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543 results on '"Hedayati M"'

1. Investigating the effect of physical games on the memory and attention of the elderly in adult day-care centers in Babol and Amol

Author

Hedayati M, Sum S, Hosseini SR, Faramarzi M, and Pourhadi S

Subjects
aging, cognition, Wechsler test, physical games, adult day care center, Geriatrics, RC952-954.6
Abstract

Maryam Hedayati,1,2 Shima Sum,2 Seyed Reza Hosseini,3 Mahbobeh Faramarzi,3 Samaneh Pourhadi31Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; 2Department of Social Medicines, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Mazandaran, Iran; 3Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Centre, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Mazandaran, IranBackground: Physical activity is a behavioral strategy that increases general (public) health, including the mental performance of individuals. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of group physical games on cognitive performance (memory, attention) of old people in adult day-care centers.Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 50 elderly people (aged >60 years) were selected from two adult day-care centers using available sampling and divided into two groups: control and intervention. As approval was received from the Babol Hamrah Salamat adult day-care center to modify the design of the center’s yard, this center was selected to conduct an intervention program. The intervention group received a physical activity program twice a week for 6 weeks. Questionnaires that were used for collecting data included demographic questions, a standard questionnaire for daily activities of living, and a short-term test, the Abbreviated Mental Test Score. Cognitive function was assessed with the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) (Form A), before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis of normal variables was performed using independent and paired t-tests and in non-standard cases with Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon non-parametric tests at a significance level of P

Published
2019

3. Vitamin E improved redox homeostasis in heart and aorta of hypothyroid rats

Author

Hedayati M., Niazmand S., Hosseini M., Baghcheghi Y., and Beheshti F.

Subjects
hypothyroidism, oxidative stress, heart, aorta, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665
Abstract

Objectives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin E on the oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant defense enzymes in the heart and aorta of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroid rats. Methods. The animals were divided into 4 experimental groups: Group 1 (Euthyroid) received tap water, Group 2 (Hypothyroid) received 0.05 % of PTU in dissolved in their drinking water, Group 3 (PTU+Vit E) hypothyroid rats treated with vitamin E, and Group 4 (Euthyroid+Vit E). Vitamin E was injected daily (20 mg/kg) to groups 3 and 4 via daily gavage for 6 weeks. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, total thiol levels, and the activities of Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were evaluated in the aortic and cardiac tissues. Results. A significant decrease of thyroxine (T4) serum levels confirmed hypothyroidism in rats, which received PTU. The MDA level increased and total thiol level decreased in the hypothyroid group compared to control group (p

Published
2017
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8. An Expanded hp‐Method for Solving Nonsmooth Time Delay Optimal Control Problems.

Author

Hedayati, M., Ahsani Tehrani, H., Fakharzadeh J., A., Noori Skandari, M. H., and Huang, Nan-jing

Subjects
TIME delay systems, NONLINEAR programming, MATHEMATICAL programming, PROBLEM solving, DERIVATIVES (Mathematics)
Abstract

In this research, we present an expanded hp‐method for solving time delay optimal control (TDOC) problems, applicable to issues with both smooth and nonsmooth solutions. The method discretizes the time domain using an adaptive grid with unknown switch points. Subsequently, we use the operational integration matrix to approximate the problem's state variable derivative. Next, we approximate the state and control variables using the Legendre–Gauss–Lobatto points and Legendre spectral collocation. This formulation transforms the original problem into a nonlinear programming problem, solvable using relevant techniques. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method, we solve numerical examples and compare the obtained results with those of several exiting methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Combination of Mean Shift of Colour Signature and Optical Flow for Tracking During Foreground and Background Occlusion

Author

Hedayati, M., Cree, M. J., Scott, J., Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Bräunl, Thomas, editor, McCane, Brendan, editor, Rivera, Mariano, editor, and Yu, Xinguo, editor

Published
2016
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15. Oxidative stress and effects of dill (Anethum graveolens dhi) powder on the performance and health status of broilers

Author

Jangali, A., Hedayati, M., Khalaji , S., and Manafi, M.

Subjects
avian influenza, biochemical traits, broiler, microbial, oxidative stress, Animal Science and Zoology
Abstract

Effects of dill powder (Anethum graveolens dhi) on performance and biochemical traits, immune response, blood cells and microbial population of cecum broilers after stress induced with dexamethasone were investigated. Two hundred and forty broilers were arrayed in completely randomized design with six experimental groups, five replications and eight broilers per replication. The experimental groups consisted of G1: control diet without additives, G2: control diet supplemented with 1.5% dill powder, G3: control diet supplemented with 1.5% dill powder under dexamethasone stress, G4: control diet supplemented with 3% dill powder, G5: control diet supplemented with 3% dill powder under dexamethasone stress, and G6: control diet under dexamethasone stress. After 31, 33, 38 and, 40 days, 2 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) dexamethasone was injected in right chest muscle in groups 3, 5, 6, and samples were taken after 35 and 42 days. Use of 3% dill powder reduced cecum microbial population significantly. Under dexamethasone oxidative stress conditions dill powder improved biochemical traits and the number of white blood cells significantly. Without stress induced by dexamethasone injection, use of 3% dill powder improved internal organs, increased the length of the digestive tract, improved weight gain, reduced FCR and improved antibody titers to Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) viruses. All levels of dill powder prevented negative impacts of dexamethasone on functional and biochemical traits. Thus, 3% dill powder has beneficial effects on performance, immune response, blood cell and microbial population, and could be used as a growth promoter and to prevent oxidative stress.

Published
2022

20. Substitution of red meat with legumes in the therapeutic lifestyle change diet based on dietary advice improves cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight type 2 diabetes patients: a cross-over randomized clinical trial

Author

Hosseinpour-Niazi, S., Mirmiran, P., Hedayati, M., and Azizi, F.

Subjects
Mimosaceae -- Health aspects, Legumes -- Health aspects, Life style -- Health aspects, Metabolic diseases -- Risk factors, Beans -- Health aspects, Diabetics -- Physiological aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of substitution of red meat with legumes in the Therapeutic Lifestyle Change (TLC) diet on cardiometabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes patients based on dietary education. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study was a randomized, controlled, cross-over trial. Thirty-one participants (24 women and 7 men; age: 58.1 [+ or -]6.0 years) with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to consume a control diet (legume-free TLC diet) and legume-based TLC diet for 8 weeks. Legume-based TLC diet was the same as the control diet, but the legume-based TLC group was advised to replace two servings of red meat with legumes, 3 days per week. After the interventional period, a washout period was conducted for 4 weeks. The groups were then advised to follow the alternate treatment for 8 weeks. Cardiometabolic risk factors were measured. RESULTS: Compared with the legume-free TLC diet, the legume-based TLC diet significantly decreased fasting blood glucose (P = 0.04), fasting insulin (P = 0.04), triglyceride concentrations (P = 0.04) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.02). Total cholesterol concentrations decreased after consumption of both TLC diet and legume TLC diet; however, the data did not differ significantly between the two diets. body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures did not change significantly after consumption of either the legume-free TLC diet or the legume-based TLC diet. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary advice given for substitution of red meat with legume intakes within a TLC diet-improved lipid profiles and glycemic control among diabetes patients, which were independent from BMI change. This trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (http://www.irct.ir) as IRCT201202251640N7. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2015) 69, 592-597; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.228; published online 29 October 2014, INTRODUCTION Cardiometabolic risk factors are the most frequent problems among type 2 diabetes patients; (1) consequently, interventions that decrease these cardiometabolic risk factors are considered beneficial to health. In previous [...]

Published
2015
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23. Prevalence rate of resistance to ciprofloxacin among clinical pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Kurdistan province, west of Iran

Author

Derakhshan, S., Hosseinzadeh, A., Hedayati, M. A., and Roshani, D.

Subjects
beta- lactamase, lcsh:R5-920, antibiotic resistance, quinolone, lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, lcsh:Medicine (General), pseudomonas aeruginosa
Abstract

Background and Aim: Infection by drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes important therapeutic problems. The present study was performed to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes in P. aeruginosa. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 61 clinical P. aeruginosa isolates were collected in Sanandaj between April and September 2017. Isolates were examined by disk diffusion method to determine susceptibility to 8 antibiotics and by polymerase chain reaction to detect the presence of extended-spectrum beta lactamase blaCTX-M gene and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants, qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS. We also evaluated the effect of resistance to quinolones on cross resistance to other antibiotics. We used descriptive statistics for data analysis. Results: Meropenem showed the highest susceptibility rate (88.5%), followed by piperacillin (85.2%), ceftazidime and amikacin (80.3%, each), imipenem (77%), cefepime (73.8%), ciprofloxacin (49.2%), and gentamicin (39.3%). Among 61 isolates, 32.8% showed multidrug resistance. Ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates had cross resistance to gentamicin (93.5%), cefepime (45.2%), ceftazidime and imipenem (38.7%, each), amikacin (35.5%), piperacillin (29%), and meropenem (22.6%). We detected qnrS in three isolates (4.9%). blaCTX-M, qnrB and qnrA were not identified. Conclusion: Our results suggested that ciprofloxacin may not be effective against P. aeruginosa. According to our knowledge, this is the first report of presence of qnr in P. aeruginosa from Kurdistan which highlights the need for continuous monitoring for prevention of the transmission of qnr.

Published
2020

25. A new operational matrix method to solve nonlinear fractional differential equations

Author

Hedayati Maryamsadat and Ezzati Reza

Subjects
zernike wavelets, block pulse functions, operational matrix, nonlinear fractional differential equations, breast cancer model, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

This study aims to propose novel Zernike wavelets and a new method based on the operational matrices for solving nonlinear fractional differential equations. First, non-orthogonal Zernike wavelets are introduced using the Zernike polynomials. Then, a new technique based on combining these wavelets with the block pulse functions is presented to derive the operational matrix of fractional integration and to solve nonlinear fractional differential equations. Moreover, an error analysis is conducted by providing required theorems. Besides, the proposed method is employed to solve a nonlinear fractional competition model of breast cancer. Finally, a parametric study is performed to consider the effect of fractional order on the population of healthy, cancer stem, tumour, and immune cells, as well as the excess estrogen.

Published
2024
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26. Effect of Graded Substitution of Barley Grain with Raisin Waste in Diet Contained Low Quality Forage on Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites and Nutrient Digestibility of Growing Ram Lamb.

Author

Ahmadi, M., Yari, M., and Hedayati, M.

Subjects
CORN as feed, ANIMAL feeds, GRAIN, LEUKOCYTE count, RAISINS, BARLEY, LAMBS, ERYTHROCYTES
Abstract

Raisin waste (RW) is produced during grapevine processing after harvest for raisin production. The aim of current study was to substitute the barley grain with RW in diet containing cereal straw as the only forage source in growing ram lambs feeding. Ground barley was substituted with RW at the rate of 9and 18% of diet (dry matter (DM) basis) in iso-nitrogesnous and iso-energetic diets. Twelve growing ram lames (first body weight of 26±2 kg) used in 3 × 3 replicated Latin square with three experimental periods. At each period of experiment, 6 pens of lambs (each 2 lambs placed in each pen) were randomly assigned to 3 treatments (2 pens for each treatment). Raisin waste contained (% DM) 78.4 DM, 5.4 ash, 3.7 crude protein (CP), 10.6 ether extract, 18.5 acid detergent fiber (ADF), 1.4 total tannin, 2.2 total phenol and 0.8 nontannin phenolic. Dietary substitution of ground barley with RW did not influence lamb final body weight (32.9, 32.2 and 32.1 kg respectively for three treatments), average daily gain, feed intake (1060.1, 960.2 and 920.3 g respectively) and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility including DM, organic matter, CP and ADF (P>0.05). Blood glucose, red blood cells and white blood cells count were similar among treatments (P>0.05). Blood urea decreased in lambs fed with diets contained RW (P<0.05). Blood total protein and triglycerides increased mostly at the level of 9% of substitution in lambs (P<0.05) compared with other level of substitution. In conclusion, in diets contained cereal straw as the only forage source, up to 18% of ground barley could be replaced by RW without detrimental effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood measures in growing ram lambs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022

27. p Aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillosis: From basics to clinics

Author

Arastehfar, A. Carvalho, A. Houbraken, J. Lombardi, L. and Garcia-Rubio, R. Jenks, J. D. Rivero-Menendez, O. Aljohani, R. Jacobsen, I. D. Berman, J. Osherov, N. Hedayati, M. T. Ilkit, M. Armstrong-James, D. Gabaldon, T. and Meletiadis, J. Kostrzewa, M. Pan, W. Lass-Floerl, C. and Perlin, D. S. Hoenigl, M.

Abstract

The airborne fungus Aspergillus fumigatus poses a serious health threat to humans by causing numerous invasive infections and a notable mortality in humans, especially in immunocompromised patients. Mould-active azoles are the frontline therapeutics employed to treat aspergillosis. The global emergence of azoleresistant A. fumigatus isolates in clinic and environment, however, notoriously limits the therapeutic options of mould-active antifungals and potentially can be attributed to a mortality rate reaching up to 100 %. Although specific mutations in CYP51A are the main cause of azole resistance, there is a new wave of azole-resistant isolates with wild-type CYP51A genotype challenging the efficacy of the current diagnostic tools. Therefore, applications of whole-genome sequencing are increasingly gaining popularity to overcome such challenges. Prominent echinocandin tolerance, as well as liver and kidney toxicity posed by amphotericin B, necessitate a continuous quest for novel antifungal drugs to combat emerging azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates. Animal models and the tools used for genetic engineering require further refinement to facilitate a better understanding about the resistance mechanisms, virulence, and immune reactions orchestrated against A. fumigatus. This review paper comprehensively discusses the current clinical challenges caused by A. fumigatus and provides insights on how to address them.

Published
2021

28. Aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillosis: From basics to clinics

Author

Arastehfar, A., Carvalho, A., Houbraken, J., Lombardi, L., Garcia-Rubio, R., Jenks, J. D., Rivero-Menendez, O., Aljohani, R., Jacobsen, I. D., Berman, J., Osherov, N., Hedayati, M. T., Ilkit, M., James-Armstrong, D., Gabaldón, T., Meletiadis, J., Kostrzewa, M., Pan, W., Lass-Flörl, C., Perlin, D. S., Hoenigl, M., Arastehfar, A., Carvalho, A., Houbraken, J., Lombardi, L., Garcia-Rubio, R., Jenks, J. D., Rivero-Menendez, O., Aljohani, R., Jacobsen, I. D., Berman, J., Osherov, N., Hedayati, M. T., Ilkit, M., James-Armstrong, D., Gabaldón, T., Meletiadis, J., Kostrzewa, M., Pan, W., Lass-Flörl, C., Perlin, D. S., and Hoenigl, M.

Abstract

The airborne fungus Aspergillus fumigatus poses a serious health threat to humans by causing numerous invasive infections and a notable mortality in humans, especially in immunocompromised patients. Mould-active azoles are the frontline therapeutics employed to treat aspergillosis. The global emergence of azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates in clinic and environment, however, notoriously limits the therapeutic options of mould-active antifungals and potentially can be attributed to a mortality rate reaching up to 100 %. Although specific mutations in CYP51A are the main cause of azole resistance, there is a new wave of azole-resistant isolates with wild-type CYP51A genotype challenging the efficacy of the current diagnostic tools. Therefore, applications of whole-genome sequencing are increasingly gaining popularity to overcome such challenges. Prominent echinocandin tolerance, as well as liver and kidney toxicity posed by amphotericin B, necessitate a continuous quest for novel antifungal drugs to combat emerging azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates. Animal models and the tools used for genetic engineering require further refinement to facilitate a better understanding about the resistance mechanisms, virulence, and immune reactions orchestrated against A. fumigatus. This review paper comprehensively discusses the current clinical challenges caused by A. fumigatus and provides insights on how to address them.

Published
2021

30. A Review of Aphroditic Plants and Physical Activity on Testosterone Concentrations

Author

Heidarzadeh, S., Azarbayjani, M. A., Hasan Matinhomaee, and Hedayati, M.

Subjects
aphroditic plants, RA1190-1270, testosterone, Toxicology. Poisons, food and beverages, physical activity, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Despite of many studies indicated that use of synthetic drugs to improve the concentration of testosterone in achieving secondary traits in men as a result, increased muscle mass and strength in this group, However, it has been shown that the use of these drugs in men causes physical and hormonal disorder and reduces performance when not in use. On the other hand, due to the clarification of side effects and the reporting of harmful effects of synthetic drugs, it has been shown that Plant products and exercise as substitute or complementary synthetic drugs can be a good alternative to the effects of kinetics and therefore it can be recommended the supplementation of herbals to coaches and athletes. Therefore, in this review, in addition to study of mechanisms of the increasing testosterone concentrations, we examine the effects of the use of some herbal supplements as well as physical activity.

Published
2018

31. Comparing different non-invasive methods in assessment of the effects of curcumin on hepatic fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Author

Saadati, S., Azita Hekmatdoost, Hatami, B., Mansour, A., Yari, Z., Hedayati, M., and Sadeghi, A.

Subjects
Curcumin, Hepatic Fibrosis, Original Article, NAFLD
Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of curcumin supplementation on hepatic fibrosis using different fibrosis assessment methods. Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may progress to hepatic fibrosis. Detection of hepatic fibrosis should be measured by liver biopsy, which is an invasive method. Thus, some non-invasive methods are suggested. Methods: Hepatic fibrosis was evaluated in forty six patients with NAFLD before and three months after supplementation with 1.5 gram curcumin or placebo. Methods of assessments included fibroscan, and calculating non-invasive marker panel including FIB-4 (Fibrosis4), NFS (NAFLD fibrosis score), APRI (AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) Platelet Ratio Index), and BARD (body mass index, AST/ALT (Alanine aminotransferase ratio, diabetes). Results: Fibrosis score was reduced significantly after curcumin supplementation using fibroscan (p0.05). Conclusion: Our results revealed that fibroscan, FIB-4, and APRI are similar in assessment of hepatic fibrosis changes after curcumin supplementation. Future studies with higher sample sizes are needed to confirm these results.

Published
2018

36. An investigation into English language teachers’ understanding of their roles in computer-assisted language learning context

Author

Hedayati, M

Abstract

The integration of new technologies into second language teaching and learning has influenced language teachers’ roles and responsibilities, leading to an ongoing enquiry about teachers’ perceptions of and reactions to these changes. This exploratory mixed-methods study investigated how English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in Iran define and understand their role expectations in Computer-assisted Language Learning (CALL) at different levels; and how these definitions impact their teaching practices. Informed by Biddle’s (1986) role theory, as well as Hubbard and Levy’s (2006) CALL teacher framework, the aim was to ascertain the mutual expectations of EFL teachers, learners and Private Language School (PLS) administrators concerning the development, selection and use of new technologies in language teaching/learning contexts. This study also investigated and identified the CALL teacher training types in the Iranian context and their effectiveness in shaping and enhancing teachers’ use of new technologies. A total of 148 Iranian EFL in-service teachers (8 for classroom observations and interviews; 140 for the survey), 4 EFL students, and 4 PLS administrators participated in this study. The research commenced with a qualitative phase, in which the investigator explored the participants’ behaviours and perceptions on the subject using observation and interview methods (Creswell, 2014). Once the qualitative study was conducted, and data were analysed, the findings of this stage shaped the structure and content of the second phase, which was quantitative (i.e., survey with 58 questions). Qualitative data were analysed and interpreted using both content (Kumar, 2011) and thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) methods. The quantitative data gathered from the survey in the second phase were analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings showed that the participants reported minor role changes for the teachers, due to limited and irregular use of CALL in the Iranian PLSs. The results of the thematic analysis showed examples of mismatch between teachers’ and learners’ definitions and expectations of the roles of teachers in CALL, in relation to technological literacy. CALL teachers had relatively high expectations of themselves, which seemed to create a gap between their current and desired knowledge of new technologies. This role conflict caused teachers to be reluctant to implement CALL. The findings highlighted that the majority of the teachers perceived themselves as consumers of CALL materials, due to availability and accessibility factors. Despite their positive perceptions towards becoming CALL material developers, the teachers voiced existing contextual barriers, such as inadequate CALL literacy, time limitation, and lack of support from the PLSs. In relation to CALL training, the research revealed that the amount and type of current training did not result in teachers’ normalised use of new technologies. It became evident that teachers were mainly self-trained, in the absence of formal CALL training by the PLSs and TESOL courses at the university level. Teachers identified workshop and peer-learning as their preferred ways of learning CALL, however, a minority experienced these training mediums. This evidence highlights the need for considerable changes in the content and structure of the training programs provided in the Iranian PLSs and universities. Self-edification and lack of instructional design seemed to result in sporadic and non-systematic use of CALL among the Iranian EFL teachers. It is recommended that the PLSs should provide context-specific CALL training to promote the regular and systematic use of technologies by the teachers. The findings also indicated that teachers need more institutional support to foster their engagement with CALL practices.

Published
2019
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37. Associations of autozygosity with a broad range of human phenotypes

Author

Clark, D.W. (David W), Okada, Y. (Yukinori), Moore, K.H.S. (Kristjan H S), Mason, D. (Dan), Pirastu, N. (Nicola), Gandin, I. (Ilaria), Mattsson, H. (Hannele), Barnes, C.L.K. (Catriona L K), Lin, K. (Kuang), Zhao, J.H. (Jing Hua), Deelen, P. (Patrick), Rohde, R. (Rebecca), Schurmann, C. (Claudia), Guo, X. (Xiuqing), Giulianini, F. (Franco), Zhang, W. (Weihua), Medina-Gomez, M.C. (Carolina), Karlsson, R. (Robert), Bao, Y. (Yanchun), Bartz, T.M. (Traci M), Baumbach, C. (Clemens), Biino, G. (Ginevra), Bixley, M.J. (Matthew J), Brumat, M. (Marco), Chai, J.-F. (Jin-Fang), Corre, T. (Tanguy), Cousminer, D.L. (Diana), Dekker, A.M. (Annelot M), Eccles, D.A. (David A), Eijk, K.R. (Kristel) van, Fuchsberger, C. (Christian), Gao, H. (He), Germain, M. (Marine), Gordon, S.D. (Scott D.), de Haan, H.G. (Hugoline G), Harris, S.E. (Sarah), Hofer, E. (Edith), Huerta-Chagoya, A. (Alicia), Igartua, C. (Catherine), Jansen, I. (Iris), Jia, Y. (Yucheng), Kacprowski, T. (Tim), Karlsson, T. (Torgny), Kleber, M.E. (Marcus), Li, S.A. (Shengchao Alfred), Li-Gao, R. (Ruifang), Mahajan, A. (Anubha), Matsuda, K. (Koichi), Meidtner, K. (Karina), Meng, W. (Weihua), Montasser, M.E. (May E.), Most, P.J. (Peter) van der, Munz, M. (Matthias), Nutile, T. (Teresa), Palviainen, T. (Teemu), Prasad, G. (Gauri), Prasad, R.B. (Rashmi B), Priyanka, T.D.S. (Tallapragada Divya Sri), Rizzi, F. (Federica), Salvi, E. (Erika), Sapkota, B.R. (Bishwa R), Shriner, D. (Daniel), Skotte, L. (Line), Smart, M.C. (Melissa C), Smith, A.V. (Albert), Spek, A. (Ashley) van der, Spracklen, C.N. (Cassandra N), Strawbridge, R.J. (Rona), Tajuddin, S.M. (Salman M), Trompet, S. (Stella), Turman, C. (Constance), Verweij, N. (Niek), Viberti, C. (Clara), Wang, L. (Lihua), Warren, H. (Helen), Wootton, R.E. (Robyn E), Yanek, L.R. (Lisa), Yao, J. (Jie), Yousri, N.A. (Noha A), Zhao, W. (Wei), Adeyemo, A.A. (Adebowale A), Afaq, S. (Saima), Aguilar-Salinas, C.A. (Carlos Alberto), Akiyama, M. (Masato), Albert, M.L. (Matthew L), Allison, M.A. (Matthew A), Alver, M. (Maris), Aung, T. (Tin), Azizi, J. (Joshan), Bentley, A.R. (Amy), Boeing, H. (Heiner), Boerwinkle, E.A. (Eric), Borja, J.B. (Judith B), Borst, G.J. (Gert) de, Bottinger, E.P. (Erwin), Broer, L. (Linda), Campbell, H. (Harry), Chanock, S.J. (Stephen), Chee, M.-L. (Miao-Li), Chen, G. (Guanjie), Chen, Y.-D.I. (Yii-Der I), Chen, Z. (Zhengming), Chiu, Y.-F. (Yen-Feng), Cocca, M. (Massimiliano), Collins, F.S. (Francis), Concas, M.P. (Maria Pina), Corley, J. (Janie), Cugliari, G. (Giovanni), Dam, R.M. (Rob) van, Damulina, A. (Anna), Daneshpour, M.S. (Maryam S), Day, F.R. (Felix), Delgado, G., Dhana, K. (Klodian), Doney, A.S.F. (Alex), Dörr, M. (Marcus), Doumatey, A. (Ayo), Dzimiri, N. (Nduna), Ebenesersdóttir, S.S. (S Sunna), Elliott, J. (Joshua), Elliott, P. (Paul), Ewert, R. (Ralf), Felix, J.F. (Janine), Fischer, K. (Krista), Freedman, B.I. (Barry), Girotto, S., Goel, A. (Anuj), Gögele, M. (Martin), Goodarzi, M. (Mark), Graff, M.J. (Maud J.L.), Granot-Hershkovitz, E. (Einat), Grodstein, F. (Francine), Guarrera, S. (Simonetta), Gudbjartsson, D.F. (Daniel), Guity, K. (Kamran), Gunnarsson, B. (Bjarni), Guo, Y. (Yu), Hagenaars, S.P. (Saskia P), Haiman, C.A. (Christopher), Halevy, A. (Avner), Harris, T.B. (Tamara B), Hedayati, M. (Mehdi), Heel, D.A. (David) van, Hirata, M. (Makoto), Höfer, I. (Imo), Hsiung, C.A. (Chao Agnes), Huang, J. (Jinyan), Hung, Y.-J. (Yi-Jen), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Jagadeesan, A. (Anuradha), Jousilahti, P. (Pekka), Kamatani, Y. (Yoichiro), Kanai, M. (Masahiro), Kerrison, N.D. (Nicola D), Kessler, T. (Thorsten), Khaw, K.-T. (Kay-Tee), Khor, C.C., Kleijn, D.P.V. (Dominique) de, Koh, W.-P. (Woon-Puay), Kolcic, I. (Ivana), Kraft, P. (Peter), Krämer, B.K. (Bernhard), Kutalik, Z. (Zoltán), Kuusisto, J. (Johanna), Langenberg, C. (Claudia), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Lawlor, D.A. (Debbie), Lee, I.-T. (I-Te), Lee, W.-J. (Wen-Jane), Lerch, M. (M.), Li, L. (Liming), Liu, J. (Jianjun), Loh, M. (Marie), London, S.J. (Stephanie J), Loomis, S.J. (Stephanie J.), Lu, Y. (Yingchang), Luan, J. (Jian’an), Mägi, R. (Reedik), Manichaikul, A.W. (Ani W), Manunta, P. (Paolo), Masson, G. (Gisli), Matoba, N. (Nana), Mei, X.W. (Xue W), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Meitinger, T. (Thomas), Mezzavilla, M. (Massimo), Milani, L. (Lili), Millwood, I.Y. (Iona), Momozawa, Y. (Yukihide), Moore, A. (Amy), Morange, P.-E. (P.), Moreno-Macías, H. (Hortensia), Mori, T.A. (Trevor A), Morrison, A.C. (Alanna), Muka, T. (Taulant), Murakami, Y. (Yoshinori), Murray, A.D. (Alison D), Mutsert, R. (Reneé) de, Mychaleckyj, J.C. (Josyf), Nalls, M.A. (Michael), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Neville, M.J. (Matthew), Nolte, I.M. (Ilja), Ong, K.K. (Ken K), Orozco, L. (Lorena), Padmanabhan, S. (Sandosh), Pálsson, G. (Gunnar), Palmer, C.N.A. (Colin), Penninx, B.W.J.H., Pattie, A. (Alison), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Poulter, N.R. (Neil), Pramstaller, P.P. (Peter P), Quintana-Murci, L. (Lluis), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Ralhan, S. (Sarju), Rao, D.C. (Dabeeru C), Rheenen, W. (Wouter) van, Rich, S.S. (Stephen), Ridker, P.M. (Paul M), Rietveld, C.A. (Cornelius A), Robino, A. (Antonietta), Rooij, F.J.A. (Frank) van, Ruggiero, D., Saba, Y. (Yasaman), Sabanayagam, C. (Charumathi), Sabater-Lleal, M. (Maria), Sala, C. (Cinzia), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Sandow, K. (Kevin), Schmidt, H. (Helena), Scott, L.J. (Laura J), Scott, W.R. (William R), Sedaghati-Khayat, B. (Bahareh), Sennblad, B. (Bengt), Setten, J. (Jessica) van, Sever, P.J. (Peter J), Sheu, W.H.-H. (Wayne H-H), Shi, Y. (Yuan), Shrestha, S. (Smeeta), Shukla, S.R. (Sharvari Rahul), Sigurdsson, J.K. (Jon K), Sikka, T.T. (Timo Tonis), Singh, J.R. (Jai Rup), Smith, B.H. (Blair), Stancáková, A. (Alena), Stanton, A. (Alice), Starr, J.M. (John), Stefansdottir, L. (Lilja), Straker, L. (Leon), Sulem, P. (Patrick), Sveinbjornsson, G. (Gardar), Swertz, M.A. (Morris A), Taylor, A.M. (Adele M), Taylor, K.D. (Kent), Terzikhan, N. (Natalie), Tham, Y.-C. (Yih-Chung), Thorleifsson, G. (Gudmar), Thorsteinsdottir, U. (Unnur), Tillander, A. (Annika), Tracy, R.P. (Russell), Tusié-Luna, T. (Teresa), Tzoulaki, I., Vaccargiu, S. (Simona), Vangipurapu, J. (Jagadish), Veldink, J.H. (Jan), Vitart, V. (Veronique), Völker, U. (Uwe), Vuoksimaa, E. (Eero), Wakil, S.M. (Salma M), Waldenberger, M. (Melanie), Wander, G.S. (Gurpreet S), Wang, Y.X. (Ya Xing), Wareham, N.J. (Nick), Wild, S.H. (Sarah), Yajnik, C.S. (Chittaranjan S), Yuan, J.-M. (Jian-Min), Zeng, L. (Lingyao), Zhang, L. (Liang), Zhou, J. (Jie), Amin, N. (Najaf), Asselbergs, F.W. (Folkert), Bakker, S.J.L. (Stephan), Becker, D.M. (Diane), Lehne, B. (Benjamin), Bennett, D.A. (David), Berg, L.H. (Leonard) van den, Berndt, S.I. (Sonja), Bharadwaj, D. (Dwaipayan), Bielak, L.F. (Lawrence F.), Bochud, M. (Murielle), Boehnke, M. (Michael), Bouchard, C. (Claude), Bradfield, J.P. (Jonathan), Brody, J.A. (Jennifer A), Campbell, A. (Archie), Carmi, S. (Shai), Caulfield, M. (Mark), Cesarini, D. (David), Chambers, J.C. (John C), Chandak, G.R. (Giriraj), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Ciullo, M. (Marina), Warrington, N.M. (Nicole), Cusi, D. (Daniele), Smith, G.D. (George Davey), Deary, I.J. (Ian J), Dorajoo, R. (Rajkumar), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Ellinghaus, D. (David), Erdmann, J. (Jeanette), Hagen, K. (Knut), Evangelou, E. (Evangelos), Evans, M.K. (Michele), Faul, J.D. (Jessica D), Feenstra, B. (Bjarke), Feitosa, M.F. (Mary Furlan), Foisy, S. (Sylvain), Franke, A. (Andre), Friedlander, Y. (Yechiel), Gasparini, P. (Paolo), Gieger, C. (Christian), Gonzalez, C. (Clicerio), Goyette, P. (Philippe), Grant, S.F.A. (Struan), Griffiths, L.R. (Lyn R), Groop, L. (Leif), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Gyllensten, U. (Ulf), Hakonarson, H. (Hakon), Hamsten, A. (Anders), Harst, P. (Pim) van der, Heng, C.K. (Chew-Kiat), Hicks, A.A. (Andrew A), Hochner, H., Huikuri, H.V. (Heikki), Hunt, S.C. (Steven), Jaddoe, V.W.V. (Vincent), De Jager, P., Johannesson, M. (Magnus), Johansson, A. (Åsa), Jonas, J.B. (Jost B), Jukema, J.W. (Jan Wouter), Junttila, M.J. (Juhani), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Kardia, S.L.R. (Sharon), Karpe, F. (Fredrik), Kumari, M. (Meena), Laakso, M. (Markku), van der Laan, S.W. (Sander W), Lahti, J. (Jari), Laudes, M. (Matthias), Lea, R.A. (Rodney A), Lieb, W. (Wolfgang), Lumley, T. (Thomas), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Ye, S. (Shu), Matullo, G., McCarthy, M.I. (Mark), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Merriman, A., Metspalu, A. (Andres), Meyer, B.F. (Brian F), Mohlke, K.L. (Karen L), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Mook-Kanamori, D. (Dennis), Munroe, P. (Patricia), North, K.E. (Kari), Nyholt, D.R. (Dale), O’connell, J.R. (Jeffery R), Ober, C. (Carole), Oldehinkel, A.J. (Albertine), Palmas, W. (Walter), Pasterkamp, G.G. (Gerard G), Patin, E. (Etienne), Pennell, C.E. (Craig), Perusse, L. (Louis), Peyser, P.A. (Patricia A.), Pirastu, M. (Mario), Polderman, T.J.C. (Tinca), Porteous, D.J. (David J.), Posthuma, D. (Danielle), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce M), Rioux, J.D. (John), Rivadeneira, F. (Fernando), Rotimi, C. (Charles), Rotter, J.I. (Jerome I.), Rudan, I. (Igor), Ruijter, H.M. (Hester ) den, Sanghera, D.K. (Dharambir K), Sattar, N. (Naveed), Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Schulze, M.B. (Matthias), Schunkert, H. (Heribert), Scott, R.A. (Robert), Shuldiner, A.R. (Alan R), Sim, X. (Xueling), Small, N. (Neil), Smith, J.A. (Jennifer A), Sotoodehnia, N. (Nona), Tai, E.-S. (E-Shyong), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Timpson, N.J. (Nicholas), Toniolo, D. (Daniela), Tregouet, D.-A. (David-Alexandre), Tuomi, T. (Tiinamaija), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Wang, C.A. (Carol A), Weir, D.R. (David R), Whitfield, J. (John), Wijmenga, C. (Cisca), Wong, T.-Y. (Tien-Yin), Wright, J. (John), Yang, J. (Jingyun), Yu, L. (Lei), Zemel, B.S. (Babette S.), Zonderman, A.B. (Alan B), Perola, M. (Markus), Magnusson, P.K. (Patrik), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Kooner, J.S. (Jaspal S.), Chasman, D.I. (Daniel), Loos, R.J.F. (Ruth), Franceschini, N. (Nora), Franke, L. (Lude), Haley, C. (Chris), Hayward, C. (Caroline), Walters, R.G. (Robin G), Perry, J.R.B. (John R. B.), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Helgason, A. (Agnar), Zwart, J-A. (John-Anker), Joshi, P.K. (Peter), Kubo, M. (Michiaki), Wilson, J.F. (James), Clark, D.W. (David W), Okada, Y. (Yukinori), Moore, K.H.S. (Kristjan H S), Mason, D. (Dan), Pirastu, N. (Nicola), Gandin, I. (Ilaria), Mattsson, H. (Hannele), Barnes, C.L.K. (Catriona L K), Lin, K. (Kuang), Zhao, J.H. (Jing Hua), Deelen, P. (Patrick), Rohde, R. (Rebecca), Schurmann, C. (Claudia), Guo, X. (Xiuqing), Giulianini, F. (Franco), Zhang, W. (Weihua), Medina-Gomez, M.C. (Carolina), Karlsson, R. (Robert), Bao, Y. (Yanchun), Bartz, T.M. (Traci M), Baumbach, C. (Clemens), Biino, G. (Ginevra), Bixley, M.J. (Matthew J), Brumat, M. (Marco), Chai, J.-F. (Jin-Fang), Corre, T. (Tanguy), Cousminer, D.L. (Diana), Dekker, A.M. (Annelot M), Eccles, D.A. (David A), Eijk, K.R. (Kristel) van, Fuchsberger, C. (Christian), Gao, H. (He), Germain, M. (Marine), Gordon, S.D. (Scott D.), de Haan, H.G. (Hugoline G), Harris, S.E. (Sarah), Hofer, E. (Edith), Huerta-Chagoya, A. (Alicia), Igartua, C. (Catherine), Jansen, I. (Iris), Jia, Y. (Yucheng), Kacprowski, T. (Tim), Karlsson, T. (Torgny), Kleber, M.E. (Marcus), Li, S.A. (Shengchao Alfred), Li-Gao, R. (Ruifang), Mahajan, A. (Anubha), Matsuda, K. (Koichi), Meidtner, K. (Karina), Meng, W. (Weihua), Montasser, M.E. (May E.), Most, P.J. (Peter) van der, Munz, M. (Matthias), Nutile, T. (Teresa), Palviainen, T. (Teemu), Prasad, G. (Gauri), Prasad, R.B. (Rashmi B), Priyanka, T.D.S. (Tallapragada Divya Sri), Rizzi, F. (Federica), Salvi, E. (Erika), Sapkota, B.R. (Bishwa R), Shriner, D. (Daniel), Skotte, L. (Line), Smart, M.C. (Melissa C), Smith, A.V. (Albert), Spek, A. (Ashley) van der, Spracklen, C.N. (Cassandra N), Strawbridge, R.J. (Rona), Tajuddin, S.M. (Salman M), Trompet, S. (Stella), Turman, C. (Constance), Verweij, N. (Niek), Viberti, C. (Clara), Wang, L. (Lihua), Warren, H. (Helen), Wootton, R.E. (Robyn E), Yanek, L.R. (Lisa), Yao, J. (Jie), Yousri, N.A. (Noha A), Zhao, W. (Wei), Adeyemo, A.A. (Adebowale A), Afaq, S. (Saima), Aguilar-Salinas, C.A. (Carlos Alberto), Akiyama, M. (Masato), Albert, M.L. (Matthew L), Allison, M.A. (Matthew A), Alver, M. (Maris), Aung, T. (Tin), Azizi, J. (Joshan), Bentley, A.R. (Amy), Boeing, H. (Heiner), Boerwinkle, E.A. (Eric), Borja, J.B. (Judith B), Borst, G.J. (Gert) de, Bottinger, E.P. (Erwin), Broer, L. (Linda), Campbell, H. (Harry), Chanock, S.J. (Stephen), Chee, M.-L. (Miao-Li), Chen, G. (Guanjie), Chen, Y.-D.I. (Yii-Der I), Chen, Z. (Zhengming), Chiu, Y.-F. (Yen-Feng), Cocca, M. (Massimiliano), Collins, F.S. (Francis), Concas, M.P. (Maria Pina), Corley, J. (Janie), Cugliari, G. (Giovanni), Dam, R.M. (Rob) van, Damulina, A. (Anna), Daneshpour, M.S. (Maryam S), Day, F.R. (Felix), Delgado, G., Dhana, K. (Klodian), Doney, A.S.F. (Alex), Dörr, M. (Marcus), Doumatey, A. (Ayo), Dzimiri, N. (Nduna), Ebenesersdóttir, S.S. (S Sunna), Elliott, J. (Joshua), Elliott, P. (Paul), Ewert, R. (Ralf), Felix, J.F. (Janine), Fischer, K. (Krista), Freedman, B.I. (Barry), Girotto, S., Goel, A. (Anuj), Gögele, M. (Martin), Goodarzi, M. (Mark), Graff, M.J. (Maud J.L.), Granot-Hershkovitz, E. (Einat), Grodstein, F. (Francine), Guarrera, S. (Simonetta), Gudbjartsson, D.F. (Daniel), Guity, K. (Kamran), Gunnarsson, B. (Bjarni), Guo, Y. (Yu), Hagenaars, S.P. (Saskia P), Haiman, C.A. (Christopher), Halevy, A. (Avner), Harris, T.B. (Tamara B), Hedayati, M. (Mehdi), Heel, D.A. (David) van, Hirata, M. (Makoto), Höfer, I. (Imo), Hsiung, C.A. (Chao Agnes), Huang, J. (Jinyan), Hung, Y.-J. (Yi-Jen), Ikram, M.A. (Arfan), Jagadeesan, A. (Anuradha), Jousilahti, P. (Pekka), Kamatani, Y. (Yoichiro), Kanai, M. (Masahiro), Kerrison, N.D. (Nicola D), Kessler, T. (Thorsten), Khaw, K.-T. (Kay-Tee), Khor, C.C., Kleijn, D.P.V. (Dominique) de, Koh, W.-P. (Woon-Puay), Kolcic, I. (Ivana), Kraft, P. (Peter), Krämer, B.K. (Bernhard), Kutalik, Z. (Zoltán), Kuusisto, J. (Johanna), Langenberg, C. (Claudia), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Lawlor, D.A. (Debbie), Lee, I.-T. (I-Te), Lee, W.-J. (Wen-Jane), Lerch, M. (M.), Li, L. (Liming), Liu, J. (Jianjun), Loh, M. (Marie), London, S.J. (Stephanie J), Loomis, S.J. (Stephanie J.), Lu, Y. (Yingchang), Luan, J. (Jian’an), Mägi, R. (Reedik), Manichaikul, A.W. (Ani W), Manunta, P. (Paolo), Masson, G. (Gisli), Matoba, N. (Nana), Mei, X.W. (Xue W), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Meitinger, T. (Thomas), Mezzavilla, M. (Massimo), Milani, L. (Lili), Millwood, I.Y. (Iona), Momozawa, Y. (Yukihide), Moore, A. (Amy), Morange, P.-E. (P.), Moreno-Macías, H. (Hortensia), Mori, T.A. (Trevor A), Morrison, A.C. (Alanna), Muka, T. (Taulant), Murakami, Y. (Yoshinori), Murray, A.D. (Alison D), Mutsert, R. (Reneé) de, Mychaleckyj, J.C. (Josyf), Nalls, M.A. (Michael), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Neville, M.J. (Matthew), Nolte, I.M. (Ilja), Ong, K.K. (Ken K), Orozco, L. (Lorena), Padmanabhan, S. (Sandosh), Pálsson, G. (Gunnar), Palmer, C.N.A. (Colin), Penninx, B.W.J.H., Pattie, A. (Alison), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Poulter, N.R. (Neil), Pramstaller, P.P. (Peter P), Quintana-Murci, L. (Lluis), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Ralhan, S. (Sarju), Rao, D.C. (Dabeeru C), Rheenen, W. (Wouter) van, Rich, S.S. (Stephen), Ridker, P.M. (Paul M), Rietveld, C.A. (Cornelius A), Robino, A. (Antonietta), Rooij, F.J.A. (Frank) van, Ruggiero, D., Saba, Y. (Yasaman), Sabanayagam, C. (Charumathi), Sabater-Lleal, M. (Maria), Sala, C. (Cinzia), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Sandow, K. (Kevin), Schmidt, H. (Helena), Scott, L.J. (Laura J), Scott, W.R. (William R), Sedaghati-Khayat, B. (Bahareh), Sennblad, B. (Bengt), Setten, J. (Jessica) van, Sever, P.J. (Peter J), Sheu, W.H.-H. (Wayne H-H), Shi, Y. (Yuan), Shrestha, S. (Smeeta), Shukla, S.R. (Sharvari Rahul), Sigurdsson, J.K. (Jon K), Sikka, T.T. (Timo Tonis), Singh, J.R. (Jai Rup), Smith, B.H. (Blair), Stancáková, A. (Alena), Stanton, A. (Alice), Starr, J.M. (John), Stefansdottir, L. (Lilja), Straker, L. (Leon), Sulem, P. (Patrick), Sveinbjornsson, G. (Gardar), Swertz, M.A. (Morris A), Taylor, A.M. (Adele M), Taylor, K.D. (Kent), Terzikhan, N. (Natalie), Tham, Y.-C. (Yih-Chung), Thorleifsson, G. (Gudmar), Thorsteinsdottir, U. (Unnur), Tillander, A. (Annika), Tracy, R.P. (Russell), Tusié-Luna, T. (Teresa), Tzoulaki, I., Vaccargiu, S. (Simona), Vangipurapu, J. (Jagadish), Veldink, J.H. (Jan), Vitart, V. (Veronique), Völker, U. (Uwe), Vuoksimaa, E. (Eero), Wakil, S.M. (Salma M), Waldenberger, M. (Melanie), Wander, G.S. (Gurpreet S), Wang, Y.X. (Ya Xing), Wareham, N.J. (Nick), Wild, S.H. (Sarah), Yajnik, C.S. (Chittaranjan S), Yuan, J.-M. (Jian-Min), Zeng, L. (Lingyao), Zhang, L. (Liang), Zhou, J. (Jie), Amin, N. (Najaf), Asselbergs, F.W. (Folkert), Bakker, S.J.L. (Stephan), Becker, D.M. (Diane), Lehne, B. (Benjamin), Bennett, D.A. (David), Berg, L.H. (Leonard) van den, Berndt, S.I. (Sonja), Bharadwaj, D. (Dwaipayan), Bielak, L.F. (Lawrence F.), Bochud, M. (Murielle), Boehnke, M. (Michael), Bouchard, C. (Claude), Bradfield, J.P. (Jonathan), Brody, J.A. (Jennifer A), Campbell, A. (Archie), Carmi, S. (Shai), Caulfield, M. (Mark), Cesarini, D. (David), Chambers, J.C. (John C), Chandak, G.R. (Giriraj), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Ciullo, M. (Marina), Warrington, N.M. (Nicole), Cusi, D. (Daniele), Smith, G.D. (George Davey), Deary, I.J. (Ian J), Dorajoo, R. (Rajkumar), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Ellinghaus, D. (David), Erdmann, J. (Jeanette), Hagen, K. (Knut), Evangelou, E. (Evangelos), Evans, M.K. (Michele), Faul, J.D. (Jessica D), Feenstra, B. (Bjarke), Feitosa, M.F. (Mary Furlan), Foisy, S. (Sylvain), Franke, A. (Andre), Friedlander, Y. (Yechiel), Gasparini, P. (Paolo), Gieger, C. (Christian), Gonzalez, C. (Clicerio), Goyette, P. (Philippe), Grant, S.F.A. (Struan), Griffiths, L.R. (Lyn R), Groop, L. (Leif), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Gyllensten, U. (Ulf), Hakonarson, H. (Hakon), Hamsten, A. (Anders), Harst, P. (Pim) van der, Heng, C.K. (Chew-Kiat), Hicks, A.A. (Andrew A), Hochner, H., Huikuri, H.V. (Heikki), Hunt, S.C. (Steven), Jaddoe, V.W.V. (Vincent), De Jager, P., Johannesson, M. (Magnus), Johansson, A. (Åsa), Jonas, J.B. (Jost B), Jukema, J.W. (Jan Wouter), Junttila, M.J. (Juhani), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Kardia, S.L.R. (Sharon), Karpe, F. (Fredrik), Kumari, M. (Meena), Laakso, M. (Markku), van der Laan, S.W. (Sander W), Lahti, J. (Jari), Laudes, M. (Matthias), Lea, R.A. (Rodney A), Lieb, W. (Wolfgang), Lumley, T. (Thomas), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Ye, S. (Shu), Matullo, G., McCarthy, M.I. (Mark), Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Merriman, A., Metspalu, A. (Andres), Meyer, B.F. (Brian F), Mohlke, K.L. (Karen L), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant), Mook-Kanamori, D. (Dennis), Munroe, P. (Patricia), North, K.E. (Kari), Nyholt, D.R. (Dale), O’connell, J.R. (Jeffery R), Ober, C. (Carole), Oldehinkel, A.J. (Albertine), Palmas, W. (Walter), Pasterkamp, G.G. (Gerard G), Patin, E. (Etienne), Pennell, C.E. (Craig), Perusse, L. (Louis), Peyser, P.A. (Patricia A.), Pirastu, M. (Mario), Polderman, T.J.C. (Tinca), Porteous, D.J. (David J.), Posthuma, D. (Danielle), Psaty, B.M. (Bruce M), Rioux, J.D. (John), Rivadeneira, F. (Fernando), Rotimi, C. (Charles), Rotter, J.I. (Jerome I.), Rudan, I. (Igor), Ruijter, H.M. (Hester ) den, Sanghera, D.K. (Dharambir K), Sattar, N. (Naveed), Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Schulze, M.B. (Matthias), Schunkert, H. (Heribert), Scott, R.A. (Robert), Shuldiner, A.R. (Alan R), Sim, X. (Xueling), Small, N. (Neil), Smith, J.A. (Jennifer A), Sotoodehnia, N. (Nona), Tai, E.-S. (E-Shyong), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Timpson, N.J. (Nicholas), Toniolo, D. (Daniela), Tregouet, D.-A. (David-Alexandre), Tuomi, T. (Tiinamaija), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Wang, C.A. (Carol A), Weir, D.R. (David R), Whitfield, J. (John), Wijmenga, C. (Cisca), Wong, T.-Y. (Tien-Yin), Wright, J. (John), Yang, J. (Jingyun), Yu, L. (Lei), Zemel, B.S. (Babette S.), Zonderman, A.B. (Alan B), Perola, M. (Markus), Magnusson, P.K. (Patrik), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Kooner, J.S. (Jaspal S.), Chasman, D.I. (Daniel), Loos, R.J.F. (Ruth), Franceschini, N. (Nora), Franke, L. (Lude), Haley, C. (Chris), Hayward, C. (Caroline), Walters, R.G. (Robin G), Perry, J.R.B. (John R. B.), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Helgason, A. (Agnar), Zwart, J-A. (John-Anker), Joshi, P.K. (Peter), Kubo, M. (Michiaki), and Wilson, J.F. (James)

Abstract

In many species, the offspring of related parents suffer reduced reproductive success, a phenomenon known as inbreeding depression. In humans, the importance of this effect has remained unclear, partly because reproduction between close relatives is both rare and frequently associated with confounding social factors. Here, using genomic inbreeding coefficients (FROH) for >1.4 million individuals, we show that FROH is significantly associated (p < 0.0005) with apparently deleterious changes in 32 out of 100 traits analysed. These changes are associated with runs of homozygosity (ROH), but not with common variant homozygosity, suggesting that genetic variants associated with inbreeding depression are predominantly rare. The effect on fertility is striking: FROH equivalent to the offspring of first cousins is associated with a 55% decrease [95% CI 44–66%] in the odds of having children. Finally, the effects of FROH are confirmed within full-sibling pairs, where the variation in FROH is independent of all environmental confounding.

Published
2019
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38. Associations of autozygosity with a broad range of human phenotypes

Author

Clark, D. W. (David W.), Okada, Y. (Yukinori), Moore, K. H. (Kristjan H. S.), Mason, D. (Dan), Pirastu, N. (Nicola), Gandin, I. (Ilaria), Mattsson, H. (Hannele), Barnes, C. L. (Catriona L. K.), Lin, K. (Kuang), Zhao, J. H. (Jing Hua), Deelen, P. (Patrick), Rohde, R. (Rebecca), Schurmann, C. (Claudia), Guo, X. (Xiuqing), Giulianini, F. (Franco), Zhang, W. (Weihua), Medina-Gomez, C. (Carolina), Karlsson, R. (Robert), Bao, Y. (Yanchun), Bartz, T. M. (Traci M.), Baumbach, C. (Clemens), Biino, G. (Ginevra), Bixley, M. J. (Matthew J.), Brumat, M. (Marco), Chai, J.-F. (Jin-Fang), Corre, T. (Tanguy), Cousminer, D. L. (Diana L.), Dekker, A. M. (Annelot M.), Eccles, D. A. (David A.), Van Eijk, K. R. (Kristel R.), Fuchsberger, C. (Christian), Gao, H. (He), Germain, M. (Marine), Gordon, S. D. (Scott D.), de Haan, H. G. (Hugoline G.), Harris, S. E. (Sarah E.), Hofer, E. (Edith), Huerta-Chagoya, A. (Alicia), Igartua, C. (Catherine), Jansen, I. E. (Iris E.), Jia, Y. (Yucheng), Kacprowski, T. (Tim), Karlsson, T. (Torgny), Kleber, M. E. (Marcus E.), Li, S. A. (Shengchao Alfred), Li-Gao, R. (Ruifang), Mahajan, A. (Anubha), Matsuda, K. (Koichi), Meidtner, K. (Karina), Meng, W. (Weihua), Montasser, M. E. (May E.), van der Most, P. J. (Peter J.), Munz, M. (Matthias), Nutile, T. (Teresa), Palviainen, T. (Teemu), Prasad, G. (Gauri), Prasad, R. B. (Rashmi B.), Priyanka, T. D. (Tallapragada Divya Sri), Rizzi, F. (Federica), Salvi, E. (Erika), Sapkota, B. R. (Bishwa R.), Shriner, D. (Daniel), Skotte, L. (Line), Smart, M. C. (Melissa C.), Smith, A. V. (Albert Vernon), van der Spek, A. (Ashley), Spracklen, C. N. (Cassandra N.), Strawbridge, R. J. (Rona J.), Tajuddin, S. M. (Salman M.), Trompet, S. (Stella), Turman, C. (Constance), Verweij, N. (Niek), Viberti, C. (Clara), Wang, L. (Lihua), Warren, H. R. (Helen R.), Wootton, R. E. (Robyn E.), Yanek, L. R. (Lisa R.), Yao, J. (Jie), Yousri, N. A. (Noha A.), Zhao, W. (Wei), Adeyemo, A. A. (Adebowale A.), Afaq, S. (Saima), Alberto Aguilar-Salinas, C. (Carlos), Akiyama, M. (Masato), Albert, M. L. (Matthew L.), Allison, M. A. (Matthew A.), Alver, M. (Maris), Aung, T. (Tin), Azizi, F. (Fereidoun), Bentley, A. R. (Amy R.), Boeing, H. (Heiner), Boerwinkle, E. (Eric), Borja, J. B. (Judith B.), de Borst, G. J. (Gert J.), Bottinger, E. P. (Erwin P.), Broer, L. (Linda), Campbell, H. (Harry), Chanock, S. (Stephen), Chee, M.-L. (Miao-Li), Chen, G. (Guanjie), Chen, Y. I. (Yii-Der I.), Chen, Z. (Zhengming), Chiu, Y.-F. (Yen-Feng), Cocca, M. (Massimiliano), Collins, F. S. (Francis S.), Concas, M. P. (Maria Pina), Corley, J. (Janie), Cugliari, G. (Giovanni), Van Dam, R. M. (Rob M.), Damulina, A. (Anna), Daneshpour, M. S. (Maryam S.), Day, F. R. (Felix R.), Delgado, G. E. (Graciela E.), Dhana, K. (Klodian), Doney, A. S. (Alexander S. F.), Doerr, M. (Marcus), Doumatey, A. P. (Ayo P.), Dzimiri, N. (Nduna), Ebenesersdottir, S. S. (S. Sunna), Elliott, J. (Joshua), Elliott, P. (Paul), Ewert, R. (Ralf), Felix, J. F. (Janine F.), Fischer, K. (Krista), Freedman, B. I. (Barry I.), Girotto, G. (Giorgia), Goel, A. (Anuj), Gogele, M. (Martin), Goodarzi, M. O. (Mark O.), Graff, M. (Mariaelisa), Granot-Hershkovitz, E. (Einat), Grodstein, F. (Francine), Guarrera, S. (Simonetta), Gudbjartsson, D. F. (Daniel F.), Guity, K. (Kamran), Gunnarsson, B. (Bjarni), Guo, Y. (Yu), Hagenaars, S. P. (Saskia P.), Haiman, C. A. (Christopher A.), Halevy, A. (Avner), Harris, T. B. (Tamara B.), Hedayati, M. (Mehdi), van Heel, D. A. (David A.), Hirata, M. (Makoto), Hofer, I. (Imo), Hsiung, C. A. (Chao Agnes), Huang, J. (Jinyan), Hung, Y.-J. (Yi-Jen), Ikram, M. A. (M. Arfan), Jagadeesan, A. (Anuradha), Jousilahti, P. (Pekka), Kamatani, Y. (Yoichiro), Kanai, M. (Masahiro), Kerrison, N. D. (Nicola D.), Kessler, T. (Thorsten), Khaw, K.-T. (Kay-Tee), Khor, C. C. (Chiea Chuen), de Kleijn, D. P. (Dominique P. V.), Koh, W.-P. (Woon-Puay), Kolcic, I. (Ivana), Kraft, P. (Peter), Kramer, B. K. (Bernhard K.), Kutalik, Z. (Zoltan), Kuusisto, J. (Johanna), Langenberg, C. (Claudia), Launer, L. J. (Lenore J.), Lawlor, D. A. (Deborah A.), Lee, I.-T. (I-Te), Lee, W.-J. (Wen-Jane), Lerch, M. M. (Markus M.), Li, L. (Liming), Liu, J. (Jianjun), Loh, M. (Marie), London, S. J. (Stephanie J.), Loomis, S. (Stephanie), Lu, Y. (Yingchang), Luan, J. (Jian'an), Magi, R. (Reedik), Manichaikul, A. W. (Ani W.), Manunta, P. (Paolo), Masson, G. (Gisli), Matoba, N. (Nana), Mei, X. W. (Xue W.), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Meitinger, T. (Thomas), Mezzavilla, M. (Massimo), Milani, L. (Lili), Millwood, I. Y. (Iona Y.), Momozawa, Y. (Yukihide), Moore, A. (Amy), Morange, P.-E. (Pierre-Emmanuel), Moreno-Macias, H. (Hortensia), Mori, T. A. (Trevor A.), Morrison, A. C. (Alanna C.), Muka, T. (Taulant), Murakami, Y. (Yoshinori), Murray, A. D. (Alison D.), de Mutsert, R. (Renee), Mychaleckyj, J. C. (Josyf C.), Nalls, M. A. (Mike A.), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Neville, M. J. (Matt J.), Nolte, I. M. (Ilja M.), Ong, K. K. (Ken K.), Orozco, L. (Lorena), Padmanabhan, S. (Sandosh), Palsson, G. (Gunnar), Pankow, J. S. (James S.), Pattaro, C. (Cristian), Pattie, A. (Alison), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Poulter, N. (Neil), Pramstaller, P. P. (Peter P.), Quintana-Murci, L. (Lluis), Raikkonen, K. (Katri), Ralhan, S. (Sarju), Rao, D. C. (Dabeeru C.), van Rheenen, W. (Wouter), Rich, S. S. (Stephen S.), Ridker, P. M. (Paul M.), Rietveld, C. A. (Cornelius A.), Robino, A. (Antonietta), van Rooij, F. J. (Frank J. A.), Ruggiero, D. (Daniela), Saba, Y. (Yasaman), Sabanayagam, C. (Charumathi), Sabater-Lleal, M. (Maria), Felicita Sala, C. (Cinzia), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Sandow, K. (Kevin), Schmidt, H. (Helena), Scott, L. J. (Laura J.), Scott, W. R. (William R.), Sedaghati-Khayat, B. (Bahareh), Sennblad, B. (Bengt), van Setten, J. (Jessica), Sever, P. J. (Peter J.), Sheu, W. H. (Wayne H-H), Shi, Y. (Yuan), Shrestha, S. (Smeeta), Shukla, S. R. (Sharvari Rahul), Sigurdsson, J. K. (Jon K.), Sikka, T. T. (Timo Tonis), Singh, J. R. (Jai Rup), Smith, B. H. (Blair H.), Stancakova, A. (Alena), Stanton, A. (Alice), Starr, J. M. (John M.), Stefansdottir, L. (Lilja), Straker, L. (Leon), Sulem, P. (Patrick), Sveinbjornsson, G. (Gardar), Swertz, M. A. (Morris A.), Taylor, A. M. (Adele M.), Taylor, K. D. (Kent D.), Terzikhan, N. (Natalie), Tham, Y.-C. (Yih-Chung), Thorleifsson, G. (Gudmar), Thorsteinsdottir, U. (Unnur), Tillander, A. (Annika), Tracy, R. P. (Russell P.), Tusie-Luna, T. (Teresa), Tzoulaki, I. (Ioanna), Vaccargiu, S. (Simona), Vangipurapu, J. (Jagadish), Veldink, J. H. (Jan H.), Vitart, V. (Veronique), Volker, U. (Uwe), Vuoksimaa, E. (Eero), Wakil, S. M. (Salma M.), Waldenberger, M. (Melanie), Wander, G. S. (Gurpreet S.), Wang, Y. X. (Ya Xing), Wareham, N. J. (Nicholas J.), Wild, S. (Sarah), Yajnik, C. S. (Chittaranjan S.), Yuan, J.-M. (Jian-Min), Zeng, L. (Lingyao), Zhang, L. (Liang), Zhou, J. (Jie), Amin, N. (Najaf), Asselbergs, F. W. (Folkert W.), Bakker, S. J. (Stephan J. L.), Becker, D. M. (Diane M.), Lehne, B. (Benjamin), Bennett, D. A. (David A.), van den Berg, L. H. (Leonard H.), Berndt, S. I. (Sonja I.), Bharadwaj, D. (Dwaipayan), Bielak, L. F. (Lawrence F.), Bochud, M. (Murielle), Boehnke, M. (Mike), Bouchard, C. (Claude), Bradfield, J. P. (Jonathan P.), Brody, J. A. (Jennifer A.), Campbell, A. (Archie), Carmi, S. (Shai), Caulfield, M. J. (Mark J.), Cesarini, D. (David), Chambers, J. C. (John C.), Chandak, G. R. (Giriraj Ratan), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Ciullo, M. (Marina), Cornelis, M. (Marilyn), Cusi, D. (Daniele), Smith, G. D. (George Davey), Deary, I. J. (Ian J.), Dorajoo, R. (Rajkumar), van Duijn, C. M. (Cornelia M.), Ellinghaus, D. (David), Erdmann, J. (Jeanette), Eriksson, J. G. (Johan G.), Evangelou, E. (Evangelos), Evans, M. K. (Michele K.), Faul, J. D. (Jessica D.), Feenstra, B. (Bjarke), Feitosa, M. (Mary), Foisy, S. (Sylvain), Franke, A. (Andre), Friedlander, Y. (Yechiel), Gasparini, P. (Paolo), Gieger, C. (Christian), Gonzalez, C. (Clicerio), Goyette, P. (Philippe), Grant, S. F. (Struan F. A.), Griffiths, L. R. (Lyn R.), Groop, L. (Leif), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Gyllensten, U. (Ulf), Hakonarson, H. (Hakon), Hamsten, A. (Anders), van der Harst, P. (Pim), Heng, C.-K. (Chew-Kiat), Hicks, A. A. (Andrew A.), Hochner, H. (Hagit), Huikuri, H. (Heikki), Hunt, S. C. (Steven C.), Jaddoe, V. W. (Vincent W. V.), De Jager, P. L. (Philip L.), Johannesson, M. (Magnus), Johansson, A. (Asa), Jonas, J. B. (Jost B.), Jukema, J. W. (J. Wouter), Junttila, J. (Juhani), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Kardia, S. L. (Sharon L. R.), Karpe, F. (Fredrik), Kumari, M. (Meena), Laakso, M. (Markku), van der Laan, S. W. (Sander W.), Lahti, J. (Jari), Laudes, M. (Matthias), Lea, R. A. (Rodney A.), Lieb, W. (Wolfgang), Lumley, T. (Thomas), Martin, N. G. (Nicholas G.), Marz, W. (Winfried), Matullo, G. (Giuseppe), McCarthy, M. I. (Mark I.), Medland, S. E. (Sarah E.), Merriman, T. R. (Tony R.), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Meyer, B. F. (Brian F.), Mohlke, K. L. (Karen L.), Montgomery, G. W. (Grant W.), Mook-Kanamori, D. (Dennis), Munroe, P. B. (Patricia B.), North, K. E. (Kari E.), Nyholt, D. R. (Dale R.), O'connell, J. R. (Jeffery R.), Ober, C. (Carole), Oldehinkel, A. J. (Albertine J.), Palmas, W. (Walter), Palmer, C. (Colin), Pasterkamp, G. G. (Gerard G.), Patin, E. (Etienne), Pennell, C. E. (Craig E.), Perusse, L. (Louis), Peyser, P. A. (Patricia A.), Pirastu, M. (Mario), Polderman, T. J. (Tinca J. C.), Porteous, D. J. (David J.), Posthuma, D. (Danielle), Psaty, B. M. (Bruce M.), Rioux, J. D. (John D.), Rivadeneira, F. (Fernando), Rotimi, C. (Charles), Rotter, J. I. (Jerome I.), Rudan, I. (Igor), Den Ruijter, H. M. (Hester M.), Sanghera, D. K. (Dharambir K.), Sattar, N. (Naveed), Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Schulze, M. B. (Matthias B.), Schunkert, H. (Heribert), Scott, R. A. (Robert A.), Shuldiner, A. R. (Alan R.), Sim, X. (Xueling), Small, N. (Neil), Smith, J. A. (Jennifer A.), Sotoodehnia, N. (Nona), Tai, E.-S. (E-Shyong), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Timpson, N. J. (Nicholas J.), Toniolo, D. (Daniela), Tregouet, D.-A. (David-Alexandre), Tuomi, T. (Tiinamaija), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Wang, C. A. (Carol A.), Weir, D. R. (David R.), Whitfield, J. B. (John B.), Wijmenga, C. (Cisca), Wong, T.-Y. (Tien-Yin), Wright, J. (John), Yang, J. (Jingyun), Yu, L. (Lei), Zemel, B. S. (Babette S.), Zonderman, A. B. (Alan B.), Perola, M. (Markus), Magnusson, P. K. (Patrik K. E.), Uitterlinden, A. G. (Andre G.), Kooner, J. S. (Jaspal S.), Chasman, D. I. (Daniel I.), Loos, R. J. (Ruth J. F.), Franceschini, N. (Nora), Franke, L. (Lude), Haley, C. S. (Chris S.), Hayward, C. (Caroline), Walters, R. G. (Robin G.), Perry, J. R. (John R. B.), Esko, T. (Tonu), Helgason, A. (Agnar), Stefansson, K. (Kari), Joshi, P. K. (Peter K.), Kubo, M. (Michiaki), Wilson, J. F. (James F.), Clark, D. W. (David W.), Okada, Y. (Yukinori), Moore, K. H. (Kristjan H. S.), Mason, D. (Dan), Pirastu, N. (Nicola), Gandin, I. (Ilaria), Mattsson, H. (Hannele), Barnes, C. L. (Catriona L. K.), Lin, K. (Kuang), Zhao, J. H. (Jing Hua), Deelen, P. (Patrick), Rohde, R. (Rebecca), Schurmann, C. (Claudia), Guo, X. (Xiuqing), Giulianini, F. (Franco), Zhang, W. (Weihua), Medina-Gomez, C. (Carolina), Karlsson, R. (Robert), Bao, Y. (Yanchun), Bartz, T. M. (Traci M.), Baumbach, C. (Clemens), Biino, G. (Ginevra), Bixley, M. J. (Matthew J.), Brumat, M. (Marco), Chai, J.-F. (Jin-Fang), Corre, T. (Tanguy), Cousminer, D. L. (Diana L.), Dekker, A. M. (Annelot M.), Eccles, D. A. (David A.), Van Eijk, K. R. (Kristel R.), Fuchsberger, C. (Christian), Gao, H. (He), Germain, M. (Marine), Gordon, S. D. (Scott D.), de Haan, H. G. (Hugoline G.), Harris, S. E. (Sarah E.), Hofer, E. (Edith), Huerta-Chagoya, A. (Alicia), Igartua, C. (Catherine), Jansen, I. E. (Iris E.), Jia, Y. (Yucheng), Kacprowski, T. (Tim), Karlsson, T. (Torgny), Kleber, M. E. (Marcus E.), Li, S. A. (Shengchao Alfred), Li-Gao, R. (Ruifang), Mahajan, A. (Anubha), Matsuda, K. (Koichi), Meidtner, K. (Karina), Meng, W. (Weihua), Montasser, M. E. (May E.), van der Most, P. J. (Peter J.), Munz, M. (Matthias), Nutile, T. (Teresa), Palviainen, T. (Teemu), Prasad, G. (Gauri), Prasad, R. B. (Rashmi B.), Priyanka, T. D. (Tallapragada Divya Sri), Rizzi, F. (Federica), Salvi, E. (Erika), Sapkota, B. R. (Bishwa R.), Shriner, D. (Daniel), Skotte, L. (Line), Smart, M. C. (Melissa C.), Smith, A. V. (Albert Vernon), van der Spek, A. (Ashley), Spracklen, C. N. (Cassandra N.), Strawbridge, R. J. (Rona J.), Tajuddin, S. M. (Salman M.), Trompet, S. (Stella), Turman, C. (Constance), Verweij, N. (Niek), Viberti, C. (Clara), Wang, L. (Lihua), Warren, H. R. (Helen R.), Wootton, R. E. (Robyn E.), Yanek, L. R. (Lisa R.), Yao, J. (Jie), Yousri, N. A. (Noha A.), Zhao, W. (Wei), Adeyemo, A. A. (Adebowale A.), Afaq, S. (Saima), Alberto Aguilar-Salinas, C. (Carlos), Akiyama, M. (Masato), Albert, M. L. (Matthew L.), Allison, M. A. (Matthew A.), Alver, M. (Maris), Aung, T. (Tin), Azizi, F. (Fereidoun), Bentley, A. R. (Amy R.), Boeing, H. (Heiner), Boerwinkle, E. (Eric), Borja, J. B. (Judith B.), de Borst, G. J. (Gert J.), Bottinger, E. P. (Erwin P.), Broer, L. (Linda), Campbell, H. (Harry), Chanock, S. (Stephen), Chee, M.-L. (Miao-Li), Chen, G. (Guanjie), Chen, Y. I. (Yii-Der I.), Chen, Z. (Zhengming), Chiu, Y.-F. (Yen-Feng), Cocca, M. (Massimiliano), Collins, F. S. (Francis S.), Concas, M. P. (Maria Pina), Corley, J. (Janie), Cugliari, G. (Giovanni), Van Dam, R. M. (Rob M.), Damulina, A. (Anna), Daneshpour, M. S. (Maryam S.), Day, F. R. (Felix R.), Delgado, G. E. (Graciela E.), Dhana, K. (Klodian), Doney, A. S. (Alexander S. F.), Doerr, M. (Marcus), Doumatey, A. P. (Ayo P.), Dzimiri, N. (Nduna), Ebenesersdottir, S. S. (S. Sunna), Elliott, J. (Joshua), Elliott, P. (Paul), Ewert, R. (Ralf), Felix, J. F. (Janine F.), Fischer, K. (Krista), Freedman, B. I. (Barry I.), Girotto, G. (Giorgia), Goel, A. (Anuj), Gogele, M. (Martin), Goodarzi, M. O. (Mark O.), Graff, M. (Mariaelisa), Granot-Hershkovitz, E. (Einat), Grodstein, F. (Francine), Guarrera, S. (Simonetta), Gudbjartsson, D. F. (Daniel F.), Guity, K. (Kamran), Gunnarsson, B. (Bjarni), Guo, Y. (Yu), Hagenaars, S. P. (Saskia P.), Haiman, C. A. (Christopher A.), Halevy, A. (Avner), Harris, T. B. (Tamara B.), Hedayati, M. (Mehdi), van Heel, D. A. (David A.), Hirata, M. (Makoto), Hofer, I. (Imo), Hsiung, C. A. (Chao Agnes), Huang, J. (Jinyan), Hung, Y.-J. (Yi-Jen), Ikram, M. A. (M. Arfan), Jagadeesan, A. (Anuradha), Jousilahti, P. (Pekka), Kamatani, Y. (Yoichiro), Kanai, M. (Masahiro), Kerrison, N. D. (Nicola D.), Kessler, T. (Thorsten), Khaw, K.-T. (Kay-Tee), Khor, C. C. (Chiea Chuen), de Kleijn, D. P. (Dominique P. V.), Koh, W.-P. (Woon-Puay), Kolcic, I. (Ivana), Kraft, P. (Peter), Kramer, B. K. (Bernhard K.), Kutalik, Z. (Zoltan), Kuusisto, J. (Johanna), Langenberg, C. (Claudia), Launer, L. J. (Lenore J.), Lawlor, D. A. (Deborah A.), Lee, I.-T. (I-Te), Lee, W.-J. (Wen-Jane), Lerch, M. M. (Markus M.), Li, L. (Liming), Liu, J. (Jianjun), Loh, M. (Marie), London, S. J. (Stephanie J.), Loomis, S. (Stephanie), Lu, Y. (Yingchang), Luan, J. (Jian'an), Magi, R. (Reedik), Manichaikul, A. W. (Ani W.), Manunta, P. (Paolo), Masson, G. (Gisli), Matoba, N. (Nana), Mei, X. W. (Xue W.), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Meitinger, T. (Thomas), Mezzavilla, M. (Massimo), Milani, L. (Lili), Millwood, I. Y. (Iona Y.), Momozawa, Y. (Yukihide), Moore, A. (Amy), Morange, P.-E. (Pierre-Emmanuel), Moreno-Macias, H. (Hortensia), Mori, T. A. (Trevor A.), Morrison, A. C. (Alanna C.), Muka, T. (Taulant), Murakami, Y. (Yoshinori), Murray, A. D. (Alison D.), de Mutsert, R. (Renee), Mychaleckyj, J. C. (Josyf C.), Nalls, M. A. (Mike A.), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Neville, M. J. (Matt J.), Nolte, I. M. (Ilja M.), Ong, K. K. (Ken K.), Orozco, L. (Lorena), Padmanabhan, S. (Sandosh), Palsson, G. (Gunnar), Pankow, J. S. (James S.), Pattaro, C. (Cristian), Pattie, A. (Alison), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Poulter, N. (Neil), Pramstaller, P. P. (Peter P.), Quintana-Murci, L. (Lluis), Raikkonen, K. (Katri), Ralhan, S. (Sarju), Rao, D. C. (Dabeeru C.), van Rheenen, W. (Wouter), Rich, S. S. (Stephen S.), Ridker, P. M. (Paul M.), Rietveld, C. A. (Cornelius A.), Robino, A. (Antonietta), van Rooij, F. J. (Frank J. A.), Ruggiero, D. (Daniela), Saba, Y. (Yasaman), Sabanayagam, C. (Charumathi), Sabater-Lleal, M. (Maria), Felicita Sala, C. (Cinzia), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Sandow, K. (Kevin), Schmidt, H. (Helena), Scott, L. J. (Laura J.), Scott, W. R. (William R.), Sedaghati-Khayat, B. (Bahareh), Sennblad, B. (Bengt), van Setten, J. (Jessica), Sever, P. J. (Peter J.), Sheu, W. H. (Wayne H-H), Shi, Y. (Yuan), Shrestha, S. (Smeeta), Shukla, S. R. (Sharvari Rahul), Sigurdsson, J. K. (Jon K.), Sikka, T. T. (Timo Tonis), Singh, J. R. (Jai Rup), Smith, B. H. (Blair H.), Stancakova, A. (Alena), Stanton, A. (Alice), Starr, J. M. (John M.), Stefansdottir, L. (Lilja), Straker, L. (Leon), Sulem, P. (Patrick), Sveinbjornsson, G. (Gardar), Swertz, M. A. (Morris A.), Taylor, A. M. (Adele M.), Taylor, K. D. (Kent D.), Terzikhan, N. (Natalie), Tham, Y.-C. (Yih-Chung), Thorleifsson, G. (Gudmar), Thorsteinsdottir, U. (Unnur), Tillander, A. (Annika), Tracy, R. P. (Russell P.), Tusie-Luna, T. (Teresa), Tzoulaki, I. (Ioanna), Vaccargiu, S. (Simona), Vangipurapu, J. (Jagadish), Veldink, J. H. (Jan H.), Vitart, V. (Veronique), Volker, U. (Uwe), Vuoksimaa, E. (Eero), Wakil, S. M. (Salma M.), Waldenberger, M. (Melanie), Wander, G. S. (Gurpreet S.), Wang, Y. X. (Ya Xing), Wareham, N. J. (Nicholas J.), Wild, S. (Sarah), Yajnik, C. S. (Chittaranjan S.), Yuan, J.-M. (Jian-Min), Zeng, L. (Lingyao), Zhang, L. (Liang), Zhou, J. (Jie), Amin, N. (Najaf), Asselbergs, F. W. (Folkert W.), Bakker, S. J. (Stephan J. L.), Becker, D. M. (Diane M.), Lehne, B. (Benjamin), Bennett, D. A. (David A.), van den Berg, L. H. (Leonard H.), Berndt, S. I. (Sonja I.), Bharadwaj, D. (Dwaipayan), Bielak, L. F. (Lawrence F.), Bochud, M. (Murielle), Boehnke, M. (Mike), Bouchard, C. (Claude), Bradfield, J. P. (Jonathan P.), Brody, J. A. (Jennifer A.), Campbell, A. (Archie), Carmi, S. (Shai), Caulfield, M. J. (Mark J.), Cesarini, D. (David), Chambers, J. C. (John C.), Chandak, G. R. (Giriraj Ratan), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Ciullo, M. (Marina), Cornelis, M. (Marilyn), Cusi, D. (Daniele), Smith, G. D. (George Davey), Deary, I. J. (Ian J.), Dorajoo, R. (Rajkumar), van Duijn, C. M. (Cornelia M.), Ellinghaus, D. (David), Erdmann, J. (Jeanette), Eriksson, J. G. (Johan G.), Evangelou, E. (Evangelos), Evans, M. K. (Michele K.), Faul, J. D. (Jessica D.), Feenstra, B. (Bjarke), Feitosa, M. (Mary), Foisy, S. (Sylvain), Franke, A. (Andre), Friedlander, Y. (Yechiel), Gasparini, P. (Paolo), Gieger, C. (Christian), Gonzalez, C. (Clicerio), Goyette, P. (Philippe), Grant, S. F. (Struan F. A.), Griffiths, L. R. (Lyn R.), Groop, L. (Leif), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Gyllensten, U. (Ulf), Hakonarson, H. (Hakon), Hamsten, A. (Anders), van der Harst, P. (Pim), Heng, C.-K. (Chew-Kiat), Hicks, A. A. (Andrew A.), Hochner, H. (Hagit), Huikuri, H. (Heikki), Hunt, S. C. (Steven C.), Jaddoe, V. W. (Vincent W. V.), De Jager, P. L. (Philip L.), Johannesson, M. (Magnus), Johansson, A. (Asa), Jonas, J. B. (Jost B.), Jukema, J. W. (J. Wouter), Junttila, J. (Juhani), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Kardia, S. L. (Sharon L. R.), Karpe, F. (Fredrik), Kumari, M. (Meena), Laakso, M. (Markku), van der Laan, S. W. (Sander W.), Lahti, J. (Jari), Laudes, M. (Matthias), Lea, R. A. (Rodney A.), Lieb, W. (Wolfgang), Lumley, T. (Thomas), Martin, N. G. (Nicholas G.), Marz, W. (Winfried), Matullo, G. (Giuseppe), McCarthy, M. I. (Mark I.), Medland, S. E. (Sarah E.), Merriman, T. R. (Tony R.), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Meyer, B. F. (Brian F.), Mohlke, K. L. (Karen L.), Montgomery, G. W. (Grant W.), Mook-Kanamori, D. (Dennis), Munroe, P. B. (Patricia B.), North, K. E. (Kari E.), Nyholt, D. R. (Dale R.), O'connell, J. R. (Jeffery R.), Ober, C. (Carole), Oldehinkel, A. J. (Albertine J.), Palmas, W. (Walter), Palmer, C. (Colin), Pasterkamp, G. G. (Gerard G.), Patin, E. (Etienne), Pennell, C. E. (Craig E.), Perusse, L. (Louis), Peyser, P. A. (Patricia A.), Pirastu, M. (Mario), Polderman, T. J. (Tinca J. C.), Porteous, D. J. (David J.), Posthuma, D. (Danielle), Psaty, B. M. (Bruce M.), Rioux, J. D. (John D.), Rivadeneira, F. (Fernando), Rotimi, C. (Charles), Rotter, J. I. (Jerome I.), Rudan, I. (Igor), Den Ruijter, H. M. (Hester M.), Sanghera, D. K. (Dharambir K.), Sattar, N. (Naveed), Schmidt, R. (Reinhold), Schulze, M. B. (Matthias B.), Schunkert, H. (Heribert), Scott, R. A. (Robert A.), Shuldiner, A. R. (Alan R.), Sim, X. (Xueling), Small, N. (Neil), Smith, J. A. (Jennifer A.), Sotoodehnia, N. (Nona), Tai, E.-S. (E-Shyong), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Timpson, N. J. (Nicholas J.), Toniolo, D. (Daniela), Tregouet, D.-A. (David-Alexandre), Tuomi, T. (Tiinamaija), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Wang, C. A. (Carol A.), Weir, D. R. (David R.), Whitfield, J. B. (John B.), Wijmenga, C. (Cisca), Wong, T.-Y. (Tien-Yin), Wright, J. (John), Yang, J. (Jingyun), Yu, L. (Lei), Zemel, B. S. (Babette S.), Zonderman, A. B. (Alan B.), Perola, M. (Markus), Magnusson, P. K. (Patrik K. E.), Uitterlinden, A. G. (Andre G.), Kooner, J. S. (Jaspal S.), Chasman, D. I. (Daniel I.), Loos, R. J. (Ruth J. F.), Franceschini, N. (Nora), Franke, L. (Lude), Haley, C. S. (Chris S.), Hayward, C. (Caroline), Walters, R. G. (Robin G.), Perry, J. R. (John R. B.), Esko, T. (Tonu), Helgason, A. (Agnar), Stefansson, K. (Kari), Joshi, P. K. (Peter K.), Kubo, M. (Michiaki), and Wilson, J. F. (James F.)

Abstract

In many species, the offspring of related parents suffer reduced reproductive success, a phenomenon known as inbreeding depression. In humans, the importance of this effect has remained unclear, partly because reproduction between close relatives is both rare and frequently associated with confounding social factors. Here, using genomic inbreeding coefficients (FROH) for >1.4 million individuals, we show that FROH is significantly associated (p < 0.0005) with apparently deleterious changes in 32 out of 100 traits analysed. These changes are associated with runs of homozygosity (ROH), but not with common variant homozygosity, suggesting that genetic variants associated with inbreeding depression are predominantly rare. The effect on fertility is striking: FROH equivalent to the offspring of first cousins is associated with a 55% decrease [95% CI 44–66%] in the odds of having children. Finally, the effects of FROH are confirmed within full-sibling pairs, where the variation in FROH is independent of all environmental confounding.

Published
2019

39. Oxidative stress and effects of dill (Anethum graveolens dhi) powder on the performance and health status of broilers.

Author

Jangali, A., Hedayati, M., Khalaji, S., and Manafi, M.

Subjects
*DILL, *OXIDATIVE stress, *IMMUNOGLOBULINS, *AVIAN influenza, *LEUCOCYTES, *POWDERS, *NEWCASTLE disease
Abstract

Effects of dill powder (Anethum graveolens dhi) on performance and biochemical traits, immune response, blood cells and microbial population of cecum broilers after stress induced with dexamethasone were investigated. Two hundred and forty broilers were arrayed in completely randomized design with six experimental groups, five replications and eight broilers per replication. The experimental groups consisted of G1: control diet without additives, G2: control diet supplemented with 1.5% dill powder, G3: control diet supplemented with 1.5% dill powder under dexamethasone stress, G4: control diet supplemented with 3% dill powder, G5: control diet supplemented with 3% dill powder under dexamethasone stress, and G6: control diet under dexamethasone stress. After 31, 33, 38 and, 40 days, 2 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) dexamethasone was injected in right chest muscle in groups 3, 5, 6, and samples were taken after 35 and 42 days. Use of 3% dill powder reduced cecum microbial population significantly. Under dexamethasone oxidative stress conditions dill powder improved biochemical traits and the number of white blood cells significantly. Without stress induced by dexamethasone injection, use of 3% dill powder improved internal organs, increased the length of the digestive tract, improved weight gain, reduced FCR and improved antibody titers to Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) viruses. All levels of dill powder prevented negative impacts of dexamethasone on functional and biochemical traits. Thus, 3% dill powder has beneficial effects on performance, immune response, blood cell and microbial population, and could be used as a growth promoter and to prevent oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
Full Text
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40. Visfatin effects on telomerase gene expression in AGS gastric cancer cell line

Author

Mohammadi, M., Zarghami, N., Hedayati, M., Ghaemmaghami, S., Yamchi, R., and Mohaddes, M.

Subjects
Stomach cancer -- Genetic aspects -- Development and progression, Transferases -- Health aspects, Telomerase -- Health aspects, Gene expression -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Byline: M. Mohammadi, N. Zarghami, M. Hedayati, S. Ghaemmaghami, R. Yamchi, M. Mohaddes Aim: The aim of this study was to assess visfatin expression and its effect on human telomerase [...]

Published
2015

41. The Effect of Differentially Designed Fusion Proteins to Elicit Efficient Anti-human Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Immune Responses

Author

Mard-Soltani M, Mohammad Javad Rasaee, Khalili S, Ak, Sheikhi, Hedayati M, Ghaderi-Zefrehi H, and Alasvand M

Subjects
Immunoassay, Base Sequence, Protein Conformation, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, Thyrotropin, Cross reactivity, Cross Reactions, Fusion protein immunization, Antibodies, Epitopes, Tetanus Toxin, Antibody Specificity, Animals, Humans, Female, Immunization, Amino Acid Sequence, Rabbits, Cloning, Molecular
Abstract

The production of human thyroid stimulating hormone (hTSH) immunoassays requires specific antibodies against hTSH which is a cumbersome process. Therefore, producing specific polyclonal antibodies against engineered recombinant fusion hTSH antigens would be of great significance. The best immunogenic region of the hTSH was selected based on in silico analyses and equipped with two different fusions. Standard methods were used for protein expression, purification, verification, structural evaluation, and immunizations of the white New Zealand rabbits. Ultimately, immunized serums were used for antibody titration, purification and characterization (specificity, sensitivity and cross reactivity). The desired antigens were successfully designed, sub-cloned, expressed, confirmed and used for in vivo immunization. Structural analyses indicated that only the bigger antigen has showed changed 2 dimensional (2D) and 3D structural properties in comparison to the smaller antigen. The raised polyclonal antibodies were capable of specific and sensitive hTSH detection, while the cross reactivity with the other members of the glycoprotein hormone family was minimum and negligible. The fusion which was solely composed of the tetanus toxin epitopes led to better protein folding and was capable of immunizing the host animals resulting into high titer antibody. Therefore, the minimal fusion sequences seem to be more effective in eliciting specific antibody responses.

Published
2018

42. Probiotic Bacillus species and Saccharomyces boulardii improve performance, gut histology and immunity in broiler chickens

Author

Manafi, M, Hedayati, M, and Mirzaie, S

Subjects
carcass traits, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, broiler chicks, Blood biochemistry, blood biochemistry, broiler chicks, carcass traits, performance, probiotic, performance, probiotic
Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a new multispecies probiotic containing four Bacillus species and Saccharomyces boulardii (Microguard®) with a commercial probiotic (Protexin®) and a commonly used antibiotic in broilers. Six hundred one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomized to six experimental treatments, with five replicates of 20 chicks each, for 42 days, receiving an ad libitum corn-soybean basal diet. Treatments were added to the basal diet and consisted of tetracycline as an antibiotic growth promoter (500 g/ton), three dosages of Microguard (50, 100 and150 g/ton) or Protexin (100 g/ton). The control group received the basal diet with no additive. The group fed with Microguard at 150 g/ton showed increased final bodyweight, weight gain, high density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and antibody titres against Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) levels. Improved feed conversion ratio, increased villus height, and villus highest crypt depth ratio, along with lower plasma gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, were found in probiotic-supplemented broilers. Carcass yield, liver weights, breast muscle values, and abdominal fat weights were reduced in groups fed with 100 or 150 g/ton of Microguard. Caecal coliforms, Salmonella and Escherichia coli numbers decreased in groups fed with 100 or 150 g/ton of Microguard. These results show that Microguard at 150 g/ton is a promising probiotic to replace antibiotics in broiler feed as a growth-promoter while enhancing immune system responses and inducing beneficial modulations in the caecal microflora.Keywords: blood biochemistry, broiler chicks, carcass traits, performance, probiotic

Published
2018

47. Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author

Troeger, C, Blacker, B, Khalil, I, Rao, P, Cao, J, Zimsen, S, Albertson, S, Deshpande, A, Farag, T, Abebe, Z, Adetifa, I, Adhikari, T, Akibu, M, Al Lami, F, Al-Eyadhy, A, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Amoako, Y, Antonio, C, Aremu, O, Asfaw, E, Asgedom, S, Atey, T, Attia, E, Avokpaho, E, Ayele, H, Ayuk, T, Balakrishnan, K, Barac, A, Bassat, Q, Behzadifar, M, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, Z, Bijani, A, Brauer, M, Brown, A, Camargos, P, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Colombara, D, Conti, S, Dadi, A, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Do, H, Dubljanin, E, Edessa, D, Elkout, H, Endries, A, Fijabi, D, Foreman, K, Forouzanfar, M, Fullman, N, Garcia-Basteiro, A, Gessner, B, Gething, P, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Hailu, G, Hassen, H, Hedayati, M, Heidari, M, Hibstu, D, Horita, N, Ilesanmi, O, Jakovljevic, M, Jamal, A, Kahsay, A, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, D, Khader, Y, Khan, E, Khan, M, Khang, Y, Kim, Y, Kissoon, N, Knibbs, L, Kochhar, S, Koul, P, Kumar, G, Lodha, R, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Malta, D, Mathew, J, Mengistu, D, Mezgebe, H, Mohammad, K, Mohammed, M, Momeniha, F, Murthy, S, Nguyen, C, Nielsen, K, Ningrum, D, Nirayo, Y, Oren, E, Ortiz, J, Pa, M, Postma, M, Qorbani, M, Quansah, R, Rai, R, Rana, S, Ranabhat, C, Ray, S, Rezai, M, Ruhago, G, Safiri, S, Salomon, J, Sartorius, B, Savic, M, Sawhney, M, She, J, Sheikh, A, Shiferaw, M, Shigematsu, M, Singh, J, Somayaji, R, Stanaway, J, Sufiyan, M, Taffere, G, Temsah, M, Thompson, M, Tobe-Gai, R, Topor-Madry, R, Tran, B, Tran, T, Tuem, K, Ukwaja, K, Vollset, S, Walson, J, Weldegebreal, F, Werdecker, A, West, T, Yonemoto, N, Zaki, M, Zhou, L, Zodpey, S, Vos, T, Naghavi, M, Lim, S, Mokdad, A, Murray, C, Hay, S, Reiner, R, Troeger, Christopher, Blacker, Brigette, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Rao, Puja C, Cao, Jackie, Zimsen, Stephanie R M, Albertson, Samuel B, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Farag, Tamer, Abebe, Zegeye, Adetifa, Ifedayo Morayo O, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Akibu, Mohammed, Al Lami, Faris Hasan, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Aremu, Olatunde, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Attia, Engi Farouk, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, Ayele, Henok Tadesse, Ayuk, Tambe Betrand, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Barac, Aleksandra, Bassat, Quique, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bijani, Ali, Brauer, Michael, Brown, Alexandria, Camargos, Paulo A M, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Colombara, Danny, Conti, Sara, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Edessa, Dumessa, Elkout, Hajer, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Fijabi, Daniel Obadare, Foreman, Kyle J, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Fullman, Nancy, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Gessner, Bradford D, Gething, Peter W, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Tarun, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hedayati, Mohammad T, Heidari, Mohsen, Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw, Horita, Nobuyuki, Ilesanmi, Olayinka S, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, Jamal, Amr A, Kahsay, Amaha, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Dessalegn Haile, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khang, Young-Ho, Kim, Yun Jin, Kissoon, Niranjan, Knibbs, Luke D, Kochhar, Sonali, Koul, Parvaiz A, Kumar, G Anil, Lodha, Rakesh, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mathew, Joseph L, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Mohammed A, Momeniha, Fatemeh, Murthy, Srinivas, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nielsen, Katie R, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Justin R, PA, Mahesh, Postma, Maarten J, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quansah, Reginald, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rana, Saleem M, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ray, Sarah E, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Safiri, Saeid, Salomon, Joshua A, Sartorius, Benn, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Singh, Jasvinder A, Somayaji, Ranjani, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Taffere, Getachew Redae, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Thompson, Matthew J, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Tung Thanh, Tuem, Kald Beshir, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Vollset, Stein Emil, Walson, Judd L, Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Werdecker, Andrea, West, T Eoin, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zhou, Lei, Zodpey, Sanjay, Vos, Theo, Naghavi, Mohsen, Lim, Stephen S, Mokdad, Ali H, Murray, Christopher J L, Hay, Simon I, Reiner, Robert C, Troeger, C, Blacker, B, Khalil, I, Rao, P, Cao, J, Zimsen, S, Albertson, S, Deshpande, A, Farag, T, Abebe, Z, Adetifa, I, Adhikari, T, Akibu, M, Al Lami, F, Al-Eyadhy, A, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Amoako, Y, Antonio, C, Aremu, O, Asfaw, E, Asgedom, S, Atey, T, Attia, E, Avokpaho, E, Ayele, H, Ayuk, T, Balakrishnan, K, Barac, A, Bassat, Q, Behzadifar, M, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, Z, Bijani, A, Brauer, M, Brown, A, Camargos, P, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Colombara, D, Conti, S, Dadi, A, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Do, H, Dubljanin, E, Edessa, D, Elkout, H, Endries, A, Fijabi, D, Foreman, K, Forouzanfar, M, Fullman, N, Garcia-Basteiro, A, Gessner, B, Gething, P, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Hailu, G, Hassen, H, Hedayati, M, Heidari, M, Hibstu, D, Horita, N, Ilesanmi, O, Jakovljevic, M, Jamal, A, Kahsay, A, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, D, Khader, Y, Khan, E, Khan, M, Khang, Y, Kim, Y, Kissoon, N, Knibbs, L, Kochhar, S, Koul, P, Kumar, G, Lodha, R, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Malta, D, Mathew, J, Mengistu, D, Mezgebe, H, Mohammad, K, Mohammed, M, Momeniha, F, Murthy, S, Nguyen, C, Nielsen, K, Ningrum, D, Nirayo, Y, Oren, E, Ortiz, J, Pa, M, Postma, M, Qorbani, M, Quansah, R, Rai, R, Rana, S, Ranabhat, C, Ray, S, Rezai, M, Ruhago, G, Safiri, S, Salomon, J, Sartorius, B, Savic, M, Sawhney, M, She, J, Sheikh, A, Shiferaw, M, Shigematsu, M, Singh, J, Somayaji, R, Stanaway, J, Sufiyan, M, Taffere, G, Temsah, M, Thompson, M, Tobe-Gai, R, Topor-Madry, R, Tran, B, Tran, T, Tuem, K, Ukwaja, K, Vollset, S, Walson, J, Weldegebreal, F, Werdecker, A, West, T, Yonemoto, N, Zaki, M, Zhou, L, Zodpey, S, Vos, T, Naghavi, M, Lim, S, Mokdad, A, Murray, C, Hay, S, Reiner, R, Troeger, Christopher, Blacker, Brigette, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Rao, Puja C, Cao, Jackie, Zimsen, Stephanie R M, Albertson, Samuel B, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Farag, Tamer, Abebe, Zegeye, Adetifa, Ifedayo Morayo O, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Akibu, Mohammed, Al Lami, Faris Hasan, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Aremu, Olatunde, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Attia, Engi Farouk, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, Ayele, Henok Tadesse, Ayuk, Tambe Betrand, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Barac, Aleksandra, Bassat, Quique, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bijani, Ali, Brauer, Michael, Brown, Alexandria, Camargos, Paulo A M, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Colombara, Danny, Conti, Sara, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Edessa, Dumessa, Elkout, Hajer, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Fijabi, Daniel Obadare, Foreman, Kyle J, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Fullman, Nancy, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Gessner, Bradford D, Gething, Peter W, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Tarun, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hedayati, Mohammad T, Heidari, Mohsen, Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw, Horita, Nobuyuki, Ilesanmi, Olayinka S, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, Jamal, Amr A, Kahsay, Amaha, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Dessalegn Haile, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khang, Young-Ho, Kim, Yun Jin, Kissoon, Niranjan, Knibbs, Luke D, Kochhar, Sonali, Koul, Parvaiz A, Kumar, G Anil, Lodha, Rakesh, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mathew, Joseph L, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Mohammed A, Momeniha, Fatemeh, Murthy, Srinivas, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nielsen, Katie R, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Justin R, PA, Mahesh, Postma, Maarten J, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quansah, Reginald, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rana, Saleem M, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ray, Sarah E, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Safiri, Saeid, Salomon, Joshua A, Sartorius, Benn, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Singh, Jasvinder A, Somayaji, Ranjani, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Taffere, Getachew Redae, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Thompson, Matthew J, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Tung Thanh, Tuem, Kald Beshir, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Vollset, Stein Emil, Walson, Judd L, Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Werdecker, Andrea, West, T Eoin, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zhou, Lei, Zodpey, Sanjay, Vos, Theo, Naghavi, Mohsen, Lim, Stephen S, Mokdad, Ali H, Murray, Christopher J L, Hay, Simon I, and Reiner, Robert C

Abstract

Background: Lower respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study 2016, provides an up-to-date analysis of the burden of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries. This study assesses cases, deaths, and aetiologies spanning the past 26 years and shows how the burden of lower respiratory infection has changed in people of all ages. Methods: We used three separate modelling strategies for lower respiratory infections in GBD 2016: a Bayesian hierarchical ensemble modelling platform (Cause of Death Ensemble model), which uses vital registration, verbal autopsy data, and surveillance system data to predict mortality due to lower respiratory infections; a compartmental meta-regression tool (DisMod-MR), which uses scientific literature, population representative surveys, and health-care data to predict incidence, prevalence, and mortality; and modelling of counterfactual estimates of the population attributable fraction of lower respiratory infection episodes due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus. We calculated each modelled estimate for each age, sex, year, and location. We modelled the exposure level in a population for a given risk factor using DisMod-MR and a spatio-temporal Gaussian process regression, and assessed the effectiveness of targeted interventions for each risk factor in children younger than 5 years. We also did a decomposition analysis of the change in LRI deaths from 2000–16 using the risk factors associated with LRI in GBD 2016. Findings: In 2016, lower respiratory infections caused 652 572 deaths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 586 475–720 612) in children younger than 5 years (under-5s), 1 080 958 deaths (943 749–1 170 638) in adults older than 70 years, and 2 377 697 deaths (2 145 584–2 512 809) in people of all ages, worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the leading ca

Published
2018

48. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in a patient with dextrocardia situs inversus

Author

mehrdad saravi, Jalalian, R., and Hedayati, M.

Subjects
Pacemaker, Situs inversus, Multislice computed tomography, lcsh:Internal medicine, Case Report, Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), Dextrocardia, lcsh:RC31-1245
Abstract

Background: Dextrocardia is a congenital anomaly, which may have coexistent coronary artery disease (CAD), arrhythmias and conventional indications for device therapy. However, the implantation of transvenous leads can be technically challenging and the approach needs to be tailored to the patient's individual anatomy. Case presentation: A 54-year-old male with dextrocardia situs inversus and ischemic left ventricular dysfunction developed ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. Therefore, left- sided approach, dual chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) was applied using a conventional method and standard equipment after complete evaluation of cardiac anatomy and vascular assessment. Conclusion: Electrical device implantation in patients with dextrocardia is possible after obtaining complete information about anatomy and/or coexisting congenital abnormalities, which helps in obtaining appropriate implantation approach.

Published
2016

49. Molecular Biomarkers of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Author

Bozorg-Ghalati F and Hedayati M

Subjects
Cytodiagnosis, Biopsy, Fine-Needle, Gene mutation, Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic, Biochemistry, Epigenesis, Genetic, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cancer stem cell, Biopsy, Biomarkers, Tumor, medicine, Epigenetic Profile, Humans, Stage (cooking), Molecular Biology, Thyroid cancer, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Cancer, General Medicine, DNA Methylation, medicine.disease, MicroRNAs, Fine-needle aspiration, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Mutation, Neoplastic Stem Cells, Cancer research, Molecular Medicine, business, 030215 immunology
Abstract

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is the rarest but extremely aggressive thyroid cancer subtype. This neoplasia is composed of undifferentiated tumor cells with poor prognosis and resistant to common thyroid cancer therapy. Early stage identification of this cancer for prompt treatment is very vital. Presently, cytological evaluation of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) which is known as invasive recognition assay, is the standard diagnostic method for the diagnosis of malignant thyroid tumors. Frequent studies have suggested that using the molecular biomarkers of thyroid cancer tissue alongside cytological examination, increase the accuracy of diagnostic tests. Also, these agents could be beneficial for effective target therapy and personalize medicine. In this review, the molecular biomarkers that are involved in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in four category (gene mutation profile, epigenetic profile, microRNA profile and cancer stem cell markers) were summarized.

Published
2017

50. A review of diagnostic approaches to medullary thyroid carcinoma

Author

Hedayati M and Borhani S

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system, Medullary cavity, endocrine system diseases, business.industry, Thyroid, Autosomal dominant trait, Imaging Procedures, Malignancy, medicine.disease, Thyroid carcinoma, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immunology, Medicine, Stage (cooking), business, Survival rate
Abstract

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), occurring sporadically or as an autosomal dominant trait, accounts for 5-10% of all thyroid gland neoplasms. While the sporadic variant originates from somatic rearranged-during-transfection (RET) mutations, the inherited variant is preceded by germ-line mutations of the RET proto-oncogene. Analysis of the transformations of this certain gene is the cornerstone of diagnostic and prognostic approaches in MTC. Additionally, a panel of histopathological evaluations, biochemical markers, and imaging procedures play a pivotal role in the management of MTC. The survival rate of MTC is relatively low compared to differentiated thyroid neoplasia and is highly influenced by the stage of tumors. Improvement in MTC surveillance significantly depends on early diagnosis as well as implementation of proper screening modalities in hereditary subtypes. The present review addresses medullary thyroid carcinoma, and in particular, the current diagnostic approaches to this challenging malignancy.

Published
2017
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