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Jane MacNeille, Senior Vice President of Player Communications at LIV Golf, has a wealth of experience in the golf industry. She has worked in various roles, including hospitality management, public relations, and communications. LIV Golf is a global sports league founded in 2022 by Greg Norman, featuring 13 teams and some of the world's best golfers. MacNeille's responsibilities include handling all communications for the players and building the brands for the teams. She emphasizes the importance of networking, hard work, and strong communication skills for young professionals in the industry. MacNeille is passionate about social responsibility, particularly supporting military-related charities. She finds her work at LIV Golf rewarding, as she has been able to build something from the ground up and create lasting relationships. [Extracted from the article]

In the competitive arena of academic publishing, facing rejection can be disheartening for scholars striving for recognition and impact. In this editorial, we delve into the process of article writing in sales and marketing journals, with a particular focus on personal selling and sales management. We offer insights to help authors navigate the path to publication success. From articulating abstracts that attract readers to framing findings with finesse, each section of this editorial is designed to provide scholars with the tools and techniques necessary to enhance the quality and acceptance rate of their submissions. Drawing on our combined experiences as managing and senior editors, we provide actionable advice and practical strategies to address the challenges encountered in the peer-review process. By illuminating the nuances of manuscript preparation and submission, this editorial provides a step-by-step guide for academics seeking to elevate their scholarly contributions and minimize the sting of rejection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Phenomenology and Pedagogy in Physical Education" by Oyvind Standal is a book that addresses the lack of studies on phenomenology and pedagogy in the context of physical education in schools. The book consists of 10 chapters that cover topics such as the role of practical knowledge in physical education, the teacher's role in the skills model, and the ethical dimensions of physical education. Standal argues that phenomenology can contribute to physical education by promoting critical movement literacy and accommodating marginalized groups. The book is intended for sports and education academics and provides a new perspective on understanding physical education. However, the discussion could benefit from more real-life examples. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: A decline in youth running was observed at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated whether the resumption of organized running after social distancing restrictions changed running habits or injury frequency in adolescent runners. Methods: Adolescents (age = 16.1 [2.1] y) who participated in long-distance running activities completed an online survey in the Spring and Fall of 2020. Participants self-reported average weekly running habits and whether they sustained an injury during the Fall 2020 season. Poisson regression models and 1-way analysis of variance compared running habits while Fisher exact test compared differences in frequencies of injuries during Fall 2020 among season statuses (full, delayed, and canceled). Results: All runners, regardless of season status, increased weekly distance during Fall 2020. Only runners with a full Fall 2020 season ran more times per week and more high-intensity runs per week compared with their Spring 2020 running habits. There were no differences in running volume or running-related injury frequency among Fall 2020 season statuses. Conclusions: There were no significant differences in running-related injury (RRI) frequency among runners, regardless of season status, following the resumption of cross-country. Health care providers may need to prepare for runners to increase running volume and intensity following the resumption of organized team activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To (a) present a theoretical framework that describes how learners' movement habits become relevant in the development of movement capability and (b) present data that illustrate how this process occurs in practice. Method: An investigation with preservice physical education teachers was conducted in two phases. The first phase involved examining participants' movement habits, and the second phase involved examining the participants' development of novel capabilities in the context of unicycling. Results: Empirical materials from two participants are presented as case studies. The cases demonstrate how different sets of movement habits interact with novel tasks, making the demand for creative action more or less likely. The cases also demonstrate how subjective and physical elements are interwoven. Finally, the cases provide insights into potentially productive habits for movement learning. Discussion/Conclusion: The paper is concluded with pedagogical implications, including a consideration of how crises might be managed in educational contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavior performed in the presence of consistent cues is a core element for successful habit development, with the repeated presence of consistent cues facilitating the activation of automatic responses in future. Yet, little is known about the effects of different cue types on habit. Using a two-wave prospective PLS-SEM model with a sample of 68 undergraduate students, we assessed the mediating effects of habit on the past-behavior-to-physical-activity relationship, and how the mediating effects of habit were moderated by the consistent presence of different forms of cues. Habit mediated the effects of past behavior on physical activity, with a significantly stronger mediating effect of habit in those reporting undertaking physical activity at the same time of day, doing the same activity, and in the same mood. Consistent place, people, and part of routine did not moderate the effects of habit. The results provide formative evidence for a key assertion of the habit theory that consistent contextual and internal cues are a cornerstone of habitual development and action, but they also indicate the importance of examining different forms of cues and their impact on the formation and enaction of habits as some cues may be more relevant than others.

Opioid addiction is a relapsing disorder marked by uncontrolled drug use and reduced interest in normally rewarding activities. The current study investigated the impact of spontaneous withdrawal from chronic morphine exposure on emotional, motivational and cognitive processes involved in regulating the pursuit and consumption of food rewards in male rats. In Experiment 1, rats experiencing acute morphine withdrawal lost weight and displayed somatic signs of drug dependence. However, hedonically driven sucrose consumption was significantly elevated, suggesting intact and potentially heightened reward processing. In Experiment 2, rats undergoing acute morphine withdrawal displayed reduced motivation when performing an effortful response for palatable food reward. Subsequent reward devaluation testing revealed that acute withdrawal disrupted their ability to exert flexible goal-directed control over reward seeking. Specifically, morphine-withdrawn rats were impaired in using current reward value to select actions both when relying on prior action-outcome learning and when given direct feedback about the consequences of their actions. In Experiment 3, rats tested after prolonged morphine withdrawal displayed heightened rather than diminished motivation for food rewards and retained their ability to engage in flexible goal-directed action selection. However, brief re-exposure to morphine was sufficient to impair motivation and disrupt goal-directed action selection, though in this case, rats were only impaired in using reward value to select actions in the presence of morphine-paired context cues and in the absence of response-contingent feedback. We suggest that these opioid-withdrawal induced deficits in motivation and goal-directed control may contribute to addiction by interfering with the pursuit of adaptive alternatives to drug use.

The Partial Reinforcement Extinction Effect (PREE) is the finding of more rapid extinction to a continuously reinforced cue than to a partially reinforced cue. Despite its well-documented existence, it has challenged many theoretical accounts of learning that assume the likelihood of responding is correlated with the strength of the learned Stimulus (S) – Response (R) association. While a number of explanations (notably by Amsel and Capaldi) of the PREE have been proposed, Rescorla (1999) reported a PREE using an entirely within-subjects design—a finding that runs counter to these proposed explanations. We describe how the PREE might be explained by the formation of inhibitory S-R associations that develop during the acquisition of partial reinforcement, but not continuous reinforcement. To test this proposal, we trained pigeons to peck a response key in the presence of one partially reinforced stimulus but also omitted the response key during the training of an alternative partially reinforced stimulus—thus preventing the development of inhibitory S-Rs to that latter stimulus. We found evidence for the PREE only for the partially reinforced stimulus where inhibitory S-Rs were capable of being formed, thus supporting our proposal. Alternative explanations of our procedure and its relevance to broader computational rules of learning is discussed.

We find that the Campbell–Cochrane external-habit model can generate a value premium if the persistence of the consumption surplus is sufficiently low. Such low persistence is supported by micro evidence on consumption. If the mean and conditional volatility of consumption growth are highly persistent, as in the Bansal–Yaron long-run risk model, then fast-moving habit can also generate, without eroding the value premium: i) empirically sensible long horizon return predictability; and ii) a price–dividend ratio for market equity that exhibits the high autocorrelation found in the data. Fast-moving habit also delivers several empirical properties of market-dividend strips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AimsThis study aimed to compare reward, relief, and habit treatment-seeking individuals on recent drinking, alcohol use disorder (AUD) phenomenology, and mood. The second aim of the study was to evaluate the predictive validity of reward, relief, and habit profiles.MethodTreatment-seeking individuals with an AUD (n = 169) were recruited to participate in a medication trial for AUD (NCT03594435). Reward, relief, and habit drinking groups were assessed using the UCLA Reward Relief Habit Drinking Scale. Group differences at baseline were evaluated using univariate analyses of variance. A subset of participants were enrolled in a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled medication trial (n = 102), and provided longitudinal drinking and phenomenology data. The predictive validity of group membership was assessed using linear regression analyses.ResultsAt baseline, individuals who drink primarily for relief had higher craving and negative mood than those who drink for reward and habit. Prospectively, membership in the relief drinking group predicted greater alcohol use, greater heavy drinking, and fewer days abstinent compared to those in the reward drinking group. Membership in the relief drinking group also predicted greater alcohol craving, more alcohol-related consequences, and more anxiety symptoms over 12 weeks compared to those in the reward drinking group.ConclusionsThis study provides support for reward and relief drinking motive profiles in treatment-seeking individuals with an AUD. Membership in the relief drinking motive group was predictive of poorer drinking outcomes and more negative symptomology over 12 weeks, indicating that individuals who drink for relief may be a particularly vulnerable sub-population of individuals with AUD.

OBJECTIVE: Container deposit schemes are often hailed as a useful avenue to increase consumer recycling rates. Yet, there is little research investigating within-person changes in peoples beliefs and behavior following the implementation of these schemes, or tests of the mechanisms by which such change has occurred. METHODS: The current study fills this knowledge gap and assessed container recycling behavior and habits as well as the social cognition factors of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intentions in a sample of 90 Queenslanders before the implementation of the container deposit scheme and one and three months post-implementation. RESULTS: Analysis of variance indicated more frequent recycling behavior following the implementation of the scheme, as well as stronger habits, intentions, and perceived behavioral control. CONCLUSIONS: Such a concomitant change in behavior, beliefs, and habits provides support for behavior change theory, while also flagging potential targets for strategies that can be paired with container deposit schemes to enhance their efficacy and uptake.

This study explores how affective and cognitive experiences in an executive MBA (EMBA) course facilitate executives' transformative learning. Using data collected from in-depth interviews with 35 executive learners who took a transformative learning-oriented course, we found four affective experiences—feeling respected, safe, excited, and energized—interacting with two cognitive processes—self-learning and peer learning—culminating in transformation-inducing momentum. This momentum involved cognitively realizing the limits of their habit of mind and feeling ashamed by its limits yet feeling courageous about transforming it. The theoretical model derived from this inductive study demonstrates how executives can resolve the dilemma of transforming their habits of mind when an educator provides an arena in which they can learn about others' varying habits of mind, critically reflect on their own habit of mind, and develop the shame and courage to challenge it. Executives who reached this transformation-inducing momentum interpreted familiar situations with a different habit of mind or enacted a new habit of mind. The findings on the interplay of cognitive and affective experiences leading to these accomplishments of transformative learning contribute to management learning and education literature by illuminating the role of affect in the transformative-learning building process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A group of faculty and staff of the Missouri State University (MSU) Libraries, assisted by an anthropologist, conducted a survey and then an ethnographic study using direct observation and semi-structured interviews of a broad sample of MSU faculty members to explore faculty scholarly information seeking habits and behavior. Research questions explored where faculty researched, what they used, and whom they consulted for assistance. Building upon background and findings concerning content in an introductory article, this companion article will discuss findings related to services and spaces used or desired by faculty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the influence of habit on health behaviour, or the formation or disruption of health habits over time, requires reliable and valid measures of automaticity. The most used measure, the Self‐Report Behavioural Automaticity Index (SRBAI; derived from the Self‐Report Habit Index [SRHI]), comprises four items, which may be impractical in some research contexts. Responding to demand from fellow researchers, this study sought to identify whether and which single items from the SRBAI adequately detect hypothesised effects of automaticity, via secondary analysis of 16 datasets, incorporating 16,838 participants and seven different behaviours. We assessed construct validity through correlations between each item and the full SRBAI (and where possible, the SRHI) and predictive validity by examining correlations with behaviour. All four single‐item measures independently met construct and predictive validity criteria. We recognise compelling conceptual and methodological arguments regarding why people should not attempt to assess automaticity via a single, self‐report item. However, where circumstances require brief measures, three SRBAI items each offer a credible and practical one‐item measure that can substitute for the SRBAI or SRHI. We recommend one item in particular—‘Behaviour X is something I do automatically’—because it tended to most closely replicate the effects of the four‐item SRBAI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractHigh rates of medication non-adherence have been reported in Chilean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although habit is relevant to medication adherence, few studies have examined the antecedents of habit strength in taking diabetes medication. The aim of the present study was to assess the mediating role of habit strength in the association between determinants of habit formation and medication adherence in Chilean patients with T2DM. Participants were 245 T2DM patients from Chile. Variables were measured using self-report scales. Hypotheses were tested using a series of mediation models. Results supported the mediating role of habit strength in the relationships of medication adherence with planning, exposure to contextual cues, behavior repetition, perceived benefits, and intrinsic motivation. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings for the treatment of T2DM are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This work is a dual study employing a cross-sectional approach and a diary method to investigate how physical exercise can become a habit. Guided by the Upward Spiral Theory of Lifestyle Change, we examined the role of prioritizing positivity and engaging in physical exercise with others as advantageous resources and their impact on the relational loop of physical exercise behavior, emotions, and engagement. Methods: The first study involved a sample of 553 participants, and the second study included 146 participants, all of whom were employed and regularly engaged in physical exercise. We utilized structural equation modeling and multilevel analysis for the respective studies. Results: The results of the first study indicate that individuals exercise more when they experience higher levels of engagement and positive emotions, particularly when exercising with others and prioritizing positivity. The findings of the second study reveal that prioritizing positivity acts as a precursor to positive emotions during physical exercise, which in turn reinforces the relational loop between emotions and exercise behavior. Discussion: Both studies conclude that individuals who prioritize positivity experience better psychological wellbeing and higher engagement in physical exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-restorative sleep (NRS) affects not only individuals' health, but also company productivity, highlighting the importance of measures in the workplace to improve sleep. This study aimed to examine the clustering of the presence of restorative sleep (RS) and lifestyle habits in a Japanese working population and to explore the characteristics of these clusters. The subjects were 58,150 Japanese working men aged 40−59 years who underwent health check-ups across the country from April 2015 to March 2016. Data for the presence of RS, the frequency and amount of drinking, smoking/exercise habits, and body mass index obtained from health check-ups were clustered with latent class analysis. In addition, the characteristics of each cluster were examined from the perspectives of lifestyle-related disease-associated blood test results obtained from health check-ups and the status of medical treatment at medical institutions as determined from medical claims data. Consequently, RS and lifestyle habits were found to form five clusters. The "NRS, no exercise, drinkers" cluster showed the highest probability of not achieving RS. An "Obese, occasional binge drinkers" cluster with a higher percentage of patients with sleep-apnea syndrome and a "Nondrinkers" cluster with proportions of those taking sleeping pills/anxiolytics and antidepressants/antipsychotics were observed. Furthermore, the "Daily smokers and drinkers" and "RS and drinkers" clusters showed a relatively high probability of achieving RS. These findings suggest that some individuals may not be aware of the sleep disorders caused by their drinking and smoking habits. Measures to improve sleep must be tailored to the characteristics of each cluster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theory and research about trust in news typically draws on normative understandings of news as a conduit for information transmission in the service of the media’s role as the Fourth Estate in democratic systems. These approaches rely on a narrow top-down view of trust, and of how and why people use news in their daily lives. In this study, we offer a complementary audience-centric view of trust in news, which foregrounds three attributes beyond politics and professional practice, closer to Carey’s formulation of communication as ritual, which we argue is better aligned with how much of the public engages with news. Our qualitative analysis of focus groups and interviews in Brazil, India, the United Kingdom, and the United States identifies three attributes of trust in news that extend beyond the transmission view of communication—specifically those pertaining to habit, emotion, and identity. These findings show the importance of considering how trust operates through sociocultural levels sometimes in tandem with, but in other ways orthogonal to, political factors. We posit that journalists and reformer-advocates for journalism seeking effective strategies for rebuilding trust may need to look beyond politics and the professional practices in the industry to do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the abundance of political information in today's media environment, an increasing number of people tune out from the news. Scholars have traced these developments to both individual motivational factors gaining importance in the high-choice media environment and generational differences related to changing news habits and changing norms around news consumption. However, research that integrates these perspectives is scarce, and studies investigating this relationship longitudinally are especially rare. Thus, this paper investigates the conditional effects of (1) political interest and (2) age on the probability of avoiding traditional news media, and (3) whether these conditional effects have changed over time. Using data from 1986 to 2021, this study shows that the number of people tuning out from news media is increasing. The effect of political interest and age on the probability of news media avoidance has also increased over time. Additionally, there were only small age differences in the impact of political interest in earlier periods, but these differences have increased over time. Today, being uninterested in politics is clearly a stronger predictor of news media avoidance among younger people compared to older individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explores the experience of news avoidance among two groups—those who frequently consume news and those who do not. I focus the work of news avoidance, by asking: in today's media environment, when is news avoidance easy and when is it difficult? Data for this study comes from 45 qualitative interviews conducted with US adults during the fall of 2020. Interviewees were selected based on their prior levels of either low or high news consumption. The findings reveal stark differences in the experience of news avoidance among the interviewees. For some, news avoidance is easily accomplished and well-integrated into their daily routines, while for others, it presents a formable challenge that disrupts their established habits. Notably, infrequent news consumers are more likely to say news avoidance is easy, whereas frequent news consumers are evenly split regarding the perceived ease and difficulty of avoiding news. Ultimately, these findings offer a detailed understanding of how news avoidance is practiced in everyday life and its relationship to news consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corydalis miaotaiensis (Papaveraceae), a new species from the Qinling‐Daba mountains region, central China, is described. It is similar to Corydalis ternatifolia C.Y. Wu, Z.Y. Su & Lidén, but differs from the latter in the crested (versus ecristate) outer petals, unbranched, suberect to erect (versus branched, ascending) stems, bipinnate (versus biternate) rosette leaves, and in the presence (versus absence) of axillary bulbils, long stolons, and long shoots. Corydalis miaotaiensis exhibits a notable growth pattern, initially suberect to erect but gradually transitioning to wholly decumbent with its developed stolons and long shoots, rendering it distinctive within the genus Corydalis. This underscores the need to consider growth habit when describing Corydalis species. An identification key to C. miaotaiensis and related species is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coffee is widely consumed around the world. In Japan, it is a type of "Shikohin" (consumed for flavor, not nutrition). Several medical studies have reported the beneficial effects of coffee consumption, whereas others suggest that these beneficial effects on psychological aspects are marginal. The habit of consuming large amounts of caffeine through coffee may improve short-term resilience in stressful situations and may exhaust individuals in the long term. We hypothesized that people who habitually drink high amounts of coffee would have lower resilience scores and higher acute stress responses. Methods: Adult Japanese men completed a questionnaire that included a resilience scale and Shikohin consumption habits. Experimental participants were recruited from the survey respondents and classified into three groups based on their coffee consumption per day: No Coffee, Low Coffee, and High Coffee. All participants were asked to join the Trier Social Stress Test-Online (TSST-OL). Subjective stress and salivary cortisol concentrations was measured at eight time points during the experiment. There were 16 participants in each group for the analysis (mean age = 46.10 years, SD = 12.58). Results: Statistical analysis showed that both subjective stress and salivary cortisol concentrations significantly increased following TSST-OL exposure. However, there were no significant differences among the groups, and the hypotheses were not supported. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the effectiveness and stability of the TSST-OL. Additionally, coffee consumption habits were not significantly related to resilience scale scores or acute stress responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When it comes to relationships with technology, questions of trust and trustworthiness are never far away. This paper explores how the rapid expansion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies into people’s everyday lives pushes the question of what it means to trust technology into new and unfamiliar territories, far beyond traditional frameworks associated with either functional reliability (subject-object), or those that take their inspiration from interpersonal (subject-subject) relations. Challenging the cognitivist and humanist emphases of such models of trust, the paper instead develops a more ontological sense of trust which foregrounds the complex material processes and unconscious forces that shape how people think and relate to AI. Drawing on in-depth interviews with users of AI-enabled navigation apps (like Google Maps and Waze), we draw out these ontological dimensions of trust in three main ways. First, how relationships with these technologies are strongly shaped by imaginaries that have significant performative impacts on how AI is conceived and whether and how it can be trusted. Second, how people’s sense of trust is often attuned to the broader socio-technical ecologies that shape AI’s existence. And finally, how the affective force of everyday habits enables or constrains trust in relation to specific contexts and scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drinking alcohol in excess is associated with deleterious health outcomes, highlighting the need for research to identify potentially modifiable correlates of excessive alcohol consumption to target in behavioral interventions. The present two‐wave prospective correlational study applied an integrated theoretical model that included theory of planned behavior constructs alongside habit, cue consistency, affective attitudes, and past behavior as predictors of two alcohol‐related behaviors, drinking within safe limits and regular alcohol drinking, in separate samples of Australian undergraduate students (total N = 474). Structural equation models identified direct effects of habit, affective attitude, and subjective norms on intention for both behaviors. Habit at follow‐up, cue consistency, and past behavior directly predicted behavior in both samples, whereas intention predicted behavior only for drinking within safe limits, and affective attitude only predicted behavior for regular drinking. Cue consistency moderated the effects of habit on behavior for both behaviors and moderated the effect of past behavior on regular drinking. Results corroborate past behavior and habit as key correlates of behavior and provide preliminary evidence of the importance of integrating cue consistency, a defining characteristic of habit, as a moderator of habit and past behavior effects an integrated theory test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of e‐cigarette or vape devices is a growing concern on an international scale, given the devices' addictive nature and questions regarding their short‐ and long‐term health impacts. Their use is especially an issue in young people, many of whom have little or no previous nicotine use experience. This study tested an integrated dual process model in 363 young Australian undergraduates where prospectively measured e‐cigarette use was predicted by the psychological constructs of the theory of planned behavior, supplemented with risk perception, e‐cigarette dependence, habit, and implicit attitude. Intention to use an e‐cigarette was predicted by affective attitude, subjective norm, and e‐cigarette dependance, but not instrumental attitude, perceived behavioral control, or risk perception. E‐cigarette use was predicted by e‐cigarette dependance, intention, habit, implicit attitude, and previous nicotine use, although perceived behavioral control did not directly predict behavior nor moderate the intention–behavior relationship. Current findings provide evidence for important psychological predictors of e‐cigarette use, signposting potential intervention targets. Specifically, interventions may benefit from using strategies that tap affective or normative beliefs alongside automatic constructs and dependence, while focusing less on beliefs about the health impacts of e‐cigarettes or control over using. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Two rising innovations in educational leadership development--using an equity lens and facilitating continuous improvement (CI)--depend upon leaders developing conducive mindsets for the work. However, little research has examined how educational leaders come to develop equity-focused CI mindsets. This is important given that countervailing habits of thinking are likely to develop within leaders' typical work environments. This paper traces the extent to which an Ed.D. program centered around a pedagogy of critical improvement science can foster shifts from typical habits of thinking towards equity-focused CI mindsets. Methods: Data consisted of 13 assignments and semi-structured interviews of six Ed.D. students participating in two parallel and interconnected courses during their first term. The two courses culminated in a common assessment: a White Paper about their equity-focused problem of practice and how their social identities shaped their understanding and role in addressing the problem. Through coding, analytic memos, and member checking, we traced patterns and shifts in students' thinking over time around five key domains of learning: problem identification, problem diagnosis, use of evidence, social identity, and equity leadership practices. Results: We found emergent mindset shifts for all six participants across all learning domains. Students demonstrated new insights about problem analysis and becoming evidence-informed and user-centered, challenging their initial framing of problems through a systems approach to diagnosing problem. These insights intersected with new understandings of their social identities and practices as equity leaders as they reflected on more oppressed and privileged aspects of their identity and wrestled with new understandings that acting as equity leaders would entail disrupting power dynamics and empowering others for collective learning and action. Discussion: The results reveal the potential of developing equity-focused CI mindsets through leadership programs that intentionally integrate methods of CI with critical analysis of one's social identity and leadership practices amid systems of oppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the international declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the life of the world population has had significant repercussions in all areas, mainly in health. Also, there have been a large number of changes in people's lives, which have modified routines, relationships, habits, family economy, work environments and in the population of children, adolescents and young adults their school environment. The educational system was forced, thanks to confinement, to move from school classrooms to family homes using the devices available according to the economic level of each one. This resulted in the modification of study habits in students, affecting routines, moods and personal relationships, among others. This article presents a study on the psychosocial conditions that the students of the Universidad Tecnológica de Torreón have presented before, during the confinement and the new normality of the pandemic, in which significant changes (p <.05) were found. The results obtained are a tool that elucidates the aspects to care and keep track of our student population to avoid reaching a stronger problem. In addition to creating and/or strengthening learning strategies that help the student to have a comprehensive life within the university [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bushy-tailed opossum Glironia venusta is a rare marsupial from Amazonia, with most of the known records obtained through scant visualization/photography events or by few captures/deposit of specimens in scientific collections. This study presents unusual records for the species: the first record of individuals dead due to vehicle collision, and a specimen opportunistically trapped into a mistnet. The data presented herein provide additional morphometrical data and ecological insights about G. venusta. Although this species is considered essentially arboreal, our records indicate that movements on ground are part of its habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do states sustain failing policy? The literature on path dependency and cognitive habits shows how foreign policy logics become axiomatic. Yet these explanations focus too much on people and not enough on policies. We argue that the content of policies matters for the degree and depth of their entrenchment. Policies with long-term time horizons, immeasurable objectives and diffuse effects are especially vulnerable to stasis. Engagement policies toward China are a paradigmatic example. We focus on Canada's engagement policy, which exhibits both stasis and change, and refer to similar policies of other countries. Drawing on primary evidence including interviews with high-level diplomats and decision-makers, we find that engagement aimed at socializing China was sustained despite growing evidence of its failure—including through a multi-year diplomatic crisis. Change only became possible through 'institutionalized debate', meaning the purposeful creation of formal channels for debate. The article makes three contributions. First, we identify a novel explanation of stasis, showing that the content of policies matters. Second, we introduce a practical pathway—institutionalized debate—that can disrupt stasis once a policy logic is habituated. Finally, we identify an aspect of socialization ignored in the literature: when operationalized as policy, it becomes resistant to reversal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A newly discovered sixteenth-century manuscript leaf of Vincent of Lérins's Commonitorium manifests a distinctive scribal habit in the formation of cursive h-a previously thought to be unique to William Shakespeare and Hand D in the manuscript play Sir Thomas More. Comparison of the scribal hand in the Vincent manuscript and Hand D suggests that they are not the same, but the pronounced similarity of the h-a ligature challenges the uniqueness of the form and may force a reevaluation of this crucial link between Shakespeare and Sir Thomas More. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depression is present in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective : We evaluated the sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical features of Mexican individuals with clinical depressive symptoms in order to identify predictors for depression symptoms; finally, we evaluated if HbA1c levels could be used as a probable diagnostic of depressive symptoms in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: The population studied consisted of 376 Mexicans with diabetes who were interviewed to collect information about comorbidities and habits. The evaluation of depressive symptoms was performed using the Hamilton scale. For a possible clinical association between HbA1c levels and depressive symptoms, we performed chi-square tests (χ2)/ t tests. A multivariate logistic regression model with the backward conditional method was used to identify predictors of depressive symptoms. An ROC curve was plotted to assess the possible role of HbA1c as a diagnostic predictive test of depression symptoms. Results: A total of 42.8% (n = 161) individuals showed clinical depressive symptoms. When comparing individuals with and without depression symptoms, those with depression symptoms showed higher levels of glucose and HbA1c; additionally, gender (p = 0.04), age (p = 0.006), HbA1c (p < 0.01), and complications related to diabetes were predictive factors for clinical depressive symptoms (p < 0.01). However, HbA1c showed a low diagnostic accuracy for depressive symptoms, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.59. Conclusions: Our findings provided evidence of the sex, age, HbA1c levels, and medical complications as predictors of clinical depressive symptoms in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, HbA1c levels are not useful as a diagnostic instrument for depressive symptom severity in these Mexican individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Design Methods Results Conclusions Health promotion professionals can contribute to high‐quality motivation and sustained health behaviours, for example, physical activity (PA), using motivational interaction with their target groups. However, evidence shows that even after comprehensive training, professionals do not optimally adopt motivational counselling styles. To improve efforts to help professionals take up and sustain motivational interaction in their practice, we need a better understanding of influences on practising these styles. This study set out to investigate pre‐service physical education (PE) teachers' experienced facilitators and challenges of practising motivational interaction.After a training course that aimed to teach pre‐service PE teachers the basic ideas and practical techniques of motivational interaction, 19 participants were interviewed.Inductive content analysis was employed to investigate semi‐structured interviews.We developed three categories each including both facilitators and challenges of practising motivational interaction: (1) own style of interaction functioned as a basis for practising and involved (a) confidence in skills and resources as well as (b) reflecting, overcoming and forming habits, (2) regulation of one's own behaviour: autonomy and responsibility involved the freedom to choose and plan how to practise but also bearing responsibility for it, and (3) pursuing authentic interaction related to the search for natural ways to use motivational interaction with others.We provide suggestions on how future training can make use of this knowledge and systematically make use of behaviour change science to foster practising motivational interaction, for example, using self‐regulation strategies and habit‐forming/breaking skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exogenous factors have a great impact on the health of children living in a Roma community. Healthy nutrition, tempering procedures, observance of a daily routine and established hygiene habits predetermine the health status of children. Roma families have different attitudes and perceptions of the value of health. Some families have low health culture and are unwilling to accept the development of hygiene habits. The aim of the present study is to learn and analyze the factors influencing the health of children living in a Roma community aged 0-7 years.The object of research are 270 Roma from different Roma groups with children in their families aged 0-7 years. The survey method is essential for gathering empirical information from the field, along with in-depth interviews and expert opinions. Sociological and statistical methods have been used. Results and Discussion: The fact that only a third of Roma children are taught to wash their hands after performing physiological needs is alarming. Only 38.5% of older children in the family and 23% of younger children have acquired this habit. In the upbringing of children, no great importance is attached to the observance of a daily routine. Conclusion: Taking care of the body, maintaining good personal hygiene and building health habits in early childhood will prevent the development of many diseases. This is the responsibility of Roma parents, but health professionals can actively participate in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Menstruation is a key function of the reproductive system and is central to sexual and reproductive health and rights. Menstrual health and hygiene is critical to the well-being and ability of women and adolescent girls to take care of themselves in a healthy way during menstruation. Therefore, they should be explained and considered as an educational and health process. Topic relevance: respondents' attitudes to receiving information about the menstrual cycle from a midwife. Purpose: to provide health information about the nature of menstruation. Materials and methods: A survey was conducted in the month of April 2024 from schools in the city of Burgas, the city of Karnobat, the city of Sungurlare, the village of Ruen. There are 108 mothers of adolescent students who showed interest and desire to participate in the anonymous study. For the purpose of the study, the students, together with a teacher, prepared a multimedia presentation containing health information about the menstrual cycle, menstruation, hygiene care related to it, ways to achieve menstrual health; Results: Students aged 10 to 18 took part in the study. More than half of the girls studied had menarche between the ages of 12-14 (50.80%). The mother is the source of information (87.50%), and at the same time, children want to receive guidance on menstrual health from a doctor (52.50%), a school nurse (37.70%), even a familiar midwife ( 9.80%). A large proportion of mothers recognize the midwife as the appropriate health professional for menstrual health education.Conclusion: The study confirms the need for a premenstrual conversation, which mostly calms and prepares the girl for the upcoming menstruation. Adolescence is the most appropriate period during which an adolescent girl can develop healthy habits, including habits to maintain menstrual health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis is a chronic, progressive metabolic disease that leads to a decrease in bone density. It affects the population of all countries of the world and can lead to disability and significantly worsen the quality of life of patients. The condition in which bone density is below normal reference values, but not low enough to be diagnosed with osteoporosis, is called osteopenia. Change in bone health can begin at a young age, so early prevention should be a public health challenge. Decreased bone density in young women can be caused by a variety of factors, such as genetics, lifestyle, dietary habits, physical activity, and socioeconomic conditions. This study aims to identify risk factors related to lifestyle, adversely affecting bone health among able-bodied women of two different ethnicities - Bulgarian and Roma. A total of 417 women of active age participated in the study, divided into two groups according to their ethnicity. The results show statistical differences between the two groups in lifestyle and harmful habits affecting bone health. Regarding the other modifiable risk factors: smoking, excessive alcohol use and caffeinated beverages, we found a statistically significant difference, only for alcohol consumption. Adherence to a diet for weight loss, as a risk factor for unbalanced nutrition and lack of vitamins and minerals necessary for bones, shows a statistically significant difference, Bulgarian women gave a higher relative share for this risk factor. Conclusion: Knowledge of the condition "osteopenia" as well as lifestyle risk factors among women of active age will improve bone health and bone mineral density and prevent the development of osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lacustrine environments from Northern Patagonia are exposed to volcanic events from the Southern Volcanic Zone. Chironomid larvae are an important paleo-proxy because, in addition to their environmental sensitivity, their chitinous cephalic capsules are well preserved in lacustrine sediments, allowing their recovery and identification. We analysed the effects of a recent volcanic eruption (Puyehue-Cordón Caulle Volcanic Complex 2011) on the chironomid community based on their cephalic remains accumulated following the ash deposition process. Two pulses of ash deposition were distinguished: a first stage comprising the immediate coarse ash fall and a delayed finer volcanic deposition. An abrupt decline in chironomid taxa and their densities were noted during the first coarse pulse, followed by an attempt of community recovery through the second finer pulse, characterised by main taxa turnover, observing an alternative community functional structure. Based on these results and comparing with past volcanic depositions, we observed different chironomid responses according to their particular ecological habits, and we noted possible percolation effects, mainly in coarse tephras, and probably a delayed record of very low abundance taxa. Our results suggest caution in analysing chironomid assemblages within and adjacent to tephra deposition as local volcanic eruption could affect chironomid community with possible consequences on paleoreconstructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines a letter written to the Female Spectator, the first English-language periodical edited by a woman, which tells the story of Aliena, a woman who disguised herself as a man to join her lover's ship. However, she was discovered before boarding and faced public scrutiny and contempt. The author argues that this story reflects Eliza Haywood's exploration of gender performance and fluidity, as well as her thoughts on gender transition and the role of women in society. The article also highlights Haywood's significance as a prolific and influential writer in the 18th century. It discusses the portrayal of gender and sexuality in Haywood's work, particularly in her story "Aliena, or the Female Spectator," and emphasizes the importance of recognizing and respecting diverse perspectives, including queer and trans possibilities, in historical texts. [Extracted from the article]

In tropical forests, deciduous and evergreen leaf habits represent contrasting tree adaptations to precipitation seasonality. Both rainfall seasonality and interannual variation in rainfall are determinants of forest deciduousness, but their relative influence is not well understood. In this study, we evaluate the extent of deciduous-evergreen coexistence in tropical forests and develop a simple model of competition for water between leaf habits. Using this model, we formalize two mechanisms representing rainfall variability across time scales that may explain their stable coexistence: the temporal storage effect via interannual variability in rainfall vs. rainfall partitioning via evergreen access to dry-season rainfall. In our model, both mechanisms resulted in coexistence, but coexistence was more robust via resource partitioning. Empirically, remotely sensed deciduousness increased with precipitation seasonality, but effects of interannual rainfall variability on deciduousness were minor. We hypothesize that dry-season rainfall may prove a stronger influence on coexistence between leaf habits, and that changes in rainfall seasonality will have a greater impact on forest deciduousness than changes in the interannual variability of rainfall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drowsiness impairs drivers' concentration and reaction time, doubling the risk of car accidents. Various methods for detecting drowsy driving have been proposed that rely on facial changes. However, they have poor detection for drivers wearing a mask or sunglasses, and they do not reflect the driver's drowsiness habits. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel method to detect drowsy driving even with facial detection obstructions, such as masks or sunglasses, and regardless of the driver's different drowsiness habits, by recognizing behavioral patterns. We achieve this by constructing both normal driving and drowsy driving datasets and developing a 3D-CNN (3D Convolutional Neural Network) model reflecting the Inception structure of GoogleNet. This binary classification model classifies normal driving and drowsy driving videos. Using actual videos captured inside real vehicles, this model achieved a classification accuracy of 85% for detecting drowsy driving without facial obstructions and 75% for detecting drowsy driving when masks and sunglasses are worn. Our results demonstrate that the behavioral pattern recognition method is effective in detecting drowsy driving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adolescence is a critical period for the development of affectivity and sexuality. Adolescents begin to explore their sexual identities, form intimate relationships, and learn to manage their emotions in new and complex contexts. This study aims to analyze the prevalence of habits and behaviors related to the affective–sexual health of adolescents in the fourth year of ESO, identifying risk factors, comparing their behaviors and risks, monitoring these behaviors, analyzing their pornography consumption, and evaluating the use of the internet as a source of sexual information. Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study using questionnaires. Participants are fourth-year ESO students from a school in the Baix Llobregat province (Catalonia), aged between 14 and 18 years. Descriptive and bivariate statistical analyses are conducted using the chi-square test and p-value calculations with the R Project software. Frequency and percentage analyses are also used to describe the health behaviors of the participants. Results: The study reveals that girls have better knowledge of the contraceptive pill and male condom than boys. Sexual initiation and condom use management vary between the genders, with girls being more capable of persuading their partners to use them. Pornography consumption also shows significant differences in terms of the age of initiation and frequency between boys and girls. Conclusions: This study on adolescent affectivity and sexuality reveals knowledge about contraceptives, early sexual initiation, and high pornography consumption, highlighting the need for early and diverse affective–sexual education, youth empowerment, and media misinformation management to promote safer and healthier behaviors within municipal public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this study were to translate the Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) into a simplified Chinese version (ASSQ-CHN) and test its properties. Using a methodological study, a total of 160 elite athletes participated, and 133 athletes completed the experiment. Statistical results show the following: (1) a total of 4 factors were obtained by using exploratory factor analysis conducted on the ASSQ-CHN (sleep difficulty score, travel impact, sleep behaviour and habit, and electronic device use before bedtime). The sleep difficulty score (SDS) part consisted of items 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6. (2) the SDS showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.74), as well as test-retest reliability (ICC2,1 = 0.79, 95% CI 0.72–0.85), standard error of measurement = 1.37 points and minimum detectable change = 3.24 points, with no floor or ceiling effects. This suggests that the real change in ASSQ-CHN (SDS) score should be over 3.24 points and the measurement tool can distinguish between subjects with the highest or lowest scores. (3) the SDS was strongly correlated with the PSQI (rs = 0.74, P < 0.01). The correlation between SDS and SF-36 was only moderately correlated with general health (rs = −0.33, P < 0.01), and there was low or no significant correlation with other items. (4) the ASSQ-CHN (SDS) mean score of the sleep disorder group was significantly higher than that of the healthy groups (P < 0.01). The ASSQ-CHN is equivalent to the original version in terms of language and measurement properties. It can be used as an effective and reliable sleep screening tool to evaluate athletes' sleep status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The predeformation prior to artificial aging plays an important role in enhancing the properties of Al–Cu–Li based alloys. This study focused on investigating the impact of a large amount of prerolling (20%) on the orientation variation and distribution characteristics of T1 precipitates in a rolled Al–Cu–Li alloy. The results revealed that T1 phases precipitated in the same orientation were not strictly parallel within a grain, a small angle existed between different phases in the same direction due to the orientation fluctuation of the matrix induced by prerolling. The misorientation degree of the T1 precipitates presented a slight expend tendency with increasing the aging time. Furthermore, the connection between this orientation distortion of the T1 phases and the tensile properties was discussed. Additionally, it was found that the T1 variants along different orientations were heterogeneously distributed, possibly due to the activation of different slip systems during the prerolling process and the variation in the number of nucleation sites among the nonparallel habit planes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We derive a new theoretical model of money demand, which reflects backward‐ and forward‐looking preferences in consumption and utility. The former aspect is captured by standard habit formation, and the latter by anticipation of future consumption preferences. By introducing both of these into the Ramsey–Sidrauski framework, we unveil a new highly general model of money demand. We discuss the model in light of the apparent breakdown of money‐demand functions and diminished policy relevance of monetary aggregates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]