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This study was designed to evaluated the anti- cancerous, antiviral and antibacterial effects of Cymbopogon citratus aqueous leave extracts. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) staining assay has been applied to detect the cytotoxicity and the antiviral properties against measles virus (MV) using cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). The antibacterial potency of the extract against Staphylococcus aureus (staph. aureus) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kleb. pneumoniae) was determined using disc diffusion method by means of agar overlay assay. The results showed that C. Citratus extract effectively destroyed Hela cell line after 72 h of exposure. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value for the extract was found to be 500 µg mL-1 which exhibited the concentration of 600 µg mL-1 potent antivirus activity. The extract demonstrated antibacterial potency against Staph. aureus with mean inhibition zone 16.4 mm which was higher than that produced by Kleb. pneumoniae with mean inhibition zone of 10.7 mm. C. citratus was a favourable candidate as a natural herb to treat cervical cancers in vitro, restricted the MV replication and has potent antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and negative bacteria isolated from the respiratory tract.

The Optical Fiber sensor based on the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technology has been a successful performance sensing and presents high sensitivity. This thesis investigates the performance of several structure of SPR sensor in field of refractive index and chemical applications. A structure of Multi-Mode Fiber- Single Mode Fiber- Multi Mode Fiber (MMFSMF-MMF)

In this research, a sensor for chemical solutions was designed and formed using optical fiber-based on a surface Plasmon resonance technology. A single-mode optical fiber with three different diameters (25, 45 and 65) µm was used, respectively. The second layer of the low refractive fiber was replaced by gold, which was electrically deposited at 40 µm thickness. For each of the three types of optical fiber, different saline concentrations (different index of refraction) were used to evaluate the performance of the refractive index sensor (chemical sensor) by measuring its sensitivity and resolutions. The highest values we could get for these two parameters were 240mm/RIU, and 6*10-5 RIU respectively, when the diameter of an optical fiber was 25µm.

شخصت الطحالب في الحوض النهائي لحوض اسالة شرب لمحطة الرشيد الواقعى على نهر دجلة بجانب الرصافة في بغداد .تبين تواجد الطحالب الخضر المزرقة الملفتة للنظر ومن خلال الفحص الحيوي لعد الكتلة الحية للطحالب المنتجة للسموم التابعه لشعبة الطحالب الخضر المزرقة وعلى طول فصول السنةوبكمية عالية الازدهار الحيوي اذ بلغت اداد الطحالب 1040000و4064و2844 و3497خلية في اللتر خلال فصل الصيف والربيع والشتاء والخريف على التوالي في الحوض النهائي لمياه الشرب متمثلة بالطحالب الهائمة وهي المسوؤلة عن افراز السموم الطحلبية بينما الطحالب الملتصقة سادت اكثر من الهائمة والذي ساعد الطحالب على الازدهار بهذه الكمية هو تراكيز المغذيات النباتية متمثلة بالنترات والنتريت والامونيا والفسفور بتركيز 3،01 و1،02 و1،4و0،6 ملغم /لتر خلال فصل الصيف و , وبعض العناصر المغذية الاخرى مثل الكالسيوم والكبريت والالمنيوم علما ان كل من الكالسيوم والامونيا والعكورة والتوصيلة الكهربائية هي اعلى من الحدود المسموح بها لمياه الشرب العراقية

The purpose of the research is to see if cadmium oxide@gold (CdO@Au) nanoparticles produced using the laser ablation and plasma jet method in deionised water (DW) solution could be a viable alternative to typical materials in cytotoxicity of rat embryonic fibroblast (REF) normal cell line. The cadmium nanoparticle core was prepared using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at a wavelength of 1,064 nm, with laser pulse energies varying between 800 mJ and 1,000 mJ over 500 shots. Gold nanoparticles shell prepared using atmospheric pressure plasma jet. The structural analysis process used X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy to study the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to follow the fast changes in the nanoparticles (NPs) colloidal solutions brought on by the interaction between Au sheets and CdO core. From UV-Vis transmittance and absorbance spectra, it was observed that the transmittance pattern that can be obtained decreases. At the same time, the energy gap increases with the increase of laser energy, and this may be due to the increase in absorption. The XRD investigation revealed that the polycrystalline structure of CdO@Au NPs and their preferred orientation along (111) direction. The normal REF cell line was employed in the study to investigate the cytotoxicity of CdO@Au nanoparticles. After 48 h of exposure, the CdO@Au NPs displayed the maximum toxicity at a concentration of 100%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Laser is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Honeybees are crucial pollinators, playing a vital role in maintaining plant biodiversity and promoting a healthy natural environment. They serve as bioindicators, reflecting the state of our ecosystems. Beekeeping in Algeria faces significant challenges, particularly the devastating effects of the Varroa mite, an ectoparasite harming bee colonies. This study aimed at understanding the resilience of Mediterranean bee subspecies in the context of climate change. Conducted in 2021, a survey targeted Algerian beekeeping associations and individual beekeepers. The goal was to characterize beekeeping practices, identify key challenges, and evaluate their impact on natural resources and sustainable development. The survey reached beekeepers in 19 Algerian provinces, with a total of 200 responses analyzed. The results highlight constraints hindering beekeeping development: drought, high bee mortality, and the presence of bee diseases. These findings suggest that beekeepers who select colonies with strong overwintering and drought resistance capabilities can potentially improve honey production. The COVID-19 pandemic further impacted honey production, leading to lower yields in recent years. However, positive aspects were also identified, including beekeepers implementing good practices (queen replacement, apiary selection, transhumance) and routine Varroa mite monitoring. Strengthening the role of beekeeping associations in the field is crucial to support the sector's organization and improve its current situation, ultimately contributing to sustainable management of natural resources in Algeria.

Modern agriculture prioritizes sustainable practices by integrating new, less input-intensive species, coupled with water-saving strategies. Camelina sativa, an emerging versatile crop, holds promise due to these qualities. An experiment was conducted during the 2021-2022 season at the Agro- Veterinary Institute of the University of Batna in Algeria to study the behavior of this crop under deficit irrigation. Four irrigation treatments were tested, repeated four times: rainfed regime (T0), 100 % of crop evapotranspiration ETc (T1), 75 % of ETc (T2), and 35 % of ETc (T3). The measurements focused on the chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility, and energy values of camelina straw and oilcakes, as well as the water productivity in forage units. The results indicate that the treatments significantly affect the chemical composition of the straw, but not the enzymatic digestibility or energy values, which remained close to 0.14 Feed Value Unit (FEU) for all treatments. However, all studied parameters of the oilcakes were significantly affected by the irrigation regimes, with regime T2 showing an organic matter digestibility of 70.36 % and 0.74 FEU of energy, lower than T1 which stood out for its maximum values of 72.16 % and 0.77 FEU respectively. Moreover, the irrigation water productivity in forage units revealed impressive values for T2, both for straw and oilcakes, exceeding T1 by 18 % and 4.68 % respectively, while allowing a water saving of 25 % and a slight reduction in yield in Kg Dry Mater (DM) ha-1 of 12.07 % and 11.13 % respectively. The combination of camelina with deficit irrigation represents a sustainable agricultural strategy that enables the reconciliation of irrigation efficiency, sustainability, and economic profitability in a context where there is an urgent need to strike a balance between water availability, agricultural yields, and the quest for reliable alternative solutions for animal feed in semi-arid regions.

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was designed to evaluated the anti- cancerous, antiviral and antibacterial effects of Cymbopogon citratus aqueous leave extracts. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) staining assay has been applied to detect the cytotoxicity and the antiviral properties against measles virus (MV) using cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). The antibacterial potency of the extract against Staphylococcus aureus (staph. aureus) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kleb. pneumoniae) was determined using disc diffusion method by means of agar overlay assay. The results showed that C. Citratus extract effectively destroyed Hela cell line after 72 h of exposure. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value for the extract was found to be 500 µg mL-1 which exhibited the concentration of 600 µg mL-1 potent antivirus activity. The extract demonstrated antibacterial potency against Staph. aureus with mean inhibition zone 16.4 mm which was higher than that produced by Kleb. pneumoniae with mean inhibition zone of 10.7 mm. C. citratus was a favourable candidate as a natural herb to treat cervical cancers in vitro, restricted the MV replication and has potent antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and negative bacteria isolated from the respiratory tract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present instruction targets according to makes use of the molecular organic strategies into a genotoxicity looking after about mean diffraction doses within samples concerning people among Al-Twuathia site, it learning inclusive of 35♂ blood samples, used (30 - fifty five year), so well as 15 ♂blood samples, ancient (25 - 50 year) permanency toughness which are no longer people who smoke yet alcohol as much control. In that research usage DNA sequences technique for investigating the factor mutations appropriate in conformity with the impact regarding ignoble doses on ionizing radiation within the blood of smearing workers namely nicely namely the discovery about the effect concerning ionizing diffraction on the genes The genetic susceptibility after smearing exposure is in all likelihood after end result from the contribution about much genetic variants between multiple repair pathways as may bear a suture then additive impact over repair diverse DNA damages. Longevity a more comprehensive, larger-scale genetic instruction is needed after similarly explore the outcomes about gene-environment interaction concerning genetic susceptibility in conformity with ionizing dispersion exposure. In conclusion, the results indicated the opportunity over the use of the adjustments of as like beneficial biomarkers for the discovery concerning ethnical publicity in accordance with ionizing radiation., the learnt tested usefulness on the mutation frequency because HPRT assay then DNA sequences technique namely a sensitive extra biomarker among the everyday fitness screening about people occupationally uncovered to low doses on ionizing diffraction the effects indicated as at that place is an opportunity over the usage of the changes at the degree concerning HPRT gene mutation as much useful biomarkers because of the detection of ethnic exposure in accordance with radiological or chemical substances yet in accordance with makes use of PCR Techniques as like biomarkers because detection about the consequences on the low doses painting within the lymphocytes of gore among people occupationally to ionizing diffraction at the Al-Twuathia site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is one of the most deadly cancers threatening life and is the most prevalent among women worldwide and in general is the second most common type of cancer. The aim of this study was to identify the expression of microRNAs and biomarkers for early detection of breast cancer. MicroRNAs have become a hot subject in cancer research today because of their important role not only in cancer progression, progression, But also suppress genes related to cancer. With advanced techniques, these microRNAs can be easily detected from biopsy samples and blood for early diagnosis, diagnosis and treatment. Due to the increase in the demand for research in the exploration of the microRNAs profile in relation to different subtypes of breast cancer, the role of microRNA microRNA as an oncomir or oncosupressor, and discovery of microRNAs and miRNAs potentials for the treatment of breast cancer. MiR is involved in a variety of natural physiological processes, specifically identifying and identifying cell type. It has become clear that they are also major factors in cancer. Here we discuss what is known about miR biology in natural breast, and the emerging roles in breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ackground : The knee is one of the largest and most complicated joints in the body. Knee osteoarthritis is a common disease for many people in many countries, especially those who have an unbalanced and unhealthy lifestyle, where they suffer from pain and difficulty in movement. Given that treatments and medicines generally have side effects, it was possible to search for an alter- native treatment that is safer and it has the greatest effect. Platelet-rich plasma therapy is an important and useful treatment by injecting it locally into the knee joint, which allows for repairing the damage in the joint and rebuilding it at the level of the microenvironment. Significant disappearance of symptoms the in- nate immune system stimulates interleukin-4, an anti-inflammatory cytokine secreted by the body in response to the inflammation that occurs in the affected area of the body, where it works to stimulate the repair of damage. Patients and procedure This non-randomized controlled pilot study in- cluded 32 patients (18 females and 14 males) with knee osteoarthritis and 16 healthy subjects (5 females and 11 male) from November 2021 to June 2022. All KOA patients diagnosed by orthopedic specialists were based on clinical treat- ment and radiological findings (X-rays). They were divided into two groups based on the type of PRP; they received: 21 patients received a single injection of pure-PRP in the knee joint and 11 patients received a single injection of LR- PRP in the knee joint. The PRP were received by patients was 4 ml in the case of both groups. The ages of the participants (patients and control group) ranged between 35-75 years old. Outcomes were measured at two points at baseline and six months after injection with IL-4 as an indicator. Results The results of this study were showed that the concentration of IL-4 was significantly higher in KOA patients as compared to control subjects, and both the pure-PRP injected group and the LR-PRP injected group showed a significant decrease in the concentration of IL-4 after six weeks of intervention, but the pure-PRP injected group showed a higher reduction in the serum level of IL-4 as compared to the LR-PRP injected group. Conclusions In conclusion, pure-PRP and LR-PRP showed benefits in terms of inflammation reduction. In both groups, there was a significant reduction in the concentration of IL-4, but the pure-PRP gave a superior outcome as com- pared to the LR-PRP.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the gastrointestinal (GI) tolerability and efficacy of 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) in a rabbit model. METHOD A study was conducted on 28 healthy male albino rabbits, aged 6-8 months, which were divided into four groups randomly. Group A was a healthy control group; group B was a diseased, untreated; group C and group D were diseased and received paracetamol and 2-isopropyl- 5-methylphenol, respectively. The study was divided into two phases. During Phase I, OA was induced in the “diseased” rabbits, using a 4% papain solution (0.2 mL) with cysteine HCl (0.1 mL) as an activator, on the first, fourth and seventh days. Development of disease was confirmed using knee X-ray analysis, estimated by the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) scale. During Phase II, the animals in groups C and D were treated with paracetamol and 2-isopropyl- 5-methylphenol, respectively. Knee X-rays were taken at 4-week intervals and blood tests were made before and at the end of treatment, including complete blood count, renal function tests and liver function tests. The pain score was calculated using the Rabbit Grimace Scale (RGS). RESULTS The OA pain disappeared after day 4 in the groups treated for pain alleviation. Knee X-ray showed that OA was reversed and returned to KL score “0” in group D. The 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol treatment considerably decreased the blood levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphate (p=0.001), and improved renal and liver function. CONCLUSIONS 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol is safe and effective in the control of pain and the inhibition and reversal of OA, and is tolerated by the GI tract in the experimentally induced rabbit model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

لعبت المناطق الحرة والمناطق التنموية دوراً كبيراً ومهماً في تهيئة مناخ الاستثمار وجذب رؤوس الأموال العربية والأجنبية وتطوير الصناعات المحلية وخلق فرص للعمالة، بالإضافة إلى تأثيرها على التجارة العالمية بشكل ملفت، وتتمثل الأهداف التي أنشأت من أجلها المناطق الحرة في جذب رؤوس الأموال الأجنبية للاستثمار داخل الدولة، وزيادة حجم صادرات الدولة من منتجات المناطق الحرة وتقليل حجم الواردات عن طريق سد احتياجات السوق المحلي من منتجات هذه المناطق بدلاً من الاعتماد على الخارج. وتتجلى أهداف البحث من خلال البحث في مفهوم المناطق الحرة في سورية وضوابط الاستثمار فيها ودراسة القوانين الناظمة للمناطق الحرة السورية في جذب الاستثمارات الأجنبية، واعتمد الباحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي للنصوص والمواد القانونية المتعلقة بالاستثمارات الأجنبية في المناطق الحرة السورية، ودراسة المؤشرات المتعلقة بتطور الاستثمارات الأجنبية خلال السنوات الماضية.

Abstract Financial markets can be considered as basic pillars for the development of economic life. They activate the national economy because they are important in mobilizing national savings and guiding them in investment fields that support the national economy that leads to increasing the welfare of citizens. The importance of the study comes from the rapid and successive developments that the international financial markets achieved, which called for the need to keep cope with these developments by conducting accurate scientific studies on the reality of financial markets in developing countries in general and Arab countries in particular and identifying some economic variables that affect the performance and development of financial markets. As the financial markets in developing countries suffer from a great delay compared to the developed countries, it is necessary to find ways and means to help these markets to cope with developments in the international financial markets. From this point of view, this study aims at clarifying and revealing the effects of changes in internal government debt as an independent variable on the financial market trading indices (market value, trading volume and general index) as dependent variables. The study is based on the hypothesis that there is no relationship of effect and correlation with moral significance for internal government debt in the financial market through its trading indices.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain a major oncological challenge with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Erlotinib (Er) and Curcumin (Cm) are potential therapeutic agents for HNSCC, yet they are hindered by poor solubility and bioavailability. This study explored the optimization of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles co-loaded with Er and Cm (Er/Cm-NP), prepared via a D-optimal response surface design-guided nanoprecipitation process. The optimized formulation, optEr/Cm-NP, was then incorporated into chitosan/β-glycerophosphate hydrogels (optEr/Cm-NP-HG) to create an injectable intratumoral (IT) nanocomposite hydrogel (HG) delivery system. Physicochemical properties of the formulations, including gelation time, injectability, mechanical strength and drug release profiles were assessed alongside hemolytic activity. Compared to optEr/Cm-NP alone, the NP-loaded HG formulation exhibited a more pronounced modulation effect, enabling sustained and controlled drug release. The cytotoxicity of the developed formulations was evaluated using the FaDu HNSCC cancer cell line. Both optEr/Cm-NP and optEr/Cm-NP-HG21 displayed enhanced cytotoxicity compared to free drugs. Confocal laser microscopy and flow cytometry confirmed superior cellular uptake of Er and Cm when delivered via NPs or NP-loaded HG. Furthermore, a significant increase in apoptotic cell death upon treatment with optEr/Cm-NP was observed, highlighting its potential for HNSCC therapy. In vivo studies conducted on a xenograft HNSCC mouse model revealed the significant capacity of the intratumorally-injected optEr/Cm-NP-HG21 formulation to retard the tumor growth. Conclusively, the results presented herein report the successful development of a nanocomposite HG system incorporating NPs co-loaded with Er and Cm that could be efficiently utilized in the treatment of HNSCC., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Remote monitoring of patient-recorded spirometry and pulse oximetry offers an alternative approach to traditional hospital-based monitoring of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Remote spirometry has been observed to reasonably reflect clinic spirometry in participants with ILD but remote monitoring has not been widely incorporated into clinical practice. We assessed the feasibility of remotely monitoring patients within a clinical ILD service., Methods: Prospective, single-arm, open-label observational multi-centre study (NCT04850521). Inclusion criteria included ILD diagnosis, age ≥ 18 years, FVC ≥ 50% predicted. 60 participants were asked to record a single spirometry and oximetry measurement at least once daily, monitored weekly by their local clinical team. Feasibility was defined as ≥ 68% of participants with ≥ 70% adherence to study measurements and recording measurements ≥ 3 times/week throughout., Results: A total of 60 participants were included in the analysis. 42/60 (70%) were male; mean age 67.8 years (± 11.2); 34/60 (56.7%) had idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), Median ILD-GAP score was 3 (IQR 1-4.75). Spirometry adherence was achieved for ≥ 70% of study days in 46/60 participants (77%) and pulse oximetry adherence in 50/60 participants (83%). Recording ≥ 3 times/week every week was provided for spirometry in 41/60 participants (68%) and pulse oximetry in 43/60 participants (72%). Mean difference between recent clinic and baseline home spirometry was 0.31 L (± 0.72). 85.7% (IQR 63.9-92.6%) home spirometry attempts/patient were acceptable or usable according to ERS/ATS spirometry criteria. Positive correlation was observed between ILD-GAP score and adherence to spirometry and oximetry (rho 0.24 and 0.38 respectively). Adherence of weekly monitoring by clinical teams was 80.95% (IQR 64.19-95.79). All participants who responded to an experience questionnaire (n = 33) found remote measurements easy to perform and 75% wished to continue monitoring their spirometry at the conclusion of the study., Conclusion: Feasibility of remote monitoring within an ILD clinical service was demonstrated over 3 months for both daily home spirometry and pulse oximetry of patients. Remote monitoring may be more acceptable to participants who are older or have more advanced disease., Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov NCT04850521 registered 20 th April 2021., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Traditional treatments for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, often have severe side effects. Local delivery of chemotherapeutic agents can be a promising approach to minimise systemic toxicity and improve efficacy. Lauric acid (LA), was explored as a novel injectable thermosensitive drug reservoir as a depot for sustained release of anticancer drugs to treat HNSCC. LA was characterised in terms of melting temperature and gelation time. The efficacy of LA-based drug formulations was tested in vitro in a HNSCC cell line and in vivo in a mouse model of HNSCC. LA was modified to have a melting point of 38.5 °C and a gelation time of 40 s at 37.5 °C, rendering it suitable for injection at body temperature. LA- based doxorubicin (DOXO) formulation showed slow release with a maximum of 18% release after 3 days. The in vitro study showed that LA enhanced the cytotoxic effect of DOXO. LA combined with DOXO prevented tumour progression and LA alone significantly reduced the original tumour volume compared to the untreated control group. These findings confirmed that LA can function as practical carrier for the local delivery of chemotherapeutics and provides a safe and simple strategy for the delivery of hydrophobic anticancer drugs and warrant further testing in clinical trials.

Phylogenetically, the tribosphenic molars-prototypes of multi-cusped cheek teeth in marsupial and placental mammals-are derived from the single-cusped conical teeth of reptiles through the addition of cusps. Ontogenetically, mammalian molars are formed through the interface between the dental epithelium and mesenchyme (future enamel-dentin junction), becoming geometrically complex by adding epithelial signaling centers, called enamel knots, which determine future cusp positions. To reevaluate cusp homologies in Mesozoic mammals from an ontogenetic perspective, this study tracked molar development in a living placental mammal species, the house shrew (Suncus murinus), whose molars are morphologically the least derived from tribosphenic prototypes. The development of shrew molars proceeded as if it replayed the evolutionary process of tribosphenic molars. The first formed enamel knots gave rise to the evolutionarily oldest cusps-upper paracone and lower protoconid. The order of formation of other enamel knots and their location in development seemed to trace the order of cusp appearance in evolution. The parallel relationship between ontogeny and phylogeny of mammalian molars, if any, suggests that a change in the timing between developmental events rather than a change in the morphogenetic mechanism itself, should have been a major causal factor for the evolutionary transformation of tooth morphology., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for the Study of Evolution (SSE). All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Increased COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy presents a major hurdle in global efforts to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of adverse events after the first dose of the Covishield (AstraZeneca) vaccine among physicians in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire for physicians ( n  = 916) in Bangladesh. Physicians who received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine were included. The study was carried out from April 12 to May 31, 2021. More than 58% of respondents ( n  = 533) reported one or more adverse events. Soreness of the injected arm (71.9%), tiredness (56.1%), fever (54.4%), soreness of muscles (48.4%), headache (41.5%) and sleeping more than usual (26.8%) were the most commonly reported adverse events. Most vaccine-related reactogenicities were reported by the younger cohorts (<45 years). The majority of respondents reported severity of reactogenicity as "mild," experienced on the day of vaccination, and lasting for 1-3 days. The most common reactogenicity was pain at the injection site; the second most common was tiredness. Almost half (49.2%) of the physicians took acetaminophen (paracetamol) to minimize the effects of vaccine reactogenicity. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that physicians with diabetes and hypertension (OR = 2.729 95% CI: 1.282-5.089) and asthma with other comorbidities (OR = 1.885 95% CI: 1.001-3.551) had a significantly higher risk of vaccine-related reactogenicities than physicians without comorbidities. Further safety studies with larger cohorts are required to monitor vaccine safety and provide assurance to potential vaccine recipients., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare., (© 2022 The Authors. FASEB BioAdvances published by the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.)