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Acquired thrombocytopenias represent a group of bleeding diseases, which can be mediated by immune or non-immune factors. Acquired immune thrombocytopenia (AITP) leads to an accelerated decrease in platelet count by platelet reactive antibodies arising from several mechanisms. In AITP, autoantibodies, alloantibodies or drug-dependent antibodies are usually targeting platelet surface glycoproteins. The consequence of this is a significant decrease in the number of circulating platelets, leading to clinic pathological disorders including immune thrombocytopenia, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia or drug-induced thrombocytopenia, respectively. The aforementioned disorders are characterized by a severe reduction in platelet count (< 20 × 10 9 /l), which is, with the exception of HIT, associated with high bleeding risk. In this review we provide current insight into recent achievements regarding diagnosis and management of AITP., Competing Interests: Vertragshonorare von Aspen Germany GmbH, MünchenBayer Vital GmbH, LeverkusenBristol-Myers Squibb GmbH & Co. KGaA, MünchenCLS Behring GmbH, MarburgDoctrina Med AG, SchweizInselspital, Universitätsspital Bern, SchweizMed update GmbH, WiesbadenSchöchl medical education GmbH, Mattsee (Österreich)Stago Deutschland GmbH, DüsseldorfReisekostenfinanzierungen von ASH Annual Meeting and Exposition 2018 San Diego/USABayer Vital GmbH, LeverkusenBielefelder SeminarBiotest AG, DreieichDGHO Service GmbH, BerlinEHA-SWG European Hematology Association, Den Haag/NLErgomed GmbH, Frankfurt a. M.Hi Event GmbH, DüsseldorfIGLD e. V., HamburgIntensivkurs der GTH AkademieInternational Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH), SSC-MeetingMCN Medizinische Congressorganisation Nürnberg AG,Novo Nordisk Pharma GmbH, MainzFinanzierung von Drittmittelprojekten mit CoaChrom Diagnostica GmbHErgomed GmbH, Frankfurt a. M.Insel Gruppe AG, Bern SchweizRobert Bosch GmbH, GerlingenStiftung Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhämatologie e. V.Research Grants mit DFG Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, BonnDGTI Deutsche Gesellschaft für Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhämatologie e. V.DRK-Blutspendedienst Baden-Württemberg-Hessen gGmbH, Frankfurt a. M., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)