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Media coverage of large-scale violence can result in interfering thoughts and depression. This research investigates the relationship between interfering thoughts and depression when watching the Russo-Ukrainian war. In the theoretical model, the more the war is watched, the more it is related to interfering thoughts, which are related to depression. With the ongoing pandemic, depression, when watching the war, was related to coronavirus threat. Data was collected online from April to June, 2022, with university students in Germany, Finland, and Canada (N = 865). Path analysis results in each sample showed that the model fit the data with sample-specific modification indices. There was full mediation of watching the war by interference on depression, indicating that it is not watching the war, per se, but rather its relationship to cognitive interference, that is associated with depression. Denial and coronavirus threat were positively related to depression. Implications for research and student support are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 24 February 2022, Russia attacked Ukraine. Millions of people tuned into social media to watch the war. Media exposure to disasters and large‐scale violence can precipitate anxiety resulting in intrusive thoughts. This research investigates factors related to anxiety while watching the war. Since the war began during the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, threat from COVID‐19 is seen as a predictor of anxiety when watching the war. A theoretical model is put forward where the outcome was anxiety when watching the war, and predictors were self‐reported interference of watching the war with one's studies or work, gender, worry about the war, self‐efficacy and coronavirus threat. Data were collected online with independent samples of university students from two European countries close to Ukraine, Germany (n = 348) and Finland (n = 228), who filled out an anonymous questionnaire. Path analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings showed that the model was an acceptable fit to the data in each sample, and standardised regression coefficients indicated that anxiety, when watching the war, increased with interference, war worry and coronavirus threat, and decreased with self‐efficacy. Women reported more anxiety when watching the war than men. Implications of the results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: We examined the associations and proportionate contributions of three well-validated models of stressful psychosocial work environment (job strain, effort-reward imbalance, and organizational injustice) in explaining depressive symptoms among primary school teachers. In addition, we tested the mediating role of different types of sleep problems. Method: The participants included 76 Finnish primary school teachers. The associations between the three work-related psychosocial factors, sleep problems, and depressive symptoms were examined using multiple linear regression analyses and bootstrap mediation analyses, adjusting for gender and age. Relative weight analyses were performed to examine the proportionate contributions of the work-related psychosocial factors on depressive symptoms. Results: Both effort-reward imbalance and job strain showed positive associations with depressive symptoms, whereas the association between organizational injustice and depressive symptoms was not significant. When the proportionate contributions of job strain, effort-reward imbalance, and organizational injustice on depressive symptoms were analysed simultaneously, effort-reward imbalance was found to be the most important predictor. According to bootstrap mediation analyses, sleep problems in terms of nonrestorative sleep explained 18% of the association between job strain and depressive symptoms and 11% of the association between effort-reward imbalance and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that, for primary school teachers, particularly effort-reward imbalance but also job strain may be risk factors for depressive symptoms, and that this association might be partly explained by impaired sleep. Adjusting work demands and increasing the rewarding aspects of teachers' work may enhance sleep quality and reduce depressive symptoms in primary school teachers' occupation.

Objectives: To explore association between perceived stress and psychological distress (depressive symptoms and anxiety), and the stress-buffering effects of social support (parents, partners, friends, peers, teachers, social media), sense of community belonging and meaningfulness of studying. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 using a convenience sample of 800 healthcare students from the University of Helsinki, Finland. Participants completed an online survey. Logistic regression analyses were performed using the PROCESS Macro to explore the relationship between perceived stress and psychological distress, and the moderator effects. Results: Perceived stress was associated with depressive symptoms and anxiety. Perceived stress had significant interactions with parent (B =-.03, t(783) = -2.4, p < .001), partner (B = -.05, t(783) = -4.3, p < .001) and peer support (B=-.04, t(783) = -3.0, p < .001), sense of community belonging (B=-.06, t(783) = -2.7, p < .01) and meaningfulness of studying (B=-.12, t(783) = -4.5, p < .001) in predicting depressive symptoms, and with parent (B = -.05, t(783)= -3.8, p < .001), partner (B = -.03, t(783) = -2.2, p < .05) and peer support (B=-.05, t(783) =-3.5, p < .001), sense of community belonging (B=-.05, t(783)=-2.5, p < .01) and meaningfulness of studying (B = -.08, t(783) = -3.0, p < .01) in predicting anxiety. Perceived stress had weaker effects on depressive symptoms and anxiety at higher levels of support, sense of community belonging and meaningfulness of studying. Conclusions: Support from parents, romantic partners and peers, sense of community belonging and meaningfulness of studying may buffer the negative psychological outcomes of perceived stress. Promoting social support, sense of community and the meaningfulness of studying can help prevent psychological distress in healthcare students. Longitudinal research and further investigation on factors related to sense of community belonging and meaningfulness of studying are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parents' physical activity associates with their children's physical activity. Prospective designs assessing this association are rare. This study examined how parents' physical activity was associated with their children's physical activity from childhood to middle adulthood in a 30-year prospective, population-based setting. Methods: Participants (n = 3596) were from the ongoing Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study started in 1980. Participants' physical activity was self-reported at 8 phases from 1980 to 2011, and their parents' physical activity at 1980. Analyses were adjusted for a set of health-related covariates assessed from 1980 to 2007. Results: High levels of mothers' and fathers' physical activity were systematically associated with increased levels of their children's physical activity until offspring's age of 24. Longitudinal analyses conducted from 1980 to 2011 showed that higher levels of parents' physical activity were associated with increased levels of physical activity within their offspring until midlife, but the association between parents' and their children's physical activity weakened when participants aged (P < .05). Covariate adjustment did not attenuate the association. Conclusions: This study suggests that parents' physical activity assessed in their offspring's childhood contributes favorably to offspring's physical activity from childhood to middle age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trait-like sensitivity to stress in long QT syndrome patients has been documented previously. In addition, mental stress has been associated with symptomatic status of long QT syndrome. We examined whether the symptomatic type 1 long QT syndrome patients would be more sensitive to mental stress compared to asymptomatic patients and whether there would be differences in task-related physiological stress reactions between type 1 long QT syndrome patients and healthy individuals. The study population consisted of 21 symptomatic and 23 asymptomatic molecularly defined KCNQ1 mutation carriers, their 32 non-carrier relatives and 46 non-related healthy controls, with mean ages of 37, 39, 35 and 23 years, respectively. Electrocardiography was utilised to calculate inter-beat interval and high frequency and low frequency heart rate variability. Blood pressure was measured and mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure were calculated. Stress was induced using three different tasks: mental arithmetic, reaction time and public speech. Stress responses of symptomatic and asymptomatic type 1 long QT syndrome patients were not statistically different in any of the stress tasks. Short-term physiological stress reactivity of symptomatic type 1 long QT syndrome patients appears to be normal and does not enhance the risk assessment of asymptomatic mutation carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are related to activities of daily living (ADLs), but longitudinal studies are sparse.Objectives: We investigated which NPSs were related to decline in instrumental ADLs (IADLs) and basic ADLs (BADLs) in a 5-year follow-up of individuals with AD.Methods: ALSOVA 5-year follow-up study data of 236 individuals with very mild or mild AD at baseline and their caregiver were analyzed. IADLs and BADLs were assessed with Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study ADL inventory, and NPSs with Neuropsychiatric Inventory at annual follow-up visits. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used for longitudinal data analysis, and NPS-ADL networks were estimated to demonstrate symptom interactions.Results: Apathy [rate ratio (RR) 1.23, 95% CI 1.06-1.44, p = 0.007], aberrant motor behavior (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.07-1.44, p = 0.005), and appetite disturbances (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.06-1.41, p = 0.005) were related to impairment in BADLs, and the same symptoms (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07-1.21, p < 0.001; RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07-1.20, p < 0.001; RR 1.14; 95% CI 1.08-1.21, p < 0.001, for apathy, aberrant motor behavior, and appetite disturbances, respectively), in addition to delusions (RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.15, p = 0.004), were related to IADL impairment. Symptom networks varied at different time points.Conclusion: As AD progresses, common (apathy) and uncommon NPSs (aberrant motor behavior, appetite disturbances, delusions) seem to be related to ADLs through various symptom interactions. Previous literature suggests that frontal pathology could underlie these relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the association between five‐factor model personality traits and perceptions of organisational justice. The sample for the study comprised 903 participants (35–50 years old; 523 women) studied in 2007 and 2012. Measures used were the Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Five‐Factor Inventory questionnaire and the short organisational justice measure. The results showed that high neuroticism was associated with low distributive, procedural and interactional justice. Furthermore, high agreeableness was associated with high procedural and interactional justice and high openness with high distributive justice. This study suggests that neuroticism, agreeableness and openness are involved in perceptions of organisational justice and that personality should be considered in research and in practices at the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]