46 results on '"Guido, Roberto"'
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2. PERUBAHAN TUTUPAN LAHAN MANGROVE DAN GARIS PANTAI MENGGUNAKAN CITRA MULTI SPEKTRAL DI TALIBURA, KABUPATEN SIKKA
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Guido Roberto Jerun Parera, Vincentius P. Siregar, and Syamsul Bahri Agus
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dsas ,klasifikasi ,landsat ,mangrove ,Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling ,SH1-691 - Abstract
Degradasi lahan mangrove menyebabkan perubahan pada garis pantai. Wilayah pesisir Kecamatan Talibura, Kabupaten Sikka merupakan salah satu wilayah yang memiliki ekosistem mangrove. Keberadaan penduduk di wilayah ini, menyebabkan adanya interaksi antara penduduk dengan ekosistem mangrove sehingga terjadinya degradasi pada ekosistem mangrove. Pada wilayah pesisir Kecamatan Talibura, belum ada sama sekali penelitian yang menunjukkan perubahan tutupan lahan mangrove dan garis pantai selama 30 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan tutupan lahan mangrove dan garis pantai pada tahun 1990-2019 di Kecamatan Talibura. Tutupan lahan mangrove diperoleh menggunakan metode Supervised Classification dan untuk mengetahui perubahan garis pantai digunakan metode DSAS yang menghitung statistik laju perubahan garis pantai dari data citra landsat perekaman tahun 1990, 2004, dan 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya degradasi mangrove 60,84 ha periode waktu 1990-2004 dan mengalami penambahan 2,43 ha, yang dapat terlihat adanya abrasi di daerah degradasi mangrove dengan nilai tertinggi -487,54 m dan nilai akresi tertinggi 307,45 m di daerah yang masih terjaga ekosistem mangrovenya selama 30 tahun.
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- 2024
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3. Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage: learning notes from clinical practice and literature review
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Maria Elena Aloini, Sara Manella, Irene Biondo, Roberta Maggio, Guido Roberto, Francesca Ricci, Pina Lardo, Paola Addario Chieco, and Antonio Stigliano
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bilateral adrenal hemorrhage ,adrenal insufficiency ,abdominal sepsis ,acute abdomen ,orthopedic surgery ,antiphospholipid syndrome ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
Adrenal hemorrhage is a rare, but important, diagnosis to recognize, in particular when there is involvement of both adrenal glands. Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage can in fact lead to adrenal insufficiency, with dramatic consequences if not promptly recognized and treated. It is normally caused by systemic conditions that lead to the vasoconstriction and thrombosis of the adrenal vein. Oftentimes, the clinical diagnosis of this condition can be very challenging, as its signs and symptoms are generalized and nonspecific (abdominal pain, nausea, and fatigue). Here, we present the cases of two patients admitted to the Emergency Department in 2016 and 2022 with acute abdominal pain, having recently undergone surgery and subsequently prescribed low-molecular-weight heparin. In both cases, laboratory results revealed neutrophilic leukocytosis and an unexplained anemia. Due to the persistence of abdominal pain despite medication, a CT scan was performed, showing an enlargement of both adrenal glands suggestive of bilateral adrenal hemorrhage. Adrenal function was tested that correlated with a diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency, and both patients were promptly treated with parenteral hydrocortisone as a result. On 5 years’ follow-up from the acute event, the second patient’s adrenal function had returned to normal, and he has not needed further adrenal replacement therapy; the first patient however demonstrated persistence of adrenal failure requiring replacement therapy. In this paper, through our experience and a literature analysis, we will aim to outline some clues to identify patients at potential risk of bilateral adrenal hemorrhage.
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- 2023
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4. Ferroelectric Al0.85Sc0.15N and Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Domain Switching Dynamics.
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Guido, Roberto, Wang, Xuetao, Xu, Bohan, Alcala, Ruben, Mikolajick, Thomas, Schroeder, Uwe, and Lomenzo, Patrick D.
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- 2024
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5. Kinetics of N‐ to M‐Polar Switching in Ferroelectric Al1−xScxN Capacitors
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Guido, Roberto, primary, Lu, Haidong, additional, Lomenzo, Patrick D., additional, Mikolajick, Thomas, additional, Gruverman, Alexei, additional, and Schroeder, Uwe, additional
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- 2024
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6. PERUBAHAN TUTUPAN LAHAN MANGROVE DAN GARIS PANTAI MENGGUNAKAN CITRA MULTI SPEKTRAL DI TALIBURA, KABUPATEN SIKKA
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Parera, Guido Roberto Jerun, primary, Siregar, Vincentius P., additional, and Agus, Syamsul Bahri, additional
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- 2024
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7. Ferroelectric Al0.85Sc0.15N and Hf0.5Zr0.5O2Domain Switching Dynamics
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Guido, Roberto, Wang, Xuetao, Xu, Bohan, Alcala, Ruben, Mikolajick, Thomas, Schroeder, Uwe, and Lomenzo, Patrick D.
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The capability to reliably program partial polarization states with nanosecond programming speed and femtojoule energies per bit in ferroelectrics makes them an ideal candidate to realize multibit memory elements for high-density crossbar arrays, which could enable neural network models with a large number of parameters at the edge. However, a thorough understanding of the domain switching dynamics involved in the polarization reversal is required to achieve full control of the multibit capability. Transient current integration measurements are adopted to investigate the domain dynamics in aluminum scandium nitride (Al0.85Sc0.15N) and hafnium zirconium oxide (Hf0.5Zr0.5O2). The switching dynamics are correlated to the crystal structure of the films. The contributions of domain nucleation and domain wall motion are decoupled by analyzing the rate of change of the time-dependent normalized switched polarization. Thermally activated creep domain wall motion characterizes the Al0.85Sc0.15N switching dynamics. The statistics of independently nucleating domains and the domain wall creep motion in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2are associated with the spatially inhomogeneous distribution of local switching field due to polymorphism, absence of preferential crystallite orientation, as well as defects and charges that can be located at the grain boundaries. The c-axis texture, single-phase nature, and strong likelihood of less fabrication process-induced defects contribute to the homogeneity of the local switching field in Al0.85Sc0.15N. Nonetheless, defects generated and redistributed upon bipolar electric field switching cycling result in Al0.85Sc0.15N domain wall pinning. The wake-up effect in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2is explained thorough the continuous addition of switchable regions associated with two independent distributions of characteristic switching times.
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- 2024
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8. Long walk to genomics: History and current approaches to genome sequencing and assembly
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Giani, Alice Maria, Gallo, Guido Roberto, Gianfranceschi, Luca, and Formenti, Giulio
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- 2020
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9. Long walk to genomics: History and current approaches to genome sequencing and assembly
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Alice Maria Giani, Guido Roberto Gallo, Luca Gianfranceschi, and Giulio Formenti
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Genome assembly ,Sequencing ,Reference ,Bioinformatics ,Next-generation ,Third-generation ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Genomes represent the starting point of genetic studies. Since the discovery of DNA structure, scientists have devoted great efforts to determine their sequence in an exact way. In this review we provide a comprehensive historical background of the improvements in DNA sequencing technologies that have accompanied the major milestones in genome sequencing and assembly, ranging from early sequencing methods to Next-Generation Sequencing platforms. We then focus on the advantages and challenges of the current technologies and approaches, collectively known as Third Generation Sequencing. As these technical advancements have been accompanied by progress in analytical methods, we also review the bioinformatic tools currently employed in de novo genome assembly, as well as some applications of Third Generation Sequencing technologies and high-quality reference genomes.
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- 2020
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10. The genome sequence of the European nightjar, Caprimulgus europaeus (Linnaeus, 1758) [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]
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Roberto Ambrosini, Manuela Caprioli, Sara Riello, Fernando Spina, Simona Secomandi, Guido Roberto Gallo, and Giulio Formenti
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Caprimulgus europaeus ,European nightjar ,Eurasian nightjar ,genome sequence ,chromosomal ,eng ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
We present a genome assembly from an individual female Caprimulgus europaeus (the European nightjar; Chordata; Aves; Caprimulgiformes; Caprimulgidae). The genome sequence is 1,178 megabases in span. The majority of the assembly (99.33%) is scaffolded into 37 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the W and Z sex chromosomes.
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- 2021
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11. Kinetics of N‐ to M‐Polar Switching in Ferroelectric Al1−xScxN Capacitors.
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Guido, Roberto, Lu, Haidong, Lomenzo, Patrick D., Mikolajick, Thomas, Gruverman, Alexei, and Schroeder, Uwe
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FERROELECTRIC capacitors , *PIEZORESPONSE force microscopy , *RATE of nucleation , *LEAD titanate , *BARIUM titanate , *ELECTRIC fields - Abstract
Ferroelectric wurtzite‐type aluminum scandium nitride (Al1−xScxN) presents unique properties that can enhance the performance of non‐volatile memory technologies. The realization of the full potential of Al1−xScxN requires a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of polarization reversal and domain structure dynamics involved in the ferroelectric switching process. In this work, transient current integration measurements performed by a pulse switching method are combined with domain imaging by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) to investigate the kinetics of domain nucleation and wall motion during polarization reversal in Al0.85Sc0.15N capacitors. In the studied electric field range (from 4.4 to 5.6 MV cm−1), ferroelectric switching proceeds via domain nucleation and wall movement. The currently available phenomenological models are shown to not fully capture all the details of the complex dynamics of polarization reversal in Al0.85Sc0.15N. PFM reveals a non‐linear increase of both domain nucleation rate and lateral wall velocity during the switching process, as well as the dependency of the domain pattern on the polarization reversal direction. A continuously faster N‐ to M‐polar switching upon cycling is reported and ascribed to an increasing number of M‐polar nucleation sites and density of domain walls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Role of Defects in the Breakdown Phenomenon of Al1–xScxN: From Ferroelectric to Filamentary Resistive Switching
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Guido, Roberto, primary, Mikolajick, Thomas, additional, Schroeder, Uwe, additional, and Lomenzo, Patrick D., additional
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- 2023
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13. Scalable, accessible, and reproducible reference genome assembly and evaluation in Galaxy
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Larivière, Delphine, primary, Abueg, Linelle, additional, Brajuka, Nadolina, additional, Gallardo-Alba, Cristóbal, additional, Grüning, Bjorn, additional, Ko, Byung June, additional, Ostrovsky, Alex, additional, Palmada-Flores, Marc, additional, Pickett, Brandon D., additional, Rabbani, Keon, additional, Balacco, Jennifer R., additional, Chaisson, Mark, additional, Cheng, Haoyu, additional, Collins, Joanna, additional, Denisova, Alexandra, additional, Fedrigo, Olivier, additional, Gallo, Guido Roberto, additional, Giani, Alice Maria, additional, Gooder, Grenville MacDonald, additional, Jain, Nivesh, additional, Johnson, Cassidy, additional, Kim, Heebal, additional, Lee, Chul, additional, Marques-Bonet, Tomas, additional, O’Toole, Brian, additional, Rhie, Arang, additional, Secomandi, Simona, additional, Sozzoni, Marcella, additional, Tilley, Tatiana, additional, Uliano-Silva, Marcela, additional, van den Beek, Marius, additional, Waterhouse, Robert M., additional, Phillippy, Adam M., additional, Jarvis, Erich D., additional, Schatz, Michael C., additional, Nekrutenko, Anton, additional, and Formenti, Giulio, additional
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- 2023
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14. Discovery of Nanoscale Electric Field‐Induced Phase Transitions in ZrO2
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Lomenzo, Patrick D., primary, Collins, Liam, additional, Ganser, Richard, additional, Xu, Bohan, additional, Guido, Roberto, additional, Gruverman, Alexei, additional, Kersch, Alfred, additional, Mikolajick, Thomas, additional, and Schroeder, Uwe, additional
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- 2023
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15. Haspin regulates Ras localization to promote Cdc24-driven mitotic depolarization
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Quadri, Roberto, Galli, Martina, Galati, Elena, Rotondo, Giuseppe, Gallo, Guido Roberto, Panigada, Davide, Plevani, Paolo, and Muzi-Falconi, Marco
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- 2020
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16. Phosphorylation of H3-Thr3 by Haspin Is Required for Primary Cilia Regulation
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Roberto Quadri, Sarah Sertic, Anna Ghilardi, Diego Rondelli, Guido Roberto Gallo, Luca Del Giacco, and Marco Muzi-Falconi
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Haspin ,primary cilia ,Dido3 ,HDAC6 ,ciliopathy ,H3T3 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Primary cilia are commonly found on most quiescent, terminally differentiated cells and play a major role in the regulation of the cell cycle, cell motility, sensing, and cell–cell communication. Alterations in ciliogenesis and cilia maintenance are causative of several human diseases, collectively known as ciliopathies. A key determinant of primary cilia is the histone deacetylase HDAC6, which regulates their length and resorption and whose distribution is regulated by the death inducer-obliterator 3 (Dido3). Here, we report that the atypical protein kinase Haspin is a key regulator of cilia dynamics. Cells defective in Haspin activity exhibit longer primary cilia and a strong delay in cilia resorption upon cell cycle reentry. We show that Haspin is active in quiescent cells, where it phosphorylates threonine 3 of histone H3, a known mitotic Haspin substrate. Forcing Dido3 detachment from the chromatin prevents Haspin inhibition from impacting cilia dynamics, suggesting that Haspin activity is required for the relocalization of Dido3–HDAC6 to the basal body. Exploiting the zebrafish model, we confirmed the physiological relevance of this mechanism. Our observations shed light on a novel player, Haspin, in the mechanisms that govern the determination of cilia length and the homeostasis of mature cilia.
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- 2021
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17. Genomics-driven breeding for local adaptation of durum wheat is enhanced by farmers’ traditional knowledge
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Gesesse, Cherinet Alem, primary, Nigir, Bogale, additional, de Sousa, Kauê, additional, Gianfranceschi, Luca, additional, Gallo, Guido Roberto, additional, Poland, Jesse, additional, Kidane, Yosef Gebrehawaryat, additional, Abate Desta, Ermias, additional, Fadda, Carlo, additional, Pè, Mario Enrico, additional, and Dell’Acqua, Matteo, additional
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- 2023
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18. Discovery of Nanoscale Electric Field-Induced Phase Transitions in ZrO2
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Lomenzo, Patrick D., Collins, Liam, Ganser, Richard, Xu, Bohan, Guido, Roberto, Gruverman, Alexei, Kersch, Alfred, Mikolajick, Thomas, Schroeder, Mikolajick, Lomenzo, Patrick D., Collins, Liam, Ganser, Richard, Xu, Bohan, Guido, Roberto, Gruverman, Alexei, Kersch, Alfred, Mikolajick, Thomas, and Schroeder, Mikolajick
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The emergence of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric properties in the semiconductor industry’s most prominent high-k dielectrics, HfO2 and ZrO2, is leading to technology developments unanticipated a decade ago. Yet the failure to clearly distinguish ferroelectric from antiferroelectric behavior is impeding progress. Band-excitation piezoresponse force microscopy and molecular dynamics are used to elucidate the nanoscale electric field-induced phase transitions present in ZrO2-based antiferroelectrics. Antiferroelectric ZrO2 is clearly distinguished from a closely resembling pinched La-doped HfO2 ferroelectric. Crystalline grains in the range of 3 – 20 nm are imaged independently undergoing reversible electric field induced phase transitions. The electrically accessible nanoscale phase transitions discovered in this study open up an unprecedented paradigm for the development of new nanoelectronic devices.
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- 2023
19. Genomics-driven breeding for local adaptation of durum wheat is enhanced by farmers’ traditional knowledge
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Cherinet Alem Gesesse, Bogale Nigir, Kauê de Sousa, Luca Gianfranceschi, Guido Roberto Gallo, Jesse Poland, Yosef Gebrehawaryat Kidane, Ermias Abate Desta, Carlo Fadda, Mario Enrico Pè, and Matteo Dell’Acqua
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Multidisciplinary - Abstract
In the smallholder, low-input farming systems widespread in sub-Saharan Africa, farmers select and propagate crop varieties based on their traditional knowledge and experience. A data-driven integration of their knowledge into breeding pipelines may support the sustainable intensification of local farming. Here, we combine genomics with participatory research to tap into traditional knowledge in smallholder farming systems, using durum wheat ( Triticum durum Desf.) in Ethiopia as a case study. We developed and genotyped a large multiparental population, called the Ethiopian NAM (EtNAM), that recombines an elite international breeding line with Ethiopian traditional varieties maintained by local farmers. A total of 1,200 EtNAM lines were evaluated for agronomic performance and farmers’ appreciation in three locations in Ethiopia, finding that women and men farmers could skillfully identify the worth of wheat genotypes and their potential for local adaptation. We then trained a genomic selection (GS) model using farmer appreciation scores and found that its prediction accuracy over grain yield (GY) was higher than that of a benchmark GS model trained on GY. Finally, we used forward genetics approaches to identify marker–trait associations for agronomic traits and farmer appreciation scores. We produced genetic maps for individual EtNAM families and used them to support the characterization of genomic loci of breeding relevance with pleiotropic effects on phenology, yield, and farmer preference. Our data show that farmers’ traditional knowledge can be integrated in genomics-driven breeding to support the selection of best allelic combinations for local adaptation.
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- 2023
20. Discovery of Nanoscale Electric Field‐Induced Phase Transitions in ZrO2.
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Lomenzo, Patrick D., Collins, Liam, Ganser, Richard, Xu, Bohan, Guido, Roberto, Gruverman, Alexei, Kersch, Alfred, Mikolajick, Thomas, and Schroeder, Uwe
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PHASE transitions ,PIEZORESPONSE force microscopy ,REAL estate business ,SEMICONDUCTOR industry ,MOLECULAR dynamics - Abstract
The emergence of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric properties in the semiconductor industry's most prominent high‐k dielectrics, HfO2 and ZrO2, is leading to technology developments unanticipated a decade ago. Yet the failure to clearly distinguish ferroelectric from antiferroelectric behavior is impeding progress. Band‐excitation piezoresponse force microscopy and molecular dynamics are used to elucidate the nanoscale electric field‐induced phase transitions present in ZrO2‐based antiferroelectrics. Antiferroelectric ZrO2 is clearly distinguished from a closely resembling pinched La‐doped HfO2 ferroelectric. Crystalline grains in the range of 3 – 20 nm are imaged independently undergoing reversible electric field induced phase transitions. The electrically accessible nanoscale phase transitions discovered in this study open up an unprecedented paradigm for the development of new nanoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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21. Role of Defects in the Breakdown Phenomenon of Al1–xScxN: From Ferroelectric to Filamentary Resistive Switching.
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Guido, Roberto, Mikolajick, Thomas, Schroeder, Uwe, and Lomenzo, Patrick D.
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- 2023
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22. Thermal Stability of the Ferroelectric Properties in 100 nm-Thick Al0.72Sc0.28N
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Guido, Roberto, primary, Lomenzo, Patrick D., additional, Islam, Md Redwanul, additional, Wolff, Niklas, additional, Gremmel, Maike, additional, Schönweger, Georg, additional, Kohlstedt, Hermann, additional, Kienle, Lorenz, additional, Mikolajick, Thomas, additional, Fichtner, Simon, additional, and Schroeder, Uwe, additional
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- 2023
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23. The Mitogenome Relationships and Phylogeography of Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica)
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Gianluca Lombardo, Nicola Rambaldi Migliore, Giulia Colombo, Marco Rosario Capodiferro, Giulio Formenti, Manuela Caprioli, Elisabetta Moroni, Leonardo Caporali, Hovirag Lancioni, Simona Secomandi, Guido Roberto Gallo, Alessandra Costanzo, Andrea Romano, Maria Garofalo, Cristina Cereda, Valerio Carelli, Lauren Gillespie, Yang Liu, Yosef Kiat, Alfonso Marzal, Cosme López-Calderón, Javier Balbontín, Timothy A. Mousseau, Piotr Matyjasiak, Anders Pape Møller, Ornella Semino, Roberto Ambrosini, Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati, Diego Rubolini, Luca Ferretti, Alessandro Achilli, Luca Gianfranceschi, Anna Olivieri, Antonio Torroni, Lombardo G., Rambaldi Migliore N., Colombo G., Capodiferro M.R., Formenti G., Caprioli M., Moroni E., Caporali L., Lancioni H., Secomandi S., Gallo G.R., Costanzo A., Romano A., Garofalo M., Cereda C., Carelli V., Gillespie L., Liu Y., Kiat Y., Marzal A., Lopez-Calderon C., Balbontin J., Mousseau T.A., Matyjasiak P., Moller A.P., Semino O., Ambrosini R., Bonisoli-Alquati A., Rubolini D., Ferretti L., Achilli A., Gianfranceschi L., Olivieri A., and Torroni A.
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Settore BIO/07 - Ecologia ,haplogroup ,Hirundo rustica subspecie ,Asia ,mitogenome ,Animal ,barn swallow phylogeny ,mitochondrial ,Phylogeography ,Swallows ,Hirundo rustica subspecies ,haplogroups ,Africa ,animals ,female ,humans ,phylogeography ,genome, mitochondrial ,swallows ,Genome, Mitochondrial ,Genetics ,Animals ,Humans ,Female ,genome ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Human - Abstract
The barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) poses a number of fascinating scientific questions, including the taxonomic status of postulated subspecies. Here, we obtained and assessed the sequence variation of 411 complete mitogenomes, mainly from the European H. r. rustica, but other subspecies as well. In almost every case, we observed subspecies-specific haplogroups, which we employed together with estimated radiation times to postulate a model for the geographical and temporal worldwide spread of the species. The female barn swallow carrying the Hirundo rustica ancestral mitogenome left Africa (or its vicinity) around 280 thousand years ago (kya), and her descendants expanded first into Eurasia and then, at least 51 kya, into the Americas, from where a relatively recent (
- Published
- 2022
24. Filamentary TaOx/HfO 2 ReRAM Devices for Neural Networks Training with Analog In‐Memory Computing
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Stecconi, Tommaso, primary, Guido, Roberto, additional, Berchialla, Luca, additional, La Porta, Antonio, additional, Weiss, Jonas, additional, Popoff, Youri, additional, Halter, Mattia, additional, Sousa, Marilyne, additional, Horst, Folkert, additional, Dávila, Diana, additional, Drechsler, Ute, additional, Dittmann, Regina, additional, Offrein, Bert Jan, additional, and Bragaglia, Valeria, additional
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- 2022
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25. The Mitogenome Relationships and Phylogeography of Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica)
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Lombardo, Gianluca, primary, Rambaldi Migliore, Nicola, additional, Colombo, Giulia, additional, Capodiferro, Marco Rosario, additional, Formenti, Giulio, additional, Caprioli, Manuela, additional, Moroni, Elisabetta, additional, Caporali, Leonardo, additional, Lancioni, Hovirag, additional, Secomandi, Simona, additional, Gallo, Guido Roberto, additional, Costanzo, Alessandra, additional, Romano, Andrea, additional, Garofalo, Maria, additional, Cereda, Cristina, additional, Carelli, Valerio, additional, Gillespie, Lauren, additional, Liu, Yang, additional, Kiat, Yosef, additional, Marzal, Alfonso, additional, López-Calderón, Cosme, additional, Balbontín, Javier, additional, Mousseau, Timothy A., additional, Matyjasiak, Piotr, additional, Møller, Anders Pape, additional, Semino, Ornella, additional, Ambrosini, Roberto, additional, Bonisoli-Alquati, Andrea, additional, Rubolini, Diego, additional, Ferretti, Luca, additional, Achilli, Alessandro, additional, Gianfranceschi, Luca, additional, Olivieri, Anna, additional, and Torroni, Antonio, additional
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- 2022
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26. Pangenomics provides insights into the role of synanthropy in barn swallow evolution
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Simona Secomandi, Guido Roberto Gallo, Marcella Sozzoni, Alessio Iannucci, Elena Galati, Linelle Abueg, Jennifer Balacco, Manuela Caprioli, William Chow, Claudio Ciofi, Joanna Collins, Olivier Fedrigo, Luca Ferretti, Arkarachai Fungtammasan, Bettina Haase, Kerstin Howe, Woori Kwak, Gianluca Lombardo, Patrick Masterson, Graziella Messina, Anders Pape Møller, Jacquelyn Mountcastle, Timothy A. Mousseau, Joan Ferrer-Obiol, Anna Olivieri, Arang Rhie, Diego Rubolini, Marielle Saclier, Roscoe Stanyon, David Stucki, Françoise Thibaud-Nissen, James Torrance, Antonio Torroni, Kristina Weber, Roberto Ambrosini, Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati, Erich D. Jarvis, Luca Gianfranceschi, and Giulio Formenti
- Abstract
Insights into the evolution of non-model organisms are often limited by the lack of reference genomes. As part of the Vertebrate Genomes Project, we present a new reference genome and a pangenome produced with High-Fidelity long reads for the barn swallow Hirundo rustica. We then generated a reference-free multialignment with other bird genomes to identify genes under selection. Conservation analyses pointed at genes enriched for transcriptional regulation and neurodevelopment. The most conserved gene is CAMK2N2, with a potential role in fear memory formation. In addition, using all publicly available data, we generated a comprehensive catalogue of genetic markers. Genome-wide linkage disequilibrium scans identified potential selection signatures at multiple loci. The top candidate region comprises several genes and includes BDNF, a gene involved in stress response, fear memory formation, and tameness. We propose that the strict association with humans in this species is linked with the evolution of pathways typically under selection in domesticated taxa.
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- 2022
27. Thermal Stability of the Ferroelectric Properties in 100 nm-Thick Al0.72Sc0.28N.
- Author
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Guido, Roberto, Lomenzo, Patrick D., Islam, Md Redwanul, Wolff, Niklas, Gremmel, Maike, Schönweger, Georg, Kohlstedt, Hermann, Kienle, Lorenz, Mikolajick, Thomas, Fichtner, Simon, and Schroeder, Uwe
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- 2023
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28. Pangenomics provides insights into the role of synanthropy in barn swallow evolution
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Secomandi, Simona, primary, Gallo, Guido Roberto, additional, Sozzoni, Marcella, additional, Iannucci, Alessio, additional, Galati, Elena, additional, Abueg, Linelle, additional, Balacco, Jennifer, additional, Caprioli, Manuela, additional, Chow, William, additional, Ciofi, Claudio, additional, Collins, Joanna, additional, Fedrigo, Olivier, additional, Ferretti, Luca, additional, Fungtammasan, Arkarachai, additional, Haase, Bettina, additional, Howe, Kerstin, additional, Kwak, Woori, additional, Lombardo, Gianluca, additional, Masterson, Patrick, additional, Messina, Graziella, additional, Møller, Anders Pape, additional, Mountcastle, Jacquelyn, additional, Mousseau, Timothy A., additional, Ferrer-Obiol, Joan, additional, Olivieri, Anna, additional, Rhie, Arang, additional, Rubolini, Diego, additional, Saclier, Marielle, additional, Stanyon, Roscoe, additional, Stucki, David, additional, Thibaud-Nissen, Françoise, additional, Torrance, James, additional, Torroni, Antonio, additional, Weber, Kristina, additional, Ambrosini, Roberto, additional, Bonisoli-Alquati, Andrea, additional, Jarvis, Erich D., additional, Gianfranceschi, Luca, additional, and Formenti, Giulio, additional
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- 2022
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29. Haspin regulates Ras localization to promote Cdc24-driven mitotic depolarization
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Paolo Plevani, Roberto Quadri, Guido Roberto Gallo, Elena Galati, G. Rotondo, Martina Galli, Marco Muzi-Falconi, and Davide Panigada
- Subjects
Polarisome ,biology ,Chemistry ,lcsh:Cytology ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,Mitosis ,Depolarization ,Cell Biology ,CDC42 ,GTPase ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,Article ,Spindle apparatus ,Cell biology ,Cell polarity ,Genetics ,lcsh:QH573-671 ,Molecular Biology - Abstract
Cell polarization is of paramount importance for proliferation, differentiation, development, and it is altered during carcinogenesis. Polarization is a reversible process controlled by positive and negative feedback loops. How polarized factors are redistributed is not fully understood and is the focus of this work. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mutants defective in haspin kinase exhibit stably polarized landmarks and are sensitive to mitotic delays. Here, we report a new critical role for haspin in polarisome dispersion; failure to redistribute polarity factors, in turn, leads to nuclear segregation defects and cell lethality. We identified a mitotic role for GTP-Ras in regulating the local activation of the Cdc42 GTPase, resulting in its dispersal from the bud tip to a homogeneous distribution over the plasma membrane. GTP-Ras2 physically interacts with Cdc24 regulateing its mitotic distribution. Haspin is shown to promote a mitotic shift from a bud tip-favored to a homogenous PM fusion of Ras-containing vesicles. In absence of haspin, active Ras is not redistributed from the bud tip; Cdc24 remains hyperpolarized promoting the activity of Cdc42 at the bud tip, and the polarisome fails to disperse leading to erroneously positioned mitotic spindle, defective nuclear segregation, and cell death after mitotic delays. These findings describe new functions for key factors that modulate cell polarization and mitotic events, critical processes involved in development and tumorigenesis.
- Published
- 2020
30. Filamentary TaO$_{x}$/HfO$_{2}$ ReRAM Devices for Neural Networks Training with Analog In-Memory Computing
- Author
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Stecconi, Tommaso, Guido, Roberto, Berchialla, Luca, La Porta, Antonio, Weiss, Jonas, Popoff, Youri, Halter, Mattia, Sousa, Marilyne, Horst, Folkert, Dávila, Diana, Drechsler, Ute, Dittmann, Regina, Offrein, Bert Jan, and Bragaglia, Valeria
- Subjects
621.3 - Abstract
Advanced electronic materials 2200448 (2022). doi:10.1002/aelm.202200448, Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Weinheim
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The genome sequence of the European nightjar
- Author
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Simona, Secomandi, Fernando, Spina, Giulio, Formenti, Guido Roberto, Gallo, Manuela, Caprioli, Roberto, Ambrosini, and Sara, Riello
- Subjects
Caprimulgus europaeus ,genome sequence ,Eurasian nightjar ,European nightjar ,Articles ,Data Note ,chromosomal - Abstract
We present a genome assembly from an individual female Caprimulgus europaeus (the European nightjar; Chordata; Aves; Caprimulgiformes; Caprimulgidae). The genome sequence is 1,178 megabases in span. The majority of the assembly (99.33%) is scaffolded into 37 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the W and Z sex chromosomes.
- Published
- 2021
32. Filamentary TaOx/HfO2 ReRAM Devices for Neural Networks Training with Analog In‐Memory Computing.
- Author
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Stecconi, Tommaso, Guido, Roberto, Berchialla, Luca, La Porta, Antonio, Weiss, Jonas, Popoff, Youri, Halter, Mattia, Sousa, Marilyne, Horst, Folkert, Dávila, Diana, Drechsler, Ute, Dittmann, Regina, Offrein, Bert Jan, and Bragaglia, Valeria
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,TITANIUM nitride ,COMPUTERS - Abstract
The in‐memory computing paradigm aims at overcoming the intrinsic inefficiencies of Von‐Neumann computers by reducing the data‐transport per arithmetic operation. Crossbar arrays of multilevel memristive devices enable efficient calculations of matrix‐vector‐multiplications, an operation extensively called on in artificial intelligence (AI) tasks. Resistive random‐access memories (ReRAMs) are promising candidate devices for such applications. However, they generally exhibit large stochasticity and device‐to‐device variability. The integration of a sub‐stoichiometric metal‐oxide within the ReRAM stack can improve the resistive switching graduality and stochasticity. To this purpose, a conductive TaOx layer is developed and stacked on HfO2 between TiN electrodes, to create a complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor‐compatible ReRAM structure. This device shows accumulative conductance updates in both directions, as required for training neural networks. Moreover, by reducing the TaOx thickness and by increasing its resistivity, the device resistive states increase, as required for reduced power consumption. An electric field‐driven TaOx oxidation/reduction is responsible for the ReRAM switching. To demonstrate the potential of the optimized TaOx/HfO2 devices, the training of a fully‐connected neural network on the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology database dataset is simulated and benchmarked against a full precision digital implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Phosphorylation of H3-Thr3 by Haspin Is Required for Primary Cilia Regulation
- Author
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Quadri, Roberto, primary, Sertic, Sarah, additional, Ghilardi, Anna, additional, Rondelli, Diego, additional, Gallo, Guido Roberto, additional, Del Giacco, Luca, additional, and Muzi-Falconi, Marco, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Mitogenome Relationships and Phylogeography of Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica).
- Author
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Lombardo, Gianluca, Migliore, Nicola Rambaldi, Colombo, Giulia, Capodiferro, Marco Rosario, Formenti, Giulio, Caprioli, Manuela, Moroni, Elisabetta, Caporali, Leonardo, Lancioni, Hovirag, Secomandi, Simona, Gallo, Guido Roberto, Costanzo, Alessandra, Romano, Andrea, Garofalo, Maria, Cereda, Cristina, Carelli, Valerio, Gillespie, Lauren, Liu, Yang, Kiat, Yosef, and Marzal, Alfonso
- Subjects
BARN swallow ,YOUNGER Dryas ,PHYLOGEOGRAPHY ,HAPLOGROUPS ,SUBSPECIES ,SPECIES - Abstract
The barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) poses a number of fascinating scientific questions, including the taxonomic status of postulated subspecies. Here, we obtained and assessed the sequence variation of 411 complete mitogenomes, mainly from the European H. r. rustica , but other subspecies as well. In almost every case, we observed subspecies-specific haplogroups, which we employed together with estimated radiation times to postulate a model for the geographical and temporal worldwide spread of the species. The female barn swallow carrying the Hirundo rustica ancestral mitogenome left Africa (or its vicinity) around 280 thousand years ago (kya), and her descendants expanded first into Eurasia and then, at least 51 kya, into the Americas, from where a relatively recent (<20 kya) back migration to Asia took place. The exception to the haplogroup subspecies specificity is represented by the sedentary Levantine H. r. transitiva that extensively shares haplogroup A with the migratory European H. r. rustica and, to a lesser extent, haplogroup B with the Egyptian H. r. savignii. Our data indicate that rustica and transitiva most likely derive from a sedentary Levantine population source that split at the end of the Younger Dryas (YD) (11.7 kya). Since then, however, transitiva received genetic inputs from and admixed with both the closely related rustica and the adjacent savignii. Demographic analyses confirm this species' strong link with climate fluctuations and human activities making it an excellent indicator for monitoring and assessing the impact of current global changes on wildlife. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Phosphorylation of H3-Thr3 by Haspin Is Required for Primary Cilia Regulation
- Author
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Sarah Sertic, Guido Roberto Gallo, Roberto Quadri, Diego Rondelli, Luca Del Giacco, Anna Ghilardi, and Marco Muzi-Falconi
- Subjects
Threonine ,QH301-705.5 ,Cellular differentiation ,Dido3 ,Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Biology ,Article ,Catalysis ,Histones ,Inorganic Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Histone H3 ,primary cilia ,0302 clinical medicine ,Ciliogenesis ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Basal body ,Cilia ,Phosphorylation ,Biology (General) ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,QD1-999 ,Molecular Biology ,Mitosis ,Cells, Cultured ,Spectroscopy ,030304 developmental biology ,H3T3 ,0303 health sciences ,Haspin ,Cilium ,Cell Cycle ,Organic Chemistry ,Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ,General Medicine ,HDAC6 ,zebrafish ,medicine.disease ,Chromatin ,Computer Science Applications ,Cell biology ,Chemistry ,Ciliopathy ,HEK293 Cells ,ciliopathy ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Primary cilia are commonly found on most quiescent, terminally differentiated cells and play a major role in the regulation of the cell cycle, cell motility, sensing, and cell–cell communication. Alterations in ciliogenesis and cilia maintenance are causative of several human diseases, collectively known as ciliopathies. A key determinant of primary cilia is the histone deacetylase HDAC6, which regulates their length and resorption and whose distribution is regulated by the death inducer-obliterator 3 (Dido3). Here, we report that the atypical protein kinase Haspin is a key regulator of cilia dynamics. Cells defective in Haspin activity exhibit longer primary cilia and a strong delay in cilia resorption upon cell cycle reentry. We show that Haspin is active in quiescent cells, where it phosphorylates threonine 3 of histone H3, a known mitotic Haspin substrate. Forcing Dido3 detachment from the chromatin prevents Haspin inhibition from impacting cilia dynamics, suggesting that Haspin activity is required for the relocalization of Dido3–HDAC6 to the basal body. Exploiting the zebrafish model, we confirmed the physiological relevance of this mechanism. Our observations shed light on a novel player, Haspin, in the mechanisms that govern the determination of cilia length and the homeostasis of mature cilia.
- Published
- 2021
36. Long walk to genomics: History and current approaches to genome sequencing and assembly
- Author
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Alice Maria Giani, Guido Roberto Gallo, Luca Gianfranceschi, and Giulio Formenti
- Subjects
bp, base pair ,QV, Quality Value (QV) ,ZMW, Zero-Mode Waveguide ,Reference ,Bioinformatics ,lcsh:Biotechnology ,Next-generation ,Review Article ,WGS, Whole Genome Sequencing ,HMW, high molecular weight ,TGS, Third Generation Sequencing ,Third-generation ,lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 ,dNTPs, deoxynucleoside triphosphates ,SRA, Short Read Archive ,Sequencing ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS ,HGP, Human Genome Project ,ddNTP, 2,3-dideoxynucleoside triphosphate ,Genome assembly ,SMRT, Single Molecule Real-Time ,BAC, Bacterial Artificial Chromosome ,SV, Structural Variant ,HapMap, haplotype map ,OLC, Overlap-Layout-Consensus ,SNPs, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ,SBS, Sequencing by Synthesis ,NGS, Next Generation Sequencing - Abstract
Graphical abstract, Genomes represent the starting point of genetic studies. Since the discovery of DNA structure, scientists have devoted great efforts to determine their sequence in an exact way. In this review we provide a comprehensive historical background of the improvements in DNA sequencing technologies that have accompanied the major milestones in genome sequencing and assembly, ranging from early sequencing methods to Next-Generation Sequencing platforms. We then focus on the advantages and challenges of the current technologies and approaches, collectively known as Third Generation Sequencing. As these technical advancements have been accompanied by progress in analytical methods, we also review the bioinformatic tools currently employed in de novo genome assembly, as well as some applications of Third Generation Sequencing technologies and high-quality reference genomes.
- Published
- 2019
37. La enseñanza problémica en el logro de las competencias de los cursos de investigación
- Author
-
Villarreal Anticona, Guido Roberto and Delgado Arenas, Raúl
- Subjects
Enseñanza problémica ,Heurística ,Métodos problémicos - Abstract
La presente investigación científica tuvo como objetivo explicar la influencia de la aplicación de La Enseñanza Problémica en el logro de competencias de los cursos de Investigación. Por lo tanto, se aplicó la teoría metodológica de enseñanza-aprendizaje denominada ENSEÑANZA PROBLÉMICA a un nuevo contexto académico; que consistió en la solucionar situaciones problemáticas objetivas y del contexto del alumno a través de la investigación y el uso pertinente de la creatividad, con el propósito que el alumno elabore sus propias concepciones y logre las competencias curriculares planificadas. En la labor de investigación, se aplicó el método científico; asimismo, el tipo de investigación fue explicativa, con un diseño cuasi experimental, la muestra sacada de la población fue determinada por criterios estadísticos, los datos fueron recogidos mediante los instrumentos denominados pre test y pos test que posteriormente fueron procesados estadísticamente para analizar sus resultados. Finalmente en base a los resultados del tratamiento estadístico; los cuales son analizados e interpretados, argumentados a la luz de la teoría científica, sus evidencias condujeron a la conclusión general, que se expresa de la siguiente manera: la aplicación de LA ENSEÑANZA PROBLÈMICA influye positivamente en el logro de las competencias de los cursos de investigación. Por consiguiente, la investigación se puede replicar en otras áreas del saber científico y en diferentes niveles educativos y ámbitos geográficos previa contextualización. Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle. Escuela de Posgrado. Tesis
- Published
- 2017
38. ANALYSIS OF THE IN VIVO FUNCTION OF HASPIN KINASE USING ZEBRAFISH AS A MODEL SYSTEM: KNOCKDOWN AND KNOCKOUT APPROACHES
- Author
-
GALLO, GUIDO ROBERTO CARLO
- Abstract
The Haspin gene encodes an atypical serine/threonine mitotic kinase first discovered in mouse spermatocytes and preferentially expressed in tissues with a high rate of proliferating cells. Haspin acts at metaphase by phosphorylating threonine 3 of histone H3 (H3Thr3PH) and this modification allows the recruitment of the chromosomal passenger complex, a key factor required to orchestrate different steps of mitosis. In human cells, HASPIN depletion causes a decrease in H3Thr3 levels, resulting in premature loss of sister chromatid cohesion and in defects in chromosome alignment at metaphase. Haspin has been found in all eukaryotic organisms; however, up to know, its role during animal embryonic development has never been investigated. We decided to investigate its function and expression during zebrafish embryonic development and, to this aim, we took advantage of a morpholino (MO)-mediated knockdown approach and of the CRISPR-Cas9 knockout strategy. We identified and cloned the zebrafish haspin ortholog, together with a previously unknown splicing isoform, and we clarified its expression pattern during embryogenesis and in some adult tissues. We demonstrated a relevant maternal contribution for the haspin transcript and important levels of zygotic expression in tissues with a high rate of proliferating cells, such as the developing brain and hematopoietic tissues. We also detected haspin transcript in the adult gonads and found that its expression is significantly switched on after injury during adult fin tissue regeneration. Interestingly, after Haspin functional inactivation using two different MOs, a translation blocking (ATG MO) and a splicing one, we demonstrated that Haspin is involved in H3Thr3PH also in zebrafish. Moreover, microinjection of the haspin ATG MO results in high embryo mortality and severe defects during epiboly stages, indicating important alterations in cellular rearrangements and movements. A haspin stable mutant line was generated by using the CRISPR-Cas9 technology: we isolated three different mutant haspin alleles, all causing the formation of premature stop codons. Although they do not show evident phenotypic alterations during embryogenesis, embryos carrying a homozygous genotype for these mutations are not able to reach the adulthood stage, showing a high rate of mortality in the first three weeks of larval development, indicating that Haspin is fundamental for larval survival and growth. To conclude, we clarified various aspects of haspin expression pattern during zebrafish development and in adult organs. Even though we were not able yet to unambiguously define the phenotypic effect of Haspin functional inactivation by using a MO-mediated approach, we paved the way for the analysis of the effect of a complete haspin gene knockout during zebrafish development by generating a haspin stable KO line and by showing that this null mutant allele significantly affects larval survival and growth.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Análisis de los efectos de la energía eléctrica en la calidad de vida de los habitantes y productividad industrial, Guayaquil, año 2015
- Author
-
Quizhpe Monar, Guido Roberto and Manosalvas Tola, Miltón Israel
- Subjects
INDICE DE DESARROLLO HUMANO ,ENERGIA ELÉCTRICA ,CALIDA DE VIDA HUMANA ,COMUNIDAD - Abstract
El presente trabajo investigativo se enmarca en el estudio del consumo de energía eléctrica y de la calidad de vida de los habitantes de una ciudad grande como Guayaquil. El objetivo general de la investigación fue analizar la contribución de la energía eléctrica al mejoramiento de los niveles de vida en los pobladores guayaquileños, considerando que ésta se refleja en tres aspectos principales: el comportamiento de consumo de la energía, la incorporación de bienes materiales y el reemplazo de energías contaminantes por energías más limpias como la eléctrica. Para ello se utilizó un enfoque de investigación cualitativo y cuantitativo, documental y descriptivo, a la par con la utilización de la técnica de la encuesta por medio de un cuestionario diseñado para la consecución de los objetivos. Los resultados encontrados evidenciaron que existe una relación directa entre el comportamiento de consumo y el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida en los habitantes del sector residencial de la ciudad de Guayaquil. This research work is part of the study of the consumption of electric energy and the quality of life of the inhabitants of a large city such as Guayaquil. The general objective of the research was to analyze the contribution of electric power to the improvement of living standards in Guayaquil people, considering that this is the reflection in itself the main ones: energy consumption behavior, incorporation of material goods and The replacement of polluting energy by cleaner energies such as electric. For this, a qualitative and quantitative, documentary and descriptive research approach is used, along with the use of the survey technique through a questionnaire designed to achieve the objectives. The results showed that there is a direct relationship between the consumption behavior and the improvement of the quality of life in the inhabitants of the residential sector of the city of Guayaquil.
- Published
- 2016
40. Discovery of Nanoscale Electric Field‐Induced Phase Transitions in ZrO2.
- Author
-
Lomenzo, Patrick D., Collins, Liam, Ganser, Richard, Xu, Bohan, Guido, Roberto, Gruverman, Alexei, Kersch, Alfred, Mikolajick, Thomas, and Schroeder, Uwe
- Subjects
- *
PHASE transitions , *PIEZORESPONSE force microscopy , *REAL estate business , *SEMICONDUCTOR industry , *MOLECULAR dynamics - Abstract
The emergence of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric properties in the semiconductor industry's most prominent high‐k dielectrics, HfO2 and ZrO2, is leading to technology developments unanticipated a decade ago. Yet the failure to clearly distinguish ferroelectric from antiferroelectric behavior is impeding progress. Band‐excitation piezoresponse force microscopy and molecular dynamics are used to elucidate the nanoscale electric field‐induced phase transitions present in ZrO2‐based antiferroelectrics. Antiferroelectric ZrO2 is clearly distinguished from a closely resembling pinched La‐doped HfO2 ferroelectric. Crystalline grains in the range of 3 – 20 nm are imaged independently undergoing reversible electric field induced phase transitions. The electrically accessible nanoscale phase transitions discovered in this study open up an unprecedented paradigm for the development of new nanoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Ferroelectric Al 0.85 Sc 0.15 N and Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 Domain Switching Dynamics.
- Author
-
Guido R, Wang X, Xu B, Alcala R, Mikolajick T, Schroeder U, and Lomenzo PD
- Abstract
The capability to reliably program partial polarization states with nanosecond programming speed and femtojoule energies per bit in ferroelectrics makes them an ideal candidate to realize multibit memory elements for high-density crossbar arrays, which could enable neural network models with a large number of parameters at the edge. However, a thorough understanding of the domain switching dynamics involved in the polarization reversal is required to achieve full control of the multibit capability. Transient current integration measurements are adopted to investigate the domain dynamics in aluminum scandium nitride (Al
0.85 Sc0.15 N) and hafnium zirconium oxide (Hf0.5 Zr0.5 O2 ). The switching dynamics are correlated to the crystal structure of the films. The contributions of domain nucleation and domain wall motion are decoupled by analyzing the rate of change of the time-dependent normalized switched polarization. Thermally activated creep domain wall motion characterizes the Al0.85 Sc0.15 N switching dynamics. The statistics of independently nucleating domains and the domain wall creep motion in Hf0.5 Zr0.5 O2 are associated with the spatially inhomogeneous distribution of local switching field due to polymorphism, absence of preferential crystallite orientation, as well as defects and charges that can be located at the grain boundaries. The c -axis texture, single-phase nature, and strong likelihood of less fabrication process-induced defects contribute to the homogeneity of the local switching field in Al0.85 Sc0.15 N. Nonetheless, defects generated and redistributed upon bipolar electric field switching cycling result in Al0.85 Sc0.15 N domain wall pinning. The wake-up effect in Hf0.5 Zr0.5 O2 is explained thorough the continuous addition of switchable regions associated with two independent distributions of characteristic switching times.- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Kinetics of N- to M-Polar Switching in Ferroelectric Al 1-x Sc x N Capacitors.
- Author
-
Guido R, Lu H, Lomenzo PD, Mikolajick T, Gruverman A, and Schroeder U
- Abstract
Ferroelectric wurtzite-type aluminum scandium nitride (Al
1-x Scx N) presents unique properties that can enhance the performance of non-volatile memory technologies. The realization of the full potential of Al1-x Scx N requires a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of polarization reversal and domain structure dynamics involved in the ferroelectric switching process. In this work, transient current integration measurements performed by a pulse switching method are combined with domain imaging by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) to investigate the kinetics of domain nucleation and wall motion during polarization reversal in Al0.85 Sc0.15 N capacitors. In the studied electric field range (from 4.4 to 5.6 MV cm-1 ), ferroelectric switching proceeds via domain nucleation and wall movement. The currently available phenomenological models are shown to not fully capture all the details of the complex dynamics of polarization reversal in Al0.85 Sc0.15 N. PFM reveals a non-linear increase of both domain nucleation rate and lateral wall velocity during the switching process, as well as the dependency of the domain pattern on the polarization reversal direction. A continuously faster N- to M-polar switching upon cycling is reported and ascribed to an increasing number of M-polar nucleation sites and density of domain walls., (© 2024 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Role of Defects in the Breakdown Phenomenon of Al 1- x Sc x N: From Ferroelectric to Filamentary Resistive Switching.
- Author
-
Guido R, Mikolajick T, Schroeder U, and Lomenzo PD
- Abstract
Aluminum scandium nitride (Al
1- x Scx N), with its large remanent polarization, is an attractive material for high-density ferroelectric random-access memories. However, the cycling endurance of Al1- x Scx N ferroelectric capacitors is far below what can be achieved in other ferroelectric materials. Understanding the nature and dynamics of the breakdown mechanism is of the utmost importance for improving memory reliability. The breakdown phenomenon in ferroelectric Al1- x Scx N is proposed to be an impulse thermal filamentary-driven process along preferential defective pathways. For the first time, stable and robust bipolar filamentary resistive switching in ferroelectric Al1- x Scx N is reported. A hot atom damage defect generation model illustrates how filament formation and ferroelectric switching are connected. The model reveals the tendency of the ferroelectric wurtzite-type Al1- x Scx N system to reach internal symmetry with bipolar electric field cycling. Defects generated from bipolar electric field cycling influence both the energy barrier between the polarization states and that required for the filament formation.- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Scalable, accessible, and reproducible reference genome assembly and evaluation in Galaxy.
- Author
-
Larivière D, Abueg L, Brajuka N, Gallardo-Alba C, Grüning B, Ko BJ, Ostrovsky A, Palmada-Flores M, Pickett BD, Rabbani K, Balacco JR, Chaisson M, Cheng H, Collins J, Denisova A, Fedrigo O, Gallo GR, Giani AM, Gooder GM, Jain N, Johnson C, Kim H, Lee C, Marques-Bonet T, O'Toole B, Rhie A, Secomandi S, Sozzoni M, Tilley T, Uliano-Silva M, van den Beek M, Waterhouse RM, Phillippy AM, Jarvis ED, Schatz MC, Nekrutenko A, and Formenti G
- Abstract
Improvements in genome sequencing and assembly are enabling high-quality reference genomes for all species. However, the assembly process is still laborious, computationally and technically demanding, lacks standards for reproducibility, and is not readily scalable. Here we present the latest Vertebrate Genomes Project assembly pipeline and demonstrate that it delivers high-quality reference genomes at scale across a set of vertebrate species arising over the last ~500 million years. The pipeline is versatile and combines PacBio HiFi long-reads and Hi-C-based haplotype phasing in a new graph-based paradigm. Standardized quality control is performed automatically to troubleshoot assembly issues and assess biological complexities. We make the pipeline freely accessible through Galaxy, accommodating researchers even without local computational resources and enhanced reproducibility by democratizing the training and assembly process. We demonstrate the flexibility and reliability of the pipeline by assembling reference genomes for 51 vertebrate species from major taxonomic groups (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals).
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The genome sequence of the European nightjar, Caprimulgus europaeus (Linnaeus, 1758).
- Author
-
Secomandi S, Spina F, Formenti G, Gallo GR, Caprioli M, Ambrosini R, and Riello S
- Abstract
We present a genome assembly from an individual female Caprimulgus europaeus (the European nightjar; Chordata; Aves; Caprimulgiformes; Caprimulgidae). The genome sequence is 1,178 megabases in span. The majority of the assembly (99.33%) is scaffolded into 37 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the W and Z sex chromosomes., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2021 Secomandi S et al.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Long walk to genomics: History and current approaches to genome sequencing and assembly.
- Author
-
Giani AM, Gallo GR, Gianfranceschi L, and Formenti G
- Abstract
Genomes represent the starting point of genetic studies. Since the discovery of DNA structure, scientists have devoted great efforts to determine their sequence in an exact way. In this review we provide a comprehensive historical background of the improvements in DNA sequencing technologies that have accompanied the major milestones in genome sequencing and assembly, ranging from early sequencing methods to Next-Generation Sequencing platforms. We then focus on the advantages and challenges of the current technologies and approaches, collectively known as Third Generation Sequencing. As these technical advancements have been accompanied by progress in analytical methods, we also review the bioinformatic tools currently employed in de novo genome assembly, as well as some applications of Third Generation Sequencing technologies and high-quality reference genomes., Competing Interests: G.F. had one travel sponsored by Bionano Genomics. A.M.G., G.R.G. and L.G. declare no conflicts of interest., (© 2019 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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