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Objective: The aim of this study is to develop a systems thinking framework to describe the common complexities of childhood obesity in the Caribbean region and identify potential areas of intervention. Methods: Group model building (GMB) is a form of systems science. Trained GMB facilitators in Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands, Barbados, and Trinidad and Tobago convened a group of multi-disciplinary stakeholders in a series of virtual meetings in 2021 to elaborate a hypothesis of the system driving childhood obesity represented by causal loop diagrams (CLD). Commonalities and differences between the CLDs from each island were identified and reconciled to create a synthesized CLD. Results: A single explanatory CLD across the islands was developed and includes nine reinforcing loops. These loops addressed the interconnected role of schools, policy, commercial determinants, community and the personal experience of the child in rising childhood obesity rates. Conclusions: Despite differences across settings, there is a core system driving childhood obesity in the Caribbean, as described by stakeholders in GMB workshops. Policy solutions to the problem must be multi-faceted and multi-level to address the interlinked reinforcing loops of the complex system and reduce rates of childhood obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study explored medical educators' understanding of the term transgender and their attitudes and perspectives regarding (1) health system responsiveness to transgender needs and (2) transgender curriculum in medical education. Methods: The study employed purposive sampling of medical educators responsible for design and delivery of curriculum. Fifteen of 18 eligible educators participated in Zoom focus groups (FG1 n=7, FG2 n=8). FGs averaged 93 min and were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a qualitative interpretivist methodology with deductive and inductive coding assisted by NVivo 12 Pro software. Results: Educators were knowledgeable about the term transgender and the physical and psychosocial needs of transgender people. Participants viewed transgender care as a significant emerging health area. However, infrequent personal or clinical contact, coupled with constraints in human and other resources, resulted in the perception that transgender content as a stand-alone component of curriculum is difficult to justify. Participants articulated a need for broad-based diversity content, including disabilities, primarily at the undergraduate level. Educators saw transgender health as relevant for undergraduate-level psychiatry and postgraduate medical specializations. Analysis and discussion framed participant perspectives in the context of stigma, discrimination, and medicolegal and health systems that impede access to health care for transgender people. Conclusion: Participants demonstrated knowledge of transgender and transgender health care needs. Areas for improvements in health care responsiveness were identified, particularly related to structural stigma and discrimination. Although participants expressed interest in including transgender health in the curriculum, this would require pragmatic optimization of teaching resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses family law issues that family law attorneys should be aware of, particularly the qualified domestic relations order (QDRO), which covers the division of certain retirement assets of couples during a divorce. Other topics include the changing demographic of divorce litigants in the U.S. and the kinds of retirement assets like defined contribution plan and defined benefit plan.

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "A systems thinking framework for understanding rising childhood obesity in the Caribbean" published in the journal Health Research Policy & Systems. The correction addresses an error in the authorship list, specifically the incorrect listing of Raveed Khan's name as R. Raveed Khan. The original article has been updated to reflect the correct authorship. The publisher, Springer Nature, maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. The authors of the article are Leonor Guariguata, Amy Burlar, Natalie Greaves, Heather Harewood, Raveed Khan, Rosa V. Rosario-Rosado, Waneisha Jones, Brita Roy, and Saria Hassan. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents the discussion on mitigating the impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Caribbean Community: Topics include countries facing unprecedented health, social and economic challenges due to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; and resonated with Caribbean populations well used to such public advisories during the passage of tropical storms in the hurricane season.

The article discusses what the authors refer to as various Dispute Resolution (DR) options for family law practitioners and clients in places such as Idaho, and it mentions a diversion DR enforcement process, non-binding arbitration, and court-ordered mediation in Idaho. Settlement conferences and a lawyer's ability to educate a client about their legal position are examined. Mediators and the cost-effectiveness of mediation are assessed.

The article discusses legal considerations for special needs children who are involved in divorce proceedings in America, and it mentions Individualized Educational Programs (IEPs), the U.S. Individual with Disabilities Act (IDEA), and attorney-client relations in places such as Idaho. It states that students with disabilities are entitled to a Free Public Education (FAPE) in the U.S. Idaho's Child Support Guidelines and America's Civil Rights Act are assessed.