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1. Performance metrics outperform physiological indicators in robotic teleoperation workload assessment

Author

Gift Odoh, Aleksandra Landowska, Emily M. Crowe, Khairidine Benali, Sue Cobb, Max L. Wilson, Horia A. Maior, and Ayse Kucukyilmaz

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Robotics holds the potential to streamline the execution of repetitive and dangerous tasks, which are difficult or impossible for a human operator. However, in complex scenarios, such as nuclear waste management or disaster response, full automation often proves unfeasible due to the diverse and intricate nature of tasks, coupled with the unpredictable hazards, and is typically prevented by stringent regulatory frameworks. Consequently, the predominant approach to managing activities in such settings remains human teleoperation. Teleoperation can be demanding, especially in high-stress situations, and involves a complex blend of both cognitive and physical workload. We present an experiment to explore a range of physiological and performance-related metrics for workload assessment during robotic teleoperation. Thirty-five participants performed a teleoperation task, during which we manipulated cognitive and physical workload conditions. We recorded multiple metrics, including brain activity using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, galvanic skin responses, cardiovascular responses, subjective workload ratings, task and robot performance data. Our results suggest that robotic teleoperation performance may be the most robust metric for distinguishing between different levels of workload experienced during teleoperation, with most physiological measures becoming insignificant to distinguish high cognitive workload.

Published
2024
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23. Measuring Mental Workload Variations in Office Work Tasks using fNIRS

Author

Horia A. Maior, Sarah Sharples, Max L. Wilson, and Serena Midha

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, Human Factors and Ergonomics, Education, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neuroimaging, Reading (process), Neuroergonomics, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Biological sciences, fNIRS, Mental Workload, Office Work, Interruptions, Passive BCI, Neuroergonomics, 050107 human factors, media_common, 05 social sciences, Work (physics), General Engineering, Cognition, Workload, G400 Computer Science, Human-Computer Interaction, Hardware and Architecture, Functional near-infrared spectroscopy, G440 Human-computer Interaction, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Software, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

The motivation behind using physiological measures to estimate cognitive activity is typically to build technology that can help people to understand themselves and their work, or indeed for systems to do so and adapt. While functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been shown to reliably reflect manipulations of mental workload in different work tasks, we still need to establish whether fNIRS can differentiate variety within common office-like tasks in order to broaden our understanding of the factors involved in tracking them in real working conditions. 20 healthy participants (8 females, 12 males), whose work included office-like tasks, took part in a user study that investigated a) the sensitivity of fNIRS for measuring mental workload variations in representations of everyday reading and writing tasks, and b) how representations of natural interruptions are reflected in the data. Results supported fNIRS measuring PFC activation in differentiating between workload levels for reading tasks but not writing tasks in terms of increased oxygenated haemoglobin (O2Hb) and decreased deoxygenated haemoglobin (HHb), for harder conditions compared to easier conditions. There was considerable support for fNIRS in detecting changes in workload levels due to interruptions. Variations in workload levels during the interruptions could be understood in relation to spare capacity models. These findings may guide future work into sustained monitoring of cognitive activity in real-world settings.

Published
2021

24. List of Contributors

Author

Nounagnon F. Agbangla, Atahan Agrali, Cédric T. Albinet, Awad Aljuaid, Guillaume Andéol, Jean M. André, Pietro Aricò, Branthomme Arnaud, Romain Artico, Michel Audiffren, Hasan Ayaz, Fabio Babiloni, Wendy Baccus, Carryl L. Baldwin, Hubert Banville, Klaus Bengler, Bruno Berberian, Jérémy Bergeron-Boucher, Ali Berkol, Pierre Besson, Siddharth Bhatt, Arianna Bichicchi, Martijn Bijlsma, Nikolai W.F. Bode, Vincent Bonnemains, Gianluca Borghini, Guillermo Borragán, Marc-André Bouchard, Angela Bovo, Eric Brangier, Anne-Marie Brouwer, Heinrich H. Bülthoff, Christopher Burns, Vincent Cabibel, Tuna E. Çakar, Daniel Callan, Aurélie Campagne, Travis Carlson, William D. Casebeer, Deniz Zengin Çelik, Cindy Chamberland, Caroline P.C. Chanel, Peter Chapman, Luc Chatty, Laurent Chaudron, Philippe Chevrel, Lewis L. Chuang, Caterina Cinel, Bernard Claverie, Antonia S. Conti, Yves Corson, Johnathan Crépeau, Adrian Curtin, Frédéric Dehais, Arnaud Delafontaine, Gaétane Deliens, Arnaud Delorme, Stefano I. Di Domenico, Gianluca Di Flumeri, Jean-Marc Diverrez, Manh-Cuong Do, Mengxi Dong, Andrew T. Duchowski, Anirban Dutta, Lydia Dyer, Sonia Em, Kate Ewing, Stephen Fairclough, Brian Falcone, Tiago H. Falk, Sara Feldman, Ying Xing Feng, Victor S. Finomore, Nina Flad, Alice Formwalt, Alexandra Fort, Paul Fourcade, Marc A. Fournier, Jérémy Frey, C. Gabaude, Olivier Gagey, Marc Garbey, Liliana Garcia, Thibault Gateau, Lukas Gehrke, Nancy Getchell, Evanthia Giagloglou, Christiane Glatz, Kimberly Goodyear, Robert J. Gougelet, Jonas Gouraud, Klaus Gramann, Dhruv Grewal, Carlos Guerrero-Mosquera, Céline Guillaume, Martin Hachet, Alain Hamaoui, Gabriella M. Hancock, Peter A. Hancock, Ahmad Fadzil M. Hani, Amanda E. Harwood, Mitsuhiro Hayashibe, Terry Heiman-Patterson, Girod Hervé, Maarten A.J. Hogervorst, Amy L. Holloway, Jean-Louis Honeine, Keum-Shik Hong, Klas Ihme, Kurtulus Izzetoglu, Meltem Izzetoglu, Philip L. Jackson, Christophe Jallais, Christian P. Janssen, Branislav Jeremic, Meike Jipp, Evelyn Jungnickel, Hélio Kadogami, Gozde Kara, Waldemar Karwowski, Quinn Kennedy, Theresa T. Kessler, Muhammad J. Khan, Rayyan A. Khan, Marius Klug, Amanda E. Kraft, Michael Krein, Ute Kreplin, Bartlomiej Kroczek, Lauens R. Krol, Frank Krueger, Ombeline Labaune, Daniel Lafond, Claudio Lantieri, Paola Lanzi, Amine Laouar, Dargent Lauren, Rachel Leproult, Véronique Lespinet-Najib, Ling-Yin Liang, Fabien Lotte, Ivan Macuzic, Nicolas Maille, Horia A Maior, S. Malin, Alexandre Marois, Franck Mars, Nicolas Martin, Nadine Matton, Magdalena Matyjek, Kevin McCarthy, Ryan McKendrick, Tom McWilliams, Bruce Mehler, Ranjana Mehta, Ranjana K. Mehta, Mathilde Menoret, Yoshihiro Miyake, Alexandre Moly, Rabia Murtza, Makii Muthalib, Mark Muthalib, Noman Naseer, Jordan Navarro, Roger Newport, Anton Nijholt, Michal Ociepka, Morellec Olivier, Ahmet Omurtag, Banu Onaral, Hiroki Ora, Bob Oudejans, Özgürol Öztürk, Martin Paczynski, Nico Pallamin, Raja Parasuraman, Mark Parent, René Patesson, Kou Paul, Philippe Peigneux, Matthias Peissner, G. Pepin, Stephane Perrey, Vsevolod Peysakhovich, Markus Plank, Riccardo Poli, Kathrin Pollmann, Simone Pozzi, Nancy M. Puccinelli, Jean Pylouster, Kerem Rızvanoğlu, Martin Ragot, Bryan Reimer, Emanuelle Reynaud, Joohyun Rhee, Jochem W. Rieger, Anthony J. Ries, Benoit Roberge-Vallières, Achala H. Rodrigo, Anne L. Roggeveen, Ricardo Ron-Angevin, Guillaume Roumy, Raphaëlle N. Roy, Anthony C. Ruocco, Bartlett A. Russell, Jon Russo, Richard M. Ryan, Amanda Sargent, Kelly Satterfield, Ben D. Sawyer, Sébastien Scannella, Menja Scheer, Melissa Scheldrup, Alex Schilder, Nicolina Sciaraffa, Lee Sciarini, Magdalena Senderecka, Sarah Sharples, Tyler H. Shaw, Patricia A. Shewokis, Andrea Simone, Hichem Slama, Alastair D. Smith, Bertille Somon, Hiba Souissi, Moritz Späth, Kimberly L. Stowers, Clara Suied, Junfeng Sun, Rajnesh Suri, Tong Boon Tang, Yingying Tang, Emre O. Tartan, Nadège Tebbache, Franck Techer, Cengiz Terzibas, Catherine Tessier, Claudine Teyssedre, Hayley Thair, Jean-Denis Thériault, Alexander Toet, Shanbao Tong, Jonathan Touryan, Amy Trask, Sébastien Tremblay, Anirudh Unni, François Vachon, Davide Valeriani, Benoît Valéry, Helma van den Berg, Valeria Vignali, Mathias Vukelić, Jijun Wang, Max L. Wilson, Emily Wusch, Petros Xanthopoulos, Eric Yiou, Amad Zafar, Thorsten O. Zander, Matthias D. Ziegler, and Ivana Živanovic-Macuzic

Published
2019
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25. Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Author

Max L. Wilson, Caroline Locke, Horia A. Maior, and Debra Swann

Subjects
Data collection, Human–computer interaction, Brain activity and meditation, Data analysis, Cognition, Workload, Psychology, Brain scanning, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Brain–computer interface
Abstract

We present the first stage of our on-going artist-driven BCI collaboration, where we equipped an artist with the brain scanning technique functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) in order to record mental workload levels during her creative practice. The artists are interested in exposing the hidden cognitive processes involved in their creative practice, in order to reuse or integrate the data into their performances. The researchers are interested in collecting unstructured ‘in the wild’ fNIRS data, and to see how the artists interpret the data retrospectively. We highlight some interesting early examples from the data and describe our on-going plans. We will have completed a second data collection before the workshop.

Published
2018
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26. Subjective and Objective Methods to Continuously Monitor Workload

Author

Horia A. Maior, Max L. Wilson, and Sarah Sharples

Subjects
Measure (physics), Cognition, Workload, Everyday life, Psychology, Cognitive psychology, Task (project management)
Abstract

As technology pervades our everyday life, tasks are increasingly “dominated by mental rather than physical task components.” Moreover, with the recent advancements in technology, the human role has moved towards a supervisory and decision-making one, this further increasing the demands on our limited mental resources. It is, therefore, crucially important to consider, measure, and evaluate human limitations in terms of their cognition.

Published
2018
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27. A Self-Governing and Decentralized Network of Smart Objects to Share Electrical Power Autonomously

Author

Shrisha Rao, Amrutha Muralidharan, and Horia A. Maior

Subjects
Smart power, Correctness, Smart objects, Control theory, Computer science, Problem domain, Distributed computing, Real-time computing, Context (language use), Electric power, Object (computer science)
Abstract

An extensible, decentralized network of self-governing objects connected to a shared but variable power supply is a realistic problem domain for certain demand-management problems arising in the context of futuristic systems connected to smart power grids. An algorithmic framework of such a network is presented and discussed in this paper. Each object of the network has a power demand and a priority, and it is interconnected and able to exchange information with all other objects in the system. As each object shares information (its power demand and priority) with the other objects, the system as a whole exhibits self-governance, and is able to be managed without a centralized controller. Our model, which we term as decentralized power distribution (DPD) for such a network, also allows us to formulate algorithms for distributing available power among objects, along with analyses of correctness and performance.

Published
2017
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28. Examining the reliability of using fNIRS in realistic HCI settings for spatial and verbal tasks

Author

Matthew Pike, Horia A. Maior, Max L. Wilson, and Sarah Sharples

Subjects
User studies, Computer science, Human–computer interaction, Functional near-infrared spectroscopy, Cognition, User interface, Affect (psychology), Spatial memory, Reliability (statistics), Brain–computer interface
Abstract

Recent efforts have shown that functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has potential value for brain sensing in HCI user studies. Research has shown that, although large head movement significantly affects fNIRS data, typical keyboard use, mouse movement, and non-task-related verbalisations do not affect measurements during Verbal tasks. This work aims to examine the Reliability of fNIRS, by 1) confirming these prior findings, and 2) significantly extending our understanding of how artefacts affect recordings during Spatial tasks, since much of user interfaces and interaction is inherently spatial. Our results show that artefacts have a significantly different impact during Verbal and Spatial tasks. We contribute clearer insights into using fNIRS as a tool within HCI user studies.

Published
2015

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