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Background. Teachers are often the first to encounter bullying among school learners, and their intervention can contribute in many ways to stopping and overcoming bullying. The teacher’s identification, attribution and reaction to bullying depending on its type contribute to the effectiveness of addressing the bullying situation. Purpose. The article aims to identify the level of school teachers’ professional competence (in terms of “know” and “be able to” levels), as regards prevention and avoidance of bullying by its main types within the system “pupil – pupil (group of pupils)” at school. Materials and methods. The authors carried out diagnostics of anti-bullying competence decomposed into levels by means of testing and case solving by types of bullying, involving 86 teachers representing all schools in Naberezhnye Chelny chosen from the cumulative body of teachers, evenly distributed by age, length of service and category. Results. The teachers’ anti-bullying competence was diagnosed to be at low and average levels, not exceeding 60% of the formed competence. The teachers’ knowledge of bullying and how to respond to it was better formed than the corresponding skills. The success of anti-bullying actions was directly proportional to the levels of maturity of the cognitive and activity components of anti-bullying competence. Teachers proved to be most knowledgeable and efficient in the prevention and prophylaxis of physical and economic bullying in the school environment and least knowledgeable and effective when it concerned factual psychological- and cyber-bullying.

Placentation abnormalities resulting from using assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is a pressing global obstetrical issue due to complications associated with the pathology: bleeding during pregnancy, postpartum hemorrhage, higher number of cesarean sections, perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. This pathology rate tends to increase also due to higher number of pregnancies achieved via in vitro fertilization (IVF). In this regard, we decided to find out the key risk factors for developing this pathology, identify new international data on placentation abnormalities, ART impact on this disease, since ART have been increasingly used to achieve pregnancy in women, both in Russia and abroad. Recent studies have proven the unique morphological structure of the placental hematopoietic barrier in post-IVF women as well as an increased incidence of placentation abnormalities, placenta accreta and premature abruption in comparison with spontaneous pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Considering the large number of limb amputations in war-related gunshot wounds, early diagnosis of terminal neuromas is important to provide appropriate limb replacement. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of ultrasound in evaluating peripheral nerve endings and detecting terminal neuromas in patients after limb amputation due to gunshot trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 71 patients (men aged 20–57 years old) underwent ultrasound examination of 179 peripheral nerves. The examination was conducted according to standard technique using the ACUSON S2000 scanner (Siemens Healthineers, Germany) with a linear transducer with a frequency of 7–17 MHz, after setting the program of musculoskeletal examination. The cause of amputation was gunshot trauma. The duration of gunshot trauma ranged from 11 to 362 days, while the period between surgical intervention and the examination ranged from 11 to 340 days. The indication for the examination was pain in the limb stumps. RESULTS: A comprehensive examination of 179 peripheral nerves revealed 149 injured endings that were subjected to further evaluation. The distribution of lesion frequency revealed that the shoulder level was the most affected area in the upper extremities, while the thigh was the most affected area in the lower extremities. Notably, lesions on the left side were more prevalent in both cases. All observed changes in the endings were classified into three distinct groups: Group 1 (60%) comprised structural changes without signs of terminal neuroma. Group 2 (25%) consisted of structural changes with terminal neuroma. Group 3 (15%) included structural changes with potential (forming) terminal neuroma. In the absence of a terminal neuroma, ultrasound findings may include thickening of the nerve ending with preserved fascicular structure, decreased echogenicity, and increased vascularization of the nerve ending in color Doppler mapping. The ultrasound findings suggestive of a potential terminal neuroma include the following: the same and the presence of a globular hypoechogenic mass emanating from the nerve ending, the absence of differentiation into fasciculi in the mass, the latter not occupying the entire cross-sectional area of the nerve ending, and the mass being avascular on color Doppler mapping. The ultrasound findings of a formed terminal neuroma include the following: a club-shaped or globular hypoechogenic mass exceeding the cross-sectional area of the nerve proximally by 2 or more times, emanating from the nerve ending; absence of differentiation into fasciculi in the formation; the formation occupying the entire cross-sectional area of the nerve ending and being avascular in color Doppler mapping. The timing of terminal neuroma formation was observed to occur on average 109.9 days (14–362) after gunshot trauma and 98.2 days (14–340) after surgical intervention. The formation of terminal neuromas was observed on average 153.3 days (31–341) after gunshot trauma and 139.5 days (14–327) after surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound examination is an effective method of detecting terminal neuromas as a potential cause of pain syndrome in amputated limbs in gunshot trauma. It is recommended that ultrasound diagnosis of terminal neuromas be performed no earlier than 31 days after surgical intervention, and that ultrasound monitoring in dynamics be conducted.

Polyoxometalates (POMs) are metal-oxygen clusters composed of {MO6} octahedra that have attracted considerable attention due to their remarkable antiviral, antibacterial and antitumor activities. Despite their potential, the molecular mechanisms underlying their cellular toxicity remain poorly understood. This study investigates how Anderson-Evans type polyoxotungstates (POTs) and polyoxomolybdates (POMos) interact with biological membranes by examining their effects on the zeta (ζ) – potential of the lipid bilayer and the size of small unilamellar liposomes of different phospholipid compositions. POTs affected the ζ-potential of neutral (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, DOPC) and slightly negatively charged (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; DOPC:DOPE) membranes in the order [MnW6O24]8– > [Ni(OH)6W6O18]4– > [TeW6O24]6–. The addition of negatively charged cardiolipin (CL) to DOPC reduced the interaction of POTs with the membrane. An opposite effect was observed for POMos, which changed the ζ-potential of neutral and slightly negatively charged membranes in the order [Al(OH)6Mo6O18]3– > [Cr(OH)6Mo6O18]3– >> [Ni(OH)6Mo6O18]4–. The addition of POMos increased the size of the liposomes in reverse order. The binding of [Al(OH)6Mo6O18]3– to the PE-containing phospholipid membranes and the effect of ionic strength on the interaction of [Cr(OH)6Mo6O18]3– with DOPC:CL liposomes could be inhibited by potassium fluoride (KF). Interestingly, KF did not inhibit the interaction of other POMos with membranes as indicated by ζ-potential measurements. These results suggest that the interaction of Anderson-Evans type POMs with phospholipid membranes is influenced more by their addenda and central ions than by their total charge. By unravelling the structure-activity relationships for the different POMs, we contribute to the design of biologically active POMs for therapeutic use.

Objective: to reveal the essence of educational organizations’ digitalization as the implementation of product- and processinnovations in their innovation activity from the managerial viewpoint, including (here) innovation statistics in the data economy. The research tasks were: to formulate the essence of educational organizations’ digitalization as product- and process-innovations in their innovation activity in the digital economy based on the analysis of scientific works; to identify product- and process-innovations as a result of educational organizations’ digitalization; to form tools of educational organizations’ digitalization in the context of product- and process-innovations in the form of methodological material.Methods: analysis, synthesis, classification. The study object is the processes of educational organizations’ digitalization as an integral part of their innovative activity under the fourth industrial revolution. The study subject matter is product- and process-innovations implemented in the process of educational organizations’ digitalization.Results: the paper identifies product- and process-innovations as a result of educational organizations’ digitalization, compiles a list of them, while taking into account the processes of virtualization of assets, management and platformization in the internal and external environments of an educational organization. The concept of “digitalization of educational organizations” was clarified: it is a set of processes of virtualization and platformization, considered as an integral part of the innovative activity of educational organizations, which results in product- and process-innovations. Recommendations for experts in the field of educational organizations’ digitalization were developed, in terms of normative and legal regulation of the process under study, its organization, methodological support and achievement of the educational system’s technological sovereignty based on the introduction of product- and process-innovations.Scientific novelty: consists in revealing the essence of an educational organization’s digitalization as part of its innovative activity, while distinguishing the product- and process-innovations in theoretical and practical virtualization and platformization of the issue.Practical significance: the study results can be used to form strategies for managing product- and process-innovations arising during digitalization of educational organizations and to collect statistical information on the innovation activity of educational organizations in the digital economy.

Subject. Digitalisation of educational organisations’ activities is impossible without the intensification of all parties of academic and educational processes. At the moment, the effectiveness of digitalisation of educational organisations depends to a large extent on the effectiveness of the innovative activities of management. Purpose. This paper specifies the range of tools for the development and improvement of the results of research and innovation activities of an educational organisation in the course of its virtualisation, considering all participants of this process. Methodology. In this paper we conducted a critical analysis of the works of researchers indexed in the Scientific Electronic Library by the following research areas: “research activities of educational organisations, digital economy” and “innovation activities of educational organisations, digital economy”. Results. A plan was suggested for the intensification of research and innovations, including all participants of these processes: students and academic staff of an educational organisation based on positive non-advertising mentions in mass media where the educational organisation was named as the current place of employment. Conclusions. Specifying the range of tools for developing the innovations and research results of educational organisations in the course of their virtualisation allowed the authors to differentiate between the concepts of “research activities” and “innovation activities” in relation to an individual educational organisation, emphasise the item “Positive non-advertising mentions in mass media with the educational organisation named as the current place of employment” as part of the ranking system of this educational organisation as a tool for the intensification of research and innovation activities of students and academic staff in the digital economy, and show that the intensification of research and innovations of educational organisations in the digital economy is based on intellectual property items.

This study investigates the concentration-dependent speciation and stability of Keggin-type [PVWVI12O40]3–(PW12) and Wells-Dawson type [α-PV2WVI18O62]6–(P2W18) polyoxotungstates across the pH range from two to eight and buffer systems including acetic acid-sodium acetate, citric acid-sodium citrate, sodium phosphate, Tris-HCl and HEPES. Utilizing 31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy for detailed analysis, we quantified the stability and hydrolysis patterns of PW12 and P2W18 in various buffer solutions at concentrations of 3, and 15 mM, and compared with previously published data for 10 mM solutions. Our research shows that higher concentrations of PW12 and P2W18 in solutions improve their stability in neutral to moderately alkaline environments (pH seven and above), making them less prone to hydrolysis. This pronounced effect underscores the crucial role of concentration in optimizing the behavior of polyoxometalates under varying pH levels, revealing a strong link between concentration and stability across various buffers and highlighting how ionic strength, buffer composition, and pH crucially interact to influence POM stability. Research on how ionic strength affects the speciation of 3 mM solutions shows that the stability of P2W18 decreases as the pH approaches neutrality and as ionic strength increases, indicating heightened hydrolysis and reduced stability. For the inherently less stable PW12, the findings indicate a shift in hydrolysis pathways—different concentrations of the hydrolysis products, a change likely driven by the increased ionic strength. These findings emphatically underscore the critical importance of meticulously selecting the right buffer and concentration to fully unlock the potential of polyoxometalates such as PW12 and P2W18. Strategic choices are essential for leveraging these compounds as pivotal elements in groundbreaking applications, poised to revolutionize scientific and technological landscapes.

Aim. To characterize the association between cardiovascular risk factors and clinical and paraclinical variables with the severity of concomitant carotid and subclavian atherosclerosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Material and methods. Patients with ACS of any type, having obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) confirmed by coronary angiography, underwent an ultrasound of the carotid and subclavian arteries with quantitative plaque assessment. The most important clinical, echocardiographic, angiographic and laboratory variables that contribute to atherosclerosis and/or affect the cardiovascular prognosis were evaluated. In patients with ACS considered ad the CAD onset, retrospective calculation of Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation2 (SCORE2) score was performed.Results. A total of 312 patients aged 64 (56, 72) years (male, 69,2%) were studied. The detection rate of carotid/subclavian plaque was 86% and was higher in patients with more severe CAD — 79,4, 87,0, 92,6% in patients with 1-, 2- and 3-vessel disease respectively (p=0,027). However, 20% of patients with 2-/3-vessel CAD had no carotid/ subclavian atherosclerosis. Most of the traditional cardiovascular risk factors and other studied echocardiographic, angiographic, laboratory variables, as well as SCORE2 in patients with CAD onset did not demonstrate independent association with the severity of carotid/ subclavian atherosclerosis. The variability of the total plaque area (TPA) was explained by related multifactor regression model only to a small extent, R2=13%. Age (β 0,76, 95% CI 0,24-1,29, p=0,004), glomerular filtration rate (β -0,44, 95% CI -0,76 — -0,13, p=0,006); peripheral artery disease (β 19,50, 95% CI 1,63-37,37, p=0,033) demonstrated a significant independent association with TPA.Conclusion. In patients with ACS, only age, glomerular filtration rate and history of peripheral artery disease demonstrated the independent associations with carotid/subclavian atherosclerotic burden. Assessed variables explained 13% of TPA variability.

There is clear evidence that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) mediates bone metabolism. Histological studies show abundant SNS innervation of the periosteum and bone marrow–these nerves consist of noradrenergic fibers that immunostain for tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine beta-hydroxylase, or neuropeptide Y. Nonetheless, the brain sites that send efferent SNS outflow to the bone have not yet been characterized. Using pseudorabies (PRV) viral transneuronal tracing, we report, for the first time, the identification of central SNS outflow sites that innervate bone. We find that the central SNS outflow to bone originates from 87 brain nuclei, sub-nuclei, and regions of six brain divisions, namely the midbrain and pons, hypothalamus, hindbrain medulla, forebrain, cerebral cortex, and thalamus. We also find that certain sites, such as the raphe magnus (RMg) of the medulla and periaqueductal gray (PAG) of the midbrain, display greater degrees of PRV152 infection, suggesting that there is considerable site-specific variation in the levels of central SNS outflow to the bone. This comprehensive compendium illustrating the central coding and control of SNS efferent signals to bone should allow for a greater understanding of the neural regulation of bone metabolism, and importantly and of clinical relevance, mechanisms for central bone pain.

Reticular and cluster materials often feature complex formulas, making a comprehensive overview challenging due to the need to consult various resources. While datasets have been collected for metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and zeolites, among others, there remains a gap in systematically organized information for polyoxometalates. This paper introduces a carefully curated dataset of 1984 polyoxometalate (POM) and related cluster metal oxide formula instances, currently connecting over 2500 POM material instances. These POM instances incorporate 75 different chemical elements, with compositions ranging from binary to octonary element clusters. This dataset not only enhances accessibility to polyoxometalate data but also aims to facilitate further research and development in the study of these complex inorganic compounds.

The presented clinical case describes orphan disease known as MAS with manifested symptoms of precocious puberty, recurrent ovarian cysts, fibrous dysplasia, café-au-lait skin pigmentation and abnormal cardiac conduction. The pathogenesis is based on the GNAS gene mutation that cause hyperactivation of glycoprotein hormone receptors and hypersecretion. There are genetic tests that confirm the diagnosis, however, given the high percentage of false negative results, in most cases the disease is diagnosed based on a combination of clinical and laboratory-instrumental data. Given the high clinical variability and absence of management algorithms for patient with this syndrome, the article pinpoints the necessity of thorough examination of patients to select further management tactics. Multidisciplinary approach and collegiate case management will improve diagnosis of the disease and prevent the development of severe complications.

Background. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the staple cereal crops, so it is of great interest to breeders and researchers and requires constant monitoring of existing cultivars, including the development of new ones through classical breeding and modern gene engineering. The key stage in these techniques is successful callusogenesis and organogenesis in target objects. With this in view, the regeneration potential of two spring (‘Saratovskaya 55’ and ‘Sigma’) and three winter (‘Tanya’, ‘Fisht’ and ‘Pamyat’) cultivars of bread wheat was assessed, and optimal conditions were identified for callus induction and organogenesis using mature embryos. Materials and methods. Immature and mature embryos of the five bread wheat cultivars were used in the study. The in vitro morphogenetic potential was evaluated under the impact of abiotic factors: preliminary exposure of grains to cold and use of exogenous hormones (2,4-D in various concentrations). Pretreatment of wheat with cold was carried out as follows: sterilized grains were incubated on the hormonal medium at a temperature of 4 °C for 2 weeks, and then transferred to 26 °C for 4 more weeks. The efficiency of callusogenesis and rhizogenesis was assessed and the numbers of morphogenetic calluses, regenerated and acclimatized plants were calculated. Results and conclusions. The analysis made it possible to identify the bread wheat cultivars ‘Fisht’ and ‘Sigma’ for their high morphogenetic and regenerative potential. It was also shown that exposure to cold can serve as a good stimulating factor for producing a large number of calluses, but regenerants are better induced under normal conditions. The results also depended on the concentration of hormones applied. Universal conditions for morphogenesis and regeneration were not identified.

BACKGROUND: Traumatic peripheral nerve damage is a significant clinical and social problem, which is characterized by a high level of disability in young patients. AIM: To assess the diagnostic efficiency of ultrasound in the diagnosis of peripheral nerve damage in combat trauma. METHODS: A total of 163 patients (362 peripheral nerves) were examined. The duration of traumatic nerve damage was 2273 days. All patients were men aged 2048 years. Ultrasound was performed with 717 MHz linear transducers on an ACUSSON S2000 device using standard technique in B-mode, in longitudinal and transverse scanning planes, with the use of Doppler techniques. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess diagnostic efficiency. Calculation of operational (sensitivity and specificity) and integral (accuracy) characteristics was performed by the qualitative assessment of the reference method (surgical intervention) and the method under study (ultrasound). RESULTS: Peripheral nerve damage resulted from combat trauma. In 120 (73.6%) cases, injuries of the limbs were accompanied by injuries of the osteoarticular apparatus and vessels. A total of 274 (75.7%) nerves had signs of traumatic damage. Multiple nerve injuries were observed in 95 (58.3%) people. Nerves of the upper extremities were damaged more frequently (185 [67.5%]) compared to nerves of the lower extremities (89 [32.5%]). Contusional structural changes were observed in 181 (66%) nerves. Impairment of anatomical integrity was diagnosed in 46 (16.8%) nerves, while complete impairment was found in 29 (10.6%) cases with the presence of diastasis between the nerve ends. Early after injury, a wound canal and hematomas were visualized near the nerve. In 4 cases, a foreign body of metallic density was visualized in the nerve sheath. After 3 weeks from the moment of injury, terminal neuromas were observed. The neuroma sizes for the proximal and distal ends were 0.50.3 to 1.60.6 cm and 0.40.2 to 1.30.6 cm (avascular), respectively. Adjacent sections of the nerve over 35 cm were thickened and characterized by echo structure, however, with thickening of all fasciculi and blood flow observed along the periphery of the nerve. Marginal nerve damage was observed in 17 (6.2%) people. In case of marginal neuroma, a significant nerve thickening of 1.43.2 times over a short distance (from 0.4 cm to 1.5 cm) with loss of bundle differentiation of the part of the nerve, pronounced decrease in echogenicity, and absence of Doppler signal was detected. Nerve compression in 47 cases (17.1%) was accompanied by 1.22.3 times thickening of nerve trunks, indistinct contours, decreased echogenicity, and significant changes in the nerve structure. Compression was due to cicatricial changes, hematomas, foreign bodies, bone fragments, and in 2 cases spokes from external fixation devices. A total of 106 patients underwent surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The ultrasound sensitivity and specificity were 96% and 67%, respectively. The peculiarities of the examination included extensive soft tissue defects and external fixation devices, which significantly complicated the examination. The diagnostic accuracy was 91%. A pronounced cicatricial process (70%) was the main cause of false-positive (6.6%) and false-negative (2.8%) results.

BACKGROUND: The amount of published data related to peripheral nerve blast injuries is limited. AIM: The study was aimed at determining the accuracy and sensitivity and assessing the specificity of ultrasound in the diagnosis of peripheral nerve injuries in mine blast trauma. METHODS: A total of 159 patients (274 peripheral nerves) were examined. Ultrasound was performed according to the standard technique using a HI VISION Avius HITACHI scanner with an EUP-L74M linear transducer (a frequency range of 513 MHz) and a preset musculoskeletal system ultrasound program. The duration of nerve injuries ranged from 2 to 273 days. All patients were men aged 20 to 48 years. Peripheral nerves were damaged as a result of mine blast trauma. Statistical analysis was used to assess sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy. These characteristics were calculated according to the qualitative assessment of surgical intervention, the results of conservative treatment, and the method under study (ultrasound). RESULTS: A total of 274 damaged peripheral nerves were examined. The Group 1 included 93 (34%) nerves that required surgical intervention. In Group 2, consisting of 181 (66%) nerves, conservative treatment was used. Most of the nerves (47 [51%]) in Group 1 were damaged due to the compression effects of scarring in the surrounding tissues. Seventeen (18%) partial violations of the anatomical integrity of nerves with the formation of intramural and marginal neuromas were detected. Multiple and single nerve injuries were observed in 95 (59.7%) and 64 people (40.3%), respectively. Peripheral nerves of the upper extremities were damaged more frequently (185 [67.5%]), whereas nerves of the lower extremities were damaged in 89 (32.5%) cases. Ultrasound showed an increase in the cross-sectional area of nerves, blurred contours, decreased echogenicity, and changes in the bundle structure up to the complete absence of differentiation of individual fascioculi. The formation of neuromas was observed in complete and partial nerve ruptures. All 93 nerves in Group 1 underwent surgical intervention, particularly, external neurolysis (32 [34%]), internal neurolysis (15 [16%]), nerve suture (15 [16%]), excision of neuroma followed by microsurgical epineural suture (18 [19%]), and autoneural plasty (11 [12%]). In 2 (3%) cases, a decision was made to abstain from plasty and perform a tendon transposition due to a pronounced diastasis. All patients of Group 2 were shown to have a wait-and-see approach, and conservative therapy was prescribed. In 179 (99%) cases, complete recovery of sensory and motor activity was observed within 21 days. In 2 (1%) patients, a repeated ultrasound was performed due to no effect of treatment. Compression by scar tissues was revealed, and surgical intervention was made. CONCLUSIONS: In mine-explosive impact, ultrasound is the leading method for diagnosing peripheral nerve injuries. Ultrasound with sensitivity of 97.8% and specificity of 98.8% reveals lesions for which surgical treatment is indicated. The diagnostic accuracy is 98.5%.

Objective: to form and reveal the four research approaches to the study and management of creative industries; to systematize the material within the research area and object.Methods: analysis, synthesis, classification.Results: the rapid development of creative industries has become one of the key trends in entrepreneurship in recent years. To understand this phenomenon, the article explores the concept and features of creative industries in the digital economy. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the stages of the evolution of the creative industries development and formation on a global scale are determined. Four approaches to the study of creative industries are formulated: as a set of economic activities; as a set of high-tech industries and services; as platforms for the creation of intellectual property objects; through the prism of a specific type of economic activity. Each of the four approaches has its own tools for the development, study and management of creative industries.Scientific novelty: to clarify the existing approaches in the study of creative industries; to form a list of approaches to the study and management of creative industries in the digital economy; to form tools for the management and development of creative industries in the digital economy based on the formed approaches.Practical significance: the results obtained may contribute to: (a) developing further research on the essence of creative industries in the digital economy based on the formulated four approaches to research and management of creative industries; (b) scaling up the positive experience of using the tools obtained in a certain creative industry to other creative industries, and (c) developing universal and specialized methods for creating intellectual property objects in creative industries, activating innovative, creative, intellectual activity in organizations of creative industries in the digital economy.

The article examines the reasons for the formation of vertical hydrochemical inversion within particular oil and gas basins and points out the role of waters of different genesis in the development of this phenomenon. The following processes of reverse hydrochemical zoning in the sedimentary cover are analyzed: thickening of heavy clay strata and the related squeezing of loosely bound waters, dehydration of clay minerals and catagenic fluid generation accompanying the transformation of organic matter into hydrocarbons of the petroleum series. The hydrochemical inversion at great depths is noted to occur and persist in the environment of the passive hydrodynamic regime; in closed water-drive systems, the demineralization of waters with depth causes the decrease in the hydrodynamic potential gradient, determining the migration pattern not only of water but also of hydrocarbons and, consequently, the location of oil and gas accumulation zones.

This article delves into the transformative world of 5G technology, elucidating its foundational principles, technological advancements, and the global momentum behind its deployment. With an emphasis on the revolutionary capabilities of 5G, from unprecedented speeds and ultra-low latency to enhanced network efficiency, the article explores the myriad ways in which this next-generation technology is reshaping telecommunications and catalyzing innovations across diverse sectors such as autonomous transportation, smart cities, healthcare, and industrial automation. Highlighting case studies from pioneering regions like South Korea and China, the article showcases the real-world implementations and tangible benefits of 5G, underscoring its role in driving technological advancements and improving user experiences. Furthermore, insights from research projects like 5G-MoNArch and 5G-PICTURE provide a deeper understanding of 5G’s potential to revolutionize multimedia and entertainment, along with critical communication systems. The article also addresses the challenges and considerations inherent in the widespread adoption of 5G, including infrastructure upgrades, coverage expansion, security concerns, and the need for adaptive regulatory frameworks. Through an examination of these challenges, it emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts among industry stakeholders, policymakers, and the international community to navigate the complexities of 5G deployment successfully. Concluding with a forward-looking perspective, the article posits 5G as a pivotal driver of future innovations, highlighting its potential to not only enhance connectivity but also to fundamentally alter the economic, industrial, and societal landscapes.

The article discusses the issues of making effective decisions about investing in commercial accounts and currencies. In order to know how much these solutions will be beneficial in the long term, specialized information is needed: data on the dynamics of growth, decline in the value of accounts and currencies, analytical information. But there is no single source where this data will be accumulated, systematized and stored. Purpose – create a tool for collecting and storing the parameters of investment accounts for their subsequent analysis in order to make an effective investment decision. Method or methodology of work: the article discusses a method that can implement a tool for collecting specialized information of investment accounts, two tools can be used for this: Postgresql databases and Python programming language Result: a tool has been developed that performs the function of collecting and storing information on investment accounts. Scope of the results: the data obtained, which are stored in the database, should be used to identify high-yield accounts for subsequent investment.

The relevance of the study is caused by the need to conduct and interpret hydrodynamic studies of wells, in particular, interference testing, for the design of field development. Interference test allows clarifying the features of the formation structure, the presence or absence of a hydrodynamic relation between wells, as well as increasing the accuracy of determining the filtration characteristics of the formation. The main aim of the research is using the results of well test analysis identify the mode of operation of the disturbing wells, which makes it possible to identify the signal in the reacting well without shutting it down, and calculate the filtration characteristics of the formation. Objects: YuS2 formation of the Vishnevskoe field. Methods: interference design in the Kappa-Workstation (module Saphir) software package; field research on the possibility of determining the pressure pulse in the reacting wells; interpretation of the results of well test in the Kappa software package. Results. The paper introduces the results of hydrodynamic studies of wells in two regions of the YuS2 formation of the Vishnevskoe oil field by well testing. The influence of various factors on the quality of studies is considered, the permeability, piezo- and hydraulic conductivity in the area of reacting wells are calculated. In the first region of the formation, an injection well was used as a disturbing well. During the study, two cycles of shutdown and subsequent start-up of the injection well were implemented. As a result of the interpretation of the studies, the filtration characteristics of the reservoir were calculated, the values of which are consistent with the data of petrophysical studies. For the second of the considered regions, modeling was performed in order to determine the possibility of implementing well test study without stopping the reacting well. Based on the simulation results of the well survey, it was concluded that to determine the effect of injection (disturbing) wells on production (reacting) wells, shutdown of the reacting wells is not required. In this case, it is necessary to stop only disturbing wells. Three disturbing and one reacting wells were involved in this well test. The results of the studies made it possible to identify the mode of operation of the disturbing wells, which makes it possible to identify the signal in the reacting well without shutting it down. An interpretation of the studies was made, based on the results of which the filtration parameters of the reservoir were calculated.

Background. Nodular goitre is the commonest pathology of thyroid gland. According to published evidence, the endemic prevalence of iodine deficiency varies within 19–76 % population. The high rates and lack of symptoms at progressive nodules growth warrant the development of effective organ-preserving treatments. Imaging techniques for local precision targeting of individual lesions enable maximum-preserving interventions at thyroid tissue. Today’s world experience of percutaneous ethanol sclerotherapy and radiofrequency ablation is adequate. However, there exist no clear indications for sclerotherapy and radiofrequency ablation, and their consecutive use has not been assessed.Materials and methods. We analyse minimally invasive organ-preserving treatments of benign thyroid nodules (ethanol sclerotherapy, RFA) in 63 patients at the outpatient and general surgery units of BSMU Clinic and MEGI Medical Centre, Ufa, during February 2019 — December 2020.Results and discussion. Ethanol sclerotherapy was highly effective in 46.5 % patients, as evident from discontinued nodule’s blood supply in CDI and B-mode ultrasound, which remained stable in 10.5 % and restored after 3–4 weeks in 25 % patients. Sclerotherapy in colloid goitre was efficient only in 37.5 % patients. Ethanol sclerotherapy was RFA-followed in 25.4 % patients. RFA was favoured at a low-effective sclerotherapy providing for a weak positive dynamics of nodule size, local parietal blood flow preservation and intranodular vessels recanalisation at re-examination.Conclusion. Sclerotherapy was high-effective in cystic nodules. Radiofrequency ablation can be considered most adequate for treating solid nodules. RFA-followed sclerotherapy is a rational choice in treatment of large cystic nodules (>5 cm3 ).

Vaginal lubricants are commonly used to aid sexual pleasure and/or to help combat vaginal dryness and dyspareunia. Several studies have reported their impact on sperm function, however there are no published guidelines to help healthcare professionals and couples select a vaginal lubricant that is 'sperm-safe'. To address this, we conducted a literature search using both PubMed and Scopus to identify and appraise manuscripts that reported the impact of lubricants on sperm function. We did not restrict the literature search by year of publication, and we only included manuscripts that looked at the impact of vaginal lubricants on human sperm. The quality of the eligible studies was assessed using the Björndahl et al., (2016) checklist for semen analysis, as most of the studies reported the findings of a basic semen analysis. A total of 24 articles were eligible for analysis with a total of 35 vaginal lubricants (that were available to buy over the counter) being included, 2 of which studied the effect of vaginal lubricants on sperm function in vivo, and 22 being conducted in vitro. KY Jelly, PreSeed and Astroglide were most studied, with most manuscripts focussing on their impact on sperm motility. A paucity of data on most lubricants combined with methodological variations between studies and limited/no reporting on pregnancy outcomes means greater efforts are required before an evidence-based guideline can be published. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reticular and cluster materials often feature complex formulas, making a comprehensive overview challenging due to the need to consult various resources. While datasets have been collected for metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and zeolites, among others, there remains a gap in systematically organized information for polyoxometalates. This paper introduces a carefully curated dataset of 1984 polyoxometalate (POM) and related cluster metal oxide formula instances, currently connecting over 2500 POM material instances. These POM instances incorporate 75 different chemical elements, with compositions ranging from binary to octonary element clusters. This dataset not only enhances accessibility to polyoxometalate data but also aims to facilitate further research and development in the study of these complex inorganic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. Assessment the arteries' stiffness parameters and subendocardial viability ratio in hypertensive patients with various degrees of severity of the atherosclerotic process manifestation.Material and methods. 133 hypertensive patients were divided into 3 groups, similar in age and sex, depending on the severity of the atherosclerotic process: hypertensive patients without atherosclerosis (n=42; 53.3±7.6 years); patients with hypertension and subclinical atherosclerosis (SА) (n=52; 56.5±8.0 years); patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease (CAD) (n=39; 57.4±6.8years) and control group which consisted of individuals without cardiovascular diseases (n=33; 54.6±8.4 years). All participants underwent 24-hour blood pressure monitoring with assessment of arterial stiffness parameters and subendocardial viability ratio (SERV).Results. Subjects from all groups with hypertension have significantly higher mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) (131.1±11.9, 127.8±14.8, 128.6±15.3 respectively; p

The title polyoxometalate-based organic–inorganic hybrid compound, [Na6(C3H10NO2)4][W12O40(OH)2]·10H2O, consists of a di-μ3-hydroxido-tetra-μ3-oxido-octadeca-μ-oxido-octadecaoxidododecatungstate (paradodecatungstate B) anion, [W12O40(OH)2]10–, and six sodium cations coordinated by the oxygen ions of the polyanions, serinol ligands protonated at the N atom, and water molecules. The centrosymmetric paratungstate B anion shows characteristic features in terms of bond lengths and angles. The three-dimensional framework structure is established by bonding of the sodium cations with oxygen ions of the paratungstate B anions and a network consisting of N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds of medium strength between the protonated serinol cations, water molecules and the paratungstate B anions. The title compound was also characterized by means of elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis.

The past decade has seen significant advances in our understanding of skeletal homeostasis and the mechanisms that mediate the loss of bone integrity in disease. Recent breakthroughs have arisen mainly from identifying disease-causing mutations and modeling human bone disease in rodents, in essence, highlighting the integrative nature of skeletal physiology. It has become increasingly clear that bone cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, communicate and regulate the fate of each other through RANK/RANKL/OPG, liver X receptors (LXRs), EphirinB2-EphB4 signaling, sphingolipids, and other membrane-associated proteins, such as semaphorins. Mounting evidence also showed that critical developmental pathways, namely, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), NOTCH, and WNT, interact each other and play an important role in postnatal bone remodeling. The skeleton communicates not only with closely situated organs, such as bone marrow, muscle, and fat, but also with remote vital organs, such as the kidney, liver, and brain. The metabolic effect of bone-derived osteocalcin highlights a possible role of skeleton in energy homeostasis. Furthermore, studies using genetically modified rodent models disrupting the reciprocal relationship with tropic pituitary hormone and effector hormone have unraveled an independent role of pituitary hormone in skeletal remodeling beyond the role of regulating target endocrine glands. The cytokine-mediated skeletal actions and the evidence of local production of certain pituitary hormones by bone marrow-derived cells displays a unique endocrine-immune-skeletal connection. Here, we discuss recently elucidated mechanisms controlling the remodeling of bone, communication of bone cells with cells of other lineages, crosstalk between bone and vital organs, as well as opportunities for treating diseases of the skeleton.

Coronary revascularization is one of the most studied types of interventions in cardiology, but there is no consensus among specialists about the indications for its implementation in patients with chronic coronary syndromes (CCS). The data of recently completed clinical trials on the role of revascularization in CCS clearly contradict the current Guidelines, emphasizing the high effectiveness of modern conservative therapy. This paper discusses the main recommendations of the most significant American and European Guidelines on myocardial revascularization, and also analyzes the appropriateness of revascularization to improve the prognosis and symptoms in chronic coronary syndromes in view of the new research data, primarily the ISCHEMIA study (NCT01471522). Its strengths and limitations are discussed in detail. The data on the expediency of revacularization in CCS, obtained after the completion of ISCHEMIA and its potential significance, as well as subgroup analyses of ISCHEMIA, including in the most important ‘problem’ subgroups (3-vessel disease, proximal LAD disease, severe ischemia on stress test, etc.) are discussed. The paper also discusses the important achievements in modern drug therapy of chronic coronary syndromes, primarily antithrombotic therapy. The data of the COMPASS study (NCT01776424) are discussed, based on which the addition of a second antithrombotic drug – rivaroxaban in a small dose (2.5 mg BID) – is recommended for patients with CCS without atrial fibrillation who have high-risk characteristics. Indications the administration of dual antithrombotic therapy to patients with CCS, comparative results of its various regimens in relation to the prevention of cardiovascular complications, the risk of bleeding and the net clinical effect are given.