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Aim Non-native fish species have been closely related to serious damage to aquatic biodiversity due to their negative effects on native fauna. We aim to report the first and alarming occurrence of the non-native catfish “jaú” Zungaro jahu in the Iguaçu River basin above the Iguaçu Falls, a high-endemism Neotropical ecoregion for fish. Methods Fish samplings were taken with a bottom gill net in the Segredo Reservoir, where they were anesthetized in benzocaine hydrochloride and fixed in formaldehyde in the field, later identified in the laboratory and housed at the Museu de História Natural do Capão da Imbuia (MHNCI). Results Our recent samplings in the Iguaçu River basin recorded one non-native individual of the catfish “jaú” Zungaro jahu in the Segredo Reservoir. Conclusions We mainly intend to alarm about the risk of expansion of the occurrence of this non-native species throughout the cascading reservoirs in the Iguaçu River where it could potentially develop serious damage to the trophic chain, predation of small-sized endemic species, and competition, especially in the sites where the endemic and endangered pimelodid “surubim-do-iguaçu” (Steindachneridion melanodermatum) maintains viable populations, currently restricted to the Lower Iguaçu River basin exhibiting recent signs of a population bottleneck. Resumo: Objetivo Espécies de peixes não nativas têm sido intimamente relacionadas aos sérios danos à biodiversidade aquática devido aos efeitos negativos sobre a fauna nativa. Nosso objetivo é relatar a primeira e alarmante ocorrência do bagre não nativo “jaú” Zungaro jahu na bacia do rio Iguaçu acima das Cataratas do Iguaçu, uma ecorregião neotropical com alto endemismo de peixes. Métodos As amostragens dos peixes foram realizadas com rede de emalhar de fundo no Reservatório de Segredo, onde foram anestesiados em cloridrato de benzocaína e fixados em formol em campo, posteriormente foram identificados em laboratório e depositados no Museu de História Natural do Capão da Imbuia (MHNCI). Resultados Nossas amostragens recentes na bacia do rio Iguaçu registraram um indivíduo não nativo do bagre “jaú” Zungaro jahu no Reservatório de Segredo. Conclusões Pretendemos, principalmente, alertar sobre o risco de expansão da ocorrência desta espécie não nativa ao longo da cascata de reservatórios do rio Iguaçu, onde potencialmente poderá desenvolver sérios danos à cadeia trófica, predação de espécies endêmicas de pequeno porte e competição, especialmente nos locais onde o pimelodídeo endêmico e ameaçado de extinção “surubim-do-iguaçu” (Steindachneridion melanodermatum) mantém populações viáveis, atualmente restrita à bacia do Baixo rio Iguaçu, exibindo sinais recentes do efeito de gargalo.

An annotated checklist for the freshwater fishes from Paraná State, Brazil is provided. A total of 440 freshwater fish species are recorded for the state, distributed across five ecoregions: Upper Parana, Lower Parana, and Iguassu, all within the rio Paraná basin, and corresponding to the state’s Inland Slope, and Southeastern Mata Atlantica and Ribeira de Iguape, corresponding to the Atlantic Slope, encompassing minor coastal drainages emptying in the Baía de Paranaguá or in the Baía de Guaratuba, and the rio Ribeira de Iguape basin, respectively. The Upper Parana ecoregion ocuppies the larger in area in the state, and is divided into the following sub-ecoregions: Floodplain, Paranapanema, Piquiri, and Ivaí. Species richness for each ecoregion is as follows: 273 species for the Upper Parana (Paranapanema sub-ecoregion, 217 species; Floodplain sub-ecoregion, 193 species; Piquiri sub-ecoregion, 154 species; Ivaí sub-ecoregion, 132 species), 154 species in the Lower Parana, 127 species in the Iguassu, 68 species in the Southeastern Mata Atlantica, and 50 species in the Ribeira de Iguape. We recorded 42 putatively undescribed species and 117 endemic species from specific ecoregions (except Upper Parana) or sub-ecoregions in the state. Ninety-eight species recorded are non-native from at least one of the state’s ecoregions. Thirty-three species are considered threatened. The ecoregions in the Atlantic Slope share many more species with each other than with ecoregions in the Inland Slope. The Iguassu ecoregion is the only one located in Inland Slope that shares more species with the Atlantic Slope than with the remaining ecoregions from the Inland Slope. The Ivaí sub-ecoregion lacks several species that are common to all other sub-ecoregions of the Upper Parana ecoregion. Comments on the historical development of taxonomic knowledge, biogeography, threats, and conservation strategies for the fish fauna from the Paraná State are provided.

Oliveira, Carlos Alexandre Miranda, Bertaco, Vinícius Araújo, Graça, Weferson Júnio Da, Pavanelli, Carla Simone (2019): Redescription of Astyanax gymnogenys Eigenmann, 1911 (Characiformes Characidae), a senior synonym of Astyanax longirhinus Garavello & Sampaio 2010. Zootaxa 4668 (2): 229-244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4668.2.4

Hypostomus microstomus Weber, 1987 Fig. 24 Body deep; greatest body depth contained 4.0 to 4.7 and caudal peduncle depth 8.4 to 9.4 times in SL; head length 2.8 to 3.2, predorsal distance 2.4 to 2.5, dorsal-fin spine length 2.6 to 3.2, pectoral-fin spine length 2.8 to 3.1, adipose-fin spine length 13.5 to 6.0 and caudal peduncle length 3.0 to 3.5 in SL; snout length 1.4 to 1.6, horizontal orbital diameter 4.6 to 5.8 and least interorbital width 1.6 to 2.1 in HL. Mouth inferior; premaxilla with 8-14 and dentary with 10-16 teeth. Mid-lateral series with 24-27, predorsal series with 3, and dorsal-fin base series with 7 plates. Dorsal fin with I,7, pectoral fin with I,6, pelvic fin with i,5 and anal fin with 6 rays (Weber, 1987). Ground color brown; scattered light-beige spot on body. Brown fins with light-beige spots, sometimes inconspicuous. Maximum standard length. 300.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Río Paraná basin. Remarks. Hypostomus microstomus is a non-native species from the upper rio Paraná, and its occurrence can be associated with the filling of the Itaipu Reservoir and the consequent inundation of the Sete Quedas Falls., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 74, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Weber C. Hypostomus microstomus sp. nov. et autres poissons-chats cuirasses du rio Parana (Pisces, Siluriformes, Loricariidae). Arch Sci. 1987; 40 (3): 273 - 84.","Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}

Imparfinis borodini Mees, Cala, 1989 Fig. 21 Body elongated; greatest body depth contained 8.0, head depth 10.1 and caudal peduncle depth 14.4 times in SL; head length 4.0, anal-fin base length 8.8, adipose-fin base length 2.9 and maxillary-barbel length 4.8 times in SL; snout length 3.0, horizontal orbital diameter 5.7 and least interorbital width 4.5 times in HL. Mouth terminal; premaxilla and dentary with several diminute teeth. Dorsal fin with 7, pectoral fin with 8, pelvic fin with 6 and anal fin with 8 rays. Ground color pale brown; dark-brown transverse bars on dorsum; dark-brown inconspicuous longitudinal stripe along lateral line. Maximum standard length. 105.0 mm. Biological data. Lives in streams with sand, silt and pebbles (Sarmento-Soares et al., 2016). Distribution. Upper rio Paraná, rio São Francisco and rio Tocantins basins., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 68, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Sarmento-Soares LM, Bristki HA, Anjos M, Zanata AM, Martins- Pinheiro RF, Barreto MG. First record of genus Imparfinis from a northeastern coastal Brazilian river basin: I. borodini Mees & Cala, 1989 in Rio de Contas, Bahia. Check List [serial on the internet]. 2016 [cited 2016 Dec 08]; 12 (1): 1832. Available from: http: // dx. doi. org / 10.15560 / 12.1.1832"]}

Astyanax bockmanni Vari, Castro, 2007 Fig. 7 Body deep; greatest depth contained 2.4 to 2.7 and caudal peduncle depth 8.7 to 9.2 times in SL; head length 4.0 to 4.1, predorsal distance 1.9 to 2.0 and caudal peduncle length 8.0 to 12.4 in SL; snout length 3.7 to 4.4, horizontal orbital diameter 2.4 to 2.5 and least interorbital width 2.8 to 2.9 in HL. Mouth terminal; inner row of premaxilla with 5 teeth, outer with 4 or 5, dentary with 9 or 10, and maxilla with 2 teeth. Lateral line complete, with 37 or 38 pored scales; transverse series above lateral line with 5½ or 6 scale rows and below with 5 or 6 scale rows. Dorsal fin with 11 or 12, pectoral fin with 15 or 16, pelvic fin with 9, anal fin with 22 or 23, and caudal fin with 19 rays. Ground color silvery; one black humeral blotch, transversely elongated, followed by another similar black humeral blotch, smaller than the first; silvery longitudinal band on flank (brown or grey in fixed specimens), from humeral blotch to median caudal-fin rays, larger on caudal peduncle, forming ovalshaped, horizontally elongated, blotch. Yellowish or reddish fins (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 74.2 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Upper rio Paraná basin., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 26, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}

Ossancora eigenmanni (Boulenger, 1895) Fig. 20 Body deep; greatest body depth contained 2.8 to 3.8, head length 3.4 to 4.0 times in SL; snout length contained 1.9 to 2.1, horizontal orbital diameter 2.6 to 4.9 and least interorbital width 2.6 to 3.1 times in HL; orbital diameter contained 1.3 to 1.7 times in interorbital width. Mouth terminal; with dentigerous plates in both premaxilla and dentary. Lateral line with 27-30 plates. Dorsal fin with I,6 rays, pectoral fin with I,6-7 rays, pelvic fin with 7 rays and anal fin with 12-15 rays. Ground color brownish; dark-brown spots of varied sizes irregularly distributed. Fins light-brown with dark-brown spots. Maximum standard length. 125.0 mm. Distribution. Upper río Paraguay and rio Paraná basins. Remarks. Ossancora eigenmanni was identified as Oxydoras eigenmanni by Graça, Pavanelli (2007). Birindelli, Sabaj-Pérez (2011), in the description of the new genus, Ossancora, proposed the new combination. Ossancora eigenmanni is a non-native species from the upper rio Paraná, and its occurrence can be associated with the filling of the Itaipu Reservoir and the consequent inundation of the Sete Quedas Falls., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 65, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}

Gymnotus paraguensis Albert, Crampton, 2003 Fig. 16 Body elongated and compressed; greatest depth contained 9.7 to 10.2 times in TL; head length 7.5 to 8.2, anal-fin base length 1.2 in LEA; snout length 2.8 to 3.0, horizontal orbital diameter 13.9 to 15.4 and least interorbital width 2.4 to 3.2 in HL. Mouth superior, dentary prognathous. Pectoral fin with 17-21 rays and anal fin with 260-270 rays; transverse series above lateral line with 11 or 12 scale rows. Ground color dark-brown; body with 23-26 light-beige oblique stripes, with well-defined margins; two to seven inverted Y-shaped stripes, or sometimes X-shaped, or sometimes interrupted on porterior half of body. Hyaline fins or light-beige, with scattered dark-brown spots (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum total length. 280.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Paraná-Paraguay system. Remarks. Gymnotus paraguensis is a non-native species from the upper rio Paraná, and its occurrence in the region can be associated with its introduction as a live bait by anglers, or with the filling of the Itaipu Reservoir and the consequent inundation of the Sete Quedas Falls., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 57, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}

Serrasalmus marginatus Valenciennes, 1837 Fig. 15 Body deep; greatest depth contained 1.8 to 1.9 and caudal peduncle depth 11.0 to 13.9 times in SL; head length 2.9 to 3.1, predorsal distance 1.7 to 1.8 and caudal peduncle length 13.9 to 14.6 in SL; snout length 4.2 to 4.4, horizontal orbital diameter 3.0 to 3.7 and least interorbital width 3.4 to 4.5 in HL. Mouth terminal, dentary prognathous; premaxilla with 6, dentary with 7, maxilla with no teeth and palate with 4-7 teeth. Lateral line with 74-79 pored scales; transverse series above and below lateral line with 26-30 scale rows. Dorsal and pectoral fin with 15-17, pelvic fin with 7, anal fin with 32-36 and caudal fin with 19 rays. Ground color silvery; several dark-brown rounded blotches on body. Caudal and anal fins completely or partially black, including thin hyaline distal margin; remaining fins hyaline or yellowish, with few scattered black spots (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 260.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Paraná-Paraguay system. Remarks. Serrasalmus marginatus is a non-native species from the upper rio Paraná. Its occurrence can be associated with the filling of the Itaipu Reservoir and the consequent inundation of the Sete Quedas Falls., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on pages 53-54, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}

Parodon nasus Kner, 1859 Fig. 14 Body elongated; greatest body depth contained 3.5 to 4.6 and caudal peduncle depth 7.0 to 8.5 times in SL; head length 4.2 to 5.0, predorsal distance 1.9 to 2.4 and caudal peduncle length 7.4 to 10.8 in SL; snout length 2.3 to 2.9, horizontal orbital diameter 3.4 to 4.9, least interorbital width 2.3 to 2.7 and dentary width 3.8 to 5.1 in HL. Mouth subterminal; premaxilla with 4, dentary with 2-4 and maxilla with 2 teeth. Lateral line with 35-39 pored scales; transverse series above lateral line with 4½ scale rows and below with 3 or 3½ scale rows. Dorsal fin with 11 or 12, pectoral fin with 13-16, pelvic fin with 8 or 9, anal fin with 8 or 9 and caudal fin with 19 rays (Pavanelli, 1999). Ground color pale brown dorsally and pale yellow ventrally; black longitudinal band along lateral line, from opercle to median caudal-fin rays, with projections upwards and downwards, conferring zigzag pattern. Hyaline or yellowish (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 117.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Paraná-Paraguay system., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 50, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Pavanelli CS. Revisao taxonomica da familia Parodontidae (Ostariophysi: Characiformes). [PhD Thesis]. Sao Carlos, SP: Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos; 1999.","Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}

Pimelodella avanhandavae Eigenmann, 1917 Fig. 22 Body elongated; greatest body depth contained 5.1 to 5.3, head depth 4.2 to 5.0 and caudal peduncle depth 7.4 to 8.0 times in SL; head length 4.5 to 4.7, anal-fin base length 6.6 to 7.5, adipose-fin base length 1.9 to 2.2 and maxillarybarbel length 1.1 to 1.4 times in SL; snout length 2.3 to 2.5, horizontal orbital diameter 3.1 to 3.3 and least interorbital width 3.9 to 4.1 times in HL. Mouth terminal; premaxilla and dentary with several diminute and viliform teeth. Dorsal fin with I,6, pectoral fin with I,9 or 10, pelvic fin with 6 and anal fin with 12-14 rays. Ground color beige; two dark-brown longitudinal bands, one along lateral line and one slightly below dorsal fin. Hyaline fins (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 236.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Upper rio Paraná basin., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 69, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Eigenmann CH. The American Characidae. Mem Mus Comp Zool. 1917; 43: 1 - 102. pt. 1.","Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}

Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro Menezes, 1992 Fig. 3 Body elongated; greatest depth contained 3.6 to 4.8 and caudal peduncle depth 12.1 to 14.9 times in SL; head length 3.0 to 3.6, predorsal distance 1.5 to 1.8 and caudal peduncle length 9.8 to 13.1 in SL; snout length 2.8 to 3.3, horizontal orbital diameter 3.5 to 5.0 and least interorbital width 3.5 to 4.6 in HL. Mouth terminal; outer row of premaxilla with 13- 16 and inner row with 10-20, and maxilla with 16-39 teeth. Lateral line complete, with 93-108 pored scales; transverse series above lateral line with 26-30 scale rows and below with 15-17 scale rows. Dorsal fin with 11, pectoral fin with 14-18, pelvic fin with 8, anal fin with 23-27, and caudal fin with 19 rays. Ground color silvery to yellowish; black rounded humeral blotch; black oval, horizontally elongated, blotch on caudal-fin base, extending to median caudal-fin rays. Yellowish fins; anal and pectoral fin with distal margins black (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 180.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Río de la Plata and rio Mamoré basins. Remarks. Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro is a non-native species from the upper rio Paraná basin, and its recent occurrence can be associated with the functioning of the Canal da Piracema, a fish ladder that connects the region downstream from the Itaipu Dam to the region upstream from the dam (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007)., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 18, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Menezes NA. Redefinicao taxonomica das especies de Acestrorhynchus do grupo lacustris com a descricao de uma nova especie (Osteichthyes, Characiformes, Characidae). Com Mus Cien PUCRS. 1992; 5 (5): 39 - 54.","Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}

Trachelyopterus sp. Fig. 18 Body deep; greatest body depth contained 4.0 to 4.3 times in SL; head length 4.2 to 4.5, anal-fin base length 2.9 to 3.1 in SL; snout length 3.6 to 3.7, horizontal orbital diameter 6.2 to 6.4 and least interorbital width 1.6 to 1.8 in HL. Mouth terminal with dentigerous tooth plates in both premaxilla and dentary. Dorsal fin with I,6, pectoral fin with I,7, pelvic fin with 8 and anal fin with 21-25 rays. Adipose fin absent. Ground color pale yellow to orange with several dark-brown irregular blotches as well as fins. Adipose fin absent (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 128.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Upper rio Paraná floodplain., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on pages 62-63, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}

Astronotus crassipinnis (Heckel, 1840) Fig. 33 Body deep; greatest body depth contained 1.8 to 2.2 and head depth 3.0 to 3.2 times in SL; head length 2.4 to 3.2 in SL; snout length 2.9 to 3.1, horizontal orbital diameter 4.6 to 5.2 and least interorbital width 2.1 to 2.2 in HL. Mouth terminal; outer row of premaxilla with 17-20, and outer row of dentary with 15-20 teeth, followed by three rows of conical teeth. Upper lateral line with 20 or 21, lower lateral line with 22 pored scales and longitudinal series with 14- 15 scales. Transversal series above upper lateral line with 5 or 5½ scale rows, and below lower lateral line with 14 or 15 scale rows. Dorsal fin with XIV,19-21, pectoral fin with 15 or 16, pelvic fin with I,6 and anal fins with III,15- 17 rays. Ground color dark-brown to black; several lightbeige irregular transverse bars; superior portion of caudalfin base with black rounded ocelli, with orange margins. Dark-grey fins, sometimes dorsal, anal and caudal fins with distal margin hyaline. Males in reproductive period with yellowish-red spots on body (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 302.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Amazon basin and Paraná-Paraguay system. Remarks. Astronotus crassipinnis is a non-native species in the upper rio Paraná basin, and its recent occurrence can be associated with the aquarium trade., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on pages 91-92, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}

Characidium gomesi Travassos, 1956 Fig. 12 Body elongated; greatest body depth contained 3.9 to 4.0 and caudal peduncle depth 7.8 to 8.5 times in SL; head length 4.2, predorsal distance 2.1 to 2.4 and caudal peduncle length 4.9 to 6.0 in SL; snout length 3.8 to 3.9, horizontal orbital diameter 4.4 to 4.8 and least interorbital width 5.3 to 5.9 in HL. Mouth terminal; premaxilla with 6 or 7, dentary with 8-10 and maxilla with no teeth. Isthmus without scales. Lateral line with 34 or 35 pored scales; transverse series above lateral line with 4 scale rows and below with 2 or 2½ scale rows. Dorsal fin with 11 rays, pectoral fin with 11-13 rays, pelvic fin and anal fin with 8 or 9 rays, and caudal fin with 18 rays. Ground color brown; three dark-brown longitudinal stripes on dorsal region of body; dark-brown stripe from tip of snout to orbit; dark-brown longitudinal stripe on flank, from humeral spot caudal peduncle; darkbrown transverse bars on flank, conspicuous on caudal peduncle; dark-brown spot at base of median caudal-fin rays. Hyaline fins; dorsal fin with two dark-brown oblique stripes; adipose fin with distal portion darkened; posterior half of pectoral, pelvic and anal-fin rays darkened; caudal fin with two dark-brown transverse bars. Maximum standard length. 56.0 mm. Biological data. Feeding habit omnivorous with tendency to insectivory, and lives in rocks bottom with stronger current (Ferreira, 2007). Distribution. Upper rio Paraná basin., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on pages 42-43, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Ferreira KM. Biology and ecomorphology of stream fishes from the rio Mogi-Guacu basin, Southeastern Brazil. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2007; 5 (3): 311 - 26."]}

Eigenmannia 1. Two inconspicuous dark-brown longitudinal stripes on the flank.............................................................. E. virescens 1’. Three or four conspicuous dark-brown longitudinal stripes on the flank.............................................................. 2 2. Premaxilla with nine or 10 teeth distributed in two rows; pectoral fin with ii,11 or 12 rays and anal fin with 151 to 170 rays.............................................................. E. guairaca 2’. Premaxilla with 31 to 33 teeth distributed in four rows; pectoral fin with ii,14 or 15 rays and anal fin with 176 to 217 rays.............................................................. E. trilineata, Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 59, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395

Megaleporinus macrocephalus (Garavello, Britski, 1988) Fig. 5 Body deep; greatest depth contained 3.0 to 3.5, caudal peduncle depth 8.1 to 8.9 times in SL; head length 2.5 to 3.0, predorsal distance 2.0, caudal peduncle length 4.9 to 6.6 in SL; snout length 2.2 to 2.5, horizontal orbital diameter 2.9 to 3.7 and least interorbital width 1.7 to 1.9 in HL. Mouth terminal; premaxilla and dentary with 3 teeth, no maxillary teeth. Lateral line with 42 or 43 pored scales; transverse series above lateral line with 5½ or 6 scale rows and below with 5 or 5½ scale rows. Dorsal fin with 12, pectoral fin with 16 or 17, pelvic fin with 9, anal fin with 10 and caudal fin with 19 rays (Garavello, Britski, 1988). Ground color dark-grey; isthmus and abdomen yellowish; scales with dark-brown border, conferring reticulated pattern to body; three dark-brown blotches over lateral line (first vertically enlongated, second and third rounded), more visible in young specimens, inconspicuous or absent in large specimens. Dorsal, anal and caudal fin darker, pectoral and pelvic fins lighter (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 500.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Río Paraguay and upper rio Paraná basin. Remarks. Megaleporinus macrocephalus was identified as Leporinus macrocephalus by Graça, Pavanelli (2007). Ramirez et al. (2016) described the new genus, Megaleporinus, and proposed the new combination. Megaleporinus macrocephalus is a non-native species from the upper rio Paraná and its occurrence in the region can be associated with fish-farming and escapes from recreational angling ponds., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 21, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Garavello JC, Britski HA. Leporinus macrocephalus sp. n. da bacia do rio Paraguai (Ostariophysi, Anostomidae). Naturalia. 1988; 13: 67 - 74.","Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}

Hypophthalmus oremaculatus Nani, Fuster, 1947 Fig. 28 Body elongate; greatest body depth contained 4.3 to 4.4, head depth 7.5 to 7.9, caudal-peduncle depth 11.8 to 12.0 times in SL; head length 4.1 to 4.3, anal-fin base length 2.0 to 2.2, adipose-fin base length 31.0 to 34.2, and maxillarybarbel length 3.6 to 4.2 in SL; snout length 2.0 to 2.2, horizontal orbital diameter 7.7 to 8.6, and least interorbital width 2.2 to 2.3 in HL. Mouth terminal; toothless. Dorsal fin with 7, pectoral fin with 16-18, pelvic fin with 7 and anal fin with 55-62 rays. Ground color greyish dorsally, whitish ventrally. Whitish fins with dark-grey margins. Maximum standard length. 440.0 mm. Distribution. Río Paraná basin. Remarks. Hypophthalmus oremaculatus was identified as H. edentatus by Graça, Pavanelli (2007). Littmann et al. (2015) redescribed H. oremaculatus, provided additional information on H. edentatus and proposed the new identification for the specimens from the río Paraná basin. Additionally, the same authors found an exceptional specimen in a tributary of the rio Paraná (NUP 1730) that matches the description of a new species (identified as Hypophthalmus cf. n. sp. 1, Littmann, Lundberg, in preparation) by having 61 total vertebrae, seven post-Weberian vertebrae, mental barbels not reaching pectoral fins, and dorsal-fin origin posterior to anal-fin origin (vs. 55 to 59 total vertebrae, 3 to 6 post-Weberian vertebrae, long mental barbels, extending to pectoral-fin origin or beyond, and dorsalfin origin approximately on vertical through anal-fin origin, in H. oremaculatus). However, the new species is from the rio Orinoco and Amazon basins, and, at this moment, Littmann et al. (2015) only speculated that this specimen is possible a phenotypic outlier of H. oremaculatus, or a geographic outlier of Hypophthalmus n. sp. 1. Nevertheless, H. oremaculatus is a non-native species from the upper rio Paraná, and its occurrence can be associated with the filling of the Itaipu Reservoir and the consequent inundation of the Sete Quedas Falls., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on pages 81-82, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64.","Littmann MW, Azpelicueta MM, Vanegas-Rios JA, Lundberg JG. Holotype-based validation, redescription and continentalscale range extension of the South American catfish species Hypophthalmus oremaculatus Nani and Fuster, 1947, with additional information on Hypophthalmus edentatus Spix and Agassiz, 1829 (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae). Proc Acad Nat Sci Philadelphia. 2015; 164 (1): 159 - 76."]}

Astyanax aff. paranae Eigenmann, 1914 Fig. 7 Body elongated; greatest depth contained 3.5 to 3.6 and caudal peduncle depth 10.9 to 11.6 times in SL; head length 3.9 to 4.1, predorsal distance 1.9 to 2.0 and caudal peduncle length 7.2 to 9.6 in SL; snout length 3.6 to 4.5, horizontal orbital diameter 2.4 to 2.8 and least interorbital width 2.9 to 3.1 in HL. Mouth terminal; inner row of premaxilla with 5 teeth, outer with 4 or 5, dentary with 8-13, and maxilla with one tooth. Lateral line complete, with 38 or 39 pored scales; transverse series above lateral line with 5 or 5½ scale rows and below with 4 or 4½ scale rows. Dorsal fin with 11, pectoral fin with 15 or 16, pelvic fin with 9, anal fin with 17-23, and caudal fin with 19 rays. Ground color silvery; black vertically elongated humeral blotch followed by another similar black humeral blotch, smaller than the first; silvery longitudinal band on flank (brown or grey in fixed specimens), from humeral blotch to median caudal-fin rays. Reddish fins (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 90.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Upper rio Paraná basin., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 27, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}

Imparfinis 1. Body very elongate; adipose-fin base very long, extending to caudal fin, its length about half the stardard length, several times longer than anal-fin base; head depressed .............................................................. I. borodini 1’. Body not elongate; adipose-fin base short, not extending to caudal fin, its length contained several times in stardard length, about the same as that of anal-fin base; head not depressed.............................................................. 2 2. Dark-brown inconspicuous longitudinal band along flank; first dorsal-fin ray approximately the same size as the second................................................................. I. mirini 2’. Dark-brown conspicuous longitudinal band along flank; first dorsal-fin ray shorter than the second............................................................................................ I. schubarti

Potamotrygon cf. falkneri Castex, Maciel, 1963 Fig. 2 Body depressed; disc length contained 1.0 to 1.1 times in disc width (DW); distance from mouth to cloaca 1.4 to 1.6, distance from cloaca to caudal sting 1.7 to 2.1, tail length 1.0, and caudal sting length 4.2 to 6.0 in DW; mouth width 9.9 to 12.9, tail width 7.6 to 9.8 in DW; tail length 1.0 in disc length (DL); horizontal orbital diameter 2.3 to 3.9 in least interorbital width. Mouth inferior; upper jaw with 22-50 teeth and lower jaw with 26 to 44 teeth. Pectoral fin with 95-99 rays; mid-dorsal spines 18-56 (Rosa, 1985). Dorsal disc coloration brown, with numerous oval-shaped to reniform, yellow (occasionally black-margined) ocelli, usually wider than eye diameter (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum disc length. 780.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Paraná-Paraguay system. Remark. Potamotrygon cf. falkneri is a non-native species in the upper rio Paraná and its occurrence can be associated with the filling of the Itaipu Reservoir and the consequent inundation of the Sete Quedas Falls., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 16, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Rosa RS. A systematic revision of the South American freshwater stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae). [PhD Thesis]. Virginia, The Faculty of the School of Marine Science; 1985.","Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}

Imparfinis mirini Haseman, 1911 Fig. 21 Body elongated; greatest body depth contained 5.1 to 5.3, head depth 7.7 to 8.0 and caudal peduncle depth 9.4 to 10.0 times in SL; head length 5.0 to 5.4, anal-fin base length 6.3 to 6.8, adipose-fin base length 4.6 to 4.8 and maxillary-barbel length 2.5 to 2.6 times in SL; snout length 1.9 to 2.4, horizontal orbital diameter 6.0 to 6.3 and least interorbital width 2.5 to 2.6 times in HL. Mouth terminal; premaxilla and dentary with several diminute and viliform teeth. Dorsal fin with 7, pectoral fin with 8-11, pelvic fin with 6 and anal fin with 11-14 rays. Ground color pale yellow; dark-brown transverse bars on dorsum; dark-brown inconspicuous longitudinal stripe along lateral line. Yellowish fins (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 64.4 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Upper rio Araguaia and upper Paraná basins (Eschmeyer et al., 2017)., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 68, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64.","Eschmeyer WN, Fricke R, van der Laan R, editors. Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references [Internet]. San Francisco: California Academy of Science; 2017 [updated 2017 Jan 31; cited 2017 Feb 24]. Available from: http: // researcharchive. calacademy. org / research / ichthyology / catalog / fishcatmain. asp"]}

Hyphessobrycon 1. Dorsal fin with black blotch and distal edge of the rays hyaline; black humeral blotch large and conspicuous........................................................................................ H. eques 1’. Dorsal fin hyaline; black humeral spot small and less conspicuous....................................................... H. moniliger, Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 28, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395

Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Agassiz, 1829) Fig. 13 Body elongated; greatest body depth contained 4.2 to 4.7 and caudal peduncle depth 6.3 to 6.6 times in SL; head length 3.1 to 3.2, predorsal distance 1.8 to 2.0 and caudal peduncle length 8.4 to 8.6 in SL; snout length 4.0 to 4.3, horizontal orbital diameter 5.2 to 5.7 and least interorbital width 2.6 to 2.7 in HL. Mouth terminal; premaxilla with 8-10, dentary with 35-38 and maxilla with 32-36 teeth. Lateral line with 35-39 pored scales; transverse series above lateral line with 3½ scale rows and below with 3 scale rows. Dorsal fin with 11, pectoral fin with 14 or 15, pelvic fin with 8, anal fin with 13 or 14 and caudal fin with 19 rays. Ground color brown, dorsal regions darker than the ventral; dark-brown rounded blotch on opercle rounded blotch; dark-brown longitudinal band, from opercle to caudal-fin base. Dark-grey fins (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 260.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Río Orinoco, río Magdalena, Amazon and rio São Franciso basins, Paraná-Paraguay system and coastal rivers of Panamá and Northern South America (Eschmeyer et al., 2017). Remarks. Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus is a non-native species from the upper rio Paraná, and its occurrence can be associated with its introduction as a live bait by anglers, or with the filling of the Itaipu Reservoir and the consequent inundation of the Sete Quedas Falls., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 46, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64.","Eschmeyer WN, Fricke R, van der Laan R, editors. Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references [Internet]. San Francisco: California Academy of Science; 2017 [updated 2017 Jan 31; cited 2017 Feb 24]. Available from: http: // researcharchive. calacademy. org / research / ichthyology / catalog / fishcatmain. asp"]}

Hypostomus 1. Teeth spoon-shaped..................................... H. cochliodon 1’. Teeth bifid...................................................................... 2 2. Ground color light-beige, with dark-brown spots and/or dark-brown vermiculate pattern, slightly conspicuous.................................................................................... H. ternetzi 2’.Ground color dark-brown or grey, with several conspicuous light- or dark-brown blotches......................... 3 3. Body covered by light-beige blotches............................. 4 3’. Body covered by dark-brown blotches.......................... 8 4. Premaxilla with eight to 14 and dentary with 10 to 16 teeth.............................................................. H. microstomus 4’. Premaxilla with more than 15 and dentary with more than 16 teeth........................................................................ 5 5. Premaxilla and dentary with 19 to 32 teeth.......................................................................................... H. margaritifer 5’. Premaxilla and dentary with more than 32 teeth........... 6 6. Premaxilla with 35 to 46, and dentary with 34 to 46 teeth; pelvic fin longer or as long as pectoral fin................................................................................... H. albopunctatus 6’. Premaxilla and dentary with more than 48 teeth; pelvic fin shorter than pectoral fin................................................. 7 7. Premaxilla with 49 to 54 and dentary with 49 to 55 teeth; mid-lateral series with 25 or 26 plates; abdomen with plates concentrated on its central portion..................................................................................... H. cf. strigaticeps 7’. Premaxilla with 65 to 110 and dentary with 65 to 132 teeth; mid-lateral series with 28 or 29 plates; abdomen completely covered by plates................................. H. regani 8. Orbit large, its diameter contained 3.9 to 5.5 in head length.................................................................................. 9 8’. Orbit small, its diameter contained 6.5 a 9.5 in head length................................................................................. 10 9. Abdomen completely covered by plates....... H. hermanni 9’. Abdomen naked or partially covered by plates......................................................................................... H. iheringii 10. Dorsal fin long, its spine length contained 2.6 to 3.4 in standard length.............................................. H. commersoni 10’. Dorsal fin short, its spine length contained 3.9 to 4.3 in standard length.......................................... H. ancistroides, Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 71, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395

Hoplias misionera Rosso, Mabragaña, González-Castro, Delpiani, Avigliano, Schenone, Días de Astarloa, 2016 Fig. 13 Body elongated; greatest depth contained 3.4 to 4.9, caudal peduncle depth 5.9 to 8.3 times in SL; head length 2.9 to 3.3, predorsal distance 1.8 to 2.1 and caudal peduncle length 7.1 to 10.0; snout length 3.4 to 4.9, horizontal orbital diameter 3.6 to 6.8 and least interorbital width 2.9 to 4.6 in HL. Mouth terminal; premaxilla with 10; dentary with 2 rows of teeth, outer row with 10 or 11 and inner row with 14- 16; maxilla with 30-49 teeth. Lateral line with 39-43 pored scales; series between lateral lines with 11-13 scale rows. Dorsal fin with 14-16, pectoral fin with 11-14, pelvic fin with 8 or 9, anal fin with 9-11 and caudal fin with 19 rays (Bifi, 2013; Rosso et al., 2016). Ground color pale brown; darkbrown longitudinal band, from opercle to caudal peduncle. Some specimens with dark-brown stripes radiating ventrally and posteriorly from orbit through infraorbitals; ventral surface of dentary with light-beige stripes alternating with dark-brown stripes. Fins dark-brown spots, forming darkbrown irregular stripes. Maximum standard length. 290.5 mm. Distribution. Río de la Plata system. Remarks. Hoplias misionera has been captured in the upper rio Paraná floodplain since 2008 by the Nupélia staff. Additionally, Bifi (2013), in a revisionary study of the H. malabaricus species group from the río de la Plata basin, provided further useful diagnostic features for this species (identified as Hoplias sp. D). Hoplias misionera is a non-native species from the upper rio Paraná, and its occurrence can be associated with the functioning of the Canal da Piracema (a fish ladder that connects the region downstream from the Itaipu Dam to the region upstream from the dam)., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 48, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Rosso JJ, Mabragana E, Gonzalez-Castro M, Delpiani MS, Avigliano E, Schenone N, Dias de Astarloa JM. A new species of the Hoplias malabaricus species complex (Characiformes: Erythrinidae) from the La Plata River basin. Cybium. 2016: 40 (3): 199 - 208.","Bifi AG. Revisao taxonomica das especies do grupo Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) (Characiformes: Erythrinidae) da bacia do rio da Prata. [PhD Thesis on the Internet]. Maringa: Universidade Estadual de Maringa; 2013 [cited 2016 Dec 08]. Available from: Biblioteca digital Universidade Estadual de Maringa. http: // nourau. uem. br / nou-rau / document /? code = vtls 000205331"]}

Rineloricaria sp. Fig. 26 Body depressed; greatest body depth contained 9.9 and head depth 12.0 times in SL; head length 4.3, predorsal distance 2.8, dorsal-fin spine length 4.8 and pelvic-fin spine length 6.1 in SL; snout length contained 2.60, horizontal orbital diameter 8.7 and least interorbital width 4.1 times in HL. Mouth inferior; pre-maxilla and dentary with 6 teeth. Mid-lateral series with 28 plates. Dorsal fin with I,7, pectoral fin with I,6, pelvic fin with i,5 and anal with 6 rays. Ground color brownish; darkbrown transverse bars on flank. Hyaline fins with few dark-brown spots, sometimes forming irregular stripes (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 93.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Upper rio Paraná basin. Remarks. Rineloricaria sp. is distinguished from the other two species from the upper rio Paraná, R. latirostris (Boulenger, 1900) and R. pentamaculata Langeani, Araújo, 1994, by having conspicuous dark-brown spots and vermiculations on the head. Additionally, it is distinguished from R. pentamaculata by the absence of a naked area on the lateral corner of the snout (vs. presence; see Langeani, Araújo, 1994, fig. 2) and by a more acute snout. From R. latirostris (sensu Langeani, Araújo, 1994), by having five thin, dark-brown transversal stripes on the dorsal portion of the body (vs. six, of which the third and the fourth or the fifth and the sixth may be fused to varying degrees, but in such case always forming a broad bar)., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 79, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64.","Langeani F, Araujo RB. O genero Rineloricaria Bleeker, 1862 (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes) na bacia do rio Parana superior: Rineloricaria pentamaculata sp. n. e Rineloricaria latirostris (Boulenger, 1900) Com Mus Cien PUCRS. 1994; 7: 151 - 66."]}

Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (Steindachner, 1907) Fig. 8 Body deep; greatest depth contained 2.4 to 2.8 and caudal peduncle depth 8.0 to 9.2 times in SL; head length 3.7 to 3.9, predorsal distance 1.7 to 1.9 and caudal peduncle length 11.8 to 13.0 in SL; snout length 2.9 to 3.7, horizontal orbital diameter 2.4 to 3.0 and least interorbital width 2.3 to 2.9 in HL. Mouth terminal; inner row of premaxilla with 5 teeth, outer with 4-5, dentary with 9-11 and maxilla with 1-2 teeth. Lateral line incomplete, with 7-11 pored scales; longitudinal series with 25-29 scales; transverse series above lateral line with 4 scale rows and below with 3 scale rows. Dorsal fin with 10-11, pectoral fin with 14-15, pelvic fin with 9, anal fin with 24 to 26 and caudal fin with 19 rays (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Ground color silvery; superior portion of eye red; darkbrown chromatophores concentrated on distal margin of scales conferring reticulated pattern to body; one darkbrown humeral spot; anterior half of caudal peduncle with light-beige area. Yellowish fins; posterior portion of caudal peduncle and proximal third of caudal fin with conspicuous black transverse bar occupying their whole depth. Maximum standard length. 54.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Rio Parnaíba, rio São Francisco and río de la Plata basins., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 32, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}

Hyphessobrycon moniliger Moreira, Lima, Costa, 2002 Fig. 8 Body moderately deep; greatest depth contained 2.6 to 3.2 and caudal peduncle depth 8.2 to 10.9 times in SL; head length 3.0 to 3.6, predorsal distance 1.7 to 2.0 and caudal peduncle length 6.1 to 10.3 in SL; snout length 3.4 to 4.9, horizontal orbital diameter 2.1 to 2.8 and least interorbital width 3.0 to 3.7 in HL. Mouth terminal; inner row of premaxilla with 5, rarely 6 teeth, outer row with 2-5, dentary with up to 12 and maxilla with 3 teeth. Lateral line incomplete, with 6-8 pored scales; longitudinal series with 27-35; transverse series above lateral line with 7 or 8 scale rows and below with 4-5 scale rows. Dorsal fin with 11 rays, pectoral fin with 11-14 rays, pelvic fin with 8 rays, anal fin with 26-30 rays and caudal fin with 19 rays (Moreira et al., 2002). Ground color pale brown; one humeral spot (Teixeira et al., 2015); dark-brown longitudinal stripe on flank, continuous with caudal peduncle blotch; dark-brown caudal peduncle blotch triangle-shaped in females and juveniles, rectangular in males; hyaline fins. Maximum standard length. 27.0 mm. Biological data. Anal fin of mature males with an anterior lobe and convex outline and proximal portion of the lobed rays with a projection, anterodorsally oriented; females with concave outline (Moreira et al., 2002). Distribution. Middle rio Araguaia, rio Tocantins, rio Tapajós and upper rio Paraná basins. Remarks. Hyphessobrycon moniliger has been captured in upper rio Paraná floodplain since 2013 by the Nupélia staff. Hyphessobrycon moniliger is a non-native species from the upper rio Paraná basin, probably introduced from the rio Tocantins-Araguaia basin., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 29, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Moreira CR, Lima FCT, Costa WJEM. Hyphessobrycon moniliger, a new characid fish from rio Tocantins basin, Central Brazil (Ostariophysi: Characiformes). Ichthyol Explor Freshw. 2002; 13 (1): 73 - 80.","Teixeira TF, Netto-Ferreira AL, Birindelli JLO, Sousa LM. Two new species of Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) from the headwaters of the Tapajos and Xingu River basins, Para, Brazil. J Fish Biol. 2015; 88 (2): 459 - 76."]}

Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836) Fig. 14 Body deep; greatest body depth contained 2.2 to 3.3 and caudal peduncle depth 10.7 to 14.6 times in SL; head length 2.7 to 4.3, predorsal distance 1.9 to 2.4 and caudal peduncle length 10.6 to 15.6 in SL; snout length 2.1 to 3.1, horizontal orbital diameter 3.3 to 6.6 and least interorbital width 1.7 to 2.1 in HL. Mouth terminal, with broad lips; upper lip with 95 teeth in the outer series, 13- 25 in the inner series, lower lip with 75 teeth in the outer series, 9-10 in the inner series, maxilla toothless. Lateral line complete, with 44-50 pored scales; transverse series above lateral line with 7-10 scale rows and below with 6-9 scale rows. Dorsal fin with 12-13, pectoral fin with 14-19, pelvic fin with 8-9, anal fin with 10-12 and caudal fin with 19 rays (Castro, Vari, 2004b). Ground color silvery, darker dorsally. Dorsal fin pale grey; pelvic fin reddish-yellow; remaining fins dark-gray (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 542.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Paraná-Paraguay system and rio Paraíba do Sul basin., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 51, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Castro RMC, Vari RP. Detritivores of South American fish family Prochilodontidae (Teleostei; Ostariophysi: Characiformes): a phylogenetic and revisionary study. Washington (DC): Smithsonian Institution Press; 2004 b. (Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology; no. 622).","Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}

Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875) Fig. 7 Body deep; greatest depth contained 1.8 to 2.9 and caudal peduncle depth 6.6 to 10.1 times in SL; head length 3.0 to 4.4, predorsal distance 1.6 to 2.4 and caudal peduncle length 7.8 to 8.4 in SL; snout length 3.2 to 4.1, horizontal orbital diameter 2.3 to 4.7 and least interorbital width 1.9 to 3.3 in HL. Mouth terminal; inner row of premaxilla with 5 teeth, outer with 4 or 5, dentary with 8-16, and no maxillary teeth. Lateral line complete, with 33-41 pored scales; transverse series above lateral line with 6 to 8 scale rows and below with 4-8 scale rows. Dorsal fin with 12, pectoral fin with 12 or 13, pelvic fin with 8 or 9, anal fin with 22-34, and caudal fin with 19. Ground color silvery; one black rounded humeral blotch followed by another vertically elongated humeral blotch; silvery longitudinal band on flank (brown or grey in fixed specimens), from humeral blotch to median caudal-fin rays, larger on caudal peduncle, forming oval-shaped, horizontally elongated, blotch. Yellowish fins (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 129.2 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Río de la Plata basin, Laguna dos Patos and rio Tramandaí drainages, rio São Francisco (Lucena, Soares, 2016) and, according to Garutti, Langeani (2009), rio Tocantins-Araguaia basins. Remarks. Astyanax lacustris was identified as A. altiparanae by Graça, Pavanelli (2007). Lucena, Soares (2016), in a revisionary study of some species in the Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) group from Southern Neotropical river basins, proposed the new synonym., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on pages 26-27, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64.","Lucena CAS, Soares HG. Review of species of the Astyanax bimaculatus \" caudal peduncle spot \" subgroup sensu Garutti & Langeani (Characiformes, Characidae) from the rio La Plata and rio Sao Francisco drainages and coastal systems of southern Brazil and Uruguay. Zootaxa. 2016; 4072 (1): 101 - 25.","Garutti V, Langeani F. Redescription of Astyanax goyacensis Eigenmann, 1908 (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae). Neotrop Ichthyol. 2009; 7 (3): 371 - 76."]}

Aphyocharax anisitsi Eigenmann, Kennedy, 1903 Fig. 9 Body elongate; greatest depth contained 3.1 to 4.4 and caudal peduncle depth 7.6 to 11.9 times in SL; head length 3.1 to 4.0, predorsal distance 1.7 to 2.0 and caudal peduncle length 7.3 to 7.5 in SL; snout length 3 to 4.7, horizontal orbital diameter 2.5 to 3.2 and least interorbital width 2.6 to 4.5 in HL. Mouth terminal; premaxilla with 4-8 teeth, dentary with 7 to 14, and maxilla with 1 to 4 teeth. Lateral line incomplete, with 7-10 pored scales; longitudinal series with 30-34 scales; transverse series above lateral line with 4-5 scale rows and below with 3½-5 scale rows. Dorsal fin with 9-11, pectoral fin with 9-12, pelvic fin with 6-8, anal fin with 18-23, and caudal fin with 19 rays (Lima, 2003). Ground color silvery; no black marks on body and fins. Reddish fins, except dorsal and adipose (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 49.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Río Paraná basin., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 34, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Lima RS. Revisao taxonomica do genero Aphyochara x Gunther, 1868 (Aphyocharacinae, Characidae, Ostariophysi). [PhD Thesis]. Sao Paulo, SP: Universidade de Sao Paulo; 2003.","Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}

Paravandellia oxyptera Miranda-Ribeiro, 1912 Fig. 31 Body elongated; greatest depth contained 10.8 to 11.9 times in SL; head length 4.8 to 5.1 and predorsal distance 1.4 to 1.6 in SL; snout length 2.5 to 2.9, horizontal orbital diameter 3.6 to 3.9 and least interorbital width 7.0 to 7.2 in HL. Mouth inferior; premaxilla and dentary with several small teeth, sometimes covered by skin. Dorsal fin with 12, pectoral fin with 7, pelvic fin with 5 or 6 and anal fin with 9 or 10 rays. Ground color whitish to pale yellow; dark-brown longitudinal band, from opercle to vertical through pelvicfin origin. Hyaline fins (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 27.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Río de la Plata basin., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 89, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}

Scoloplax empousa Schaefer, Weitzman, Britski, 1989 Fig. 31 Body depressed anteriorly, compressed posteriorly; greatest depth contained 5.7 to 6.8 times in SL; head length 3.7 to 4.2, pectoral fin length 4.0 to 4.2 and pelvic fin length 4.7 to 5.5 in SL; snout length 3.4 to 5.1 and least interorbital width 2.9 to 3.6 in HL. Mouth inferior, premaxilla and dentary with several small teeth. Dorsal fin with I,4, pectoral fin with I,5, pelvic fin with I,3 or 4 and anal fin with 6 rays (Britski et al., 2007). Ground color dark-brown, darker dorsally, lighter ventrally. Caudal-fin base with dark-brown blotch, followed by light-beige area alternating with dark-brown area; pelvic fin with dark-brown spots; dorsal, pectoral and anal fins irregularly spotted, with light-beige areas alternating with dark-brown areas (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 24.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Amazon basin and Paraná-Paraguay system., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 89, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Britski HA, Silimon KZS, Lopes BS. Peixes do Pantanal: manual de identificacao. Brasilia, DF: Embrapa Pantanal; 2007.","Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}

Cichla piquiti Kullander, Ferreira, 2006 Fig. 33 Body deep; greatest depth contained 3.4 to 3.5, head depth 2.8 to 3.1 and caudal peduncle depth 9.1 to 9.5 times in SL; head length 3.1 to 3.3 and caudal peduncle length 6.9 to 7.4; snout length 2.7 to 2.8, dentary length 2.0 to 2.1, horizontal orbital diameter 4.7 to 4.8 and least interorbital width 4.2 to 4.3 in HL. Mouth terminal; premaxilla with 2 or 3 and dentary with 3 or 4 teeth rows. Upper lateral line with 89-98 pored scales, lower lateral line with 58- 65 pored scales and longitudinal series with 87-93 scales. Transversal series above upper lateral with 13-15 and below lower lateral line with 20-25 scale rows. Dorsal fin with XIV-XVI,16-18, pectoral fin with 14-16, pelvic fin with I,6 and anal fin with II-III,9-11 rays. Ground color greyish-blue; six or more dark-brown transverse bars; several light-beige irregular spots on body; dark-brown rounded ocelli, with yellow or white margins, on caudalfin base. Brown or grey fins; dorsal fin with white scattered spots (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 280.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Rio Tocantins-Araguaia basin. Remarks. Cichla piquiti is a non-native species from the upper rio Paraná and its occurence can be associated with escapes from recreational angling ponds., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 93, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}

Crenicichla britskii Kullander, 1982 Fig. 34 Body deep; greatest depth contained 3.2 to 3.9, head depth 5.0 to 5.5 and caudal peduncle depth 7.1 to 8.1 times in SL; head length 2.9 to 3.1 and caudal peduncle length 7.8 to 8.3 in SL; snout length 1.5 to 2.3, horizontal orbital diameter 3.0 to 4.2 and least interorbital width 3.5 to 4.0 in HL. Mouth terminal; premaxilla and dentary with arranged in several teeth rows. Upper lateral line with 20-22 pored scales, lower lateral line with 7-9 pored scales and longitudinal series with 33-40 scales. Transversal series above upper lateral with 3 to 4½ and below lower lateral line with 7-9 scale rows. Dorsal fin with XVI,14- 16, pectoral fin with 14 or 15, pelvic fin with I,5 and anal fin with III,9-11 rays (Kullander, 1982b). Ground color greyish to greenish; dorsum with dark-brown transverse bars; dark-grey suborbital stripe; dark-brown discontinuous longitudinal band, sometimes inconspicuous, from snout to caudal peduncle; black rounded humeral blotch; black rounded ocelli on caudalfin base. Dorsal, anal and caudal fins with white spots; pectoral and pelvic fins yellowish or hyaline (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 176.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Upper río Paraná basin., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 94, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Kullander SO. Cichlid fishes from the La Plata basin. Part II. Apistogramma commbrae (Regan, 1906) (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Rev Suisse Zool. 1982 a; 89 (1): 33 - 48.","Kullander SO. Cichlid fishes from the La Plata basin. Part III. The Crenicichla lepidota species group (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Rev Suisse Zool. 1982 b; 89 (3): 627 - 61.","Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}

Bryconamericus 1. Greatest body depth contained 2.7 to 2.9 times in standard lenght; teeth in the outer premaxillary series forming a regular arch.................................. B. aff. iheringii 1’. Greatest body depth contained 3.3 to 4.2 times in standard lenght; teeth in the outer premaxillary series irregularly arranged............................................................. 2 2. Distal portion of caudal-fin lobes black; dorsal and anal fins completely hyaline; mature males with bony hooks on the anal- and pelvic-fin rays; 2-3 maxillary teeth................. ............................................................................... B. exodon 2’. Distal portion of caudal-fin lobes hyaline; middle portion of the dorsal- and anal-fin rays dusky; bony hooks always absent on the anal- and pelvic-fin rays; 2-5 maxillary teeth...................................................... B. turiuba

Megaleporinus piavussu (Britski, Birindelli, Garavello, 2012) Fig. 5 Body elongated; greatest depth contained 2.8 to 3.5, caudal peduncle depth 7.9 to 9.1 times in SL; head length 3.5 to 4.7, predorsal distance 2.0 to 2.2, caudal peduncle length 7.5 to 8.7 in SL; snout length 2.1 to 2.7, horizontal orbital diameter 3.7 to 5.1 and least interorbital width 1.9 to 2.4. Mouth subterminal; premaxilla and dentary with 3 teeth, no maxillary teeth. Lateral line with 41-44 pored scales; transverse series above lateral line with 6 or 7 scale rows and below with 5 or 6 scale rows. Dorsal fin with 11 or 12, pectoral fin with 15-19, pelvic fin with 9 and caudal fin with 19 rays (Britski et al., 2012). Ground color silvery; three dark-brown rounded blotches over lateral line. Dorsal fin whitish; pectoral, pelvic, anal and caudal fins yellowish. Maximum standard length. 410.0 mm. Distribution. Upper rio Paraná basin. Remarks. Megaleporinus piavussu was identified as L. obtusidens by Graça, Pavanelli (2007). Ramirez et al. (2016) described the new genus, Megaleporinus, and proposed the new combination. Britski et al. (2012) redescribed M. obtusidens and described the new species, M. piavussu (under Leporinus) from the upper rio Paraná basin. Megaleporinus piavussu can be distinguished by having 39 or 40, rarely 41, pored scales in the lateral line, and mouth terminal, except in some large adults with somewhat subterminal mouth (vs. 41 to 43, rarely 44 in M. obtusidens, and mouth directed somewhat or entirely downward in M. obtusidens). The epithet piavussu is similar to the common name of M. macrocephalus “ piavuçu, piaussu ”, but these are different species and should not be confused., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 22, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Britski HA, Birindelli JLO, Garavello JC. A new species of Leporinus Agassiz, 1829 from the upper rio Parana basin (Characiformes, Anostomidae) with redescription of L. elongatus Valenciennes, 1850 and L. obtusidens (Valenciennes, 1837). Pap Avulsos Zool. 2012; 52 (37): 441 - 75.","Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}

Ageneiosus 1. Caudal fin truncate; body deep, its depth contained 4.5 to 5 times in standard length................................. A. inermis 1’. Caudal fin bifurcate; body elongated, its depth contained 5.7 to 7.5 times in standard length...................... 2 2. Dorsum with a black longitudinal band, sometimes interrupted by light-beige irregular blotches; mouth cleft inverted U-shaped in ventral view...................... A. militaris 2’. Dorsum uniformly dark-grey; mouth cleft inverted V-shaped in ventral view................................ A. ucayalensis, Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 60, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395

Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope, 1870) Fig. 15 Body deep; greatest depth contained 1.3 to 1.5 and caudal peduncle depth 9.2 to 9.6 times in SL; head length 3.7 to 3.8, predorsal distance 1.4 to 1.6 and caudal peduncle length 17.4 to 20.0 in SL; snout length 2.6 to 3.6, horizontal orbital diameter 2.2 to 2.9 and least interorbital width 2.3 to 2.6 in HL. Mouth terminal; inner row of premaxilla with 4, outer row with 2; inner dentary row with 1, outer with 4; maxilla toothless. Lateral line complete, with 82-84 pored scales; transverse series above lateral line with 30-43 scale rows and below with 36-38 scale rows. Ventral keel with 30-33 simple spines, plus 3-5 slighlty bufurcate spines. Dorsal fin with 15-16, pectoral fin with 14-16, pelvic fin with 7, anal fin with 24-27, and caudal fin with 19 rays. Ground color silvery; black rounded humeral spot with diffuse limits; several deep-lying black spots over body; during reproductive period, several patches or stripes of red pigmentation appear mainly on ventral portion of body. Pectoral fin red, pelvic fin black in males and red in females; dorsal fin with black blotch and sparse patches of red pigmentation; anal fin hyaline; caudal fin hyaline, except for dark-grey margin (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 170.2 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Drainages of Venezuela and French Guiana, Amazon basin, drainages of Northeastern Brasil, rio São Francisco and upper rio Paraná basins (Ota, 2015). Remarks. Metynnis lippincottianus is a possible non-native species from the upper rio Paraná, and its occurrence can be associated with the releasing of specimens for restocking, or with the aquarium trade (Ota, 2015)., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 51, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64.","Ota RP, Lima FCT, Pavanelli CS. A new species of Hemigrammus Gill, 1858 (Characiformes: Characidae) from the central and western Amazon and rio Parana-Paraguai basins. Zootaxa. 2015; 3948 (2): 218 - 32."]}

Gymnotus sylvius Albert, Fernandes-Matioli, 1999 Fig. 16 Body elongated and compressed; greatest depth contained 7.0 to 9.3 times in TL; head length 7.1 to 8.2, anal-fin base length 1.2 in LEA; snout length 3.0 to 3.3, horizontal orbital diameter 12,8 to 14.0 and least interorbital width 2.6 to 2.7 in HL. Mouth superior, dentary prognathous. Pectoral fin with 15 or 16 rays and anal fin with 220-228 rays; transverse series above lateral line with 8 or 9 scale rows (Albert et al., 1999). Ground color pale brown; body with light-beige transverse bars alternating with dark-brown transverse bars; light-beige bars wider than dark-brown bars. Anal fin with posterior portion light-beige (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum total length. 360.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Rio Ribeira de Iguape, rio Paraíba do Sul and rio Pardo basins., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 57, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Albert JS, Fernandes-Matioli FMC, Almeida-Toledo LF. New species of Gymnotus (Gymnotiformes, Teleostei) from southeastern Brazil: toward the deconstruction of Gymnotus carapo. Copeia. 1999; (2): 410 - 21.","Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}

Trachydoras paraguayensis (Eigenmann, Ward, 1907) Fig. 20 Body deep; greatest body depth contained 2.7 to 3.1, head length 3.3 to 3.8 times in SL; snout length contained 1.9 to 2.2, horizontal orbital diameter 2.5 to 3.1 and least interorbital width 2.2 to 2.8 times in HL; orbital diameter contained 1.0 to 1.3 times in interorbital width. Mouth subterminal; with dentigerous plates in both premaxilla and dentary. Lateral line with 28-30 plates. Dorsal fin with I,6, pectoral fin with I,7, pelvic fin with 7 and anal fin with 12- 14 rays. Ground color greyish dorsally, whitish to yellowish ventrally. Hyaline or light-beige fins; caudal fin with darkgrey oblique stripe on each lobe (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 150.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Paraná-Paraguay system. Remarks. Trachydoras paraguayensis is a non-native species from the upper rio Paraná, and its occurrence can be associated with the filling of the Itaipu Reservoir and the consequent inundation of the Sete Quedas Falls., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 67, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}

Pyrrhulina australis Eigenmann, Kennedy, 1903 Fig. 14 Body elongated; greatest body depth contained 4.3 to 4.6 and caudal peduncle depth 7.6 to 10.0 times in SL; head length 3.7 to 4.1, predorsal distance 1.5 to 1.7 and caudal peduncle length 5.5 to 6.3 in SL; snout length 3.1 to 3.7, horizontal orbital diameter 2.6 to 2.9 and least interorbital width 2.6 to 2.7 in HL. Mouth terminal; inner row of premaxilla with 9-12, outer row with 4-6, inner row of dentary with 8-12, outer row with 4-5 and maxilla with 1 or 2 teeth. Longitudinal series with 20-25 scales; transverse series with 6-8 scale rows. Dorsal fin with 9 or 10, pectoral fin with 11 or 12, pelvic fin with 9 or 10, anal fin with 10 or 11 and caudal fin with 19 rays. Ground color pale brown; darkbrown longitunal stripe, from anterior portion of dentary, through orbit, to opercle. Yellowish fins; black irregular blotch on dorsal fin. Some specimens can present few or several black blotches on body (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 33.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Río de la Plata and rio Guaporé basins., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 49, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}