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Background: After subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) lead to poor outcomes. Discovery of biomarkers indicative of disease severity and predictive of DCI is important. We tested whether leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is a marker of severity, DCI, and functional outcomes after SAH. Methods: We performed untargeted proteomics using mass spectrometry in plasma samples collected at < 48 h of SAH in two independent discovery cohorts (n = 27 and n = 45) and identified LRG1 as a biomarker for DCI. To validate our findings, we used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed this finding in an internal validation cohort of plasma from 72 study participants with SAH (22 DCI and 50 non-DCI). Further, we investigated the relationship between LRG1 and markers of EBI, DCI, and poor functional outcomes (quantified by the modified Rankin Scale). We also measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of LRG1 and investigated its relationship to EBI, DCI, and clinical outcomes. Results: Untargeted proteomics revealed higher plasma LRG1 levels across EBI severity and DCI in both discovery cohorts. In the validation cohort, the levels of LRG1 were higher in the DCI group compared with the non-DCI group (mean (SD): 95 [44] vs. 72 [38] pg/ml, p < 0.05, Student's t-test) and in study participants who proceeded to have poor functional outcomes (84 [39.3] vs. 72 [43.2] pg/ml, p < 0.05). Elevated plasma LRG1 levels were also associated with markers of EBI. However, CSF levels of LRG1 were not associated with EBI severity or the occurrence of DCI. Conclusions: Plasma LRG1 is a biomarker for EBI, DCI, and functional outcomes after SAH. Further studies to elucidate the role of LRG1 in the pathophysiology of SAH are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on the pre-modern probate inventory collection of the British National Archives in London, England. Topics discussed include the documentation of the possessions owned by the deceased head of household, the significance of this inventory to the study of pre-modern consumption and material culture, and the evaluation of probate inventories from the Middle Ages.

Taking English medieval probate inventories as a case study this article introduces a methodological approach to inventories adapted from the narratological frameworks of Gérard Genette. Using this novel methodology this study explores how we might identify narrative elements within inventories and in so doing better our understanding of the objects and spaces of late medieval houses. It outlines how legal frameworks, the inventorying genre, and the organizational techniques of individual appraisers contributed to processes of narrativization. Moreover, it demonstrates how in praxis this narratological approach can recover traces of hidden objects, spaces, and the movement of appraisers, which have been preserved within the text of these documents. Finally, it highlights the potential of this methodology to be adapted in future work in order to examine systems of classification employed by appraisers, or the contexts of production for inventory corpora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the anti-Catholicism movement in the early 19th century in Missouri. The author offers the brief overview of the establishment of Catholicism in the U.S. with the arrival of Roman Catholic immigrants and mentions the hostility met by the Catholic immigrants from Protestants. The author also highlights some of the abuse Catholic immigrants faced during the time including reports of Catholic churches being burned down, anti-Catholic riots, and even murder.