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Saline rivers are highly productive ecosystems in arid regions. The meiobenthic community (bottom meiofauna) and its dominant representatives are one of the least studied components of these aquatic ecosystems. Ostracods Cyprideis torosa and Heterocypris salina are major consumers among the species of bottom meiofauna in saline rivers flowing into the hyperhaline Lake Elton (Volgograd Region, Russia). We estimated the abundance, biomass and production of C. torosa, the dominant species at the mouth of the polyhaline Chernavka River (average salinity is ~30 g l(-1)), and H. salina, the dominant species at the mouth of the mesohaline Bolshaya Samoroda River (~13 g l(-1)), in spring (May) and summer (August). Additionally, we studied the composition and content of fatty acids of the ostracods and their potential food sources (bottom sediments with bacterial-algal mats). We found that the abundance and biomass (wet weight with shells) of C. torosa in the Chernavka River and H. salina in the Bolshaya Samoroda River reached 3.5 × 10(6) ind. m(-2) and 117 g m(-2), and 1.1 × 10(5) ind. m(-2) and 12 g m(-2), respectively. The first species formed on average about 85% of the total abundance and 96% of the total biomass of the meiobenthos, and the second one, about 13% and 31%, respectively. The daily production of C. torosa and H. salina can reach 249 and 36 mg m(-2) ash-free dry weight, respectively. The results indicate that these species may play an important role in the total flow of matter and energy in the studied habitats. Based on the fatty acid (FA) composition of the ostracods and their food sources, it was found that C. torosa mainly consumed diatoms, while H. salina preferred bacteria, cyanobacteria, and green algae. Differences between the species were greater than differences between the bottom sediments from the rivers. It may mean that the ostracods selectively consumed different food items that may be related to the different nutrient requirements of the species. Seasonal changes in the FA compositions of the ostracods were higher than in their food sources (bottom sediments), which also indicates selective feeding of the species.

Palpomyia schmidti (Goetghebuer, 1934) Palpomyia schmidti Goetghebuer, 1934 a: 36 (Iraq, female) (5 March 1934); Szadziewski et al. 2009: 195 (Iraq, female redescribed, male diagnosed, figs, syn. P. miki). Palpomyia miki Goetghebuer, 1934 b: 91 (Hungary, female, fig. total habitus) (20 April 1934); Remm 1976: 175 (Russia, female, male, figs); Del��colle et al. 1997: 342 (Spain, female, figs). Diagnosis. The only species in the genus with a triangular gonocoxite and totally separated parameres in the male genitalia, femora and tibiae armed with dark spine-like bristles. Females can be separated from other Palaearctic congeners in that they have simple claws, all femora armed with ventral spines, mid and hind tibiae with dorsal spine-like bristles, basitarsus of midleg with some median spines. Larvae: head relatively broad; collar of the head capsule with a triangular ventral expansion; a long epicranial suture (ES), reaching the level of seta q; a dorsal paired comb of the epipharynx with long, slender teeth. Pupae: dorsal apotome with 1 pair of setae and 1 pair of sensory pits (sensilla campaniformia); numerous spiracles arranged in a horseshoe shape, occupying the distal half of the respiratory horn. Description. Female. Head yellowish. Eyes broadly separate, vertex with strong setae (Fig. 2 A). Antennal flagellum 0.90 mm long, AR 0.84���0.86. Proximal flagellomeres subcylindrical, distal cylindrical (Fig. 2 B). Palpus 5 -segmented, third palpal segment stout, 0.11 mm long. Mandible with 7 stout teeth (Fig. 2 A). Scutum yellowish with brown longitudinal stripes, scutellum yellow, postscutellum dark brown (Fig. 2 C). Scutum without anterior tubercle, with numerous simple setae. Scutellum bearing 9���10 bristles and numerous small setae. Paratergite broad, bare. Anterior anepisternum with a group of 7���8 setae. Katepisternum dark and bare. Wing without pattern (Fig. 2 D), length 2.10���2.90 mm, CR 0.71���0.78. Second radial cell about twice as long as first one. Base of vein M 2 proximal to vein M 1. Legs yellow with darker coxae and distal tarsomeres. Lateral surface of coxae with some setae. All femora armed with ventral spines (Fig. 2 C). Fore femur enlarged with 6���18 ventral spines, mid femur slender with 1���4 spines and hind femur with 1���3 ventral spines. All tibiae armed with strong dark dorsal bristlelike spines. Fore tibia with 1 anterior spine, mid tibia with 4���10 spines and hind tibia with 12���16 dark spines. Tibial comb with 6���7 pale spines. First tarsal segment of foreleg armed with 2 apical spines, that of midleg with 2 basal, 5���6 median and 2 apical spines, hindleg with 5 dark spines, palisade setae in one row. Fourth tarsomere subcylindrical. Tarsal ratio of foreleg TR (I) 1.6���1.8, midleg TR (II) 1.9���2.2, hindleg TR (III) 1.8 ���2.0. Claws almost equal, simple, without internal basal tooth. Abdomen yellow with brownish triangles on tergites. Two pairs of apodemes of eversible sacs present. Seminal capsules ovoid, unequal, with distinct necks, length 0.08���0.11 mm, and 0.06���0.08 mm (Fig. 2 E). Male. Similar to female with the usual sexual differences. Eyes broadly separate. Flagellum 0.765 mm long, with greatly reduced plume, all flagellomeres cylindrical, terminal three slightly elongate (Fig. 3 A). Proportions of flagellomeres as follows: 40 - 15 - 15 - 15-16 - 15 - 15 - 14-16 - 16-20 - 25-35. Third palpal segment stout, 0.037-0.045 mm long, with some sensilla capitata on surface. Wing length 1.60���1.75 mm, CR 0.73���0.75. Tibial comb with 7���8 spines, hind tibial spur short. Tarsal ratio TR (I) 1.9, TR (II) 2.5���2.6, TR (III) 1.8 ���2.0. Genitalia as in Fig. 3. Sternite 9 with broad caudomedian excavation. Tergite 9 elongate, with broad cerci. Gonocoxite stout, as long as broad, with long triangular internal extension Fig. 3 C). Gonostylus stout, evenly bent, with pointed dark apical portion Fig. 3 D). Aedeagus stout, scutiform and covered with short spiculae; basal arch high; apex with evenly rounded cap (Fig. 3 E). Parameres separate, apex distinctly expanded, bulbous (Fig. 3 F). Pupa. Body pale brown (Fig. 4). Length: female 4.3���6.6 mm; male 4.9���5.5 mm. Respiratory horn (Fig. 5 C) slender, about 3.8���4.1 times longer than broad, surface bare, distal half with about 40 spiracles in one horseshoelike row, length 0.40���0.46 mm in male, 0.460��� 0.510 mm in female. Dorsal apotome (operculum) (Fig. 5 B) 1.0��� 1.3 times as long as greatest width, covered with small tubercles, posterior margin pointed; anterolateral tubercle bearing single long seta and single sensory pit (campaniform sensillum). Antennae short, ventrally wings separated by legs (Fig. 5 A). Caudomedian expansion of mesothorax indistinct, evenly rounded (Fig. 4 B). Metathorax slender, distinctly emarginated, with single pair of sensilla campaniformia (M- 3 -T) (Fig. 5 D). Abdominal segments with scattered small spinules. Tergites 1���7 with medial area displaying 1 longitudinal stripe and 2 darker spots (Fig. 4 B). First abdominal tergite with 3 groups of setae on lateral surface (Fig. 5 D); anterodorsal group including 2 setae and 1 sensory pit (campaniform sensillum), posterodorsal group with 2 setae and 1 sensory pit; lateral group composed of 3 setae. Dorsal surface of fourth abdominal segment with setae and sensory pits as in Fig. 5 E. Dorsal seta D- 2 on rounded pale spot. Ventral surface only with two groups of 3 small setae (V-5,6,7). Abdominal segment 9 without setae, but with 2 dorsal sensilla campaniformia (D-5, 6) on apicolateral processus. Apicolateral processes of terminal abdominal segment 9 highly variable, long or short, covered with spinules or bare, slightly to greatly divergent (Figs. 5 F,G). In females apicolateral processes (Fig. 5 F) more divergent than in males (Fig. 5 G). Larva. IV instar (Figs. 6, 7). Body slender (Fig. 6 A), total length to 11���12 mm. Head capsule pale brown, slightly conical, 1.925 as long as broad (HR), subgenal ratio (SGR) 1.951. Collar narrow, brownish; on ventral surface with distinct triangular extension (Fig. 7). Epicranial suture moderately long, reaching level of seta q (Fig. 7 A, C). Sensory pits (sensilla campaniformia) r, k, z, j indistinct. Setae s, u, o, x forked. Labrum slightly elongate, almost square with sensory organs typical of the subfamily; messors slightly sclerotized, hook-shaped. Mandible slender, hook-like, with double hook at midlength; fossa mandibularis distinct (Fig. 6 G, H). Labium triangular with distinctly pointed apex (Fig. 6 E). Hypostoma broad, slightly arched, smooth (Fig. 6 E). Hypopharynx elongate, slightly sclerotized, hypopharyngeal fringe indistinct (Fig. 6 E, F). Epipharynx with single, dorsal comb armed with 24���26 teeth on its posterior margin (Fig. 6 H), 0.068���0.075 mm wide. Neck or cervix distinct, about 7 times shorter than prothorax (Fig. 6 B). Body segments moderately elongate, second thoracic segments 1.0��� 1.4 times longer than broad, abdominal segments about 1.5 times longer than broad. Anal segment slender, 3.3 times longer than broad; apex with group of 2 short outer and 2 long inner setae on dorsal and ventral surfaces (Fig. 6 C, D); 2 dorsal and 2 ventral short caudal setae, in addition 2 lateral setae at level of shorter dorsal/ventral setae and 2 before mid-length of segment present (Fig. 6 C). Distribution and ecology. The species is halobiontic and represents the meridional faunal element in the Palaearctic Region (Szadziewski 1985) or the Saharo-Arabian element (Alwin-Kownacka et al. 2016). It was usually collected on rivers in steppes and deserts (Remm 1976). It has been reported from Iraq (Goetghebuer 1934 a), Hungary (Goetghebuer, 1934 b), Spain (Del��colle et al. 1997), Slovakia (Tothova & Knoz 2006), Ukraine (Crimea), Russia (Rostov, southern Siberia), Azerbaijan, Tadjikistan, Kazakhstan, Iran, southern Siberia and Mongolia (Remm 1976, 1988). We are unable to confirm Remm���s (1976, 1988) reports of the species from northern China. Larvae of P. schmidti were observed in black and grey sandy mud, often with plant debris in the Rivers Chernavka, Solyanka, Lantsug, Khara and Bolshaya Samoroda, which flow into Lake Elton (Figs 1 B, C). They were also observed among dense filamentous algae and Enteromorpha intestinalis. Larvae were collected at depths of 0.03���0.8 m, where the water was flowing at 0.01���0.4 m s - 1. They live in riverine waters with salinities of 5.8��� 31.7 g l - 1, dissolved oxygen concentrations of 2.3 ���35.0 mg l - 1 and pH levels of 6.5���9.4. These larvae were also found at the bottom of Lake Elton, where the salinity was 112.5 g l - 1. In the Chernavka, larvae of P. schmidti occurred together with Cricotopus (Cricotopus) salinophilus Zinchenko, Makarchenko & Makarchenko, 2009 and Chironomus salinarius Kieffer, 1915. Under laboratory conditions, mature larvae pupated within 1���2 days. The pupal stage lasted 3 days. In the aquarium pupae floated on the water surface. Among the emerging adults, females were distinctly predominant over males, with a percentage ratio of 85: 15 in favour of the former. Larval and pupal mortality in the laboratory was less than 5 %, a very low figure. The abundance of 48 0 0 0 ind./m - 2 recorded in the Chernavka (28 May 2015) is probably a maximum value for populations of larvae of this species in saline rivers. The average abundance and biomass were much higher in the highly saline Chernavka and Solyanka (17.17���31.7 g l - 1) than in the less saline Khara, Lantsug and B. Samoroda (3.97���21.6 g l - 1). The theoretical ecological salinity optimum for the halobiontic larvae of P. schmidti is 31.7 g l - 1, with the tolerance interval varying from 20.76 to 33.14 g l - 1 (unpublished data)., Published as part of Szadziewski, Ryszard, Golovatyuk, Larisa V., Sontag, El��bieta, Urbanek, Aleksandra & Zinchenko, Tatiana D., 2016, All stages of the Palaearctic predaceous midge Palpomyia schmidti Goetghebuer, 1934 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 85-94 in Zootaxa 4137 (1) on pages 86-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4137.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/266674, {"references":["Goetghebuer, M. (1934 a) Zur Erforschung des Persischen Golfes (Beitrag Nr. 15). Ceratopogonidae et Chironomidae. Arbeiten uber morphologische und taxonomische Entomologie, 1, 36 - 39.","Szadziewski, R., Dominiak, P. & Lewanczyk, A. (2009) Redescriptions of Atrichopogon horni Kieffer, 1925 from Sri Lanka and Palpomyia schmidti Goetghebuer, 1934 from Iraq (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Polish Journal of Entomology, 78, 193 - 199.","Goetghebuer, M. (1934 b) Heleidae (Ceratopogonidae). In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der palearktischen Region, 3 (2), pp. 49 - 94. [Lfg. 78, Stuttgart]","Remm, H. (1976) A synopsis of the Palpomyia of the USSR (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Juures Asuva Eesti Looduseuurija Seltsi Aastaraamat, 64, 172 - 197.","Delecolle, J. - C., Blasco-Zumeta, J. & Rieb, J. - P. (1997) Nouvelle contribution a l'etude des Ceratopogonides d'Espagne. Description de Homohelea iberica n. sp., et redescription de Palpomyia miki Goetghebuer, 1934 et de Culicoides brevifrontis Smatov & Isimbekov, 1971 (Diptera, Nematocera). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, New Series, 14, 337 - 351.","Szadziewski, R. (1985) Przeglad faunistyczny krajowych kuczmanow z rodzaju Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Polish Journal of Entomology, 55, 283 - 341.","Alwin-Kownacka, A., Szadziewski, R. & Szwedo, J. (2016) Biting midges of the tribe Ceratopogonini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Middle East, with keys and descriptions of new species. Zootaxa, 4079 (5), 551 - 572. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4079.5.3","Tothova, A. & Knoz, J. (2006) Ceratopogonidae Newman, 1834. In: Jedlicka, L., Stloukalova, V. & Kudela, M. (Eds.), Checklist of Diptera of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Electronic version 1. Available from: http: // zoology. fns. uniba. sk / diptera (accessed 14 June 2016)","Remm, H. (1988) Ceratopogonidae. In: Soos, A. & Papp, L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 3. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 11 - 110."]}

Chironomus salinarius Kieffer, 1915 (Figs 2���18) Chironomus salinarius Kieffer in Thienemann, 1915: 451; Goetghebuer (1928: 62); Thienemann, Strenzke (1951: 15); Strenzke (1959: 22, fig. 11); Keyl & Keyl (1959: 1); Keyl (1962: 464); Linevich & Erbaeva (1971: 156, figs 73���80); Michailova (1973: 348), (1980: 141), (1989: 108); Pinder (1978: 114, fig. 145 D); Sasa (1978: 20, figs 57���63); Grinchuk (1979: 44), (1984: 751); Pankratova (1983: 139); Ali & Majori (1984: 17); Webb & Scholl (1985: 353); Webb, Scholl & Ryser (1985: 373); Ceretti et al. (1987: 289); Chun (1989: 37); Yoon & Chun (1992: 1); Ali et al. (1994: 35); Drake & Arias (1995: 195); Sasa (1996: 94, fig. 8); Mirabdullayev et al. (2004: 101); Suemoto et al. (2004: 107); Fuentes et al. (2005: 289); Kim et al. (2005: 21); Ree & Yum (2006: 63, fig. 1); Gascon et al. (2007: 419); Ponti et al. (2007: 79); Marchini et al. (2008: 1076); Cartier et al. (2010: 637); Istomina et al. (2012: 55, figs 16���21); Kasatkina & Shubin (2012: 95). Material. Male, pupa, larva, Russia, Volgograd region, the Lake Elton basin, the Chernavka River, 29.VI. 2012, leg. L. Golovatyuk (rearing); male, pupa, larva, the same location, 6.VII. 2012, leg. L. Golovatyuk (rearing); male, pupa, larva, the same location, 7.VII. 2012, leg. L. Golovatyuk (rearing). Diagnostic characters. The imago males of C. salinarius Kieffer can be separated from some species by following combination of features: dark brown or black colour midges, total length 5.0��� 6.2 mm, wing length 2.40���3.25 mm, AR 2.84���3.20, LRP 1 1.36���1.40, BRP 1 5.0��� 7.9, Ac 18���22, Dc 19���25, Pa 6���7, Scts 17���35, Sq 15���21, legs yellowish brown, except to dark brown proximal and apical ends of femur, proximal �� and apical end of tibia, ta 1���5 gradually darken to end, tergite IX with 6���8 median setae, anal point expanded in apical third, superior volsella E-type, gonostylus the widest at proximal third. The pupa differs following combination of features: total length 6.0���7.0 mm, segment I with anterior and posterolateral Pedes spurii B; tergite VII in proximal half part with two patches of shagreen; tergite VIII with two patches of shagreen medially; tergites V���VII laterally with longitudinal rows of spinules; tergites V���VI with posterior-lateral patches of spines. The larva can be distinguished from the other members of the salinarius-type larva by following features: AR 1.85���2.15, L 1 68���85 ��m, L 2 17���22 ��m, blade reached to the segment 5, ring organ situated in the proximal 2 / 3 basal segment; pecten epipharyngis with 17���24 teeth; anterior margin of the base maxilla with 1���2 tubercles; mandible II-type, with 1 yellowish dorsal tooth, dark brown apical and 3 inner teeth; type of mentum by the characters of the median teeth���I/II; type of mentum by the degree of development of the 4 th lateral teeth���I; ventromental plate with 57���69 short striae, not reached inner spines series, type of strial termination IIIA, VmPR 0.36���0.45. VmPSR 1.6���2.4. Male (n= 3). Total length 5.0��� 6.2 mm; wing length 2.4���2.5 mm. Total length / wing length 2.08���2.58. Coloration. Thorax and abdomen dark brown or black. Legs yellowish brown, except to dark brown proximal and apical ends of femur, proximal �� and apical end of tibia, ta 1���5 gradually darken to end. Head. Head width 680 ��m. Height of eyes 376���520 ��m. HIR 6.07. Frontal tubercles finger-shaped, length 30���36 ��m, width 12 ��m. Antenna 1320���1386 ��m long. Ultimate flagellomere 990���1056 ��m long. AR 3.0��� 3.2. Verticals 22���26. Clypeus with 25���31 setae. Cibarial pump 120���129 ��m long, 84���90 ��m wide. Maxillary palp 606���657 ��m long, lengths of last 4 palpomeres (in ��m): 42���60; 147���156; 168���174; 243���270. CP 1.12; Al/Pl 2.00��� 2.18. Thorax. Acrostichals 18���22; dorsocentrals 20���25; prealars 6���7; supraalars 1���2. Scutellum with 22���35 setae. Wing. Length 2.4���2.5 mm, width 0.64���0.68 mm. Veins R, R 1 with 41���46 setae, R 4 + 5 with 11���16 setae. Squama with 15���20 setae; brachiolum with 2���3 setae. VR 1.0��� 1.06. Legs. Spurs of middle tibia 24 and 30 ��m, of hind tibia 24 and 30 ��m long. TiR 1.96���2.08. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 2. Hypopygium (Figs 2���5). Tergite IX with 6 median setae. Lateral tubercles sometimes present on tergite IX. Laterosternite IX with 5���8 setae. Anal point 90���105 ��m long, 12���15 ��m wide, expanded in the apical 1 / 3, sometimes the widest at about middle (depends on the position of hypopygium). Transverse sternapodeme 93���111 ��m long, without oral projections. Phallapodeme 135���144 ��m long. Gonocoxite 180���186 ��m long, with 5���6 inner setae. Total length of superior volsella 75���90 ��m, with 6���10 basal setae; height of apical finger-shaped part 60���69 ��m, width��� 18���21 ��m, base (15���21 ��m high, 30���42 ��m wide) cover microtrichia (E��� type). Inferior volsella 135���144 ��m long, with 32���40 setae. Gonostylus 156���165 ��m long, 36���39 ��m wide, widest at proximal 1 / 3, with 1 apical seta (15 ��m long) and 3���4 subapical inner setae. GsR 4.1���4.6. HR 1.11���1.15. Pupa (n = 3, males). Total length 6.6 ���7.0 mm. Cephalothorax (Figs 6���7). Cephalic tubercles conical 63���75 ��m long, 45���48 ��m wide; frontal setae 66���75 ��m long (Fig 6). Base of thoracic horn 78���90 long ��m, 45���60 ��m wide. Prealar tubercle developed. Pc 1 51���54 ��m long, Pc 2 51���54 ��m long; MAps 111���135 ��m long; Dc 1 45���75 ��m long, Dc 2 45���90 ��m long, Dc 3 45���51 ��m long, Dc 4 48���60 ��m long; distance between setae Dc 1 ���Dc 2 10���84 ��m, Dc 3 ���Dc 4 18���36 ��m, Dc 2 ���Dc 3 123���156 ��m. Wing sheath length 237���246 ��m, width 60 ��m (Fig 7). Abdomen (Figs 8���12) length 5.0��� 5.5 mm. Tergites II���VI covered by square shagreen; tergite VII in proximal half part with two patches of shagreen; tergite VIII with two patches of shagreen medially. Tergites V���VII laterally with longitudinal rows of spinules; tergites V���VI with posterior-lateral patches of spines. Anal segment without shagreen, but in posterior part granulose. Hook row with 64���78 hooks; tops of median hooks with 1���5 little teeth (Fig 8). Conjunctives IV/V and V/VI with little spinules, sometimes on conjunctives V���VI spinules absent. Sternite I usually with several spinules laterally; sternite II medially with shagreen and lateral longitudinal rows of spinules; sternites III in proximal part with median path of shagreen and several spinules laterally; sternite IV usually with several spinules laterally; sternites V���VI with posterior-lateral group of spinules; sternites VI���VIII with anteriorlateral group of shagreen. Segment I with anterior and posterolateral pedes spurii B (Fig 9). Segment VIII with single dark brown spur, sometimes spur with three tips, covered by 5���7 dorsal spines (Figs 11���12). Segment II���IV each with 3 L setae, V���VI each with 4 LS setae, VII with 3���4 LS setae, VIII with 5 LS setae. Anal lobe with 65���78 lamelliform setae. Length of anal lobe 400���432 ��m, width 416���464 ��m. ALR 0.86���1.04. Fourth instar larva (n= 3). Head (Figs 13���18) yellowish brown, length 0.50���0.55 mm, width 0.45 mm, cephalic index (W/L) 0.82���0.90. Frontal apotome 408���440 ��m long, 136���176 ��m wide. Distance between setae S 1 ��� S 1 69 ���84 ��m, S 2 ��� S 2 96 ���114 ��m, S 3 ��� S 3 93 ���123 ��m, S 4 ��� S 4 96 ���129 ��m, S 5 ��� S 5 96 ���129 ��m. Antenna 111���123 ��m (Fig. 13), length of each segment (in ��m): 69���84; 18; 6; 9; 6. AR 1.85���2.15. Maximal width of basal segment 24���27 ��m. Ring organ distribute in the proximal 2 / 3 basal segment; distance from ring organ to base of antenna 24 ��m; ROR 2.9���3.5. Blade 42 ��m long, reached to the segment 5; accessory blade 12 ��m. S I 45 ���48 ��m long, S II 54 ���60 ��m long, S III 21 ��m long, S IV 6 ��m long. Pecten epipharyngis 42���45 ��m long, with 17���24 teeth. Premandible 102���105 ��m long, with 2 teeth; premandibular seta simple 15���24 ��m long (Fig. 14). Mandible 159���180 ��m long, 87���99 ��m wide; with 1 yellowish dorsal tooth, dark brown apical and 3 inner teeth; length apical tooth 21���24 ��m (Fig. 15). Type mandible II (some degree of pigmentation present on 3 rd tooth and tooth partly free on lower margin). Seta subdentalis 15���21 ��m long. Pecten mandible with 12���14 setae. Mola with 1���3 long spines (15���21 ��m). Mandible basally with 8���16 radial grooves. Maxillary palp 24���30 ��m long, 15���21 ��m wide. Anterior margin of the base maxilla with 1���2 tubercles (Fig. 16). Mentum 141���153 ��m wide, central tooth conical 12���16.5 ��m, median trifid tooth 27���42 ��m wide, distance between first lateral teeth 48���66 ��m, distance between second lateral teeth 72���84 ��m; distance between the top of first lateral teeth 42���54 ��m (Figs 17). Type of mentum by the characters of the median teeth���I/ II; type of mentum by the degree of development of the 4 th lateral teeth���I. Ventromental plate 150���168 ��m wide and 60���78 ��m height (Fig. 18). Distance between ventromental plates 30���48 ��m. Ventromental plates with 60���65 striae. VmPR 0.36���0.45. VmPSR 1.6���2.4. Body. Lateral and ventral tubules absent. Procercus 21 ��m height and 12 ��m wide., Published as part of Orel, Oksana V., Istomina, Albina G., Kiknadze, Iya I., Zinchenko, Tatiana D. & Golovatyuk, Larisa V., 2014, Redescription of larva, pupa and imago male of Chironomus (Chironomus) salinarius Kieffer from the saline rivers of the Lake Elton basin (Russia), its karyotype and ecology, pp. 528-550 in Zootaxa 3841 (4) on pages 533-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3841.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/230381, {"references":["Kieffer, J. (1915) Neue halophile Chironomiden. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie und Planktonkunde, Supplement 2, 472 - 482.","Goetghebuer, M. (1928) Dipteres (Nematoceres). Chironomidae. III. Chironomiriae. Faune de France, 18, 1 - 174.","Thienemann, A. & Strenzke, K. (1951) Larventyp und Imaginalart bei Chironomus s. s. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 72, 1 - 21.","Strenzke, K. (1959) Revision der Gattung Chironomus Meig. I. Die imagines von 15 norddeutschen Arten und Unterarten. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie, 56, 1 - 42.","Keyl, H. - G. & Keyl, I. (1959) Die cytologische Diagnostik der Chironomiden. I. Bestimmungstabelle fur die Gattung Chironomus auf Grund der Speicheldrusenchromosomen. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie, 56, 43 - 57.","Keyl, H. - G. (1962) Chromosomenevolution bei Chironomus. II. Chromosomenumbauten und phylogenetische Beziehungen der Arten. Chromosoma, 13 (4), 464 - 514. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 00327342","Linevich, A. A. & Erbaeva, E. A. (1971) To the systematic of the genus Chironomus Meig. from the reservoirs of Pribaikal and West Zabaikal regions. Izvestiya Biologo-geographicheskogo Instituta, Irkutsk, 25, 127 - 190. [in Russian]","Michailova, P. 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Orel, Oksana V., Istomina, Albina G., Kiknadze, Iya I., Zinchenko, Tatiana D., Golovatyuk, Larisa V. (2014): Redescription of larva, pupa and imago male of Chironomus (Chironomus) salinarius Kieffer from the saline rivers of the Lake Elton basin (Russia), its karyotype and ecology. Zootaxa 3841 (4): 528-550, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3841.4.4