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Ibrahim Belal,1,* Sajjad Hassam,2,* Ameer Mirza3,* 1Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; 2Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; 3Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Sajjad Hassam, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK, Email smh20@ic.ac.uk

Digital representation can be applied to continue to underline the relevance of signal historical events such as the Holocaust or Shoah. This essay outlines the various technology-driven ways in which the Holocaust is virtually commemorated by musea online (a process accelerated because of the COVID-19 pandemic) and during in-person visits. It focuses on such endeavors across the globe, while homing in on several concrete examples of the digital display of the Shoah through the efforts of the IDEx research institute at the University of South Florida. The essay is illustrated with a number of examples of the variegated ways in which digital technology is used, allowing for both the evolution of this technology and the different demands of exhibitions and musea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Villa of Caddeddi, in the territory of Noto (Siracusa) is located on the south bank of the Tellaro river, about 3 km from its mouth. The site, interpreted as a rural luxury residence dated to the fourth–fifth century CE, was first discovered in 1972 and intermittently investigated in the subsequent decades and mostly studied from the perspectives of the splendid mosaic floors there uncovered. The excavated structure accounts for just a portion of the complex, which is partially covered by an eighteenth–nineteenth century farmhouse. After a long period of neglect, the villa, mainly known in literature for its exquisite mosaic floors, has been recently restored and opened to the public and become subject of new studies by the University of South Florida's Institute for Digital Exploration (IDEx) and the Institute of Heritage Science – CNR which between 2019 and 2022 conducted a remote sensing, using ground penetrating radar method, campaign in partnership with the Parco Archeologico e Paesaggistico di Siracusa, Eloro, Villa del Tellaro e Akrai. The results related to the digital exploration and ground penetrating radar allow new knowledge relating to the Roman villa and allows a scientific reconstruction of the villa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective We have studied the variability of blood transfusion on hemodynamics and its complications during cardiac surgeries at a single center in Egypt. Patients and methods A total of 35 patients of both sexes, with ages from 21 to 70 years, scheduled for open heart surgeries were prospectively enrolled in this observational study between December 2019 and June 2020. Hemodynamic variables, such as mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before induction (T1), after endotracheal intubation (T2), immediately before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (T3), 30 min into CPB (T4), 15 min after successful weaning (T5), after sternal closure (T6), and upon arrival in the ICU (T7). The total amount of administered blood and blood products transfused intraoperatively and on the first day postoperatively; the total amount of fluids administered, including the CPB prime volume; and the total intraoperative urine output were recorded. Moreover, the number of patients who needed inotropic support, recovery time, time to extubation in the first 24 h postoperatively, length of ICU stay, and postoperative complication were recorded. Results We found that 68.6% (24 patients) of patients undergoing cardiac surgery received blood and/or blood product transfusion intraoperatively, and 31.4% (11 patients) were not transfused blood, but 14.3% (five patients) of them received blood postoperatively. Moreover, there were significant increases in the numbers of American Sociological Association III patients in blood transfusion group compared with other group, with increased need for inotropic drug and increased postoperative morbidity and mortality. Conclusion Blood transfusion in cardiac surgeries was associated with more incidences of postoperative complication and worse outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The amount of prehistoric metal items discovered in the Maltese archipelago during the BronzeAge very limited in number. The majority of the artifacts are traditionally considered Aegean imports from nearby Sicily. Nineteen objects, currently on display in the National Archaeological Museum of Valletta, and dated between the 17th and 12th century BCE, represent the main evidence of metalwork in Malta during the Bronze Age. Daggers, axes, vessels, rings, pins and an ingot were found in Early and Middle/Late Bronze Age sites and were traditionally interpreted as made from bronze solely on the account of a direct visual exam. The aim of this contribution is to present the results of research carried out on those artifacts applying non-destructive portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (pXRF) in order to ascertain their chemical composition, to compare the data with those available for Sicily and the Aegean and discuss the archaeological implications of such outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Very little is known about how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the health of residents and the healthcare system in Alberta, Canada. The purpose of this study is to establish an observational study to characterise the health of residents in Alberta, Canada, over time, covering a population that tested negative or positive for COVID-19 during the pandemic. The primary outcome is to characterise 'long COVID-19' and the health status of residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Secondary outcomes include the estimation of the risk of and risk factors associated with adverse health outcomes and healthcare utilisation and burdens., Methods and Analysis: This is a population-level provincial observational study which will follow-up with Alberta residents who underwent testing for COVID-19 and completed surveys adapted from the ISARIC COVID-19 long-term follow-up survey. The survey data will be linked with medical records. Statistical analyses will be carried out to characterise 'long COVID-19' and the health status of residents during the pandemic. The outcomes of this study will inform strategies for primary care and rehabilitation services to prevent chronic consequences; contribute to healthcare management, interventional studies, rehabilitation and health management to reduce overall morbidity and improve long-term outcomes of COVID-19 and the COVID-19 pandemic and potentially guide a self-evaluation of a remote monitoring system to manage individuals' health., Ethics and Dissemination: This study was reviewed and approved by the University of Alberta ethics committee (Study ID: Pro00112053 & Pro00113039) on 13 August 2021 and adheres to the Alberta Health Services research information management policy. Study results will be used to manage clinical care, published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at local, national and international conferences., Protocol Version: 6 June 2022 EUROQOL ID: 161 015., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Objectives: Opioid-related deaths continue to increase in North America, an epidemic that was initiated by high rates of opioid prescribing. We designed a multifaceted, theory-informed Opioid Self-Assessment (OSA) package, to increase adherence to the Canadian Opioid Guideline among family physicians. This study aimed to assess changes in Canadian family physicians' knowledge and practices after completing the OSA package., Design: We conducted a mixed-method evaluation using a pre-test and post-test design that involved the collection of both qualitative and quantitative data., Setting: This research was conducted in the primary care setting in Ontario, Canada., Participants: We recruited a purposive sample of nine family physicians in Ontario who use long-term opioid therapy to treat patients with chronic pain., Interventions: The OSA package included four components: an online knowledge test, an online learning programme, a safe medication practice self-assessment questionnaire and chart audit with feedback., Outcome Measures: Our measures included changes in knowledge, opioid safety practices and physicians' perspectives on the OSA package., Results: We found statistically significant improvements between pre-test and post-test knowledge scores at both baseline and 6-month follow-up. Physicians' scores improved significantly on five of the seven core characteristics of the practice self-assessment questionnaire. On the chart audits, we observed an improvement in patient education between baseline and 6 months. Qualitative interviews showed that participants appreciated embedded resources in the OSA package. The completion of the package stimulated identification of gaps or deficits in practice and served as a useful reminder to discuss risk and safety with patients. Participants described the chart review as helpful in prompting discussions with their patients, identifying deficits and strengths and a 'primary motivator' for project participation., Conclusions: The OSA package has the potential to improve medication safety practices in primary care related to opioid monitoring and adherence to current opioid guidelines., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

This epidemiological study was designed to find out the incidence and factors associated with the occurrence of intraosseous lesions diagnosed at a Reference Centre in Brazil. We included all patients diagnosed with intraosseous lesions (cyst, tumour, bone-associated lesion, and periapical disease) during the period 2006-2017, and analysed the association between some sociodemographic and clinical variables and the types of lesion. There was a total of 290 intraosseous lesions, the most common being odontogenic cysts. There was a significant association between age and odontogenic tumours (p=0.001). In relation to the histopathological diagnosis, root cysts were the most common (n=57), followed by dentigerous cysts (n=26). The lesions studied were seen most often in women between the second and fourth decades of life, odontogenic cysts being the most common type found. We know of few publications of similar epidemiological work, either in Brazil or in the rest of the world, so we suggest that more such studies are made., (Copyright © 2019 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)