty decreases for increasing levels of self-esteem, while, in responding to negative questions, the degree of uncertainty increases. Thirdly, such entropy-based computed patterns are preserved across age groups. We provide a set of tools developed in R that are ready to implement for the analysis of rating data and for exploring pattern-based knowledge in related research.

Published
2023

9. Endurance > 1011 Cycling of 3D GAA Nanosheet Ferroelectric FET with Stacked HfZrO2 to Homogenize Corner Field Toward Mitigate Dead Zone for High-Density eNVM

Author

Liao, C.-Y., primary, Hsiang, K.-Y., additional, Lou, Z. -F., additional, Tseng, H.-C., additional, Lin, C.-Y., additional, Li, Z.-X., additional, Hsieh, F.-C., additional, Wang, C.-C., additional, Chang, F.-S., additional, Ray, W.-C., additional, Tseng, Y.-Y., additional, Chang, S. T., additional, Chen, T.-C., additional, and Lee, M. H., additional

Published
2022
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12. Bilayer-Based Antiferroelectric HfZrO2 Tunneling Junction With High Tunneling Electroresistance and Multilevel Nonvolatile Memory

Author

Hsiang, K.-Y., primary, Liao, C.-Y., additional, Liu, J.-H., additional, Wang, J.-F., additional, Chiang, S.-H., additional, Chang, S.-H., additional, Hsieh, F.-C., additional, Liang, H., additional, Lin, C.-Y., additional, Lou, Z.-F., additional, Hou, T.-H., additional, Liu, C. W., additional, and Lee, M. H., additional

Published
2021
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13. Unipolar Switching based Antiferroelectric HfZrO2 Diode beyond Endurance > 1011 Cycles with Low Operation Voltage for FeRAM Application

Author

Hsiang, Kuo-Yu, primary, Liao, C.-Y., additional, Lin, Y.-Y., additional, Liu, J.-H., additional, Chang, S.-H., additional, Hsieh, F.-C., additional, Chiang, S.-H., additional, Liang, H., additional, Lin, C.-Y., additional, Lou, Z.-F., additional, Chen, T.-C., additional, Chang, C.-S., additional, and Lee, M. H., additional

Published
2021
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15. CRISPR screens for lipid regulators reveal a role for ER-bound SNX13 in lysosomal cholesterol export

Author

Carlos Enrich, Hsieh F, Pfeffer, and Albert Lu

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemistry, Cholesterol, CRISPR, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Cholesterol export, NPC1, Phosphate, Gene, Function (biology), Cell biology, Negative regulator
Abstract

We report here two genome-wide CRISPR screens carried out to identify genes that when knocked out, alter levels of lysosomal cholesterol or bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate. In addition, these screens were also carried out under conditions of NPC1 inhibition to identify modifiers of NPC1 function in lysosomal cholesterol export. The screens confirm tight co- regulation of cholesterol and bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate levels in cells, and reveal an unexpected role for the ER-localized, SNX13 protein as a negative regulator of lysosomal cholesterol export. In the absence of NPC1 function, SNX13 knockout decreases lysosomal cholesterol, and is accompanied by triacylglycerol-rich lipid droplet accumulation and increased lysosomal bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate. These experiments provide unexpected insight into the regulation of lysosomal lipids and modification of these processes by novel gene products.SUMMARYGenome-wide CRISPR screens carried out with and without NPC1 function identify shared pathways that coordinately control lysosomal cholesterol and bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate. ER-localized SNX13 protein plays an unexpected regulatory role in modifying NPC1 function to regulate cellular cholesterol localization.

Published
2021

16. Identical Pulse Programming Based Ultra-Thin 5 nm HfZrO2 Ferroelectric Field Effect Transistors with High Conductance Ratio and Linearity Potentiation Learning Trajectory

Author

Liao, C.-Y., primary, Hsiang, K.-Y., additional, Chang, S.-H., additional, Chiang, S.-H., additional, Hsieh, F.-C., additional, Liu, J.-H., additional, Liang, H., additional, Luo, Z.-F., additional, Lin, C.-Y., additional, Chen, L.-Y., additional, Hu, V. P.-H., additional, and Lee, M. H., additional

Published
2021
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19. Double Layers Omega FETs with Ferroelectric HfZrO2 for One-Transistor Memory

Author

Chen, K.-T., primary, Lo, C., additional, Lin, Y.-Y., additional, Chueh, C.-Y., additional, Chang, C., additional, Siang, G.-Y., additional, Tseng, Y.-J., additional, Yang, Y.-J., additional, Hsieh, F.-C., additional, Chang, S.-H., additional, Liang, H., additional, Chiang, S.-H., additional, Liu, J.-H., additional, Lin, Y.-D., additional, Yeh, P.-C., additional, Wang, C.-Y., additional, Yang, H.-Y., additional, Tzeng, P.-J., additional, Liao, M.-H., additional, Chang, S. T., additional, Tseng, Y.-Y., additional, and Lee, M. H., additional

Published
2020
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20. Bi-directional Sub-60mV/dec, Hysteresis-Free, Reducing Onset Voltage and High Speed Response of Ferroelectric-AntiFerroelectric Hf0.25Zr0.75O2 Negative Capacitance FETs

Author

Lee, M. H., primary, Chen, K.-T., additional, Liao, C.-Y., additional, Siang, G.-Y., additional, Lo, C., additional, Chen, H.-Y., additional, Tseng, Y.-J., additional, Chueh, C.-Y., additional, Chang, C., additional, Lin, Y.-Y., additional, Yang, Y.-J., additional, Hsieh, F.-C., additional, Chang, S. T., additional, Liao, M.-H., additional, Li, K.-S., additional, and Liu, C. W., additional

Published
2019
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21. Bilayer-Based Antiferroelectric HfZrO 2 Tunneling Junction With High Tunneling Electroresistance and Multilevel Nonvolatile Memory.

Author

Hsiang, K.-Y., Liao, C.-Y., Liu, J.-H., Wang, J.-F., Chiang, S.-H., Chang, S.-H., Hsieh, F.-C., Liang, H., Lin, C.-Y., Lou, Z.-F., Hou, T.-H., Liu, C. W., and Lee, M. H.

Subjects
NONVOLATILE memory, TUNNEL design & construction, ALUMINUM oxide
Abstract

The bilayer-based Antiferroelectric Tunneling Junction (AFTJ) with ferroelectric (FE) HfZrO2 (HZO) and dielectric (DE) Al2O3 demonstrates a current ratio of $> 100\times $ , a TER (tunneling electroresistance) of $> 50\times $ , multilevel states, $> 10^{4}$ sec retention, and a cycling endurance as high as 108. The concept of tunneling current through DE in an antiferroelectric (AFE) system enhances the capacity to modulate the current/TER ratio and makes the AFTJ feasible for low-power crossbar eNVM (embedded nonvolatile memory) applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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24. Multibit Ferroelectric FET Based on Nonidentical Double HfZrO2 for High-Density Nonvolatile Memory.

Author

Liao, C.-Y., Hsiang, K.-Y., Hsieh, F.-C., Chiang, S.-H., Chang, S.-H., Liu, J.-H., Lou, C.-F., Lin, C.-Y., Chen, T.-C., Chang, C.-S., and Lee, M. H.

Subjects
NONVOLATILE memory, ERROR rates, PROBABILITY density function
Abstract

A double-HZO (HfZrO2) FeFET (ferroelectric FET) with nonidentical ferroelectric thicknesses is experimentally demonstrated with as low as |VP/E| = 5 V, 2-bit endurance > 105 cycles and retention > 104 s. Inserting an insulator to separate the ferroelectric layers and avoid the monoclinic formation of a thick Fe-HZO (ferroelectric-HZO) is a useful method to enhance the MW (memory window) for MLC (multilevel cell) applications. Double-HZO has a lower ER (error rate) and shows a 600X improvement compared to single-HZO. The stacked HZO FeFET has potential as an MLC for high-density NVM (nonvolatile memory) applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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25. Random polarization distribution of multi-domain model for polycrystalline ferroelectric HfZrO2.

Author

Chen, K-T, Liao, C-Y, Hsiang, K-Y, Chang, S-H, Hsieh, F-J, Liang, H, Chiang, S-H, Liu, J-H, Li, K-S, Chang, S T, and Lee, M H

Subjects
DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory), FIELD-effect transistors, LATTICE dynamics, GAUSSIAN distribution, COMPUTER simulation
Abstract

Device dimension scaling down to be comparable to the domain size of polycrystalline ferroelectric HfZrO2 (HZO) is evaluated for subthreshold swing (SS) and drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) by numerical simulation. The proposed multi-domain modeling involves polarization random location in HZO and probability with Gaussian distribution, as well as being integrated with the Landau–Khalatnikov equation. A small device with a few domains exhibits steep SS compared with large dimension with many domains. The N-DIBL (negative-DIBL) is also estimated by using this model, and the negative capacitance effect retards the short-channel effects significantly. The trend of the experimental data and simulation results of fin field-effect transistors and planar field-effect transistors is consistent with nano-scale and micro-scale devices, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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26. Structural studies of PfEMP1 bound to human cluster of differentiation 36 and of an unusual human antibody

Author

Hsieh, F and Higgins, M

Abstract

In Plasmodium falciparum-infected humans, parasites escape from splenic clearance and cause severe or chronic symptoms partly through the action of the variable surface antigens expressed on the surfaces of infected erythrocytes, called P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1). PfEMP1 that interact with human Cluster of Differentiation 36 (CD36) receptor mediate the most common adhesion phenotype found in infected erythrocytes. Here the first crystal structure of CD36 in complex with a PfEMP1 CIDR domain is presented. Together with sequence analysis and biophysical data, it shows how parasite PfEMP1 proteins are able to diversify hugely while retaining a chemically conserved CD36 binding surface. This reveals insight into the structure and function of CD36 and shows how the parasite targets a region of CD36 that is critical for its physiological role, avoiding mutations in host receptors that would prevent parasite binding. Repetitive interspersed family proteins (RIFINs) are the most abundant variant surface antigens in P. falciparum. However, unlike the well-studied PfEMP1, the function of RIFIN remains unclear. Recently, a subset of human antibodies was identified from malaria-endemic areas that can recognise varied RIFINs. These antibodies have the unique feature of the insertion of a human receptor, LAIR1 (CD305), into the third complementarity-determining region of their heavy chain. Here, the first structure of one of these unusual LAIR1-containing antibodies is presented. It reveals that the CDR loops are mostly occluded by the insert and form a surface that positions LAIR1 for antigen binding. The variable regions of the antibody therefore no longer perform their classical role in antigen recognition. Instead they act as an adaptor between a human LAIR1 insert with antigen binding properties and the immune-modulatory antibody constant regions.

Published
2017

29. Search for trilepton signatures from associated gaugino pair production

Author

Abbott, B., Abolins, M., Acharya, B. S., Adam, I., Adams, D. L., Adams, M., Ahn, S., Aihara, H., Alves, G. A., Amos, N., Anderson, E. W., Astur, R., Marc Baarmand, Baden, A., Balamurali, V., Balderston, J., Baldin, B., Banerjee, S., Bantly, J., Barberis, E., Bartlett, J. F., Bazizi, K., Belyaev, A., Beri, S. B., Bertram, I., Bezzubov, V. A., Bhat, P. C., Bhatnagar, V., Bhattachaņee, M., Biswas, N., Blazey, G., Blessing, S., Bloom, P., Boehnlein, A., Bojko, N. I., Borcherding, F., Boswell, C., Brandt, A., Brock, R., Bross, A., Buchholz, D., Burtovoi, V. S., Butler, J. M., Carvalho, W., Casey, D., Casilum, Z., Castilla-Valdez, H., Chakraborty, D., Chang, S. -M, Chekulaev, S. V., Chen, L. -P, Chen, W., Choi, S., Chopra, S., Choudhary, B. C., Christenson, J. H., Chung, M., Claes, D., Clark, A. R., Cobau, W. G., Cochran, J., Coney, L., Cooper, W. E., Cretsinger, C., Cullen-Vidal, D., Cummings, M. A. C., Cutts, D., Dahl, O. I., Davis, K., De, K., Del Signore, K., Demarteau, M., Denisov, D., Denisov, S. P., Diehl, H. T., Diesburg, M., Di Loreto, G., Draper, P., Ducros, Y., Dudko, L. V., Dugad, S. R., Edmunds, D., Ellison, J., Elvira, V. D., Engelmann, R., Eno, S., Eppley, G., Ermolov, P., Eroshin, O. V., Evdokimov, V. N., Fahland, T., Fatyga, M. K., Feher, S., Fein, D., Ferbel, T., Finocchiaro, G., Fisk, H. E., Fisyak, Y., Flattum, E., Forden, G. E., Fortner, M., Frame, K. C., Fuess, S., Gallas, E., Galyaev, A. N., Gartung, P., Geld, T. L., Genik, R. J., Genser, K., Gerber, C. E., Gibbard, B., Glenn, S., Gobbi, B., Goforth, M., Goldschmidt, A., Gómez, B., Gómez, G., Goncharov, P. I., González Solís, J. L., Gordon, H., Goss, L. T., Gounder, K., Goussiou, A., Graf, N., Grannis, P. D., Green, D. R., Greenlee, H., Grim, G., Grinstein, S., Grossman, N., Grudberg, P., Grünendahl, S., Guglielmo, G., Guida, J. A., Guida, J. M., Gupta, A., Gurzhiev, S. N., Gutierrez, P., Gutnikov, Y. E., Hadley, N. J., Haggerty, H., Hagopian, S., Hagopian, V., Hahn, K. S., Hall, R. E., Hanlet, P., Hansen, S., Hauptman, J. M., Hedin, D., Heinson, A. P., Heintz, U., Hernández-Montoya, R., Heuring, T., Hirosky, R., Hobbs, J. D., Hoeneisen, B., Hoftun, J. S., Hsieh, F., Ting, H., Tong, H., Huehn, T., Ito, A. S., James, E., Jaques, J., Jerger, S. A., Jesik, R., Jiang, J. Z. -Y, Joffe-Minor, T., Johns, K., Johnson, M., Jonckheere, A., Jones, M., Jöstlein, H., Jun, S. Y., Jung, C. K., Kahn, S., Kalbfleisch, G., Kang, J. S., Karmanov, D., Karmgard, D., Kehoe, R., Kelly, M. L., Kim, C. L., Kim, S. K., Klatchko, A., Klima, B., Klopfenstein, C., Klyukhin, V. I., Kochetkov, V. I., Kohli, J. M., Koltick, D., Kostritskiy, A. V., Kotcher, J., Kotwal, A. V., Kourlas, J., Kozelov, A. V., Kozlovski, E. A., Krane, J., Krishnaswamy, M. R., Krzywdzinski, S., Kunori, S., Lami, S., Lander, R., Landry, F., Landsberg, G., Lauer, B., Leflat, A., Li, H., Li, J., Li-Demarteau, Q. Z., Lima, J. G. R., Lincoln, D., Linn, S. L., Linnemann, J., Lipton, R., Liu, Y. C., Lobkowicz, F., Loken, S. C., Lökös, S., Lueking, L., Lyon, A. L., Maciel, A. K. A., Madaras, R. J., Madden, R., Magaña-Mendoza, L., Manankov, V., Mani, S., Mao, H. S., Markeloff, R., Marshall, T., Martin, M. I., Mauritz, K. M., May, B., Mayorov, A. A., Mccarthy, R., Mcdonald, J., Mckibben, T., Mckinley, J., Mcmahon, T., Melanson, H. L., Merkin, M., Merritt, K. W., Miettinen, H., Mincer, A., Mishra, C. S., Mokhov, N., Mondal, N. K., Montgomery, H. E., Mooney, P., Da Motta, H., Murphy, C., Nang, F., Narain, M., Narasimham, V. S., Narayanan, A., Neal, H. A., Negret, J. P., Nemethy, P., Norman, D., Oesch, L., Oguri, V., Oltman, E., Oshima, N., Owen, D., Padley, P., Para, A., Park, Y. M., Partridge, R., Parua, N., Paterno, M., Pawlik, B., Perkins, J., Peters, M., Piegaia, R., Piekarz, H., Pischalnikov, Y., Podstavkov, V. M., Pope, B. G., Prosper, H. B., Protopopescu, S., Qian, J., Quintas, P. Z., Raja, R., Rajagopalan, S., Ramirez, O., Rasmussen, L., Reucroft, S., Rijssenbeek, M., Rockwell, T., Roe, N. A., Rubinov, P., Ruchti, R., Rutherfoord, J., Sánchez-Hernández, A., Santoro, A., Sawyer, L., Schamberger, R. D., Schellman, H., Sculli, J., Shabalina, E., Shaffer, C., Shankar, H. C., Shivpuri, R. K., Shupe, M., Singh, H., Singh, J. B., Sirotenko, V., Smart, W., Smith, E., Smith, R. P., Snihur, R., Snow, G. R., Snow, J., Snyder, S., Solomon, J., Sood, P. M., Sosebee, M., Sotnikova, N., Souza, M., Spadafora, A. L., Steinbrueck, G., Stephens, R. W., Stevenson, M. L., Stewart, D., Stichelbaut, F., Stoianova, D. A., Stoker, D., Strauss, M., Streets, K., Strovink, M., Sznajder, A., Tamburello, P., Tarazi, J., Tartaglia, M., Thomas, T. L. T., Thompson, J., Trippe, T. G., Tuts, P. M., Varelas, N., Varnes, E. W., Vititoe, D., Volkov, A. A., Vorobiev, A. P., Wahl, H. D., Wang, G., Warchol, J., Watts, G., Wayne, M., Weerts, H., White, A., White, J. T., Wightman, J. A., Willis, S., Wimpenny, S. J., Wirjawan, J. V. D., Womersley, J., Won, E., Wood, D. R., Xu, H., Yamada, R., Yamin, P., Yang, J., Yasuda, T., Yepes, P., Yoshikawa, C., Youssef, S., Yu, J., Yu, Y., Zhu, Z. H., Zieminska, D., Zieminski, A., Zverev, E. G., and Zylberstejn, A.

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Pair production, Branching fraction, R-parity, Product (mathematics), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Gaugino, General Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Production (computer science), Context (language use), Supersymmetry
Abstract

We report on a search for the trilepton decay signature from the associated production of supersymmetric gaugino pairs, {tilde {chi}}{sup {plus_minus}}{sub 1}{tilde {chi}}{sub 2}{sup 0}, within the context of minimal supersymmetric models that conserve R parity. This search uses 95 pb{sup {minus}1} of p{bar p} data taken at {radical}(s)=1.8 TeV with the D0 detector. No evidence of a trilepton signature has been found, and a limit on the product of cross section times branching fraction to trileptons is given as a function of {tilde {chi}}{sup {plus_minus}}{sub 1} mass. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}

Published
2016

33. Systemic testing on bradley-terry model against nonlinear ranking hierarchy

Author

Shev, A, Fujii, K, Hsieh, F, McCowan, B, and McDonnell, MD

Abstract

© 2014 Shev et al. We take a system point of view toward constructing any power or ranking hierarchy onto a society of human or animal players. The most common hierarchy is the linear ranking, which is habitually used in nearly all real-world problems. A stronger version of linear ranking via increasing and unvarying winning potentials, known as Bradley-Terry model, is particularly popular. Only recently non-linear ranking hierarchy is discussed and developed through recognition of dominance information contents beyond direct dyadic win-and-loss. We take this development further by rigorously arguing for the necessity of accommodating system's global pattern information contents, and then introducing a systemic testing on Bradley- Terry model. Our test statistic with an ensemble based empirical distribution favorably compares with the Deviance test equipped with a Chi-squared asymptotic approximation. Several simulated and real data sets are analyzed throughout our development.

Published
2014

43. Identical Pulse Programming Based Ultra-Thin 5 nm HfZrO2Ferroelectric Field Effect Transistors with High Conductance Ratio and Linearity Potentiation Learning Trajectory

Author

Liao, C.-Y., Hsiang, K.-Y., Chang, S.-H., Chiang, S.-H., Hsieh, F.-C., Liu, J.-H., Liang, H., Luo, Z.-F., Lin, C.-Y., Chen, L.-Y., Hu, V. P.-H., and Lee, M. H.

Abstract

This study systematically investigates identical pulse stimulation for potentiation machine learning to achieve a linear potentiation non-linearity (?P) equal to 1.25 and a high conductance ratio >1,000x with 5 nm-thick HfZrO2(HZO) ferroelectric field effect transistors (FeFET). The trade-off characteristics between conductance ratio and linearity are exhibited. The higher remnant polarization (Pr) for memory window (MW) enhancement leads to an increasing conductance ratio but degrades the non-linearity of the training curve. The optimized stimulation condition for the identical pulse is performed with a pulse width of 50 ns and low access voltage for HZO thicknesses from 15 to 5 nm. These highlighted merits provide an opportunity to integrate emerging devices such as computing-in-memory (CIM) applications in the future.

Published
2021
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45. Random polarization distribution of multi-domain model for polycrystalline ferroelectric HfZrO2.

Author

Chen, K-T, Liao, C-Y, Hsiang, K-Y, Chang, S-H, Hsieh, F-J, Liang, H, Chiang, S-H, Liu, J-H, Li, K-S, Chang, S T, and Lee, M H

Subjects
*DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory), *FIELD-effect transistors, *LATTICE dynamics, *GAUSSIAN distribution, *COMPUTER simulation
Abstract

Device dimension scaling down to be comparable to the domain size of polycrystalline ferroelectric HfZrO2 (HZO) is evaluated for subthreshold swing (SS) and drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) by numerical simulation. The proposed multi-domain modeling involves polarization random location in HZO and probability with Gaussian distribution, as well as being integrated with the Landau–Khalatnikov equation. A small device with a few domains exhibits steep SS compared with large dimension with many domains. The N-DIBL (negative-DIBL) is also estimated by using this model, and the negative capacitance effect retards the short-channel effects significantly. The trend of the experimental data and simulation results of fin field-effect transistors and planar field-effect transistors is consistent with nano-scale and micro-scale devices, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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46. Learnable real-time inference of molecular composition from diffuse spectroscopy of brain tissue.

Author

Ezhov I, Scibilia K, Giannoni L, Kofler F, Iliash I, Hsieh F, Shit S, Caredda C, Lange F, Montcel B, Tachtsidis I, and Rueckert D

Subjects
Humans, Hyperspectral Imaging methods, Brain Chemistry, Algorithms, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared methods, Brain diagnostic imaging, Brain metabolism, Machine Learning
Abstract

Significance: Diffuse optical modalities such as broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (bNIRS) and hyperspectral imaging (HSI) represent a promising alternative for low-cost, non-invasive, and fast monitoring of living tissue. Particularly, the possibility of extracting the molecular composition of the tissue from the optical spectra deems the spectroscopy techniques as a unique diagnostic tool., Aim: No established method exists to streamline the inference of the biochemical composition from the optical spectrum for real-time applications such as surgical monitoring. We analyze a machine learning technique for inference of changes in the molecular composition of brain tissue., Approach: We propose modifications to the existing learnable methodology based on the Beer-Lambert law. We evaluate the method's applicability to linear and nonlinear formulations of this physical law. The approach is tested on data obtained from the bNIRS- and HSI-based monitoring of brain tissue., Results: The results demonstrate that the proposed method enables real-time molecular composition inference while maintaining the accuracy of traditional methods. Preliminary findings show that Beer-Lambert law-based spectral unmixing allows contrasting brain anatomy semantics such as the vessel tree and tumor area., Conclusion: We present a data-driven technique for inferring molecular composition change from diffuse spectroscopy of brain tissue, potentially enabling intra-operative monitoring., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Published
2024
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47. Using Conditional Entropy Networks of Ordinal Measures to Examine Changes in Self-Worth Among Adolescent Students in High School.

Author

Furfaro E, Hsieh F, Weiss MR, and Ferrer E

Subjects
Humans, Adolescent, Male, Female, Models, Statistical, Students psychology, Students statistics & numerical data, Self Concept, Entropy, Schools
Abstract

We implement an analytic approach for ordinal measures and we use it to investigate the structure and the changes over time of self-worth in a sample of adolescents students in high school. We represent the variations in self-worth and its various sub-domains using entropy-based measures that capture the observed uncertainty. We then study the evolution of the entropy across four time points throughout a semester of high school. Our analytic approach yields information about the configuration of the various dimensions of the self together with time-related changes and associations among these dimensions. We represent the results using a network that depicts self-worth changes over time. This approach also identifies groups of adolescent students who show different patterns of associations, thus emphasizing the need to consider heterogeneity in the data.

Published
2024
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48. Reconstruction of a Large Composite Hemicraniofacial Defect with Bipedicled DIEP/TRAM Flaps.

Author

Chia J, Soliman B, and Hsieh F

Abstract

Head and neck reconstructions are often challenging due to the mix of functional and aesthetic goals. It can be tricky when different tissue types are required to reconstruct each subunit. Craniofacial reconstructions require a large volume of tissue to cover defects that span across a large convex area. The latissimus dorsi muscle flap is a workhorse free flap used frequently by surgeons due to its ability to cover over a large surface area. However, there are unique situations when even the latissimus dorsi muscle is not enough to provide the bulk cover for the craniofacial defect. We present a complex case of a hemicraniofacial reconstruction after a hemifacial orbital exenteration and cranial resection of a large neglected basal cell carcinoma., Competing Interests: The authors have no financial interest to declare in relation to the content of this article., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The American Society of Plastic Surgeons.)

Published
2024
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