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1. Antigenic drift and subtype interference shape A(H3N2) epidemic dynamics in the United States.

Author

Perofsky, Amanda, Huddleston, John, Hansen, Chelsea, Barnes, John, Rowe, Thomas, Xu, Xiyan, Kondor, Rebecca, Wentworth, David, Lewis, Nicola, Whittaker, Lynne, Ermetal, Burcu, Harvey, Ruth, Galiano, Monica, Daniels, Rodney, McCauley, John, Fujisaki, Seiichiro, Nakamura, Kazuya, Kishida, Noriko, Watanabe, Shinji, Hasegawa, Hideki, Sullivan, Sheena, Barr, Ian, Subbarao, Kanta, Krammer, Florian, Bedford, Trevor, and Viboud, Cécile

Subjects
H3N2, antigenic drift, epidemiology, global health, human, infectious disease, influenza virus, microbiology, virus, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype, United States, Influenza, Human, Humans, Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus, Epidemics, Antigenic Drift and Shift, Child, Adult, Neuraminidase, Adolescent, Child, Preschool, Antigens, Viral, Young Adult, Evolution, Molecular, Seasons, Middle Aged
Abstract

Influenza viruses continually evolve new antigenic variants, through mutations in epitopes of their major surface proteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Antigenic drift potentiates the reinfection of previously infected individuals, but the contribution of this process to variability in annual epidemics is not well understood. Here, we link influenza A(H3N2) virus evolution to regional epidemic dynamics in the United States during 1997-2019. We integrate phenotypic measures of HA antigenic drift and sequence-based measures of HA and NA fitness to infer antigenic and genetic distances between viruses circulating in successive seasons. We estimate the magnitude, severity, timing, transmission rate, age-specific patterns, and subtype dominance of each regional outbreak and find that genetic distance based on broad sets of epitope sites is the strongest evolutionary predictor of A(H3N2) virus epidemiology. Increased HA and NA epitope distance between seasons correlates with larger, more intense epidemics, higher transmission, greater A(H3N2) subtype dominance, and a greater proportion of cases in adults relative to children, consistent with increased population susceptibility. Based on random forest models, A(H1N1) incidence impacts A(H3N2) epidemics to a greater extent than viral evolution, suggesting that subtype interference is a major driver of influenza A virus infection ynamics, presumably via heterosubtypic cross-immunity.

Published
2024

3. Real-time estimation of immunological responses against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in the UK: a mathematical modelling study

Author

Russell, Timothy W, Townsley, Hermaleigh, Hellewell, Joel, Gahir, Joshua, Shawe-Taylor, Marianne, Greenwood, David, Hodgson, David, Hobbs, Agnieszka, Dowgier, Giulia, Penn, Rebecca, Sanderson, Theo, Stevenson-Leggett, Phoebe, Bazire, James, Harvey, Ruth, Fowler, Ashley S, Miah, Murad, Smith, Callie, Miranda, Mauro, Bawumia, Philip, Mears, Harriet V, Adams, Lorin, Hatipoglu, Emine, O'Reilly, Nicola, Warchal, Scott, Ambrose, Karen, Strange, Amy, Kelly, Gavin, Kjar, Svend, Papineni, Padmasayee, Corrah, Tumena, Gilson, Richard, Libri, Vincenzo, Kassiotis, George, Gamblin, Steve, Lewis, Nicola S, Williams, Bryan, Swanton, Charles, Gandhi, Sonia, Beale, Rupert, Wu, Mary Y, Bauer, David L V, Carr, Edward J, Wall, Emma C, and Kucharski, Adam J

Published
2025
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5. Strong peak immunogenicity but rapid antibody waning following third vaccine dose in older residents of care homes

Author

Tut, Gokhan, Lancaster, Tara, Krutikov, Maria, Sylla, Panagiota, Bone, David, Spalkova, Eliska, Bentley, Christopher, Amin, Umayr, Jadir, Azar, Hulme, Samuel, Kaur, Nayandeep, Tut, Elif, Bruton, Rachel, Wu, Mary Y., Harvey, Ruth, Carr, Edward J., Beale, Rupert, Stirrup, Oliver, Shrotri, Madhumita, Azmi, Borscha, Fuller, Christopher, Baynton, Verity, Irwin-Singer, Aidan, Hayward, Andrew, Copas, Andrew, Shallcross, Laura, and Moss, Paul

Published
2023
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6. Antibody correlates of protection from SARS-CoV-2 reinfection prior to vaccination: A nested case-control within the SIREN study

Author

Atti, Ana, Insalata, Ferdinando, Carr, Edward J, Otter, Ashley D, Castillo-Olivares, Javier, Wu, Mary, Harvey, Ruth, Howell, Michael, Chan, Andrew, Lyall, Jonathan, Temperton, Nigel, Cantoni, Diego, da Costa, Kelly, Nadesalingam, Angalee, Taylor-Kerr, Andrew, Hettiarachchi, Nipunadi, Tranquillini, Caio, Hewson, Jacqueline, Cole, Michelle J, Foulkes, Sarah, Munro, Katie, Monk, Edward J M, Milligan, Iain D, Linley, Ezra, Chand, Meera A, Brown, Colin S, Islam, Jasmin, Semper, Amanda, Charlett, Andre, Heeney, Jonathan L, Beale, Rupert, Zambon, Maria, Hopkins, Susan, Brooks, Tim, and Hall, Victoria

Published
2022
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7. Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic RNAs that enhance viral fitness and immune evasion.

Author

Mears, Harriet V., Young, George R., Sanderson, Theo, Harvey, Ruth, Barrett-Rodger, Jamie, Penn, Rebecca, Cowton, Vanessa, Furnon, Wilhelm, De Lorenzo, Giuditta, Crawford, Marg, Snell, Daniel M., Fowler, Ashley S., Chakrabarti, Anob M., Hussain, Saira, Gilbride, Ciarán, Emmott, Edward, Finsterbusch, Katja, Luptak, Jakub, Peacock, Thomas P., and Nicod, Jérôme

Subjects
NON-coding RNA, GENE expression, SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, GENETIC transcription, PHENOTYPES, TYPE I interferons
Abstract

Coronaviruses express their structural and accessory genes via a set of subgenomic RNAs, whose synthesis is directed by transcription regulatory sequences (TRSs) in the 5′ genomic leader and upstream of each body open reading frame. In SARS-CoV-2, the TRS has the consensus AAACGAAC; upon searching for emergence of this motif in the global SARS-CoV-2 sequences, we find that it evolves frequently, especially in the 3′ end of the genome. We show well-supported examples upstream of the Spike gene—within the nsp16 coding region of ORF1b—which is expressed during human infection, and upstream of the canonical Envelope gene TRS, both of which have evolved convergently in multiple lineages. The most frequent neo-TRS is within the coding region of the Nucleocapsid gene, and is present in virtually all viruses from the B.1.1 lineage, including the variants of concern Alpha, Gamma, Omicron and descendants thereof. Here, we demonstrate that this TRS leads to the expression of a novel subgenomic mRNA encoding a truncated C-terminal portion of Nucleocapsid, which is an antagonist of type I interferon production and contributes to viral fitness during infection. We observe distinct phenotypes when the Nucleocapsid coding sequence is mutated compared to when the TRS alone is ablated. Our findings demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 is undergoing evolutionary changes at the functional RNA level in addition to the amino acid level. Coronaviruses can evolve novel transcription regulatory sequences, generating new RNA transcripts during human infection. This study identifies a prevalent subgenomic RNA in SARS-CoV-2, which produces a C-terminal nucleocapsid fragment that suppresses interferon signaling and enhances viral fitness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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8. Detection and quantification of antibody to SARS CoV 2 receptor binding domain provides enhanced sensitivity, specificity and utility

Author

Rosadas, Carolina, Khan, Maryam, Parker, Eleanor, Marchesin, Federica, Katsanovskaja, Ksenia, Sureda-Vives, Macià, Fernandez, Natalia, Randell, Paul, Harvey, Ruth, Lilley, Alice, Harris, Benjamin H.L., Zuhair, Mohamed, Fertleman, Michael, Ijaz, Samreen, Dicks, Steve, Short, Charlotte-Eve, Quinlan, Rachael, Taylor, Graham P., Hu, Kai, McKay, Paul, Rosa, Annachiara, Roustan, Chloe, Zuckerman, Mark, El Bouzidi, Kate, Cooke, Graham, Flower, Barnaby, Moshe, Maya, Elliott, Paul, Spencer, Alexandra J., Lambe, Teresa, Gilbert, Sarah C., Kingston, Hugh, Baillie, J. Kenneth, Openshaw, Peter J.M., Semple, Malcolm G., Cherepanov, Peter, McClure, Myra O., and Tedder, Richard S.

Published
2022
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10. Adaptive immunity and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern following vaccination in patients with cancer: the CAPTURE study

Author

Fendler, Annika, Shepherd, Scott T. C., Au, Lewis, Wilkinson, Katalin A., Wu, Mary, Byrne, Fiona, Cerrone, Maddalena, Schmitt, Andreas M., Joharatnam-Hogan, Nalinie, Shum, Benjamin, Tippu, Zayd, Rzeniewicz, Karolina, Boos, Laura Amanda, Harvey, Ruth, Carlyle, Eleanor, Edmonds, Kim, Del Rosario, Lyra, Sarker, Sarah, Lingard, Karla, Mangwende, Mary, Holt, Lucy, Ahmod, Hamid, Korteweg, Justine, Foley, Tara, Bazin, Jessica, Gordon, William, Barber, Taja, Emslie-Henry, Andrea, Xie, Wenyi, Gerard, Camille L., Deng, Daqi, Wall, Emma C., Agua-Doce, Ana, Namjou, Sina, Caidan, Simon, Gavrielides, Mike, MacRae, James I., Kelly, Gavin, Peat, Kema, Kelly, Denise, Murra, Aida, Kelly, Kayleigh, O’Flaherty, Molly, Dowdie, Lauren, Ash, Natalie, Gronthoud, Firza, Shea, Robyn L., Gardner, Gail, Murray, Darren, Kinnaird, Fiona, Cui, Wanyuan, Pascual, Javier, Rodney, Simon, Mencel, Justin, Curtis, Olivia, Stephenson, Clemency, Robinson, Anna, Oza, Bhavna, Farag, Sheima, Leslie, Isla, Rogiers, Aljosja, Iyengar, Sunil, Ethell, Mark, Messiou, Christina, Cunningham, David, Chau, Ian, Starling, Naureen, Turner, Nicholas, Welsh, Liam, van As, Nicholas, Jones, Robin L., Droney, Joanne, Banerjee, Susana, Tatham, Kate C., O’Brien, Mary, Harrington, Kevin, Bhide, Shreerang, Okines, Alicia, Reid, Alison, Young, Kate, Furness, Andrew J. S., Pickering, Lisa, Swanton, Charles, Gandhi, Sonia, Gamblin, Steve, Bauer, David L. V., Kassiotis, George, Kumar, Sacheen, Yousaf, Nadia, Jhanji, Shaman, Nicholson, Emma, Howell, Michael, Walker, Susanna, Wilkinson, Robert J., Larkin, James, and Turajlic, Samra

Published
2021
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11. Functional antibody and T cell immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection, including by variants of concern, in patients with cancer: the CAPTURE study

Author

Fendler, Annika, Au, Lewis, Shepherd, Scott T. C., Byrne, Fiona, Cerrone, Maddalena, Boos, Laura Amanda, Rzeniewicz, Karolina, Gordon, William, Shum, Benjamin, Gerard, Camille L., Ward, Barry, Xie, Wenyi, Schmitt, Andreas M., Joharatnam-Hogan, Nalinie, Cornish, Georgina H., Pule, Martin, Mekkaoui, Leila, Ng, Kevin W., Carlyle, Eleanor, Edmonds, Kim, Rosario, Lyra Del, Sarker, Sarah, Lingard, Karla, Mangwende, Mary, Holt, Lucy, Ahmod, Hamid, Stone, Richard, Gomes, Camila, Flynn, Helen R., Agua-Doce, Ana, Hobson, Philip, Caidan, Simon, Howell, Michael, Wu, Mary, Goldstone, Robert, Crawford, Margaret, Cubitt, Laura, Patel, Harshil, Gavrielides, Mike, Nye, Emma, Snijders, Ambrosius P., MacRae, James I., Nicod, Jerome, Gronthoud, Firza, Shea, Robyn L., Messiou, Christina, Cunningham, David, Chau, Ian, Starling, Naureen, Turner, Nicholas, Welsh, Liam, van As, Nicholas, Jones, Robin L., Droney, Joanne, Banerjee, Susana, Tatham, Kate C., Jhanji, Shaman, O’Brien, Mary, Curtis, Olivia, Harrington, Kevin, Bhide, Shreerang, Bazin, Jessica, Robinson, Anna, Stephenson, Clemency, Slattery, Tim, Khan, Yasir, Tippu, Zayd, Leslie, Isla, Gennatas, Spyridon, Okines, Alicia, Reid, Alison, Young, Kate, Furness, Andrew J. S., Pickering, Lisa, Gandhi, Sonia, Gamblin, Steve, Swanton, Charles, Nicholson, Emma, Kumar, Sacheen, Yousaf, Nadia, Wilkinson, Katalin A., Swerdlow, Anthony, Harvey, Ruth, Kassiotis, George, Larkin, James, Wilkinson, Robert J., and Turajlic, Samra

Published
2021
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12. Favorable antibody responses to human coronaviruses in children and adolescents with autoimmune rheumatic diseases

Author

Deakin, Claire T., Cornish, Georgina H., Ng, Kevin W., Faulkner, Nikhil, Bolland, William, Hope, Joshua, Rosa, Annachiara, Harvey, Ruth, Hussain, Saira, Earl, Christopher, Jebson, Bethany R., Wilkinson, Meredyth G.L.l., Marshall, Lucy R., O’Brien, Kathryn, Rosser, Elizabeth C., Radziszewska, Anna, Peckham, Hannah, Patel, Harsita, Heaney, Judith, Rickman, Hannah, Paraskevopoulou, Stavroula, Houlihan, Catherine F., Spyer, Moira J., Gamblin, Steve J., McCauley, John, Nastouli, Eleni, Levin, Michael, Cherepanov, Peter, Ciurtin, Coziana, Wedderburn, Lucy R., and Kassiotis, George

Published
2021
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14. Antigenic drift and subtype interference shape A(H3N2) epidemic dynamics in the United States.

Author

Perofsky, Amanda C., Huddleston, John, Hansen, Chelsea L., Barnes, John R., Rowe, Thomas, Xiyan Xu, Kondor, Rebecca, Wentworth, David E., Lewis, Nicola, Whittaker, Lynne, Ermetal, Burcu, Harvey, Ruth, Galiano, Monica, Daniels, Rodney Stuart, McCauley, John W., Seiichiro Fujisaki, Kazuya Nakamura, Noriko Kishida, Shinji Watanabe, and Hideki Hasegawa

Published
2024
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15. Antigenic drift and subtype interference shape A(H3N2) epidemic dynamics in the United States

Author

Perofsky, Amanda C, primary, Huddleston, John, additional, Hansen, Chelsea, additional, Barnes, John R, additional, Rowe, Thomas, additional, Xu, Xiyan, additional, Kondor, Rebecca, additional, Wentworth, David E, additional, Lewis, Nicola, additional, Whittaker, Lynne, additional, Ermetal, Burcu, additional, Harvey, Ruth, additional, Galiano, Monica, additional, Daniels, Rodney Stuart, additional, McCauley, John W, additional, Fujisaki, Seiichiro, additional, Nakamura, Kazuya, additional, Kishida, Noriko, additional, Watanabe, Shinji, additional, Hasegawa, Hideki, additional, Sullivan, Sheena G, additional, Barr, Ian G, additional, Subbarao, Kanta, additional, Krammer, Florian, additional, Bedford, Trevor, additional, and Viboud, Cécile, additional

Published
2024
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16. Combined analyses of within-host SARS-CoV-2 viral kinetics and information on past exposures to the virus in a human cohort identifies intrinsic differences of Omicron and Delta variants

Author

Russell, Timothy W., Townsley, Hermaleigh, Abbott, Sam, Hellewell, Joel, Carr, Edward J., Chapman, Lloyd A. C., Pung, Rachael, Quilty, Billy J., Hodgson, David, Fowler, Ashley S., Adams, Lorin, Bailey, Chris, Mears, Harriet V., Harvey, Ruth, Clayton, Bobbi, O’Reilly, Nicola, Ngai, Yenting, Nicod, Jerome, Gamblin, Steve, Williams, Bryan, Gandhi, Sonia, Swanton, Charles, Beale, Rupert, Bauer, David L. V., Wall, Emma C., Kucharski, Adam J., Russell, Timothy W., Townsley, Hermaleigh, Abbott, Sam, Hellewell, Joel, Carr, Edward J., Chapman, Lloyd A. C., Pung, Rachael, Quilty, Billy J., Hodgson, David, Fowler, Ashley S., Adams, Lorin, Bailey, Chris, Mears, Harriet V., Harvey, Ruth, Clayton, Bobbi, O’Reilly, Nicola, Ngai, Yenting, Nicod, Jerome, Gamblin, Steve, Williams, Bryan, Gandhi, Sonia, Swanton, Charles, Beale, Rupert, Bauer, David L. V., Wall, Emma C., and Kucharski, Adam J.

Abstract

The emergence of successive Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) during 2020 to 2022, each exhibiting increased epidemic growth relative to earlier circulating variants, has created a need to understand the drivers of such growth. However, both pathogen biology and changing host characteristics—such as varying levels of immunity—can combine to influence replication and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within and between hosts. Disentangling the role of variant and host in individual-level viral shedding of VOCs is essential to inform Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) planning and response and interpret past epidemic trends. Using data from a prospective observational cohort study of healthy adult volunteers undergoing weekly occupational health PCR screening, we developed a Bayesian hierarchical model to reconstruct individual-level viral kinetics and estimate how different factors shaped viral dynamics, measured by PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values over time. Jointly accounting for both interindividual variation in Ct values and complex host characteristics—such as vaccination status, exposure history, and age—we found that age and number of prior exposures had a strong influence on peak viral replication. Older individuals and those who had at least 5 prior antigen exposures to vaccination and/or infection typically had much lower levels of shedding. Moreover, we found evidence of a correlation between the speed of early shedding and duration of incubation period when comparing different VOCs and age groups. Our findings illustrate the value of linking information on participant characteristics, symptom profile and infecting variant with prospective PCR sampling, and the importance of accounting for increasingly complex population exposure landscapes when analysing the viral kinetics of VOCs. Trial Registration: The Legacy study is a prospective observational cohort study of healthy adult volunteers undergoing weekly oc

Published
2024

17. A COVID-19 vaccine candidate using SpyCatcher multimerization of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain induces potent neutralising antibody responses

Author

Tan, Tiong Kit, Rijal, Pramila, Rahikainen, Rolle, Keeble, Anthony H., Schimanski, Lisa, Hussain, Saira, Harvey, Ruth, Hayes, Jack W. P., Edwards, Jane C., McLean, Rebecca K., Martini, Veronica, Pedrera, Miriam, Thakur, Nazia, Conceicao, Carina, Dietrich, Isabelle, Shelton, Holly, Ludi, Anna, Wilsden, Ginette, Browning, Clare, Zagrajek, Adrian K., Bialy, Dagmara, Bhat, Sushant, Stevenson-Leggett, Phoebe, Hollinghurst, Philippa, Tully, Matthew, Moffat, Katy, Chiu, Chris, Waters, Ryan, Gray, Ashley, Azhar, Mehreen, Mioulet, Valerie, Newman, Joseph, Asfor, Amin S., Burman, Alison, Crossley, Sylvia, Hammond, John A., Tchilian, Elma, Charleston, Bryan, Bailey, Dalan, Tuthill, Tobias J., Graham, Simon P., Duyvesteyn, Helen M. E., Malinauskas, Tomas, Huo, Jiandong, Tree, Julia A., Buttigieg, Karen R., Owens, Raymond J., Carroll, Miles W., Daniels, Rodney S., McCauley, John W., Stuart, David I., Huang, Kuan-Ying A., Howarth, Mark, and Townsend, Alain R.

Published
2021
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18. Combined analyses of within-host SARS-CoV-2 viral kinetics and information on past exposures to the virus in a human cohort identifies intrinsic differences of Omicron and Delta variants

Author

Russell, Timothy W., primary, Townsley, Hermaleigh, additional, Abbott, Sam, additional, Hellewell, Joel, additional, Carr, Edward J., additional, Chapman, Lloyd A. C., additional, Pung, Rachael, additional, Quilty, Billy J., additional, Hodgson, David, additional, Fowler, Ashley S., additional, Adams, Lorin, additional, Bailey, Chris, additional, Mears, Harriet V., additional, Harvey, Ruth, additional, Clayton, Bobbi, additional, O’Reilly, Nicola, additional, Ngai, Yenting, additional, Nicod, Jerome, additional, Gamblin, Steve, additional, Williams, Bryan, additional, Gandhi, Sonia, additional, Swanton, Charles, additional, Beale, Rupert, additional, Bauer, David L. V., additional, Wall, Emma C., additional, and Kucharski, Adam J., additional

Published
2024
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20. SARS-CoV-2 mucosal neutralising immunity after vaccination

Author

Carr, Edward J, primary, Dowgier, Guilia, additional, Greenwood, David, additional, Herman, Lou S, additional, Hobbs, Agnieszka, additional, Ragno, Martina, additional, Stevenson-Leggett, Phoebe, additional, Gahir, Joshua, additional, Townsley, Hermaleigh, additional, Harvey, Ruth, additional, Bailey, Chris, additional, Fowler, Ashley S, additional, Miah, Murad, additional, Smith, Callie, additional, Miranda, Mauro, additional, Bawumia, Philip, additional, Mears, Harriet V, additional, Adams, Lorin, additional, Hatipoglu, Emine, additional, O'Reilly, Nicola, additional, Warchal, Scott, additional, Sawyer, Chelsea, additional, Ambrose, Karen, additional, Strange, Amy, additional, Kelly, Gavin, additional, Beale, Rupert, additional, Papineni, Padmasayee, additional, Corrah, Tumena, additional, Gilson, Richard, additional, Gamblin, Steve, additional, Kassiotis, George, additional, Libri, Vincenzo, additional, Williams, Bryan, additional, Swanton, Charles, additional, Gandhi, Sonia, additional, Bauer, David L V, additional, Wall, Emma, additional, and Wu, Mary Y, additional

Published
2023
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21. 34 COVID-19 caused by either Omicron sub-variants or Delta in non-hospitalised adults associates with similar illness duration, symptom severity and viral kinetics, irrespective of vaccination history

Author

Townsley, Hermaleigh, primary, Gahir, Joshua, additional, Russell, Timothy W., additional, Carr, Edward J., additional, Dyke, Matala, additional, Adams, Lorin, additional, Miah, Murad, additional, Clayton, Bobbi, additional, Smith, Callie, additional, Miranda, Mauro, additional, Mears, Harriet V., additional, Bailey, Chris, additional, Black, James R.M., additional, Fowler, Ashley S., additional, Crawford, Margaret, additional, Wilkinson, Katalin, additional, Hutchinson, Matthew, additional, Harvey, Ruth, additional, O'Reilly, Nicola, additional, Kelly, Gavin, additional, Goldstone, Robert, additional, Beale, Rupert, additional, Papineni, Padmasayee, additional, Corrah, Tumenah, additional, Gilson, Richard, additional, Caidan, Simon, additional, Nicod, Jerome, additional, Gamblin, Steve, additional, Kassiotis, George, additional, Libri, Vincenzo, additional, Williams, Bryan, additional, Gandhi, Sonia, additional, Kucharski, Adam J., additional, Swanton, Charles, additional, Bauer, David L.V., additional, and Wall, Emma C., additional

Published
2023
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22. 33 Fourth dose bivalent mRNA vaccines containing BA.1 significantly augment neutralising antibody titres against SARS-COV-2 Omicron sub-lineages XBB and BQ.1.1 in healthy adults

Author

Wu, Mary, primary, Carr, Edward, additional, Harvey, Ruth, additional, Gahir, Joshua, additional, Townsley, Hermaleigh, additional, Dowgier, Guilia, additional, Hobbs, Agnieska, additional, Herman, Lou, additional, Ragno, Martina, additional, Miah, Murad, additional, Bawumia, Philip, additional, Smith, Callie, additional, Miranda, Mauro, additional, Mears, Harriet, additional, Adams, Lorin, additional, Haptioglu, Emine, additional, O'Reilly, Nicola, additional, Warchal, Scott, additional, Sawyer, Chelsea, additional, Ambrose, Karen, additional, Kelly, Gavin, additional, Beale, Rupert, additional, Papineni, Padmasayee, additional, Corrah, Tumena, additional, Gilson, Richard, additional, Gamblin, Steve, additional, Kassiotis, George, additional, Libri, Vincenzo, additional, Williams, Bryan, additional, Swanton, Charles, additional, Gandhi, Sonia, additional, Bauer, David, additional, and Wall, Emma, additional

Published
2023
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23. Comparison of Serologic Assays for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

Author

Harvey, Ruth, Mattiuzzo, Giada, Hassall, Mark, Sieberg, Andrea, Muller, Marcel A., Drosten, Christian, Rigsby, Peter, and Oxenford, Christopher J.

Subjects
Algorithms -- Comparative analysis -- Health aspects, Middle East respiratory syndrome -- Comparative analysis -- Health aspects, Beef cattle, Algorithm, Health, World Health Organization
Abstract

Since the emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 (1), more than 2,250 laboratory-confirmed cases have been reported to the World Health Organization (WHO); approximately one third [...]

Published
2019
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24. The neuraminidase of A(H3N2) influenza viruses circulating since 2016 is antigenically distinct from the A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 vaccine strain

Author

Wan, Hongquan, Gao, Jin, Yang, Hua, Yang, Shuang, Harvey, Ruth, Chen, Yao-Qing, Zheng, Nai-Ying, Chang, Jessie, Carney, Paul J., Li, Xing, Plant, Ewan, Jiang, Lianlian, Couzens, Laura, Wang, Carol, Strohmeier, Shirin, Wu, Wells W., Shen, Rong-Fong, Krammer, Florian, Cipollo, John F., Wilson, Patrick C., Stevens, James, Wan, Xiu-Feng, Eichelberger, Maryna C., and Ye, Zhiping

Published
2019
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25. Antigenic drift and subtype interference shape A(H3N2) epidemic dynamics in the United States

Author

Perofsky, Amanda C, primary, Huddleston, John, additional, Hansen, Chelsea, additional, Barnes, John R, additional, Rowe, Thomas, additional, Xu, Xiyan, additional, Kondor, Rebecca, additional, Wentworth, David E, additional, Lewis, Nicola, additional, Whittaker, Lynne, additional, Ermetal, Burcu, additional, Harvey, Ruth, additional, Galiano, Monica, additional, Daniels, Rodney Stuart, additional, McCauley, John W, additional, Fujisaki, Seiichiro, additional, Nakamura, Kazuya, additional, Kishida, Noriko, additional, Watanabe, Shinji, additional, Hasegawa, Hideki, additional, Sullivan, Sheena G, additional, Barr, Ian G, additional, Subbarao, Kanta, additional, Krammer, Florian, additional, Bedford, Trevor, additional, and Viboud, Cécile, additional

Published
2023
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27. COVID-19 in non-hospitalised adults caused by either SARS-CoV-2 sub-variants Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.4/5 or Delta associates with similar illness duration, symptom severity and viral kinetics, irrespective of vaccination history.

Author

Townsley, Hermaleigh, Gahir, Joshua, Russell, Timothy W., Greenwood, David, Carr, Edward J., Dyke, Matala, Adams, Lorin, Miah, Murad, Clayton, Bobbi, Smith, Callie, Miranda, Mauro, Mears, Harriet V., Bailey, Chris, Black, James R. M., Fowler, Ashley S., Crawford, Margaret, Wilkinson, Katalin, Hutchinson, Matthew, Harvey, Ruth, and O'Reilly, Nicola

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, VACCINATION status, SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, COUGH, FEVER, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
Abstract

Background: SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron rapidly evolved over 2022, causing three waves of infection due to sub-variants BA.1, BA.2 and BA.4/5. We sought to characterise symptoms and viral loads over the course of COVID-19 infection with these sub-variants in otherwise-healthy, vaccinated, non-hospitalised adults, and compared data to infections with the preceding Delta variant of concern (VOC). Methods: In a prospective, observational cohort study, healthy vaccinated UK adults who reported a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or lateral flow test, self-swabbed on alternate weekdays until day 10. We compared participant-reported symptoms and viral load trajectories between infections caused by VOCs Delta and Omicron (sub-variants BA.1, BA.2 or BA.4/5), and tested for relationships between vaccine dose, symptoms and PCR cycle threshold (Ct) as a proxy for viral load using Chi-squared (χ2) and Wilcoxon tests. Results: 563 infection episodes were reported among 491 participants. Across infection episodes, there was little variation in symptom burden (4 [IQR 3–5] symptoms) and duration (8 [IQR 6–11] days). Whilst symptom profiles differed among infections caused by Delta compared to Omicron sub-variants, symptom profiles were similar between Omicron sub-variants. Anosmia was reported more frequently in Delta infections after 2 doses compared with Omicron sub-variant infections after 3 doses, for example: 42% (25/60) of participants with Delta infection compared to 9% (6/67) with Omicron BA.4/5 (χ2 P < 0.001; OR 7.3 [95% CI 2.7–19.4]). Fever was less common with Delta (20/60 participants; 33%) than Omicron BA.4/5 (39/67; 58%; χ2 P = 0.008; OR 0.4 [CI 0.2–0.7]). Amongst infections with an Omicron sub-variants, symptoms of coryza, fatigue, cough and myalgia predominated. Viral load trajectories and peaks did not differ between Delta, and Omicron, irrespective of symptom severity (including asymptomatic participants), VOC or vaccination status. PCR Ct values were negatively associated with time since vaccination in participants infected with BA.1 (β = -0.05 (CI -0.10–0.01); P = 0.031); however, this trend was not observed in BA.2 or BA.4/5 infections. Conclusion: Our study emphasises both the changing symptom profile of COVID-19 infections in the Omicron era, and ongoing transmission risk of Omicron sub-variants in vaccinated adults. Trial registration: NCT04750356. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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29. Neutralising immunity to omicron sublineages BQ.1.1, XBB, and XBB.1.5 in healthy adults is boosted by bivalent BA.1-containing mRNA vaccination and previous Omicron infection

Author

Carr, Edward J, primary, Wu, Mary Y, additional, Gahir, Joshua, additional, Harvey, Ruth, additional, Townsley, Hermaleigh, additional, Bailey, Chris, additional, Fowler, Ashley S, additional, Dowgier, Giulia, additional, Hobbs, Agnieszka, additional, Herman, Lou, additional, Ragno, Martina, additional, Miah, Murad, additional, Bawumia, Phillip, additional, Smith, Callie, additional, Miranda, Mauro, additional, Mears, Harriet V, additional, Adams, Lorin, additional, Haptipoglu, Emine, additional, O’Reilly, Nicola, additional, Warchal, Scott, additional, Sawyer, Chelsea, additional, Ambrose, Karen, additional, Kelly, Gavin, additional, Beale, Rupert, additional, Papineni, Padmasayee, additional, Corrah, Tumena, additional, Gilson, Richard, additional, Gamblin, Steve, additional, Kassiotis, George, additional, Libri, Vincenzo, additional, Williams, Bryan, additional, Swanton, Charles, additional, Gandhi, Sonia, additional, LV Bauer, David, additional, and Wall, Emma C, additional

Published
2023
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30. Dichotomy of neutralizing antibody, B cell and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and protection in healthy adults

Author

Carr, Edward J, primary, Townsley, Hermaleigh, additional, Wu, Mary Y, additional, Wilkinson, Katalin A, additional, Hobson, Philip S, additional, Levi, Dina, additional, Namjou, Sina, additional, Mears, Harriet V, additional, Hobbs, Agnieszka, additional, Ragno, Martina, additional, Herman, Lou S, additional, Harvey, Ruth, additional, Bailey, Chris, additional, Fowler, Ashley S, additional, Hatipoglu, Emine, additional, Ngai, Yenting, additional, Clayton, Bobbi, additional, Miah, Murad, additional, Bawumia, Philip, additional, Miranda, Mauro, additional, Smith, Callie, additional, Sawyer, Chelsea, additional, Kelly, Gavin, additional, Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, additional, Zheng, Bang, additional, Evans, Stephen JW, additional, Libri, Vincenzo, additional, Riddell, Andrew, additional, Nicod, Jerome, additional, O'Reilly, Nicola, additional, Howell, Michael, additional, Williams, Bryan, additional, Wilkinson, Robert J, additional, Kassiotis, George, additional, Swanton, Charles, additional, Gandhi, Sonia, additional, Beale, Rupert CL, additional, Bauer, David LV, additional, and Wall, Emma C, additional

Published
2023
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31. Within-host SARS-CoV-2 viral kinetics informed by complex life course exposures reveals different intrinsic properties of Omicron and Delta variants

Author

Russell, Timothy W, primary, Townsley, Hermaleigh, additional, Abbott, Sam, additional, Hellewell, Joel, additional, Carr, Edward J, additional, Chapman, Lloyd, additional, Pung, Rachael, additional, Quilty, Billy J, additional, Hodgson, David, additional, Fowler, Ashley, additional, Adams, Lorin, additional, Bailey, Christopher, additional, Mears, Harriet V, additional, Harvey, Ruth, additional, Clayton, Bobbi, additional, O'Reilly, Nicola, additional, Ngai, Yenting, additional, Nicod, Jerome, additional, Gamblin, Steve, additional, Williams, Bryan, additional, Gandhi, Sonia, additional, Swanton, Charles, additional, Beale, Rupert, additional, Bauer, David LV, additional, Wall, Emma C, additional, and Kucharski, Adam, additional

Published
2023
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32. Sotrovimab restores neutralization against current Omicron subvariants in patients with blood cancer

Author

Wu, Mary Y., primary, Shepherd, Scott T.C., additional, Fendler, Annika, additional, Carr, Edward J., additional, Au, Lewis, additional, Harvey, Ruth, additional, Dowgier, Giulia, additional, Hobbs, Agnieszka, additional, Herman, Lou S., additional, Ragno, Martina, additional, Adams, Lorin, additional, Schmitt, Andreas M., additional, Tippu, Zayd, additional, Shum, Benjamin, additional, Farag, Sheima, additional, Rogiers, Aljosja, additional, O’Reilly, Nicola, additional, Bawumia, Philip, additional, Smith, Callie, additional, Carlyle, Eleanor, additional, Edmonds, Kim, additional, Del Rosario, Lyra, additional, Lingard, Karla, additional, Mangwende, Mary, additional, Holt, Lucy, additional, Ahmod, Hamid, additional, Korteweg, Justine, additional, Foley, Tara, additional, Barber, Taja, additional, Hepworth, Stephanie, additional, Emslie-Henry, Andrea, additional, Caulfield-Lynch, Niamh, additional, Byrne, Fiona, additional, Deng, Daqi, additional, Williams, Bryan, additional, Brown, Michael, additional, Caidan, Simon, additional, Gavrielides, Mike, additional, MacRae, James I., additional, Kelly, Gavin, additional, Peat, Kema, additional, Kelly, Denise, additional, Murra, Aida, additional, Kelly, Kayleigh, additional, O’Flaherty, Molly, additional, Popat, Sanjay, additional, Yousaf, Nadia, additional, Jhanji, Shaman, additional, Tatham, Kate, additional, Cunningham, David, additional, Van As, Nicholas, additional, Young, Kate, additional, Furness, Andrew J.S., additional, Pickering, Lisa, additional, Beale, Rupert, additional, Swanton, Charles, additional, Gandhi, Sonia, additional, Gamblin, Steve, additional, Bauer, David L.V., additional, Kassiotis, George, additional, Howell, Michael, additional, Walker, Susanna, additional, Nicholson, Emma, additional, Larkin, James, additional, Wall, Emma C., additional, and Turajlic, Samra, additional

Published
2023
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34. A case of swine influenza A(H1N2)v in England, November 2023.

Author

Cogdale, Jade, Kele, Beatrix, Myers, Richard, Harvey, Ruth, Lofts, Abi, Mikaiel, Tanya, Hoschler, Katja, Banyard, Ashley C., James, Joe, Mollett, Benjamin C., Byrne, Alexander M. P., Lopez-Bernal, Jamie, Watson, Conall H., Chand, Meera, Welfare, William, Williamson, Deborah A., Oliver, Isabel, Padfield, Simon, Lee, Andrew, and Calvert, Suzanne

Published
2024
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35. WHO's Therapeutics and COVID-19 Living Guideline on mAbs needs to be reassessed

Author

Wu, Mary Y, primary, Carr, Edward J, additional, Harvey, Ruth, additional, Mears, Harriet V, additional, Kjaer, Svend, additional, Townsley, Hermaleigh, additional, Hobbs, Agnieszka, additional, Ragno, Martina, additional, Herman, Lou S, additional, Adams, Lorin, additional, Gamblin, Steve, additional, Howell, Michael, additional, Beale, Rupert, additional, Brown, Michael, additional, Williams, Bryan, additional, Gandhi, Sonia, additional, Swanton, Charles, additional, Wall, Emma C, additional, and Bauer, David L V, additional

Published
2022
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36. Functional immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern after fourth COVID-19 vaccine dose or infection in patients with blood cancer

Author

Fendler, Annika, primary, Shepherd, Scott T.C., additional, Au, Lewis, additional, Wu, Mary, additional, Harvey, Ruth, additional, Wilkinson, Katalin A., additional, Schmitt, Andreas M., additional, Tippu, Zayd, additional, Shum, Benjamin, additional, Farag, Sheima, additional, Rogiers, Aljosja, additional, Carlyle, Eleanor, additional, Edmonds, Kim, additional, Del Rosario, Lyra, additional, Lingard, Karla, additional, Mangwende, Mary, additional, Holt, Lucy, additional, Ahmod, Hamid, additional, Korteweg, Justine, additional, Foley, Tara, additional, Barber, Taja, additional, Emslie-Henry, Andrea, additional, Caulfield-Lynch, Niamh, additional, Byrne, Fiona, additional, Deng, Daqi, additional, Kjaer, Svend, additional, Song, Ok-Ryul, additional, Queval, Christophe J., additional, Kavanagh, Caitlin, additional, Wall, Emma C., additional, Carr, Edward J., additional, Caidan, Simon, additional, Gavrielides, Mike, additional, MacRae, James I., additional, Kelly, Gavin, additional, Peat, Kema, additional, Kelly, Denise, additional, Murra, Aida, additional, Kelly, Kayleigh, additional, O’Flaherty, Molly, additional, Shea, Robyn L., additional, Gardner, Gail, additional, Murray, Darren, additional, Popat, Sanjay, additional, Yousaf, Nadia, additional, Jhanji, Shaman, additional, Tatham, Kate, additional, Cunningham, David, additional, Van As, Nicholas, additional, Young, Kate, additional, Furness, Andrew J.S., additional, Pickering, Lisa, additional, Beale, Rupert, additional, Swanton, Charles, additional, Gandhi, Sonia, additional, Gamblin, Steve, additional, Bauer, David L.V., additional, Kassiotis, George, additional, Howell, Michael, additional, Nicholson, Emma, additional, Walker, Susanna, additional, Wilkinson, Robert J., additional, Larkin, James, additional, and Turajlic, Samra, additional

Published
2022
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39. Bertran de Born and Raimon de Planell.

Author

HARVEY, RUTH

Abstract

Copyright of Cultura Neolatina is the property of Mucchi Editore and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2023
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40. SARS-CoV-2 S2–targeted vaccination elicits broadly neutralizing antibodies

Author

Ng, Kevin W., primary, Faulkner, Nikhil, additional, Finsterbusch, Katja, additional, Wu, Mary, additional, Harvey, Ruth, additional, Hussain, Saira, additional, Greco, Maria, additional, Liu, Yafei, additional, Kjaer, Svend, additional, Swanton, Charles, additional, Gandhi, Sonia, additional, Beale, Rupert, additional, Gamblin, Steve J., additional, Cherepanov, Peter, additional, McCauley, John, additional, Daniels, Rodney, additional, Howell, Michael, additional, Arase, Hisashi, additional, Wack, Andreas, additional, Bauer, David L.V., additional, and Kassiotis, George, additional

Published
2022
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41. Non-hospitalised, vaccinated adults with COVID-19 caused by Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 present with changing symptom profiles compared to those with Delta despite similar viral kinetics

Author

Townsley, Hermaleigh, primary, Carr, Edward J, additional, Russell, Timothy W, additional, Adams, Lorin, additional, Mears, Harriet V, additional, Bailey, Chris, additional, Black, James RM, additional, Fowler, Ashley S, additional, Wilkinson, Katalin, additional, Hutchinson, Matthew, additional, Harvey, Ruth, additional, Clayton, Bobbi, additional, Kelly, Gavin, additional, Beale, Rupert, additional, Papineni, Padmasayee, additional, Corrah, Tumena, additional, Caidan, Simon, additional, Nicod, Jerome, additional, Gamblin, Steve, additional, Kassiotis, George, additional, Libri, Vincenzo, additional, Williams, Bryan, additional, Gandhi, Sonia, additional, Kucharski, Adam J, additional, Swanton, Charles, additional, Wall, Emma C, additional, and Bauer, David LV, additional

Published
2022
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42. Omicron neutralising antibodies after third COVID-19 vaccine dose in patients with cancer

Author

Fendler, Annika, Shepherd, Scott T C, Au, Lewis, Wu, Mary, Harvey, Ruth, Schmitt, Andreas M, Tippu, Zayd, Shum, Benjamin, Farag, Sheima, Rogiers, Aljosja, Carlyle, Eleanor, Edmonds, Kim, Del Rosario, Lyra, Lingard, Karla, Mangwende, Mary, Holt, Lucy, Ahmod, Hamid, Korteweg, Justine, Foley, Tara, Barber, Taja, Emslie-Henry, Andrea, Caulfield-Lynch, Niamh, Byrne, Fiona, Deng, Daqi, Kjaer, Svend, Song, Ok-Ryul, Queval, Christophe, Kavanagh, Caitlin, Wall, Emma C, Carr, Edward J, Caidan, Simon, Gavrielides, Mike, MacRae, James I, Kelly, Gavin, Peat, Kema, Kelly, Denise, Murra, Aida, Kelly, Kayleigh, O'Flaherty, Molly, Shea, Robyn L, Gardner, Gail, Murray, Darren, Yousaf, Nadia, Jhanji, Shaman, Tatham, Kate, Cunningham, David, Van As, Nicholas, Young, Kate, Furness, Andrew J S, Pickering, Lisa, Beale, Rupert, Swanton, Charles, Gandhi, Sonia, Gamblin, Steve, Bauer, David L V, Kassiotis, George, Howell, Michael, Nicholson, Emma, Walker, Susanna, Larkin, James, and Turajlic, Samra

Published
2022
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44. Three-dose vaccination elicits neutralising antibodies against omicron

Author

Wu, Mary, Wall, Emma C, Carr, Edward J, Harvey, Ruth, Townsley, Hermaleigh, Mears, Harriet V, Adams, Lorin, Kjaer, Svend, Kelly, Gavin, Warchal, Scott, Sawyer, Chelsea, Kavanagh, Caitlin, Queval, Christophe J, Ngai, Yenting, Hatipoglu, Emine, Ambrose, Karen, Hindmarsh, Steve, Beale, Rupert, Gamblin, Steve, Howell, Michael, Kassiotis, George, Libri, Vincenzo, Williams, Bryan, Gandhi, Sonia, Swanton, Charles, and Bauer, David LV

Published
2022
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45. Immune responses following third COVID-19 vaccination are reduced in patients with hematological malignancies compared to patients with solid cancer

Author

Fendler, Annika, Shepherd, Scott T.C., Au, Lewis, Wilkinson, Katalin A., Wu, Mary, Schmitt, Andreas M., Tippu, Zayd, Farag, Sheima, Rogiers, Aljosja, Harvey, Ruth, Carlyle, Eleanor, Edmonds, Kim, Del Rosario, Lyra, Lingard, Karla, Mangwende, Mary, Holt, Lucy, Ahmod, Hamid, Korteweg, Justine, Foley, Tara, Barber, Taja, Emslie-Henry, Andrea, Caulfield-Lynch, Niamh, Byrne, Fiona, Shum, Benjamin, Gerard, Camille L., Deng, Daqi, Kjaer, Svend, Song, Ok-Ryul, Queval, Christophe, Kavanagh, Caitlin, Wall, Emma C., Carr, Edward J., Namjou, Sina, Caidan, Simon, Gavrielides, Mike, MacRae, James I., Kelly, Gavin, Peat, Kema, Kelly, Denise, Murra, Aida, Kelly, Kayleigh, O’Flaherty, Molly, Shea, Robyn L., Gardner, Gail, Murray, Darren, Popat, Sanjay, Yousaf, Nadia, Jhanji, Shaman, Van As, Nicholas, Young, Kate, Furness, Andrew J.S., Pickering, Lisa, Beale, Rupert, Swanton, Charles, Gandhi, Sonia, Gamblin, Steve, Bauer, David L.V., Kassiotis, George, Howell, Michael, Nicholson, Emma, Walker, Susanna, Wilkinson, Robert J., Larkin, James, and Turajlic, Samra

Published
2022
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46. Strong peak immunogenicity but rapid antibody waning following third vaccine dose in elderly residents of care homes

Author

Tut, Gokhan, primary, Lancaster, Tara, additional, Krutikov, Maria, additional, Sylla, Panagiota, additional, Bone, David, additional, Spalkova, Eliska, additional, Bentley, Christopher, additional, Amin, Umayr, additional, Jadir, Azar, additional, Hulme, Samuel, additional, Kaur, Nayandeep, additional, Tut, Elif, additional, Bruton, Rachel, additional, Wu, Mary, additional, Harvey, Ruth, additional, Carr, Edward, additional, Beale, Rupert, additional, Stirrup, Oliver, additional, Shrotri, Madhumita, additional, Azmi, Borscha, additional, Fuller, Chris, additional, Baynton, Verity, additional, Irwin-Singer, Aidan, additional, Hayward, Andrew, additional, Copas, Andrew, additional, Shallcross, Laura, additional, and Moss, Paul, additional

Published
2022
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47. Emergence of new subgenomic mRNAs in SARS-CoV-2

Author

Mears, Harriet V, primary, Young, George R, additional, Sanderson, Theo, additional, Harvey, Ruth, additional, Crawford, Margaret, additional, Snell, Daniel M, additional, Fowler, Ashley S, additional, Hussain, Saira, additional, Nicod, Jérôme, additional, Peacock, Thomas P, additional, Emmott, Edward, additional, Finsterbusch, Katja, additional, Luptak, Jakub, additional, Wall, Emma, additional, Williams, Bryan, additional, Gandhi, Sonia, additional, Swanton, Charles, additional, and Bauer, David LV, additional

Published
2022
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48. Adaptive immunity and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern following vaccination in patients with cancer: the CAPTURE study

Author

Fendler, Annika, Shepherd, Scott TC, Au, Lewis, Wilkinson, Katalin A, Wu, Mary, Byrne, Fiona, Cerrone, Maddalena, Schmitt, Andreas M, Joharatnam-Hogan, Nalinie, Shum, Benjamin, Tippu, Zayd, Rzeniewicz, Karolina, Boos, Laura Amanda, Harvey, Ruth, Carlyle, Eleanor, Edmonds, Kim, Del Rosario, Lyra, Sarker, Sarah, Lingard, Karla, Mangwende, Mary, Holt, Lucy, Ahmod, Hamid, Korteweg, Justine, Foley, Tara, Bazin, Jessica, Gordon, William, Barber, Taja, Emslie-Henry, Andrea, Xie, Wenyi, Gerard, Camille L, Deng, Daqi, Wall, Emma C, Agua-Doce, Ana, Namjou, Sina, Caidan, Simon, Gavrielides, Mike, MacRae, James I, Kelly, Gavin, Peat, Kema, Kelly, Denise, Murra, Aida, Kelly, Kayleigh, O���Flaherty, Molly, Dowdie, Lauren, Ash, Natalie, Gronthoud, Firza, Shea, Robyn L, Gardner, Gail, Murray, Darren, Kinnaird, Fiona, Cui, Wanyuan, Pascual, Javier, Rodney, Simon, Mencel, Justin, Curtis, Olivia, Stephenson, Clemency, Robinson, Anna, Oza, Bhavna, Farag, Sheima, Leslie, Isla, Rogiers, Aljosja, Iyengar, Sunil, Ethell, Mark, Messiou, Christina, Cunningham, David, Chau, Ian, Starling, Naureen, Turner, Nicholas, Welsh, Liam, van As, Nicholas, Jones, Robin L, Droney, Joanne, Banerjee, Susana, Tatham, Kate C, O���Brien, Mary, Harrington, Kevin, Bhide, Shreerang, Okines, Alicia, Reid, Alison, Young, Kate, Furness, Andrew JS, Pickering, Lisa, Swanton, Charles, Consortium, The Crick COVID-19, Gandhi, Sonia, Gamblin, Steve, Bauer, David LV, Kassiotis, George, Kumar, Sacheen, Yousaf, Nadia, Jhanji, Shaman, Nicholson, Emma, Howell, Michael, Walker, Susanna, Wilkinson, Robert J, Larkin, James, Turajlic, Samra, and Consortium, The CAPTURE

Subjects
Model organisms, Chemical Biology & High Throughput, Human Biology & Physiology, FOS: Clinical medicine, Stem Cells, Genome Integrity & Repair, Immunology, Neurosciences, Infectious Disease, Cell Biology, Tumour Biology, Biochemistry & Proteomics, Signalling & Oncogenes, Metabolism, Ecology,Evolution & Ethology, Cell Cycle & Chromosomes, Genetics & Genomics, Developmental Biology, Structural Biology & Biophysics, Computational & Systems Biology
Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) antiviral response in a pan-tumor immune monitoring (CAPTURE) (NCT03226886) is a prospective cohort study of COVID-19 immunity in patients with cancer. Here we evaluated 585 patients following administration of two doses of BNT162b2 or AZD1222 vaccines, administered 12 weeks apart. Seroconversion rates after two doses were 85% and 59% in patients with solid and hematological malignancies, respectively. A lower proportion of patients had detectable titers of neutralizing antibodies (NAbT) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOC) versus wild-type (WT) SARS-CoV-2. Patients with hematological malignancies were more likely to have undetectable NAbT and had lower median NAbT than those with solid cancers against both SARS-CoV-2 WT and VOC. By comparison with individuals without cancer, patients with hematological, but not solid, malignancies had reduced neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses. Seroconversion showed poor concordance with NAbT against VOC. Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection boosted the NAb response including against VOC, and anti-CD20 treatment was associated with undetectable NAbT. Vaccine-induced T cell responses were detected in 80% of patients and were comparable between vaccines or cancer types. Our results have implications for the management of patients with cancer during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Published
2022
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49. Functional antibody and T cell immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection, including by variants of concern, in patients with cancer: the CAPTURE study

Author

Fendler, Annika, Au, Lewis, Shepherd, Scott TC, Byrne, Fiona, Cerrone, Maddalena, Boos, Laura Amanda, Rzeniewicz, Karolina, Gordon, William, Shum, Benjamin, Gerard, Camille L, Ward, Barry, Xie, Wenyi, Schmitt, Andreas M, Joharatnam-Hogan, Nalinie, Cornish, Georgina H, Pule, Martin, Mekkaoui, Leila, Ng, Kevin W, Carlyle, Eleanor, Edmonds, Kim, Del Rosario, Lyra, Sarker, Sarah, Lingard, Karla, Mangwende, Mary, Holt, Lucy, Ahmod, Hamid, Stone, Richard, Gomes, Camila, Flynn, Helen R, Agua-Doce, Ana, Hobson, Philip, Caidan, Simon, Howell, Michael, Wu, Mary, Goldstone, Robert, Crawford, Margaret, Cubitt, Laura, Patel, Harshil, Gavrielides, Mike, Nye, Emma, Snijders, Ambrosius P, MacRae, James I, Nicod, Jerome, Gronthoud, Firza, Shea, Robyn L, Messiou, Christina, Cunningham, David, Chau, Ian, Starling, Naureen, Turner, Nicholas, Welsh, Liam, van As, Nicholas, Jones, Robin L, Droney, Joanne, Banerjee, Susana, Tatham, Kate C, Jhanji, Shaman, O���Brien, Mary, Curtis, Olivia, Harrington, Kevin, Bhide, Shreerang, Bazin, Jessica, Robinson, Anna, Stephenson, Clemency, Slattery, Tim, Khan, Yasir, Tippu, Zayd, Leslie, Isla, Gennatas, Spyridon, Okines, Alicia, Reid, Alison, Young, Kate, Furness, Andrew JS, Pickering, Lisa, Gandhi, Sonia, Gamblin, Steve, Swanton, Charles, Consortium, The Crick COVID-19, Nicholson, Emma, Kumar, Sacheen, Yousaf, Nadia, Wilkinson, Katalin A, Swerdlow, Anthony, Harvey, Ruth, Kassiotis, George, Larkin, James, Wilkinson, Robert J, Turajlic, Samra, and consortium, The CAPTURE

Subjects
Model organisms, Chemical Biology & High Throughput, Human Biology & Physiology, FOS: Clinical medicine, Stem Cells, Genome Integrity & Repair, Immunology, Neurosciences, Infectious Disease, Cell Biology, Tumour Biology, Biochemistry & Proteomics, Signalling & Oncogenes, Metabolism, Ecology,Evolution & Ethology, Cell Cycle & Chromosomes, Genetics & Genomics, Developmental Biology, Structural Biology & Biophysics, Computational & Systems Biology
Abstract

Patients with cancer have higher COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Here we present the prospective CAPTURE study, integrating longitudinal immune profiling with clinical annotation. Of 357 patients with cancer, 118 were SARS-CoV-2 positive, 94 were symptomatic and 2 died of COVID-19. In this cohort, 83% patients had S1-reactive antibodies and 82% had neutralizing antibodies against wild type SARS-CoV-2, whereas neutralizing antibody titers against the Alpha, Beta and Delta variants were substantially reduced. S1-reactive antibody levels decreased in 13% of patients, whereas neutralizing antibody titers remained stable for up to 329 days. Patients also had detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells and CD4+ responses correlating with S1-reactive antibody levels, although patients with hematological malignancies had impaired immune responses that were disease and treatment specific, but presented compensatory cellular responses, further supported by clinical recovery in all but one patient. Overall, these findings advance the understanding of the nature and duration of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with cancer.

Published
2022
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50. Antibody correlates of protection from SARS-CoV-2 reinfection prior to vaccination: a nested case-control within the SIREN study (accepted)

Author

Atti, Ana, Insalata, Ferdinando, Carr, Edward J, Otter, Ashley D, Castillo-Olivares, Javier, Wu, Mary, Harvey, Ruth, Howell, Michael, Chan, Andrew, Lyall, Jonathan, Temperton, Nigel J., Cantoni, Diego, da Costa, Kelly, Nadesalingam, Angalee, Taylor-Kerr, Andrew, Hettiarachchi, Nipunadi, Tranquillini, Caio, Hewson, Jacqueline, Cole, Michelle J, Foulkes, Sarah, Munro, Katie, Monk, Edward J M, Milligan, Iain D, Linley, Ezra, Chand, Meera A, Brown, Colin S, Islam, Jasmin, Semper, Amanda, Charlett, Andre, Heeney, Jonathan L, Beale, Rupert, Zambon, Maria, Hopkins, Susan, Brooks, Tim, and Hall, Victoria

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate serological differences between SARS-CoV-2 reinfection cases and contemporary controls, to identify antibody correlates of protection against reinfection. Methods: We performed a case-control study, comparing reinfection cases with singly infected individuals pre-vaccination, matched by gender, age, region and timing of first infection. Serum samples were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (anti-S), anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (anti-N), live virus microneutralisation (LV-N) and pseudovirus microneutralisation (PV-N). Results were analysed using fixed effect linear regression and fitted into conditional logistic regression models. Results: We identified 23 cases and 92 controls. First infections occurred before November 2020; reinfections occurred before February 2021, pre-vaccination. Anti-S levels, LV-N and PV-N titres were significantly lower among cases; no difference was found for anti-N levels. Increasing anti-S levels were associated with reduced risk of reinfection (OR 0•63, CI 0•47-0•85), but no association for anti-N levels (OR 0•88, CI 0•73-1•05). Titres >40 were correlated with protection against reinfection for LV-N Wuhan (OR 0•02, CI 0•001-0•31) and LV-N Alpha (OR 0•07, CI 0•009-0•62). For PV-N, titres >100 were associated with protection against Wuhan (OR 0•14, CI 0•03-0•64) and Alpha (0•06, CI 0•008-0•40). Conclusions: Before vaccination, protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was directly correlated with anti-S levels, PV-N and LV-N titres, but not with anti-N levels. Detectable LV-N titres were sufficient for protection, whilst PV-N titres >100 were required for a protective effect., Author's Accepted Manuscript

Published
2022
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