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1. Associations of height, body mass index, and weight gain with breast cancer risk in carriers of a pathogenic variant in BRCA1 or BRCA2: the BRCA1 and BRCA2 Cohort Consortium.

Author: Kast, K., John, E.M., Hopper, J.L., Andrieu, N., Noguès, C., Mouret-Fourme, E., Lasset, C., Fricker, J.P., Berthet, Pascaline, Mari, V., Salle, L., Schmidt, M.K., Ausems, M.G.E.M., Garcia, E.B.G., Beek, I. van de, Wevers, M.R., Evans, D.G., Tischkowitz, M., Lalloo, F., Cook, J., Izatt, L., Tripathi, V., Snape, K., Musgrave, H., Sharif, S., Murray, J., Colonna, S.V., Andrulis, I.L., Daly, M.B., Southey, M.C., Hoya, M. de la, Osorio, A., Foretova, L., Berkova, D., Gerdes, A.M., Olah, E., Jakubowska, A., Singer, C.F., Tan, Yen, Augustinsson, A., Rantala, J., Simard, J., Schmutzler, R.K., Milne, R.L., Phillips, K.A., Terry, M.B., Goldgar, D., Leeuwen, F.E. van, Mooij, T.M., Antoniou, A.C., Easton, D.F., Rookus, M.A., Engel, C., Kast, K., John, E.M., Hopper, J.L., Andrieu, N., Noguès, C., Mouret-Fourme, E., Lasset, C., Fricker, J.P., Berthet, Pascaline, Mari, V., Salle, L., Schmidt, M.K., Ausems, M.G.E.M., Garcia, E.B.G., Beek, I. van de, Wevers, M.R., Evans, D.G., Tischkowitz, M., Lalloo, F., Cook, J., Izatt, L., Tripathi, V., Snape, K., Musgrave, H., Sharif, S., Murray, J., Colonna, S.V., Andrulis, I.L., Daly, M.B., Southey, M.C., Hoya, M. de la, Osorio, A., Foretova, L., Berkova, D., Gerdes, A.M., Olah, E., Jakubowska, A., Singer, C.F., Tan, Yen, Augustinsson, A., Rantala, J., Simard, J., Schmutzler, R.K., Milne, R.L., Phillips, K.A., Terry, M.B., Goldgar, D., Leeuwen, F.E. van, Mooij, T.M., Antoniou, A.C., Easton, D.F., Rookus, M.A., and Engel, C.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, INTRODUCTION: Height, body mass index (BMI), and weight gain are associated with breast cancer risk in the general population. It is unclear whether these associations also exist for carriers of pathogenic variants in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An international pooled cohort of 8091 BRCA1/2 variant carriers was used for retrospective and prospective analyses separately for premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Cox regression was used to estimate breast cancer risk associations with height, BMI, and weight change. RESULTS: In the retrospective analysis, taller height was associated with risk of premenopausal breast cancer for BRCA2 variant carriers (HR 1.20 per 10 cm increase, 95% CI 1.04-1.38). Higher young-adult BMI was associated with lower premenopausal breast cancer risk for both BRCA1 (HR 0.75 per 5 kg/m(2), 95% CI 0.66-0.84) and BRCA2 (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65-0.89) variant carriers in the retrospective analysis, with consistent, though not statistically significant, findings from the prospective analysis. In the prospective analysis, higher BMI and adult weight gain were associated with higher postmenopausal breast cancer risk for BRCA1 carriers (HR 1.20 per 5 kg/m(2), 95% CI 1.02-1.42; and HR 1.10 per 5 kg weight gain, 95% CI 1.01-1.19, respectively). CONCLUSION: Anthropometric measures are associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 variant carriers, with relative risk estimates that are generally consistent with those for women from the general population.
Published: 2023

2. A prospective prostate cancer screening programme for men with pathogenic variants in mismatch repair genes (IMPACT): initial results from an international prospective study.

Author: Bancroft E.K., Page E.C., Brook M.N., Thomas S., Taylor N., Pope J., McHugh J., Jones A.-B., Karlsson Q., Merson S., Ong K.R., Hoffman J., Huber C., Maehle L., Grindedal E.M., Stormorken A., Evans D.G., Rothwell J., Lalloo F., Brady A.F., Bartlett M., Snape K., Hanson H., James P., McKinley J., Mascarenhas L., Syngal S., Ukaegbu C., Side L., Thomas T., Barwell J., Teixeira M.R., Izatt L., Suri M., Macrae F.A., Poplawski N., Chen-Shtoyerman R., Ahmed M., Musgrave H., Nicolai N., Greenhalgh L., Brewer C., Pachter N., Spigelman A.D., Azzabi A., Helfand B.T., Halliday D., Buys S., Ramon y Cajal T., Donaldson A., Cooney K.A., Harris M., McGrath J., Davidson R., Taylor A., Cooke P., Myhill K., Hogben M., Aaronson N.K., Ardern-Jones A., Bangma C.H., Castro E., Dearnaley D., Dias A., Dudderidge T., Eccles D.M., Green K., Eyfjord J., Falconer A., Foster C.S., Gronberg H., Hamdy F.C., Johannsson O., Khoo V., Lilja H., Lindeman G.J., Lubinski J., Axcrona K., Mikropoulos C., Mitra A.V., Moynihan C., Ni Raghallaigh H., Rennert G., Collier R., Adams L., Adlard J., Alfonso R., Ali S., Andrew A., Araujo L., Azam N., Ball D., Barker Q., Basevitch A., Benton B., Berlin C., Bermingham N., Biller L., Bloss A., Bradford M., Bradshaw N., Branson A., Brendler C., Brennan M., Bulman B., Burgess L., Cahill D., Callard A., Calvo Verges N., Cardoso M., Carter V., Catanzaro M., Chamberlain A., Chapman C., Chong M., Clark C., Clowes V., Cogley L., Cole T., Compton C., Conner T., Cookson S., Cornford P., Costello P., Coulier L., Davies M., Dechet C., DeSouza B., Devlin G., Douglas F., Douglas E., Dudakia D., Duncan A., Ellery N., Everest S., Freemantle S., Frydenberg M., Fuller D., Gabriel C., Gale M., Garcia L., Gay S., Genova E., George A., Georgiou D., Gisbert A., Gleeson M., Glover W., Gnanapragasam V., Goff S., Goldgar D., Goncalves N., Goodman S., Gorrie J., Gott H., Grant A., Gray C., Griffiths J., Gupwell K., Gurasashvili J., Hanslien E., Haraldsdottir S., Hart R., Hartigan C., Hawkes L., Heaton T., Henderson A., Henrique R., Hilario K., Hill K., Hulick P., Hunt C., Hutchings M., Ibitoye R., Inglehearn T., Ireland J., Islam F., Ismail S., Jacobs C., James D., Jenkins S., Jobson I., Johnstone A., Jones O., Josefsberg Ben-Yehoshua S., Kaemba B., Kaul K., Kemp Z., Kinsella N., Klehm M., Kockelbergh R., Kohut K., Kosicka-Slawinska M., Kulkarni A., Kumar P., Lam J., LeButt M., Leibovici D., Lim R., Limb L., Lomas C., Longmuir M., Lopez C., Magnani T., Maia S., Maiden J., Male A., Manalo M., Martin P., McBride D., McGuire M., McMahon R., McNally C., McVeigh T., Melzer E., Mencias M., Mercer C., Mitchell G., Mora J., Morton C., Moss C., Murphy M., Murphy D., Mzazi S., Nadolski M., Newlin A., Nogueira P., O'Keefe R., O'Toole K., O'Connell S., Ogden C., Okoth L., Oliveira J., Paez E., Palou J., Park L., Patel N., Paulo Souto J., Pearce A., Peixoto A., Perez K., Petelin L., Pichert G., Poile C., Potter A., Preitner N., Purnell H., Quinn E., Radice P., Rankin B., Rees K., Renton C., Richardson K., Risby P., Rogers J., Ruderman M., Ruiz A., Sajoo A., Salvatore N., Sands V., Sanguedolce F., Sattar A., Saunders K., Schofield L., Scott R., Searle A., Sehra R., Selkirk C., Shackleton K., Shanley S., Shaw A., Shevrin D., Shipman H., Sidat Z., Siguake K., Simon K., Smyth C., Snadden L., Solanky N., Solomons J., Sorrentino M., Stayner B., Stephenson R., Stoffel E., Thomas M., Thompson A., Tidey L., Tischkowitz M., Torokwa A., Townshend S., Treherne K., Tricker K., Trinh Q.-D., Tripathi V., Turnbull C., Valdagni R., Van As N., Venne V., Verdon L., Vitellaro M., Vogel K., Walker L., Watford A., Watt C., Weintroub I., Weiss S., Weissman S., Weston M., Wiggins J., Wise G., Woodhouse C., Yesildag P., Youngs A., Yurgelun M., Zollo F., Offman J., Kote-Jarai Z., Eeles R.A., Bancroft E.K., Page E.C., Brook M.N., Thomas S., Taylor N., Pope J., McHugh J., Jones A.-B., Karlsson Q., Merson S., Ong K.R., Hoffman J., Huber C., Maehle L., Grindedal E.M., Stormorken A., Evans D.G., Rothwell J., Lalloo F., Brady A.F., Bartlett M., Snape K., Hanson H., James P., McKinley J., Mascarenhas L., Syngal S., Ukaegbu C., Side L., Thomas T., Barwell J., Teixeira M.R., Izatt L., Suri M., Macrae F.A., Poplawski N., Chen-Shtoyerman R., Ahmed M., Musgrave H., Nicolai N., Greenhalgh L., Brewer C., Pachter N., Spigelman A.D., Azzabi A., Helfand B.T., Halliday D., Buys S., Ramon y Cajal T., Donaldson A., Cooney K.A., Harris M., McGrath J., Davidson R., Taylor A., Cooke P., Myhill K., Hogben M., Aaronson N.K., Ardern-Jones A., Bangma C.H., Castro E., Dearnaley D., Dias A., Dudderidge T., Eccles D.M., Green K., Eyfjord J., Falconer A., Foster C.S., Gronberg H., Hamdy F.C., Johannsson O., Khoo V., Lilja H., Lindeman G.J., Lubinski J., Axcrona K., Mikropoulos C., Mitra A.V., Moynihan C., Ni Raghallaigh H., Rennert G., Collier R., Adams L., Adlard J., Alfonso R., Ali S., Andrew A., Araujo L., Azam N., Ball D., Barker Q., Basevitch A., Benton B., Berlin C., Bermingham N., Biller L., Bloss A., Bradford M., Bradshaw N., Branson A., Brendler C., Brennan M., Bulman B., Burgess L., Cahill D., Callard A., Calvo Verges N., Cardoso M., Carter V., Catanzaro M., Chamberlain A., Chapman C., Chong M., Clark C., Clowes V., Cogley L., Cole T., Compton C., Conner T., Cookson S., Cornford P., Costello P., Coulier L., Davies M., Dechet C., DeSouza B., Devlin G., Douglas F., Douglas E., Dudakia D., Duncan A., Ellery N., Everest S., Freemantle S., Frydenberg M., Fuller D., Gabriel C., Gale M., Garcia L., Gay S., Genova E., George A., Georgiou D., Gisbert A., Gleeson M., Glover W., Gnanapragasam V., Goff S., Goldgar D., Goncalves N., Goodman S., Gorrie J., Gott H., Grant A., Gray C., Griffiths J., Gupwell K., Gurasashvili J., Hanslien E., Haraldsdottir S., Hart R., Hartigan C., Hawkes L., Heaton T., Henderson A., Henrique R., Hilario K., Hill K., Hulick P., Hunt C., Hutchings M., Ibitoye R., Inglehearn T., Ireland J., Islam F., Ismail S., Jacobs C., James D., Jenkins S., Jobson I., Johnstone A., Jones O., Josefsberg Ben-Yehoshua S., Kaemba B., Kaul K., Kemp Z., Kinsella N., Klehm M., Kockelbergh R., Kohut K., Kosicka-Slawinska M., Kulkarni A., Kumar P., Lam J., LeButt M., Leibovici D., Lim R., Limb L., Lomas C., Longmuir M., Lopez C., Magnani T., Maia S., Maiden J., Male A., Manalo M., Martin P., McBride D., McGuire M., McMahon R., McNally C., McVeigh T., Melzer E., Mencias M., Mercer C., Mitchell G., Mora J., Morton C., Moss C., Murphy M., Murphy D., Mzazi S., Nadolski M., Newlin A., Nogueira P., O'Keefe R., O'Toole K., O'Connell S., Ogden C., Okoth L., Oliveira J., Paez E., Palou J., Park L., Patel N., Paulo Souto J., Pearce A., Peixoto A., Perez K., Petelin L., Pichert G., Poile C., Potter A., Preitner N., Purnell H., Quinn E., Radice P., Rankin B., Rees K., Renton C., Richardson K., Risby P., Rogers J., Ruderman M., Ruiz A., Sajoo A., Salvatore N., Sands V., Sanguedolce F., Sattar A., Saunders K., Schofield L., Scott R., Searle A., Sehra R., Selkirk C., Shackleton K., Shanley S., Shaw A., Shevrin D., Shipman H., Sidat Z., Siguake K., Simon K., Smyth C., Snadden L., Solanky N., Solomons J., Sorrentino M., Stayner B., Stephenson R., Stoffel E., Thomas M., Thompson A., Tidey L., Tischkowitz M., Torokwa A., Townshend S., Treherne K., Tricker K., Trinh Q.-D., Tripathi V., Turnbull C., Valdagni R., Van As N., Venne V., Verdon L., Vitellaro M., Vogel K., Walker L., Watford A., Watt C., Weintroub I., Weiss S., Weissman S., Weston M., Wiggins J., Wise G., Woodhouse C., Yesildag P., Youngs A., Yurgelun M., Zollo F., Offman J., Kote-Jarai Z., and Eeles R.A.
Abstract: Background: Lynch syndrome is a rare familial cancer syndrome caused by pathogenic variants in the mismatch repair genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2, that cause predisposition to various cancers, predominantly colorectal and endometrial cancer. Data are emerging that pathogenic variants in mismatch repair genes increase the risk of early-onset aggressive prostate cancer. The IMPACT study is prospectively assessing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in men with germline mismatch repair pathogenic variants. Here, we report the usefulness of PSA screening, prostate cancer incidence, and tumour characteristics after the first screening round in men with and without these germline pathogenic variants. Method(s): The IMPACT study is an international, prospective study. Men aged 40-69 years without a previous prostate cancer diagnosis and with a known germline pathogenic variant in the MLH1, MSH2, or MSH6 gene, and age-matched male controls who tested negative for a familial pathogenic variant in these genes were recruited from 34 genetic and urology clinics in eight countries, and underwent a baseline PSA screening. Men who had a PSA level higher than 3.0 ng/mL were offered a transrectal, ultrasound-guided, prostate biopsy and a histopathological analysis was done. All participants are undergoing a minimum of 5 years' annual screening. The primary endpoint was to determine the incidence, stage, and pathology of screening-detected prostate cancer in carriers of pathogenic variants compared with non-carrier controls. We used Fisher's exact test to compare the number of cases, cancer incidence, and positive predictive values of the PSA cutoff and biopsy between carriers and non-carriers and the differences between disease types (ie, cancer vs no cancer, clinically significant cancer vs no cancer). We assessed screening outcomes and tumour characteristics by pathogenic variant status. Here we present results from the first round of PSA screening in the IMPACT study. This
Published: 2022

3. Oral Contraceptive Use in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers: Absolute Cancer Risks and Benefits

Author: Schrijver, LH, Mooij, TM, Pijpe, A, Sonke, GS, Mourits, MJE, Andrieu, N, Antoniou, AC, Easton, DF, Engel, C, Goldgar, D, John, EM, Kast, K, Milne, RL, Olsson, H, Phillips, K-A, Terry, MB, Hopper, JL, van Leeuwen, FE, Rookus, MA, Schrijver, LH, Mooij, TM, Pijpe, A, Sonke, GS, Mourits, MJE, Andrieu, N, Antoniou, AC, Easton, DF, Engel, C, Goldgar, D, John, EM, Kast, K, Milne, RL, Olsson, H, Phillips, K-A, Terry, MB, Hopper, JL, van Leeuwen, FE, and Rookus, MA
Abstract: BACKGROUND: To help BRCA1 and 2 mutation carriers make informed decisions regarding use of combined-type oral contraceptive preparation (COCP), absolute risk-benefit estimates are needed for COCP-associated cancer. METHODS: For a hypothetical cohort of 10 000 women, we calculated the increased or decreased cumulative incidence of COCP-associated (breast, ovarian, endometrial) cancer, examining 18 scenarios with differences in duration and timing of COCP use, uptake of prophylactic surgeries, and menopausal hormone therapy. RESULTS: COCP use initially increased breast cancer risk and decreased ovarian and endometrial cancer risk long term. For 10 000 BRCA1 mutation carriers, 10 years of COCP use from age 20 to 30 years resulted in 66 additional COCP-associated cancer cases by the age of 35 years, in addition to 625 cases expected for never users. By the age of 70 years such COCP use resulted in 907 fewer cancer cases than the expected 9093 cases in never users. Triple-negative breast cancer estimates resulted in 196 additional COCP-associated cases by age 40 years, in addition to the 1454 expected. For 10 000 BRCA2 mutation carriers using COCP from age 20 to 30 years, 80 excess cancer cases were estimated by age 40 years in addition to 651 expected cases; by the age of 70 years, we calculated 382 fewer cases compared with the 6156 cases expected. The long-term benefit of COCP use diminished after risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy followed by menopausal hormone therapy use. CONCLUSION: Although COCP use in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers initially increases breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer risk, it strongly decreases lifetime cancer risk. Risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and menopausal hormone therapy use appear to counteract the long-term COCP-benefit.
Published: 2022

4. First international workshop of the ATM and Cancer Risk Group (4–5 December 2019)

Author: Lesueur, F., Easton, D. F., Renault, A. -L., Tavtigian, S. V., Bernstein, J. L., Kote-Jarai, Z., Eeles, R. A., Plaseska-Karanfia, D., Feliubadalo, L., Moles-Fernandez, A., Santamarina-Pena, M., Sanchez, A. T., Lopez-Novo, A., Porras, L. -M., Blanco, A., Capella, G., de la Hoya, M., Molina, I. J., Osorio, A., Pineda, M., Rueda, D., de la Cruz, X., Diez, O., Ruiz-Ponte, C., Gutierrez-Enriquez, S., Vega, A., Lazaro, C., Arun, B., Herold, N., Versmold, B., Schmutzler, R. K., Nguyen-Dumont, T., Southey, M. C., Dorling, L., Dunning, A. M., Ghiorzo, P., Dalmasso, B. S., Cavaciuti, E., Le Gal, D., Roberts, N. J., Dominguez-Valentin, M., Rookus, M., Taylor, A. M. R., Goldstein, A. M., Goldgar, D. E., Couch, F., Kraft, P., Weitzel, J., Nathanson, K., Domchek, S., Laduca, H., Stoppa-Lyonnet, D., and Andrieu, N.
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Heterozygote, Variants classification, ATM, Cancer risk, Cancer spectrum, Tumor profiles, Population, Context (language use), Breast Neoplasms, Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins, 030105 genetics & heredity, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Ataxia Telangiectasia, 0302 clinical medicine, Neoplasms, Epidemiology, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, education, Genetics (clinical), education.field_of_study, business.industry, Cancer, medicine.disease, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Family medicine, Female, France, business
Abstract: The first International Workshop of the ATM and Cancer Risk group focusing on the role of Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) gene in cancer was held on December 4 and 5, 2019 at Institut Curie in Paris, France. It was motivated by the fact that germline ATM pathogenic variants have been found to be associated with different cancer types. However, due to the lack of precise age-, sex-, and site-specific risk estimates, no consensus on management guidelines for variant carriers exists, and the clinical utility of ATM variant testing is uncertain. The meeting brought together epidemiologists, geneticists, biologists and clinicians to review current knowledge and on-going challenges related to ATM and cancer risk. This report summarizes the meeting sessions content that covered the latest results in family-based and population-based studies, the importance of accurate variant classification, the effect of radiation exposures for ATM variant carriers, and the characteristics of ATM-deficient tumors. The report concludes that ATM variant carriers outside of the context of Ataxia-Telangiectasia may benefit from effective cancer risk management and therapeutic strategies and that efforts to set up large-scale studies in the international framework to achieve this goal are necessary.
Published: 2021

5. BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing—pitfalls and recommendations for managing variants of uncertain clinical significance

Author: Eccles, D. M., Mitchell, G., Monteiro, A. N. A., Schmutzler, R., Couch, F. J., Spurdle, A. B., Gómez-García, E. B., Driessen, R., Lindor, N.M., Blok, M.J., Moller, P., de la Hoya, M., Pal, T., Domchek, S., Nathanson, K., Van Asperen, C., Diez, O., Rheim, K., Stoppa-Lyonnet, D., Parsons, M., and Goldgar, D.
Published: 2015
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6. An updated quantitative model to classify missense variants in the TP53 gene: A novel multifactorial strategy

Author: Fortuno, C, Pesaran, T, Dolinsky, J, Yussuf, A, McGoldrick, K, Tavtigian, SV, Goldgar, D, Spurdle, AB, James, PA, Fortuno, C, Pesaran, T, Dolinsky, J, Yussuf, A, McGoldrick, K, Tavtigian, SV, Goldgar, D, Spurdle, AB, and James, PA
Abstract: Multigene panel testing has led to an increase in the number of variants of uncertain significance identified in the TP53 gene, associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. We previously developed a quantitative model for predicting the pathogenicity of P53 missense variants based on the combination of calibrated bioinformatic information and somatic to germline ratio. Here, we extended this quantitative model for the classification of P53 predicted missense variants by adding new pieces of evidence (personal and family history parameters, loss-of-function results, population allele frequency, healthy individual status by age 60, and breast tumor pathology). We also annotated which missense variants might have an effect on splicing based on bioinformatic predictions. This updated model plus annotation led to the classification of 805 variants into a clinically relevant class, which correlated well with existing ClinVar classifications, and resolved a large number of conflicting and uncertain classifications. We propose this model as a reliable approach to TP53 germline variant classification and emphasize its use in contributing to optimize TP53-specific ACMG/AMP guidelines.
Published: 2021

7. Personalized Risk Assessment for Prevention and Early Detection of Breast Cancer: Integration and Implementation (PERSPECTIVE I&I)

Author: Brooks, JD, Nabi, HH, Andrulis, IL, Antoniou, AC, Chiquette, J, Despres, P, Devilee, P, Dorval, M, Droit, A, Easton, DF, Eisen, A, Eloy, L, Fienberg, S, Goldgar, D, Hahnen, E, Joly, Y, Knoppers, BM, Lofters, A, Masson, J-Y, Mittmann, N, Paquette, J-S, Pashayan, N, Schmutzler, R, Stockley, T, Tavtigian, S, Walker, MJ, Wolfson, M, Chiarelli, AM, Simard, J, Brooks, JD, Nabi, HH, Andrulis, IL, Antoniou, AC, Chiquette, J, Despres, P, Devilee, P, Dorval, M, Droit, A, Easton, DF, Eisen, A, Eloy, L, Fienberg, S, Goldgar, D, Hahnen, E, Joly, Y, Knoppers, BM, Lofters, A, Masson, J-Y, Mittmann, N, Paquette, J-S, Pashayan, N, Schmutzler, R, Stockley, T, Tavtigian, S, Walker, MJ, Wolfson, M, Chiarelli, AM, and Simard, J
Abstract: Early detection of breast cancer through screening reduces breast cancer mortality. The benefits of screening must also be considered within the context of potential harms (e.g., false positives, overdiagnosis). Furthermore, while breast cancer risk is highly variable within the population, most screening programs use age to determine eligibility. A risk-based approach is expected to improve the benefit-harm ratio of breast cancer screening programs. The PERSPECTIVE I&I (Personalized Risk Assessment for Prevention and Early Detection of Breast Cancer: Integration and Implementation) project seeks to improve personalized risk assessment to allow for a cost-effective, population-based approach to risk-based screening and determine best practices for implementation in Canada. This commentary describes the four inter-related activities that comprise the PERSPECTIVE I&I project. 1: Identification and validation of novel moderate to high-risk susceptibility genes. 2: Improvement, validation, and adaptation of a risk prediction web-tool for the Canadian context. 3: Development and piloting of a socio-ethical framework to support implementation of risk-based breast cancer screening. 4: Economic analysis to optimize the implementation of risk-based screening. Risk-based screening and prevention is expected to benefit all women, empowering them to work with their healthcare provider to make informed decisions about screening and prevention.
Published: 2021

8. Mendelian randomisation study of smoking exposure in relation to breast cancer risk

Author: Park, H. A. (Hanla A.), Neumeyer, S. (Sonja), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Bolla, M. K. (Manjeet K.), Wang, Q. (Qin), Dennis, J. (Joe), Ahearn, T. U. (Thomas U.), Andrulis, I. L. (Irene L.), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Antonenkova, N. N. (Natalia N.), Arndt, V. (Volker), Aronson, K. J. (Kristan J.), Augustinsson, A. (Annelie), Baten, A. (Adinda), Freeman, L. E. (Laura E. Beane), Becher, H. (Heiko), Beckmann, M. W. (Matthias W.), Behrens, S. (Sabine), Benitez, J. (Javier), Bermisheva, M. (Marina), Bogdanova, N. V. (Natalia, V), Bojesen, S. E. (Stig E.), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brucker, S. Y. (Sara Y.), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Campa, D. (Daniele), Canzian, F. (Federico), Castelao, J. E. (Jose E.), Chanock, S. J. (Stephen J.), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Clarke, C. L. (Christine L.), Conroy, D. M. (Don M.), Couch, F. J. (Fergus J.), Cox, A. (Angela), Cross, S. S. (Simon S.), Czene, K. (Kamila), Daly, M. B. (Mary B.), Devilee, P. (Peter), Dork, T. (Thilo), Dos-Santos-Silva, I. (Isabel), Dwek, M. (Miriam), Eccles, D. M. (Diana M.), Eliassen, A. H. (A. Heather), Engel, C. (Christoph), Eriksson, M. (Mikael), Evans, D. G. (D. Gareth), Fasching, P. A. (Peter A.), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Fritschi, L. (Lin), Garcia-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Garcia-Saenz, J. A. (Jose A.), Gaudet, M. M. (Mia M.), Giles, G. G. (Graham G.), Glendon, G. (Gord), Goldberg, M. S. (Mark S.), Goldgar, D. E. (David E.), Gonzalez-Neira, A. (Anna), Grip, M. (Mervi), Guenel, P. (Pascal), Hahnen, E. (Eric), Haiman, C. A. (Christopher A.), Hakansson, N. (Niclas), Hall, P. (Per), Hamann, U. (Ute), Han, S. (Sileny), Harkness, E. F. (Elaine F.), Hart, S. N. (Steven N.), He, W. (Wei), Heemskerk-Gerritsen, B. A. (Bernadette A. M.), Hopper, J. L. (John L.), Hunter, D. J. (David J.), Jager, A. (Agnes), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), John, E. M. (Esther M.), Jung, A. (Audrey), Kaaks, R. (Rudolf), Kapoor, P. M. (Pooja Middha), Keeman, R. (Renske), Khusnutdinova, E. (Elza), Kitahara, C. M. (Cari M.), Koppert, L. B. (Linetta B.), Koutros, S. (Stella), Kristensen, V. N. (Vessela N.), Kurian, A. W. (Allison W.), Lacey, J. (James), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), LeMarchand, L. (Loic), Lo, W.-Y. (Wing-Yee), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Manoochehri, M. (Mehdi), Margolin, S. (Sara), ElenaMartinez, M. (Maria), Mavroudis, D. (Dimitrios), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Menon, U. (Usha), Milne, R. L. (Roger L.), Muranen, T. A. (Taru A.), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Newman, W. G. (William G.), Nordestgaard, B. G. (Borge G.), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Olshan, A. F. (Andrew F.), Olsson, H. (Hakan), Park-Simon, T.-W. (Tjoung-Won), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Peto, J. (Julian), Plaseska-Karanfilska, D. (Dijana), Presneau, N. (Nadege), Radice, P. (Paolo), Rennert, G. (Gad), Rennert, H. S. (Hedy S.), Romero, A. (Atocha), Saloustros, E. (Emmanouil), Sawyer, E. J. (Elinor J.), Schmidt, M. K. (Marjanka K.), Schmutzler, R. K. (Rita K.), Schoemaker, M. J. (Minouk J.), Schwentner, L. (Lukas), Scott, C. (Christopher), Shah, M. (Mitul), Shu, X.-O. (Xiao-Ou), Simard, J. (Jacques), Smeets, A. (Ann), Southey, M. C. (Melissa C.), Spinelli, J. J. (John J.), Stevens, V. (Victoria), Swerdlow, A. J. (Anthony J.), Tamimi, R. M. (Rulla M.), Tapper, W. J. (William J.), Taylor, J. A. (Jack A.), Terry, M. B. (Mary Beth), Tomlinson, I. (Ian), Troester, M. A. (Melissa A.), Truong, T. (Therese), Vachon, C. M. (Celine M.), van Veen, E. M. (Elke M.), Vijai, J. (Joseph), Wang, S. (Sophia), Wendt, C. (Camilla), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Wolk, A. (Alicja), Ziogas, A. (Argyrios), Dunning, A. M. (Alison M.), Pharoah, P. D. (Paul D. P.), Easton, D. F. (Douglas F.), Zheng, W. (Wei), Kraft, P. (Peter), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Park, H. A. (Hanla A.), Neumeyer, S. (Sonja), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Bolla, M. K. (Manjeet K.), Wang, Q. (Qin), Dennis, J. (Joe), Ahearn, T. U. (Thomas U.), Andrulis, I. L. (Irene L.), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Antonenkova, N. N. (Natalia N.), Arndt, V. (Volker), Aronson, K. J. (Kristan J.), Augustinsson, A. (Annelie), Baten, A. (Adinda), Freeman, L. E. (Laura E. Beane), Becher, H. (Heiko), Beckmann, M. W. (Matthias W.), Behrens, S. (Sabine), Benitez, J. (Javier), Bermisheva, M. (Marina), Bogdanova, N. V. (Natalia, V), Bojesen, S. E. (Stig E.), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brucker, S. Y. (Sara Y.), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Campa, D. (Daniele), Canzian, F. (Federico), Castelao, J. E. (Jose E.), Chanock, S. J. (Stephen J.), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Clarke, C. L. (Christine L.), Conroy, D. M. (Don M.), Couch, F. J. (Fergus J.), Cox, A. (Angela), Cross, S. S. (Simon S.), Czene, K. (Kamila), Daly, M. B. (Mary B.), Devilee, P. (Peter), Dork, T. (Thilo), Dos-Santos-Silva, I. (Isabel), Dwek, M. (Miriam), Eccles, D. M. (Diana M.), Eliassen, A. H. (A. Heather), Engel, C. (Christoph), Eriksson, M. (Mikael), Evans, D. G. (D. Gareth), Fasching, P. A. (Peter A.), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Fritschi, L. (Lin), Garcia-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Garcia-Saenz, J. A. (Jose A.), Gaudet, M. M. (Mia M.), Giles, G. G. (Graham G.), Glendon, G. (Gord), Goldberg, M. S. (Mark S.), Goldgar, D. E. (David E.), Gonzalez-Neira, A. (Anna), Grip, M. (Mervi), Guenel, P. (Pascal), Hahnen, E. (Eric), Haiman, C. A. (Christopher A.), Hakansson, N. (Niclas), Hall, P. (Per), Hamann, U. (Ute), Han, S. (Sileny), Harkness, E. F. (Elaine F.), Hart, S. N. (Steven N.), He, W. (Wei), Heemskerk-Gerritsen, B. A. (Bernadette A. M.), Hopper, J. L. (John L.), Hunter, D. J. (David J.), Jager, A. (Agnes), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), John, E. M. (Esther M.), Jung, A. (Audrey), Kaaks, R. (Rudolf), Kapoor, P. M. (Pooja Middha), Keeman, R. (Renske), Khusnutdinova, E. (Elza), Kitahara, C. M. (Cari M.), Koppert, L. B. (Linetta B.), Koutros, S. (Stella), Kristensen, V. N. (Vessela N.), Kurian, A. W. (Allison W.), Lacey, J. (James), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), LeMarchand, L. (Loic), Lo, W.-Y. (Wing-Yee), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Manoochehri, M. (Mehdi), Margolin, S. (Sara), ElenaMartinez, M. (Maria), Mavroudis, D. (Dimitrios), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Menon, U. (Usha), Milne, R. L. (Roger L.), Muranen, T. A. (Taru A.), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Newman, W. G. (William G.), Nordestgaard, B. G. (Borge G.), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Olshan, A. F. (Andrew F.), Olsson, H. (Hakan), Park-Simon, T.-W. (Tjoung-Won), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Peto, J. (Julian), Plaseska-Karanfilska, D. (Dijana), Presneau, N. (Nadege), Radice, P. (Paolo), Rennert, G. (Gad), Rennert, H. S. (Hedy S.), Romero, A. (Atocha), Saloustros, E. (Emmanouil), Sawyer, E. J. (Elinor J.), Schmidt, M. K. (Marjanka K.), Schmutzler, R. K. (Rita K.), Schoemaker, M. J. (Minouk J.), Schwentner, L. (Lukas), Scott, C. (Christopher), Shah, M. (Mitul), Shu, X.-O. (Xiao-Ou), Simard, J. (Jacques), Smeets, A. (Ann), Southey, M. C. (Melissa C.), Spinelli, J. J. (John J.), Stevens, V. (Victoria), Swerdlow, A. J. (Anthony J.), Tamimi, R. M. (Rulla M.), Tapper, W. J. (William J.), Taylor, J. A. (Jack A.), Terry, M. B. (Mary Beth), Tomlinson, I. (Ian), Troester, M. A. (Melissa A.), Truong, T. (Therese), Vachon, C. M. (Celine M.), van Veen, E. M. (Elke M.), Vijai, J. (Joseph), Wang, S. (Sophia), Wendt, C. (Camilla), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Wolk, A. (Alicja), Ziogas, A. (Argyrios), Dunning, A. M. (Alison M.), Pharoah, P. D. (Paul D. P.), Easton, D. F. (Douglas F.), Zheng, W. (Wei), Kraft, P. (Peter), and Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny)
Abstract: Background: Despite a modest association between tobacco smoking and breast cancer risk reported by recent epidemiological studies, it is still equivocal whether smoking is causally related to breast cancer risk. Methods: We applied Mendelian randomisation (MR) to evaluate a potential causal effect of cigarette smoking on breast cancer risk. Both individual-level data as well as summary statistics for 164 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reported in genome-wide association studies of lifetime smoking index (LSI) or cigarette per day (CPD) were used to obtain MR effect estimates. Data from 108,420 invasive breast cancer cases and 87,681 controls were used for the LSI analysis and for the CPD analysis conducted among ever-smokers from 26,147 cancer cases and 26,072 controls. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to address pleiotropy. Results: Genetically predicted LSI was associated with increased breast cancer risk (OR 1.18 per SD, 95% CI: 1.07–1.30, P = 0.11 × 10⁻²), but there was no evidence of association for genetically predicted CPD (OR 1.02, 95% CI: 0.78–1.19, P = 0.85). The sensitivity analyses yielded similar results and showed no strong evidence of pleiotropic effect. Conclusions: Our MR study provides supportive evidence for a potential causal association with breast cancer risk for lifetime smoking exposure but not cigarettes per day among smokers.
Published: 2021

9. Genome-wide association study identifies 32 novel breast cancer susceptibility loci from overall and subtype-specific analyses

Author: Zhang, H. (Haoyu), Ahearn, T. U. (Thomas U.), Lecarpentier, J. (Julie), Barnes, D. (Daniel), Beesley, J. (Jonathan), Qi, G. (Guanghao), Hang, X. (Xia), O'Mara, T. A. (Tracy A.), Zhao, N. (Ni), Bolla, M. K. (Manjeet K.), Dunning, A. M. (Alison M.), Dennis, J. (Joe), Wang, Q. (Qin), Abu Ful, Z. (Zumuruda), Aittomaki, K. (Kristiina), Andrulis, I. L. (Irene L.), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Arndt, V. (Volker), Aronson, K. J. (Kristan J.), Arun, B. K. (Banu K.), Auer, P. L. (Paul L.), Azzollini, J. (Jacopo), Barrowdale, D. (Daniel), Becher, H. (Heiko), Beckmann, M. W. (Matthias W.), Behrens, S. (Sabine), Benitez, J. (Javier), Bermisheva, M. (Marina), Bialkowska, K. (Katarzyna), Blanco, A. (Ana), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Bogdanova, N. V. (Natalia, V), Bojesen, S. E. (Stig E.), Bonanni, B. (Bernardo), Bondavalli, D. (Davide), Borg, A. (Ake), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Briceno, I. (Ignacio), Broeks, A. (Annegien), Brucker, S. Y. (Sara Y.), Bruening, T. (Thomas), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Buys, S. S. (Saundra S.), Byers, H. (Helen), Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Caligo, M. A. (Maria A.), Calvello, M. (Mariarosaria), Campa, D. (Daniele), Castelao, J. E. (Jose E.), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Chanock, S. J. (Stephen J.), Christiaens, M. (Melissa), Christiansen, H. (Hans), Chung, W. K. (Wendy K.), Claes, K. B. (Kathleen B. M.), Clarke, C. L. (Christine L.), Cornelissen, S. (Sten), Couch, F. J. (Fergus J.), Cox, A. (Angela), Cross, S. S. (Simon S.), Czene, K. (Kamila), Daly, M. B. (Mary B.), Devilee, P. (Peter), Diez, O. (Orland), Domchek, S. M. (Susan M.), Doerk, T. (Thilo), Dwek, M. (Miriam), Eccles, D. M. (Diana M.), Ekici, A. B. (Arif B.), Evans, D. G. (D. Gareth), Fasching, P. A. (Peter A.), Figueroa, J. (Jonine), Foretova, L. (Lenka), Fostira, F. (Florentia), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Frost, D. (Debra), Gago-Dominguez, M. (Manuela), Gapstur, S. M. (Susan M.), Garber, J. (Judy), Garcia-Saenz, J. A. (Jose A.), Gaudet, M. M. (Mia M.), Gayther, S. A. (Simon A.), Giles, G. G. (Graham G.), Godwin, A. K. (Andrew K.), Goldberg, M. S. (Mark S.), Goldgar, D. E. (David E.), Gonzalez-Neira, A. (Anna), Greene, M. H. (Mark H.), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Guenel, P. (Pascal), Haeberle, L. (Lothar), Hahnen, E. (Eric), Haiman, C. A. (Christopher A.), Hake, C. R. (Christopher R.), Hall, P. (Per), Hamann, U. (Ute), Harkness, E. F. (Elaine F.), Heemskerk-Gerritsen, B. A. (Bernadette A. M.), Hillemanns, P. (Peter), Hogervorst, F. B. (Frans B. L.), Holleczek, B. (Bernd), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Hooning, M. J. (Maartje J.), Hoover, R. N. (Robert N.), Hopper, J. L. (John L.), Howell, A. (Anthony), Huebner, H. (Hanna), Hulick, P. J. (Peter J.), Imyanitov, E. N. (Evgeny N.), Isaacs, C. (Claudine), Izatt, L. (Louise), Jager, A. (Agnes), Jakimovska, M. (Milena), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), James, P. (Paul), Janavicius, R. (Ramunas), Janni, W. (Wolfgang), John, E. M. (Esther M.), Jones, M. E. (Michael E.), Jung, A. (Audrey), Kaaks, R. (Rudolf), Kapoor, P. M. (Pooja Middha), Karlan, B. Y. (Beth Y.), Keeman, R. (Renske), Khan, S. (Sofia), Khusnutdinova, E. (Elza), Kitahara, C. M. (Cari M.), Ko, Y.-D. (Yon-Dschun), Konstantopoulou, I. (Irene), Koppert, L. B. (Linetta B.), Koutros, S. (Stella), Kristensen, V. N. (Vessela N.), Laenkholm, A.-V. (Anne-Vibeke), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Larsson, S. C. (Susanna C.), Laurent-Puig, P. (Pierre), Lazaro, C. (Conxi), Lazarova, E. (Emilija), Lejbkowicz, F. (Flavio), Leslie, G. (Goska), Lesueur, F. (Fabienne), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Lissowska, J. (Jolanta), Lo, W.-Y. (Wing-Yee), Loud, J. T. (Jennifer T.), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Lukomska, A. (Alicja), Maclnnis, R. J. (Robert J.), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Manoochehri, M. (Mehdi), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Margolin, S. (Sara), Martinez, M. E. (Maria Elena), Matricardi, L. (Laura), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), McLean, C. (Catriona), Mebirouk, N. (Noura), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Menon, U. (Usha), Miller, A. (Austin), Mingazheva, E. (Elvira), Montagna, M. (Marco), Mulligan, A. M. (Anna Marie), Mulot, C. (Claire), Muranen, T. A. (Taru A.), Nathanson, K. L. (Katherine L.), Neuhausen, S. L. (Susan L.), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Neven, P. (Patrick), Newman, W. G. (William G.), Nielsens, F. C. (Finn C.), Nikitina-Zake, L. (Liene), Nodora, J. (Jesse), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Olah, E. (Edith), Olopade, O. I. (Olufunmilayo, I), Olsson, H. (Hakan), Orr, N. (Nick), Papi, L. (Laura), Papp, J. (Janos), Park-Simon, T.-W. (Tjoung-Won), Parsons, M. T. (Michael T.), Peissel, B. (Bernard), Peixoto, A. (Ana), Peshkin, B. (Beth), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Peto, J. (Julian), Phillips, K.-A. (Kelly-Anne), Piedmonte, M. (Marion), Plaseska-Karanfilska, D. (Dijana), Prajzendanc, K. (Karolina), Prentice, R. (Ross), Prokofyeva, D. (Darya), Rack, B. (Brigitte), Radice, P. (Paolo), Ramus, S. J. (Susan J.), Rantala, J. (Johanna), Rashid, M. U. (Muhammad U.), Rennert, G. (Gad), Rennert, H. S. (Hedy S.), Risch, H. A. (Harvey A.), Romero, A. (Atocha), Rookus, M. A. (Matti A.), Ruebner, M. (Matthias), Ruediger, T. (Thomas), Saloustros, E. (Emmanouil), Sampson, S. (Sarah), Sandler, D. P. (Dale P.), Sawyer, E. J. (Elinor J.), Scheuner, M. T. (Maren T.), Schmutzler, R. K. (Rita K.), Schneeweiss, A. (Andreas), Schoemaker, M. J. (Minouk J.), Schoettker, B. (Ben), Schuermann, P. (Peter), Senter, L. (Leigha), Sharma, P. (Priyanka), Sherman, M. E. (Mark E.), Shu, X.-O. (Xiao-Ou), Singer, C. F. (Christian F.), Smichkoska, S. (Snezhana), Soucy, P. (Penny), Southey, M. C. (Melissa C.), Spinelli, J. J. (John J.), Stone, J. (Jennifer), Stoppa-Lyonnet, D. (Dominique), Swerdlow, A. J. (Anthony J.), Szabo, C. I. (Csilla, I), Tamimi, R. M. (Rulla M.), Tapper, W. J. (William J.), Taylor, J. A. (Jack A.), Teixeira, M. R. (Manuel R.), Terry, M. (MaryBeth), Thomassen, M. (Mads), Thull, D. L. (Darcy L.), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Toland, A. E. (Amanda E.), Tollenaar, R. A. (Rob A. E. M.), Tomlinson, I. (Ian), Torres, D. (Diana), Troester, M. A. (Melissa A.), Truong, T. (Therese), Tung, N. (Nadine), Untch, M. (Michael), Vachon, C. M. (Celine M.), van den Ouweland, A. M. (Ans M. W.), van der Kolk, L. E. (Lizet E.), van Veen, E. M. (Elke M.), vanRensburg, E. J. (Elizabeth J.), Vega, A. (Ana), Wappenschmidt, B. (Barbara), Weinberg, C. R. (Clarice R.), Weitzel, J. N. (Jeffrey N.), Wildiers, H. (Hans), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Wolk, A. (Alicja), Yang, X. R. (Xiaohong R.), Yannoukakos, D. (Drakoulis), Zheng, W. (Wei), Zorn, K. K. (Kristin K.), Milne, R. L. (Roger L.), Kraft, P. (Peter), Simard, J. (Jacques), Pharoah, P. D. (Paul D. P.), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Antoniou, A. C. (Antonis C.), Schmidt, M. K. (Marjanka K.), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Easton, D. F. (Douglas F.), Chatterjee, N. (Nilanjan), and Garcia-Closas, M. (Montserrat)
Abstract: Breast cancer susceptibility variants frequently show heterogeneity in associations by tumor subtype. To identify novel loci, we performed a genome-wide association study including 133,384 breast cancer cases and 113,789 controls, plus 18,908 BRCA1 mutation carriers (9,414 with breast cancer) of European ancestry, using both standard and novel methodologies that account for underlying tumor heterogeneity by estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status and tumor grade. We identified 32 novel susceptibility loci (P
Published: 2020

10. Considerations When Using Breast Cancer Risk Models for Women with Negative BRCA1/BRCA2 Mutation Results.

Author: John E.M., Terry M.B., Hopper J.L., Macinnis R.J., Liao Y., Knight J.A., Milne R.L., Whittemore A.S., Chung W.K., Leoce N., Buchsbaum R., Zeinomar N., Dite G.S., Southey M.C., Goldgar D., Phillips K.A., Giles G.G., Buys S.S., Daly M.B., McLachlan S.-A., Weideman P.C., Nesci S., Friedlander M.L., Glendon G., Andrulis I.L., John E.M., Terry M.B., Hopper J.L., Macinnis R.J., Liao Y., Knight J.A., Milne R.L., Whittemore A.S., Chung W.K., Leoce N., Buchsbaum R., Zeinomar N., Dite G.S., Southey M.C., Goldgar D., Phillips K.A., Giles G.G., Buys S.S., Daly M.B., McLachlan S.-A., Weideman P.C., Nesci S., Friedlander M.L., Glendon G., and Andrulis I.L.
Abstract: The performance of breast cancer risk models for women with a family history but negative BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutation test results is uncertain. We calculated the cumulative 10-year invasive breast cancer risk at cohort entry for 14 657 unaffected women (96.1% had an affected relative) not known to carry BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations at baseline using three pedigree-based models (Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm, BRCAPRO, and International Breast Cancer Intervention Study). During follow-up, 482 women were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. Mutation testing was conducted independent of incident cancers. All models underpredicted risk by 26.3%-56.7% for women who tested negative but whose relatives had not been tested (n = 1363; 63 breast cancers). Although replication studies with larger sample sizes are needed, until these models are recalibrated for women who test negative and have no relatives tested, caution should be used when considering changing the breast cancer risk management intensity of such women based on risk estimates from these models.Copyright © 2019 The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Published: 2020

11. Comparing Five-Year and Lifetime Risks of Breast Cancer in the Prospective Family Study Cohort.

Author: MacInnis R.J., Knight J.A., Chung W.K., Milne R.L., Whittemore A.S., Buchsbaum R., Liao Y., Zeinomar N., Dite G.S., Southey M.C., Goldgar D., Giles G.G., Kurian A.W., Andrulis I.L., John E.M., Daly M.B., Buys S.S., Phillips K.-A., Hopper J.L., Terry M.B., MacInnis R.J., Knight J.A., Chung W.K., Milne R.L., Whittemore A.S., Buchsbaum R., Liao Y., Zeinomar N., Dite G.S., Southey M.C., Goldgar D., Giles G.G., Kurian A.W., Andrulis I.L., John E.M., Daly M.B., Buys S.S., Phillips K.-A., Hopper J.L., and Terry M.B.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical guidelines often use predicted lifetime risk from birth to define criteria for making decisions regarding breast cancer screening rather than thresholds based on absolute 5-year risk from current age. METHOD(S): We used the Prospective Family Cohort Study of 14,657 women without breast cancer at baseline in which, during a median follow-up of 10years, 482 women were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. We examined the performances of the IBIS and BOADICEA risk models when using alternative thresholds by comparing predictions based on 5-year risk with those based on lifetime risk from birth and remaining lifetime risk. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULT(S): Using IBIS, the areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves were 0.66 (95% confidence interval = 0.63 to 0.68) and 0.56 (95% confidence interval = 0.54 to 0.59) for 5-year and lifetime risks, respectively (Pdiff<0.001). For equivalent sensitivities, the 5-year incidence almost always had higher specificities than lifetime risk from birth. For women aged 20-39years, 5-year risk performed better than lifetime risk from birth. For women aged 40years or more, receiver-operating characteristic curves were similar for 5-year and lifetime IBIS risk from birth. Classifications based on remaining lifetime risk were inferior to 5-year risk estimates. Results were similar using BOADICEA. CONCLUSION(S): Our analysis shows that risk stratification using clinical models will likely be more accurate when based on predicted 5-year risk compared with risks based on predicted lifetime and remaining lifetime, particularly for women aged 20-39years.Copyright © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Published: 2020

12. Cancer risks associated with germline PALB2 pathogenic variants: An international study of 524 families.

Author: Hake C., Redman J., Kleibl Z., Kleiblova P., Konstantopoulou I., Kvist A., Laduca H., Lee A.S.G., Lesueur F., Maher E.R., Mannermaa A., Manoukian S., McFarland R., McKinnon W., Meindl A., Metcalfe K., Taib N.A.M., Moilanen J., Nathanson K.L., Neuhausen S., Ng P.S., Nguyen-Dumont T., Nielsen S.M., Obermair F., Offit K., Olopade O.I., Ottini L., Penkert J., Pylkas K., Radice P., Ramus S.J., Rudaitis V., Side L., Silva-Smith R., Silvestri V., Skytte A.-B., Slavin T., Soukupova J., Tondini C., Trainer A.H., Unzeitig G., Usha L., Van Overeem Hansen T., Whitworth J., Wood M., Yip C.H., Yoon S.-Y., Yussuf A., Zogopoulos G., Goldgar D., Hopper J.L., Chenevix-Trench G., Pharoah P., George S.H.L., Balmana J., Houdayer C., James P., El-Haffaf Z., Ehrencrona H., Janatova M., Peterlongo P., Nevanlinna H., Schmutzler R., Teo S.-H., Robson M., Pal T., Couch F., Weitzel J.N., Elliott A., Southey M., Winqvist R., Easton D.F., Foulkes W.D., Antoniou A.C., Tischkowitz M., Yang X., Leslie G., Doroszuk A., Schneider S., Allen J., Decker B., Dunning A.M., Scarth J., Plaskocinska I., Luccarini C., Shah M., Pooley K., Dorling L., Leei A., Adank M.A., Adlard J., Aittomaki K., Andrulis I.L., Ang P., Barwell J., Bernstein J.L., Bobolis K., Borg A., Blomqvist C., Claes K.B.M., Concannon P., Cuggia A., Culver J.O., Damiola F., De Pauw A., Diez O., Dolinsky J.S., Domchek S.M., Engel C., Evans D.G., Fostira F., Garber J., Golmard L., Goode E.L., Gruber S.B., Hahnen E., Heikkinen T., Hurley J.E., Janavicius R., Hake C., Redman J., Kleibl Z., Kleiblova P., Konstantopoulou I., Kvist A., Laduca H., Lee A.S.G., Lesueur F., Maher E.R., Mannermaa A., Manoukian S., McFarland R., McKinnon W., Meindl A., Metcalfe K., Taib N.A.M., Moilanen J., Nathanson K.L., Neuhausen S., Ng P.S., Nguyen-Dumont T., Nielsen S.M., Obermair F., Offit K., Olopade O.I., Ottini L., Penkert J., Pylkas K., Radice P., Ramus S.J., Rudaitis V., Side L., Silva-Smith R., Silvestri V., Skytte A.-B., Slavin T., Soukupova J., Tondini C., Trainer A.H., Unzeitig G., Usha L., Van Overeem Hansen T., Whitworth J., Wood M., Yip C.H., Yoon S.-Y., Yussuf A., Zogopoulos G., Goldgar D., Hopper J.L., Chenevix-Trench G., Pharoah P., George S.H.L., Balmana J., Houdayer C., James P., El-Haffaf Z., Ehrencrona H., Janatova M., Peterlongo P., Nevanlinna H., Schmutzler R., Teo S.-H., Robson M., Pal T., Couch F., Weitzel J.N., Elliott A., Southey M., Winqvist R., Easton D.F., Foulkes W.D., Antoniou A.C., Tischkowitz M., Yang X., Leslie G., Doroszuk A., Schneider S., Allen J., Decker B., Dunning A.M., Scarth J., Plaskocinska I., Luccarini C., Shah M., Pooley K., Dorling L., Leei A., Adank M.A., Adlard J., Aittomaki K., Andrulis I.L., Ang P., Barwell J., Bernstein J.L., Bobolis K., Borg A., Blomqvist C., Claes K.B.M., Concannon P., Cuggia A., Culver J.O., Damiola F., De Pauw A., Diez O., Dolinsky J.S., Domchek S.M., Engel C., Evans D.G., Fostira F., Garber J., Golmard L., Goode E.L., Gruber S.B., Hahnen E., Heikkinen T., Hurley J.E., and Janavicius R.
Abstract: PURPOSE To estimate age-specific relative and absolute cancer risks of breast cancer and to estimate risks of ovarian, pancreatic, male breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers associated with germline PALB2 pathogenic variants (PVs) because these risks have not been extensively characterized. METHODS We analyzed data from 524 families with PALB2 PVs from 21 countries. Complex segregation analysis was used to estimate relative risks (RRs; relative to country-specific population incidences) and absolute risks of cancers. The models allowed for residual familial aggregation of breast and ovarian cancer and were adjusted for the family-specific ascertainment schemes. RESULTS We found associations between PALB2 PVs and risk of female breast cancer (RR, 7.18; 95% CI, 5.82 to 8.85; P = 6.5 x 10-76), ovarian cancer (RR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.40 to 6.04; P = 4.1 x 10-3), pancreatic cancer (RR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.24 to 4.50; P = 8.7 x 10-3), and male breast cancer (RR, 7.34; 95% CI, 1.28 to 42.18; P = 2.6 3 1022). There was no evidence for increased risks of prostate or colorectal cancer. The breast cancer RRs declined with age (P for trend = 2.0 x 10-3). After adjusting for family ascertainment, breast cancer risk estimates on the basis of multiple case families were similar to the estimates from families ascertained through population-based studies (P for difference = .41). On the basis of the combined data, the estimated risks to age 80 years were 53% (95% CI, 44% to 63%) for female breast cancer, 5% (95% CI, 2% to 10%) for ovarian cancer, 2%-3% (95% CI females, 1% to 4%; 95% CI males, 2% to 5%) for pancreatic cancer, and 1% (95% CI, 0.2% to 5%) for male breast cancer. CONCLUSION These results confirm PALB2 as a major breast cancer susceptibility gene and establish substantial associations between germline PALB2 PVs and ovarian, pancreatic, and male breast cancers. These findings will facilitate incorporation of PALB2 into risk prediction models and optimize the clinical cancer ri
Published: 2020

13. Integration of functional assay data results provides strong evidence for classification of hundreds of BRCA1 variants of uncertain significance

Author: Lyra, PCM, Nepomuceno, TC, de Souza, MLM, Machado, GF, Veloso, MF, Henriques, TB, dos Santos, DZ, Ribeiro, IG, Ribeiro, RS, Rangel, LBA, Richardson, M, Iversen, ES, Goldgar, D, Couch, FJ, Carvalho, MA, Monteiro, ANA, Lyra, PCM, Nepomuceno, TC, de Souza, MLM, Machado, GF, Veloso, MF, Henriques, TB, dos Santos, DZ, Ribeiro, IG, Ribeiro, RS, Rangel, LBA, Richardson, M, Iversen, ES, Goldgar, D, Couch, FJ, Carvalho, MA, and Monteiro, ANA
Abstract: PURPOSE: BRCA1 pathogenic variant heterozygotes are at a substantially increased risk for breast and ovarian cancer. The widespread uptake of testing has led to a significant increase in the detection of missense variants in BRCA1, the vast majority of which are variants of uncertain clinical significance (VUS), posing a challenge to genetic counseling. Here, we harness a wealth of functional data for thousands of variants to aid in variant classification. METHODS: We have collected, curated, and harmonized functional data for 2701 missense variants representing 24.5% of possible missense variants in BRCA1. Results were harmonized across studies by converting data into binary categorical variables (functional impact versus no functional impact). Using a panel of reference variants we identified a subset of assays with high sensitivity and specificity (≥80%) and apply the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) variant interpretation guidelines to assign evidence criteria for classification. RESULTS: Integration of data from validated assays provided ACMG/AMP evidence criteria in favor of pathogenicity for 297 variants or against pathogenicity for 2058 representing 96.2% of current VUS functionally assessed. We also explore discordant results and identify limitations in the approach. CONCLUSION: High quality functional data are available for BRCA1 missense variants and provide evidence for classification of 2355 VUS according to their pathogenicity.
Published: 2020

14. Differences in patient ascertainment affect the use of gene-specified ACMG/AMP phenotype-related variant classification criteria: Evidence for TP53

Author: Fortuno, C, Pesaran, T, Dolinsky, J, Yussuf, A, McGoldrick, K, Goldgar, D, James, PA, Spurdle, AB, Fortuno, C, Pesaran, T, Dolinsky, J, Yussuf, A, McGoldrick, K, Goldgar, D, James, PA, and Spurdle, AB
Abstract: The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) guidelines for variant classification are widely used for clinical interpretation of gene test results. These guidelines may be specified to genes/syndromes of interest to improve their utility in the clinical setting. As part of these specifications, phenotype-related criteria can be detailed and weighted depending on the personal history of disease for a given variant carrier. We investigated how ascertainment can affect the significance and/or weight of patient phenotype as a predictor of germline-variant pathogenicity, using the Li-Fraumeni Syndrome gene TP53 as an example. Likelihood ratios in favor of variant pathogenicity were determined for a report of the personal history of several TP53-related cancers, using data from 2,656 probands undergoing single-gene testing (SGT) and 15,483 undergoing multi-gene panel testing (MGPT). Overall, TP53-associated cancers were more predictive of pathogenicity, and demonstrated greater evidence weight, in the MGPT versus SGT dataset. This observation is almost certainly explained by differences in proband ascertainment for the two streams of testing, and these findings have implications for germline-variant classification using ACMG/AMP guidelines.
Published: 2020

15. Cancer Risks Associated With Germline PALB2 Pathogenic Variants: An International Study of 524 Families

Author: Yang, X, Leslie, G, Doroszuk, A, Schneider, S, Allen, J, Decker, B, Dunning, AM, Redman, J, Scarth, J, Plaskocinska, I, Luccarini, C, Shah, M, Pooley, K, Dorling, L, Lee, A, Adank, MA, Adlard, J, Aittomaki, K, Andrulis, IL, Ang, P, Barwell, J, Bernstein, JL, Bobolis, K, Borg, A, Blomqvist, C, Claes, KBM, Concannon, P, Cuggia, A, Culver, JO, Damiola, F, de Pauw, A, Diez, O, Dolinsky, JS, Domchek, SM, Engel, C, Evans, DG, Fostira, F, Garber, J, Golmard, L, Goode, EL, Gruber, SB, Hahnen, E, Hake, C, Heikkinen, T, Hurley, JE, Janavicius, R, Kleibl, Z, Kleiblova, P, Konstantopoulou, I, Kvist, A, Laduca, H, Lee, ASG, Lesueur, F, Maher, ER, Mannermaa, A, Manoukian, S, McFarland, R, McKinnon, W, Meindl, A, Metcalfe, K, Taib, NAM, Moilanen, J, Nathanson, KL, Neuhausen, S, Ng, PS, Nguyen-Dumont, T, Nielsen, SM, Obermair, F, Offit, K, Olopade, O, Ottini, L, Penkert, J, Pylkas, K, Radice, P, Ramus, SJ, Rudaitis, V, Side, L, Silva-Smith, R, Silvestri, V, Skytte, A-B, Slavin, T, Soukupova, J, Tondini, C, Trainer, AH, Unzeitig, G, Usha, L, Hansen, TVO, Whitworth, J, Wood, M, Yip, CH, Yoon, S-Y, Yussuf, A, Zogopoulos, G, Goldgar, D, Hopper, JL, Chenevix-Trench, G, Pharoah, P, George, SHL, Balmana, J, Houdayer, C, James, P, El-Haffaf, Z, Ehrencrona, H, Janatova, M, Peterlongo, P, Nevanlinna, H, Schmutzler, R, Teo, S-H, Robson, M, Pal, T, Couch, F, Weitzel, JN, Elliott, A, Southey, M, Winqvist, R, Easton, DF, Foulkes, WD, Antoniou, AC, Tischkowitz, M, Yang, X, Leslie, G, Doroszuk, A, Schneider, S, Allen, J, Decker, B, Dunning, AM, Redman, J, Scarth, J, Plaskocinska, I, Luccarini, C, Shah, M, Pooley, K, Dorling, L, Lee, A, Adank, MA, Adlard, J, Aittomaki, K, Andrulis, IL, Ang, P, Barwell, J, Bernstein, JL, Bobolis, K, Borg, A, Blomqvist, C, Claes, KBM, Concannon, P, Cuggia, A, Culver, JO, Damiola, F, de Pauw, A, Diez, O, Dolinsky, JS, Domchek, SM, Engel, C, Evans, DG, Fostira, F, Garber, J, Golmard, L, Goode, EL, Gruber, SB, Hahnen, E, Hake, C, Heikkinen, T, Hurley, JE, Janavicius, R, Kleibl, Z, Kleiblova, P, Konstantopoulou, I, Kvist, A, Laduca, H, Lee, ASG, Lesueur, F, Maher, ER, Mannermaa, A, Manoukian, S, McFarland, R, McKinnon, W, Meindl, A, Metcalfe, K, Taib, NAM, Moilanen, J, Nathanson, KL, Neuhausen, S, Ng, PS, Nguyen-Dumont, T, Nielsen, SM, Obermair, F, Offit, K, Olopade, O, Ottini, L, Penkert, J, Pylkas, K, Radice, P, Ramus, SJ, Rudaitis, V, Side, L, Silva-Smith, R, Silvestri, V, Skytte, A-B, Slavin, T, Soukupova, J, Tondini, C, Trainer, AH, Unzeitig, G, Usha, L, Hansen, TVO, Whitworth, J, Wood, M, Yip, CH, Yoon, S-Y, Yussuf, A, Zogopoulos, G, Goldgar, D, Hopper, JL, Chenevix-Trench, G, Pharoah, P, George, SHL, Balmana, J, Houdayer, C, James, P, El-Haffaf, Z, Ehrencrona, H, Janatova, M, Peterlongo, P, Nevanlinna, H, Schmutzler, R, Teo, S-H, Robson, M, Pal, T, Couch, F, Weitzel, JN, Elliott, A, Southey, M, Winqvist, R, Easton, DF, Foulkes, WD, Antoniou, AC, and Tischkowitz, M
Abstract: PURPOSE: To estimate age-specific relative and absolute cancer risks of breast cancer and to estimate risks of ovarian, pancreatic, male breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers associated with germline PALB2 pathogenic variants (PVs) because these risks have not been extensively characterized. METHODS: We analyzed data from 524 families with PALB2 PVs from 21 countries. Complex segregation analysis was used to estimate relative risks (RRs; relative to country-specific population incidences) and absolute risks of cancers. The models allowed for residual familial aggregation of breast and ovarian cancer and were adjusted for the family-specific ascertainment schemes. RESULTS: We found associations between PALB2 PVs and risk of female breast cancer (RR, 7.18; 95% CI, 5.82 to 8.85; P = 6.5 × 10-76), ovarian cancer (RR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.40 to 6.04; P = 4.1 × 10-3), pancreatic cancer (RR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.24 to 4.50; P = 8.7 × 10-3), and male breast cancer (RR, 7.34; 95% CI, 1.28 to 42.18; P = 2.6 × 10-2). There was no evidence for increased risks of prostate or colorectal cancer. The breast cancer RRs declined with age (P for trend = 2.0 × 10-3). After adjusting for family ascertainment, breast cancer risk estimates on the basis of multiple case families were similar to the estimates from families ascertained through population-based studies (P for difference = .41). On the basis of the combined data, the estimated risks to age 80 years were 53% (95% CI, 44% to 63%) for female breast cancer, 5% (95% CI, 2% to 10%) for ovarian cancer, 2%-3% (95% CI females, 1% to 4%; 95% CI males, 2% to 5%) for pancreatic cancer, and 1% (95% CI, 0.2% to 5%) for male breast cancer. CONCLUSION: These results confirm PALB2 as a major breast cancer susceptibility gene and establish substantial associations between germline PALB2 PVs and ovarian, pancreatic, and male breast cancers. These findings will facilitate incorporation of PALB2 into risk prediction models and optimize the clinical cance
Published: 2020

16. A network analysis to identify mediators of germline-driven differences in breast cancer prognosis

Author: Escala-Garcia, M. (Maria), Abraham, J. (Jean), Andrulis, I. L. (Irene L.), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Arndt, V. (Volker), Ashworth, A. (Alan), Auer, P. L. (Paul L.), Auvinen, P. (Paivi), Beckmann, M. W. (Matthias W.), Beesley, J. (Jonathan), Behrens, S. (Sabine), Benitez, J. (Javier), Bermisheva, M. (Marina), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Blot, W. (William), Bogdanova, N. V. (Natalia V.), Bojesen, S. E. (Stig E.), Bolla, M. K. (Manjeet K.), Borresen-Dale, A.-L. (Anne-Lise), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brucker, S. Y. (Sara Y.), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Caldas, C. (Carlos), Canzian, F. (Federico), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Chanock, S. J. (Stephen J.), Chin, S.-F. (Suet-Feung), Clarke, C. L. (Christine L.), Couch, F. J. (Fergus J.), Cox, A. (Angela), Cross, S. S. (Simon S.), Czene, K. (Kamila), Daly, M. B. (Mary B.), Dennis, J. (Joe), Devilee, P. (Peter), Dunn, J. A. (Janet A.), Dunning, A. M. (Alison M.), Dwek, M. (Miriam), Earl, H. M. (Helena M.), Eccles, D. M. (Diana M.), Eliassen, A. H. (A. Heather), Ellberg, C. (Carolina), Evans, D. G. (D. Gareth), Fasching, P. A. (Peter A.), Figueroa, J. (Jonine), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Gago-Dominguez, M. (Manuela), Gapstur, S. M. (Susan M.), Garcia-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Garcia-Saenz, J. A. (Jose A.), Gaudet, M. M. (Mia M.), George, A. (Angela), Giles, G. G. (Graham G.), Goldgar, D. E. (David E.), Gonzalez-Neira, A. (Anna), Grip, M. (Mervi), Guenel, P. (Pascal), Guo, Q. (Qi), Haiman, C. A. (Christopher A.), Hakansson, N. (Niclas), Hamann, U. (Ute), Harrington, P. A. (Patricia A.), Hiller, L. (Louise), Hooning, M. J. (Maartje J.), Hopper, J. L. (John L.), Howell, A. (Anthony), Huang, C.-S. (Chiun-Sheng), Huang, G. (Guanmengqian), Hunter, D. J. (David J.), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), John, E. M. (Esther M.), Kaaks, R. (Rudolf), Kapoor, P. M. (Pooja Middha), Keeman, R. (Renske), Kitahara, C. M. (Cari M.), Koppert, L. B. (Linetta B.), Kraft, P. (Peter), Kristensen, V. N. (Vessela N.), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Lejbkowicz, F. (Flavio), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Manoochehri, M. (Mehdi), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Margolin, S. (Sara), Martinez, M. E. (Maria Elena), Maurer, T. (Tabea), Mavroudis, D. (Dimitrios), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Milne, R. L. (Roger L.), Mulligan, A. M. (Anna Marie), Neuhausen, S. L. (Susan L.), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Newman, W. G. (William G.), Olshan, A. F. (Andrew F.), Olson, J. E. (Janet E.), Olsson, H. (Hakan), Orr, N. (Nick), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Petridis, C. (Christos), Prentice, R. L. (Ross L.), Presneau, N. (Nadege), Punie, K. (Kevin), Ramachandran, D. (Dhanya), Rennert, G. (Gad), Romero, A. (Atocha), Sachchithananthan, M. (Mythily), Saloustros, E. (Emmanouil), Sawyer, E. J. (Elinor J.), Schmutzler, R. K. (Rita K.), Schwentner, L. (Lukas), Scott, C. (Christopher), Simard, J. (Jacques), Sohn, C. (Christof), Southey, M. C. (Melissa C.), Swerdlow, A. J. (Anthony J.), Tamimi, R. M. (Rulla M.), Tapper, W. J. (William J.), Teixeira, M. R. (Manuel R.), Terry, M. B. (Mary Beth), Thorne, H. (Heather), Tollenaar, R. A. (Rob A. E. M.), Tomlinson, I. (Ian), Troester, M. A. (Melissa A.), Truong, T. (Therese), Turnbull, C. (Clare), Vachon, C. M. (Celine M.), van der Kolk, L. E. (Lizet E.), Wang, Q. (Qin), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Wolk, A. (Alicja), Yang, X. R. (Xiaohong R.), Ziogas, A. (Argyrios), Pharoah, P. D. (Paul D. P.), Hall, P. (Per), Wessels, L. F. (Lodewyk F. A.), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Bader, G. D. (Gary D.), Doerk, T. (Thilo), Easton, D. F. (Douglas F.), Canisius, S. (Sander), Schmidt, M. K. (Marjanka K.), Escala-Garcia, M. (Maria), Abraham, J. (Jean), Andrulis, I. L. (Irene L.), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Arndt, V. (Volker), Ashworth, A. (Alan), Auer, P. L. (Paul L.), Auvinen, P. (Paivi), Beckmann, M. W. (Matthias W.), Beesley, J. (Jonathan), Behrens, S. (Sabine), Benitez, J. (Javier), Bermisheva, M. (Marina), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Blot, W. (William), Bogdanova, N. V. (Natalia V.), Bojesen, S. E. (Stig E.), Bolla, M. K. (Manjeet K.), Borresen-Dale, A.-L. (Anne-Lise), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brucker, S. Y. (Sara Y.), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Caldas, C. (Carlos), Canzian, F. (Federico), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Chanock, S. J. (Stephen J.), Chin, S.-F. (Suet-Feung), Clarke, C. L. (Christine L.), Couch, F. J. (Fergus J.), Cox, A. (Angela), Cross, S. S. (Simon S.), Czene, K. (Kamila), Daly, M. B. (Mary B.), Dennis, J. (Joe), Devilee, P. (Peter), Dunn, J. A. (Janet A.), Dunning, A. M. (Alison M.), Dwek, M. (Miriam), Earl, H. M. (Helena M.), Eccles, D. M. (Diana M.), Eliassen, A. H. (A. Heather), Ellberg, C. (Carolina), Evans, D. G. (D. Gareth), Fasching, P. A. (Peter A.), Figueroa, J. (Jonine), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Gago-Dominguez, M. (Manuela), Gapstur, S. M. (Susan M.), Garcia-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Garcia-Saenz, J. A. (Jose A.), Gaudet, M. M. (Mia M.), George, A. (Angela), Giles, G. G. (Graham G.), Goldgar, D. E. (David E.), Gonzalez-Neira, A. (Anna), Grip, M. (Mervi), Guenel, P. (Pascal), Guo, Q. (Qi), Haiman, C. A. (Christopher A.), Hakansson, N. (Niclas), Hamann, U. (Ute), Harrington, P. A. (Patricia A.), Hiller, L. (Louise), Hooning, M. J. (Maartje J.), Hopper, J. L. (John L.), Howell, A. (Anthony), Huang, C.-S. (Chiun-Sheng), Huang, G. (Guanmengqian), Hunter, D. J. (David J.), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), John, E. M. (Esther M.), Kaaks, R. (Rudolf), Kapoor, P. M. (Pooja Middha), Keeman, R. (Renske), Kitahara, C. M. (Cari M.), Koppert, L. B. (Linetta B.), Kraft, P. (Peter), Kristensen, V. N. (Vessela N.), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Lejbkowicz, F. (Flavio), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Manoochehri, M. (Mehdi), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Margolin, S. (Sara), Martinez, M. E. (Maria Elena), Maurer, T. (Tabea), Mavroudis, D. (Dimitrios), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Milne, R. L. (Roger L.), Mulligan, A. M. (Anna Marie), Neuhausen, S. L. (Susan L.), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Newman, W. G. (William G.), Olshan, A. F. (Andrew F.), Olson, J. E. (Janet E.), Olsson, H. (Hakan), Orr, N. (Nick), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Petridis, C. (Christos), Prentice, R. L. (Ross L.), Presneau, N. (Nadege), Punie, K. (Kevin), Ramachandran, D. (Dhanya), Rennert, G. (Gad), Romero, A. (Atocha), Sachchithananthan, M. (Mythily), Saloustros, E. (Emmanouil), Sawyer, E. J. (Elinor J.), Schmutzler, R. K. (Rita K.), Schwentner, L. (Lukas), Scott, C. (Christopher), Simard, J. (Jacques), Sohn, C. (Christof), Southey, M. C. (Melissa C.), Swerdlow, A. J. (Anthony J.), Tamimi, R. M. (Rulla M.), Tapper, W. J. (William J.), Teixeira, M. R. (Manuel R.), Terry, M. B. (Mary Beth), Thorne, H. (Heather), Tollenaar, R. A. (Rob A. E. M.), Tomlinson, I. (Ian), Troester, M. A. (Melissa A.), Truong, T. (Therese), Turnbull, C. (Clare), Vachon, C. M. (Celine M.), van der Kolk, L. E. (Lizet E.), Wang, Q. (Qin), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Wolk, A. (Alicja), Yang, X. R. (Xiaohong R.), Ziogas, A. (Argyrios), Pharoah, P. D. (Paul D. P.), Hall, P. (Per), Wessels, L. F. (Lodewyk F. A.), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Bader, G. D. (Gary D.), Doerk, T. (Thilo), Easton, D. F. (Douglas F.), Canisius, S. (Sander), and Schmidt, M. K. (Marjanka K.)
Abstract: Identifying the underlying genetic drivers of the heritability of breast cancer prognosis remains elusive. We adapt a network-based approach to handle underpowered complex datasets to provide new insights into the potential function of germline variants in breast cancer prognosis. This network-based analysis studies ~7.3 million variants in 84,457 breast cancer patients in relation to breast cancer survival and confirms the results on 12,381 independent patients. Aggregating the prognostic effects of genetic variants across multiple genes, we identify four gene modules associated with survival in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and one in ER-positive disease. The modules show biological enrichment for cancer-related processes such as G-alpha signaling, circadian clock, angiogenesis, and Rho-GTPases in apoptosis.
Published: 2020

17. Assessing biases of information contained in pedigrees for the classification of BRCA-genetic variants: a study arising from the ENIGMA analytical working group

Author: Kerkhofs, C. H. H., Spurdle, A. B., Lindsey, P. J., Goldgar, D. E., and Gomez-Garcia, E. B.
Subjects: Gene mutations -- Identification and classification, Familial diseases -- Risk factors, Bias (Statistics) -- Observations, Health
Abstract: Author(s): C. H. H. Kerkhofs[sup.1] , A. B. Spurdle[sup.2] , P. J. Lindsey[sup.1] , D. E. Goldgar[sup.3] and E. B. GÃ³mez-GarcÃa[sup.1] Introduction A significant fraction of BRCA1/2 gene analyses result [...]
Published: 2016
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18. The Influence of Number and Timing of Pregnancies on Breast Cancer Risk for Women With BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutations

Author: Terry, MB, Liao, Y, Kast, K, Antoniou, AC, McDonald, JA, Mooij, TM, Engel, C, Nogues, C, Buecher, B, Mari, V, Moretta-Serra, J, Gladieff, L, Luporsi, E, Barrowdale, D, Frost, D, Henderson, A, Brewer, C, Evans, DG, Eccles, D, Cook, J, Ong, K-R, Izatt, L, Ahmed, M, Morrison, PJ, Dommering, CJ, Oosterwijk, JC, Ausems, MGEM, Kriege, M, Buys, SS, Andrulis, IL, John, EM, Daly, M, Friedlander, M, McLachlan, SA, Osorio, A, Caldes, T, Jakubowska, A, Simard, J, Singer, CF, Tan, Y, Olah, E, Navratilova, M, Foretova, L, Gerdes, A-M, Roos-Blom, M-J, Arver, B, Olsson, H, Schmutzler, RK, Hopper, JL, van Leeuwen, FE, Goldgar, D, Milne, RL, Easton, DF, Rookus, MA, Andrieu, N, and EMBRACE, GENEPSO, BCFR, HEBON, kConFab and IBCCS
Subjects: endocrine system diseases, skin and connective tissue diseases
Abstract: Background: Full-term pregnancy (FTP) is associated with a reduced breast cancer (BC) risk over time, but women are at increased BC risk in the immediate years following an FTP. No large prospective studies, however, have examined whether the number and timing of pregnancies are associated with BC risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Methods: Using weighted and time-varying Cox proportional hazards models, we investigated whether reproductive events are associated with BC risk for mutation carriers using a retrospective cohort (5707 BRCA1 and 3525 BRCA2 mutation carriers) and a prospective cohort (2276 BRCA1 and 1610 BRCA2 mutation carriers), separately for each cohort and the combined prospective and retrospective cohort. Results: For BRCA1 mutation carriers, there was no overall association with parity compared with nulliparity (combined hazard ratio [HRc] = 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.83 to 1.18). Relative to being uniparous, an increased number of FTPs was associated with decreased BC risk (HRc = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.69 to 0.91; HRc = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.59 to 0.82; HRc = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.40 to 0.63, for 2, 3, and ≥4 FTPs, respectively, Ptrend < .0001) and increasing duration of breastfeeding was associated with decreased BC risk (combined cohort Ptrend = .0003). Relative to being nulliparous, uniparous BRCA1 mutation carriers were at increased BC risk in the prospective analysis (prospective hazard ration [HRp] = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.09 to 2.62). For BRCA2 mutation carriers, being parous was associated with a 30% increase in BC risk (HRc = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.69), and there was no apparent decrease in risk associated with multiparity except for having at least 4 FTPs vs. 1 FTP (HRc = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.54 to 0.98). Conclusions: These findings suggest differential associations with parity between BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers with higher risk for uniparous BRCA1 carriers and parous BRCA2 carriers.
Published: 2019

19. Genome-wide association study of germline variants and breast cancer-specific mortality

Author: Escala-Garcia, M. (Maria), Guo, Q. (Qi), Doerk, T. (Thilo), Canisius, S. (Sander), Keeman, R. (Renske), Dennis, J. (Joe), Beesley, J. (Jonathan), Lecarpentier, J. (Julie), Bolla, M. K. (Manjeet K.), Wang, Q. (Qin), Abraham, J. (Jean), Andrulis, I. L. (Irene L.), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Arndt, V. (Volker), Auer, P. L. (Paul L.), Beckmann, M. W. (Matthias W.), Behrens, S. (Sabine), Benitez, J. (Javier), Bermisheva, M. (Marina), Bernstein, L. (Leslie), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Boeckx, B. (Bram), Bojesen, S. E. (Stig E.), Bonanni, B. (Bernardo), Borresen-Dale, A.-L. (Anne-Lise), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brentnall, A. (Adam), Brinton, L. (Louise), Broberg, P. (Per), Brock, I. W. (Ian W.), Brucker, S. Y. (Sara Y.), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Caldas, C. (Carlos), Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Campa, D. (Daniele), Canzian, F. (Federico), Carracedo, A. (Angel), Carter, B. D. (Brian D.), Castelao, J. E. (Jose E.), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Chanock, S. J. (Stephen J.), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Cheng, T. D. (Ting-Yuan David), Chin, S.-F. (Suet-Feung), Clarke, C. L. (Christine L.), Cordina-Duverger, E. (Emilie), Couch, F. J. (Fergus J.), Cox, D. G. (David G.), Cox, A. (Angela), Cross, S. S. (Simon S.), Czene, K. (Kamila), Daly, M. B. (Mary B.), Devilee, P. (Peter), Dunn, J. A. (Janet A.), Dunning, A. M. (Alison M.), Durcan, L. (Lorraine), Dwek, M. (Miriam), Earl, H. M. (Helena M.), Ekici, A. B. (Arif B.), Eliassen, A. H. (A. Heather), Ellberg, C. (Carolina), Engel, C. (Christoph), Eriksson, M. (Mikael), Evans, D. G. (D. Gareth), Figueroa, J. (Jonine), Flesch-Janys, D. (Dieter), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Gabrielson, M. (Marike), Gago-Dominguez, M. (Manuela), Galle, E. (Eva), Gapstur, S. M. (Susan M.), Garcia-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Garcia-Saenz, J. A. (Jose A.), Gaudet, M. M. (Mia M.), George, A. (Angela), Georgoulias, V. (Vassilios), Giles, G. G. (Graham G.), Glendon, G. (Gord), Goldgar, D. E. (David E.), Gonzalez-Neira, A. (Anna), Alnaes, G. I. (Grethe I. Grenaker), Grip, M. (Mervi), Guenel, P. (Pascal), Haeberle, L. (Lothar), Hahnen, E. (Eric), Haiman, C. A. (Christopher A.), Hakansson, N. (Niclas), Hall, P. (Per), Hamann, U. (Ute), Hankinson, S. (Susan), Harkness, E. F. (Elaine F.), Harrington, P. A. (Patricia A.), Hart, S. N. (Steven N.), Hartikainen, J. M. (Jaana M.), Hein, A. (Alexander), Hillemanns, P. (Peter), Hiller, L. (Louise), Holleczek, B. (Bernd), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Hooning, M. J. (Maartje J.), Hoover, R. N. (Robert N.), Hopper, J. L. (John L.), Howell, A. (Anthony), Huang, G. (Guanmengqian), Humphreys, K. (Keith), Hunter, D. J. (David J.), Janni, W. (Wolfgang), John, E. M. (Esther M.), Jones, M. E. (Michael E.), Jukkola-Vuorinen, A. (Arja), Jung, A. (Audrey), Kaaks, R. (Rudolf), Kabisch, M. (Maria), Kaczmarek, K. (Katarzyna), Kerin, M. J. (Michael J.), Khan, S. (Sofia), Khusnutdinova, E. (Elza), Kiiski, J. I. (Johanna, I), Kitahara, C. M. (Cari M.), Knight, J. A. (Julia A.), Ko, Y.-D. (Yon-Dschun), Koppert, L. B. (Linetta B.), Kosma, V.-M. (Veli-Matti), Kraft, P. (Peter), Kristensen, V. N. (Vessela N.), Kruger, U. (Ute), Kuehl, T. (Tabea), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Lee, E. (Eunjung), Lejbkowicz, F. (Flavio), Li, L. (Lian), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Lindstrom, S. (Sara), Linet, M. (Martha), Lissowska, J. (Jolanta), Lo, W.-Y. (Wing-Yee), Loibl, S. (Sibylle), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Lux, M. P. (Michael P.), MacInnis, R. J. (Robert J.), Maierthaler, M. (Melanie), Maishman, T. (Tom), Makalic, E. (Enes), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Manoochehri, M. (Mehdi), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Margolin, S. (Sara), Martinez, M. E. (Maria Elena), Mavroudis, D. (Dimitrios), McLean, C. (Catriona), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Middha, P. (Pooja), Miller, N. (Nicola), Milne, R. L. (Roger L.), Moreno, F. (Fernando), Mulligan, A. M. (Anna Marie), Mulot, C. (Claire), Nassir, R. (Rami), Neuhausen, S. L. (Susan L.), Newman, W. T. (William T.), Nielsen, S. F. (Sune F.), Nordestgaard, B. G. (Borge G.), Norman, A. (Aaron), Olsson, H. (Hakan), Orr, N. (Nick), Pankratz, V. S. (V. Shane), Park-Simon, T.-W. (Tjoung-Won), Perez, J. I. (Jose I. A.), Perez-Barrios, C. (Clara), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Petridis, C. (Christos), Pinchev, M. (Mila), Prajzendanc, K. (Karoliona), Prentice, R. (Ross), Presneau, N. (Nadege), Prokofieva, D. (Darya), Pylkas, K. (Katri), Rack, B. (Brigitte), Radice, P. (Paolo), Ramachandran, D. (Dhanya), Rennert, G. (Gadi), Rennert, H. S. (Hedy S.), Rhenius, V. (Valerie), Romero, A. (Atocha), Roylance, R. (Rebecca), Saloustros, E. (Emmanouil), Sawyer, E. J. (Elinor J.), Schmidt, D. F. (Daniel F.), Schmutzler, R. K. (Rita K.), Schneeweiss, A. (Andreas), Schoemaker, M. J. (Minouk J.), Schumacher, F. (Fredrick), Schwentner, L. (Lukas), Scott, R. J. (Rodney J.), Scott, C. (Christopher), Seynaeve, C. (Caroline), Shah, M. (Mitul), Simard, J. (Jacques), Smeets, A. (Ann), Sohn, C. (Christof), Southey, M. C. (Melissa C.), Swerdlow, A. J. (Anthony J.), Talhouk, A. (Aline), Tamimi, R. M. (Rulla M.), Tapper, W. J. (William J.), Teixeira, M. R. (Manuel R.), Tengstrom, M. (Maria), Terry, M. B. (Mary Beth), Thoene, K. (Kathrin), Tollenaar, R. A. (Rob A. E. M.), Tomlinson, I. (Ian), Torres, D. (Diana), Truong, T. (Therese), Turman, C. (Constance), Turnbull, C. (Clare), Ulmer, H.-U. (Hans-Ulrich), Untch, M. (Michael), Vachon, C. (Celine), van Asperen, C. J. (Christi J.), van den Ouweland, A. M. (Ans M. W.), van Veen, E. M. (Elke M.), Wendt, C. (Camilla), Whittemore, A. S. (Alice S.), Willett, W. (Walter), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Wolk, A. (Alicja), Yang, X. R. (Xiaohong R.), Zhang, Y. (Yan), Easton, D. F. (Douglas F.), Fasching, P. A. (Peter A.), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Eccles, D. M. (Diana M.), Pharoah, P. D. (Paul D. P.), and Schmidt, M. K. (Marjanka K.)
Abstract: Background: We examined the associations between germline variants and breast cancer mortality using a large meta-analysis of women of European ancestry. Methods: Meta-analyses included summary estimates based on Cox models of twelve datasets using ~10.4 million variants for 96,661 women with breast cancer and 7697 events (breast cancer-specific deaths). Oestrogen receptor (ER)-specific analyses were based on 64,171 ER-positive (4116) and 16,172 ER-negative (2125) patients. We evaluated the probability of a signal to be a true positive using the Bayesian false discovery probability (BFDP). Results: We did not find any variant associated with breast cancer-specific mortality at P < 5 × 10−8. For ER-positive disease, the most significantly associated variant was chr7:rs4717568 (BFDP = 7%, P = 1.28 × 10−7, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.84–0.92); the closest gene is AUTS2. For ER-negative disease, the most significant variant was chr7:rs67918676 (BFDP = 11%, P = 1.38 × 10−7, HR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.16–1.39); located within a long intergenic non-coding RNA gene (AC004009.3), close to the HOXA gene cluster. Conclusions: We uncovered germline variants on chromosome 7 at BFDP
Published: 2019

20. Polygenic Risk Scores for Prediction of Breast Cancer and Breast Cancer Subtypes

Author: Mavaddat, N., Michailidou, K., Dennis, J., Lush, M., Fachal, L., Lee, A., Tyrer, J. P., Chen, T. H., Wang, Q., Bolla, M. K., Yang, X., Adank, M. A., Ahearn, T., Aittomaki, K., Allen, J., Andrulis, I. L., Anton-Culver, H., Antonenkova, N. N., Arndt, V., Aronson, K. J., Auer, P. L., Auvinen, P., Barrdahl, M., Beane Freeman, L. E., Beckmann, M. W., Behrens, S., Benitez, J., Bermisheva, M., Bernstein, L., Blomqvist, C., Bogdanova, N. V., Bojesen, S. E., Bonanni, B., Borresen-Dale, A. L., Brauch, H., Bremer, M., Brenner, H., Brentnall, A., Brock, I. W., Brooks-Wilson, A., Brucker, S. Y., Bruning, T., Burwinkel, B., Campa, D., Carter, B. D., Castelao Fernández, José Esteban, Chanock, S. J., Chlebowski, R., Christiansen, H., Clarke, C. L., Collee, J. M., Cordina-Duverger, E., Cornelissen, S., Couch, F. J., Cox, A., Cross, S. S., Czene, K., Daly, M. B., Devilee, P., Dork, T., Dos-Santos-Silva, I., Dumont, M., Durcan, L., Dwek, M., Eccles, D. M., Ekici, A. B., Eliassen, A. H., Ellberg, C., Engel, C., Eriksson, M., Evans, D. G., Fasching, P. A., Figueroa, J., Fletcher, O., Flyger, H., Forsti, A., Fritschi, L., Gabrielson, M., Gago Dominguez, Manuela, Gapstur, S. M., Garcia-Saenz, J. A., Gaudet, M. M., Georgoulias, V., Giles, G. G., Gilyazova, I. R., Glendon, G., Goldberg, M. S., Goldgar, D. E., Gonzalez-Neira, A., Grenaker Alnaes, G. I., Grip, M., Gronwald, J., Grundy, A., Guenel, P., Haeberle, L., Hahnen, E., Haiman, C. A., Hakansson, N., Hamann, U., Hankinson, S. E., Muñoz Garzón, Victor, and others
Subjects: Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Multifactorial Inheritance, anciano, humanos, Age Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Breast Neoplasms, neoplasias de la mama, predisposición genética a la enfermedad, Middle Aged, adulto, Risk Assessment, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, herencia multifactorial, reproducibilidad de resultados, Receptors, Estrogen, evaluación de riesgos, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, anamnesis, Female, Medical History Taking, mediana edad, Aged
Abstract: Stratification of women according to their risk of breast cancer based on polygenic risk scores (PRSs) could improve screening and prevention strategies. Our aim was to develop PRSs, optimized for prediction of estrogen receptor (ER)-specific disease, from the largest available genome-wide association dataset and to empirically validate the PRSs in prospective studies. The development dataset comprised 94,075 case subjects and 75,017 control subjects of European ancestry from 69 studies, divided into training and validation sets. Samples were genotyped using genome-wide arrays, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected by stepwise regression or lasso penalized regression. The best performing PRSs were validated in an independent test set comprising 11,428 case subjects and 18,323 control subjects from 10 prospective studies and 190,040 women from UK Biobank (3,215 incident breast cancers). For the best PRSs (313 SNPs), the odds ratio for overall disease per 1 standard deviation in ten prospective studies was 1.61 (95%CI: 1.57-1.65) with area under receiver-operator curve (AUC) = 0.630 (95%CI: 0.628-0.651). The lifetime risk of overall breast cancer in the top centile of the PRSs was 32.6%. Compared with women in the middle quintile, those in the highest 1% of risk had 4.37- and 2.78-fold risks, and those in the lowest 1% of risk had 0.16- and 0.27-fold risks, of developing ER-positive and ER-negative disease, respectively. Goodness-of-fit tests indicated that this PRS was well calibrated and predicts disease risk accurately in the tails of the distribution. This PRS is a powerful and reliable predictor of breast cancer risk that may improve breast cancer prevention programs.
Published: 2019

21. The FANCM:p.Arg658* truncating variant is associated with risk of triple-negative breast cancer

Author: Figlioli, G., Bogliolo, M., Catucci, I., Caleca, L., Lasheras, S. V., Pujol, R., Kiiski, J. I., Muranen, T. A., Barnes, D. R., Dennis, J., Michailidou, K., Bolla, M. K., Leslie, G., Aalfs, C. M., Balleine, R., Baxter, R., Braye, S., Carpenter, J., Dahlstrom, J., Forbes, J., Lee, C. S., Marsh, D., Morey, A., Pathmanathan, N., Scott, R., Simpson, P., Spigelman, A., Wilcken, N., Yip, D., Zeps, N., Adank, M. A., Adlard, J., Agata, S., Cadoo, K., Agnarsson, B. A., Ahearn, T., Aittomaki, K., Ambrosone, C. B., Andrews, L., Anton-Culver, H., Antonenkova, N. N., Arndt, V., Arnold, N., Aronson, K. J., Arun, B. K., Asseryanis, E., Auber, B., Auvinen, P., Azzollini, J., Balmana, J., Barkardottir, R. B., Barrowdale, D., Barwell, J., Beane Freeman, L. E., Beauparlant, C. J., Beckmann, M. W., Behrens, S., Benitez, J., Berger, R., Bermisheva, M., Blanco, A. M., Blomqvist, C., Bogdanova, N. V., Bojesen, A., Bojesen, S. E., Bonanni, B., Borg, A., Brady, A. F., Brauch, H., Brenner, H., Bruning, T., Burwinkel, B., Buys, S. S., Caldes, T., Caliebe, A., Caligo, M. A., Campa, D., Campbell, I. G., Canzian, F., Castelao, J. E., Chang-Claude, J., Chanock, S. J., Claes, K. B. M., Clarke, C. L., Collavoli, A., Conner, T. A., Cox, D. G., Cybulski, C., Czene, K., Daly, M. B., de la Hoya, M., Devilee, P., Diez, O., Ding, Y. C., Dite, G. S., Ditsch, N., Domchek, S. M., Dorfling, C. M., dos-Santos-Silva, I., Durda, K., Dwek, M., Eccles, D. M., Ekici, A. B., Eliassen, A. H., Ellberg, C., Eriksson, M., Evans, D. G., Fasching, P. A., Figueroa, J., Flyger, H., Foulkes, W. D., Friebel, T. M., Friedman, E., Gabrielson, M., Gaddam, P., Gago-Dominguez, M., Gao, C., Gapstur, S. M., Garber, J., Garcia-Closas, M., Garcia-Saenz, J. A., Gaudet, M. M., Gayther, S. A., Belotti, M., Bertrand, O., Birot, A. -M., Buecher, B., Caputo, S., Dupre, A., Fourme, E., Gauthier-Villars, M., Golmard, L., Le Mentec, M., Moncoutier, V., de Pauw, A., Saule, C., Boutry-Kryza, N., Calender, A., Giraud, S., Leone, M., Bressac-de-Paillerets, B., Caron, O., Guillaud-Bataille, M., Bignon, Y. -J., Uhrhammer, N., Bonadona, V., Lasset, C., Berthet, P., Castera, L., Vaur, D., Bourdon, V., Nogues, C., Noguchi, T., Popovici, C., Remenieras, A., Sobol, H., Coupier, I., Pujol, P., Adenis, C., Dumont, A., Revillion, F., Muller, D., Barouk-Simonet, E., Bonnet, F., Bubien, V., Longy, M., Sevenet, N., Gladieff, L., Guimbaud, R., Feillel, V., Toulas, C., Dreyfus, H., Leroux, C. D., Peysselon, M., Rebischung, C., Legrand, C., Baurand, A., Bertolone, G., Coron, F., Faivre, L., Jacquot, C., Lizard, S., Kientz, C., Lebrun, M., Prieur, F., Fert-Ferrer, S., Mari, V., Venat-Bouvet, L., Bezieau, S., Delnatte, C., Mortemousque, I., Colas, C., Coulet, F., Soubrier, F., Warcoin, M., Bronner, M., Sokolowska, J., Collonge-Rame, M. -A., Damette, A., Gesta, P., Lallaoui, H., Chiesa, J., Molina-Gomes, D., Ingster, O., Manouvrier-Hanu, S., Lejeune, S., Giles, G. G., Glendon, G., Godwin, A. K., Goldberg, M. S., Goldgar, D. E., Guenel, P., Gutierrez-Barrera, A. M., Haeberle, L., Haiman, C. A., Hakansson, N., Hall, P., Hamann, U., Harrington, P. A., Hein, A., Heyworth, J., Hillemanns, P., Hollestelle, A., Hopper, J. L., Hosgood, H. D., Howell, A., Hu, C., Hulick, P. J., Hunter, D. J., Imyanitov, E. N., Aghmesheh, M., Greening, S., Amor, D., Gattas, M., Botes, L., Buckley, M., Friedlander, M., Koehler, J., Meiser, B., Saleh, M., Salisbury, E., Trainer, A., Tucker, K., Antill, Y., Dobrovic, A., Fellows, A., Fox, S., Harris, M., Nightingale, S., Phillips, K., Sambrook, J., Thorne, H., Armitage, S., Arnold, L., Kefford, R., Kirk, J., Rickard, E., Bastick, P., Beesley, J., Hayward, N., Spurdle, A., Walker, L., Beilby, J., Saunders, C., Bennett, I., Blackburn, A., Bogwitz, M., Gaff, C., Lindeman, G., Pachter, N., Scott, C., Sexton, A., Visvader, J., Taylor, J., Winship, I., Brennan, M., Brown, M., French, J., Edwards, S., Burgess, M., Burke, J., Patterson, B., Butow, P., Culling, B., Caldon, L., Callen, D., Chauhan, D., Eisenbruch, M., Heiniger, L., Chauhan, M., Christian, A., Dixon, J., Kidd, A., Cohen, P., Colley, A., Fenton, G., Crook, A., Dickson, R., Field, M., Cui, J., Cummings, M., Dawson, S. -J., Defazio, A., Delatycki, M., Dudding, T., Edkins, T., Farshid, G., Flanagan, J., Fong, P., Forrest, L., Gallego-Ortega, D., George, P., Gill, G., Kollias, J., Haan, E., Hart, S., Jenkins, M., Hunt, C., Lakhani, S., Lipton, L., Lobb, L., Mann, G., Mclachlan, S. A., O'Connell, S., O'Sullivan, S., Pieper, E., Robinson, B., Saunus, J., Scott, E., Shelling, A., Williams, R., Young, M. A., Isaacs, C., Jakimovska, M., Jakubowska, A., James, P., Janavicius, R., Janni, W., John, E. M., Jones, M. E., Jung, A., Kaaks, R., Karlan, B. Y., Khusnutdinova, E., Kitahara, C. M., Konstantopoulou, I., Koutros, S., Kraft, P., Lambrechts, D., Lazaro, C., Le Marchand, L., Lester, J., Lesueur, F., Lilyquist, J., Loud, J. T., K. H., Lu, Luben, R. N., Lubinski, J., Mannermaa, A., Manoochehri, M., Manoukian, S., Margolin, S., Martens, J. W. M., Maurer, T., Mavroudis, D., Mebirouk, N., Meindl, A., Menon, U., Miller, A., Montagna, M., Nathanson, K. L., Neuhausen, S. L., Newman, W. G., Nguyen-Dumont, T., Nielsen, F. C., Nielsen, S., Nikitina-Zake, L., Offit, K., Olah, E., Olopade, O. I., Olshan, A. F., Olson, J. E., Olsson, H., Osorio, A., Ottini, L., Peissel, B., Peixoto, A., Peto, J., Plaseska-Karanfilska, D., Pocza, T., Presneau, N., Pujana, M. A., Punie, K., Rack, B., Rantala, J., Rashid, M. U., Rau-Murthy, R., Rennert, G., Lejbkowicz, F., Rhenius, V., Romero, A., Rookus, M. A., Ross, E. A., Rossing, M., Rudaitis, V., Ruebner, M., Saloustros, E., Sanden, K., Santamarina, M., Scheuner, M. T., Schmutzler, R. K., Schneider, M., Senter, L., Shah, M., Sharma, P., Shu, X. -O., Simard, J., Singer, C. F., Sohn, C., Soucy, P., Southey, M. C., Spinelli, J. J., Steele, L., Stoppa-Lyonnet, D., Tapper, W. J., Teixeira, M. R., Terry, M. B., Thomassen, M., Thompson, J., Thull, D. L., Tischkowitz, M., Tollenaar, R. A. E. M., Torres, D., Troester, M. A., Truong, T., Tung, N., Untch, M., Vachon, C. M., van Rensburg, E. J., van Veen, E. M., Vega, A., Viel, A., Wappenschmidt, B., Weitzel, J. N., Wendt, C., Wieme, G., Wolk, A., Yang, X. R., Zheng, W., Ziogas, A., Zorn, K. K., Dunning, A. M., Lush, M., Wang, Q., Mcguffog, L., Parsons, M. T., Pharoah, P. D. P., Fostira, F., Toland, A. E., Andrulis, I. L., Ramus, S. J., Swerdlow, A. J., Greene, M. H., Chung, W. K., Milne, R. L., Chenevix-Trench, G., Dork, T., Schmidt, M. K., Easton, D. F., Radice, P., Hahnen, E., Antoniou, A. C., Couch, F. J., Nevanlinna, H., Surralles, J., Peterlongo, P., Caleca, Laura [0000-0002-3381-7493], Muranen, Taru A. [0000-0002-5895-1808], Dennis, Joe [0000-0003-4591-1214], Adlard, Julian [0000-0002-1693-0435], Arndt, Volker [0000-0001-9320-8684], Auber, Bernd [0000-0003-1880-291X], Bonanni, Bernardo [0000-0003-3589-2128], Brauch, Hiltrud [0000-0001-7531-2736], Devilee, Peter [0000-0002-8023-2009], Foulkes, William D. [0000-0001-7427-4651], Isaacs, Claudine [0000-0002-9646-1260], Jakimovska, Milena [0000-0002-1506-0669], Konstantopoulou, Irene [0000-0002-0470-0309], Lesueur, Fabienne [0000-0001-7404-4549], Menon, Usha [0000-0003-3708-1732], Miller, Austin [0000-0001-9739-8462], Peto, Julian [0000-0002-1685-8912], Punie, Kevin [0000-0002-1162-7963], Romero, Atocha [0000-0002-1634-7397], Saloustros, Emmanouil [0000-0002-0485-0120], Scott, Christopher [0000-0003-1340-0647], Viel, Alessandra [0000-0003-2804-0840], Wieme, Greet [0000-0003-2718-5300], Zheng, Wei [0000-0003-1226-070X], Ziogas, Argyrios [0000-0003-4529-3727], Greene, Mark H. [0000-0003-1852-9239], Nevanlinna, Heli [0000-0002-0916-2976], Peterlongo, Paolo [0000-0001-6951-6855], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Medical Oncology, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), IFOM, Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center - Academisch Medisch Centrum [Amsterdam] (AMC), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, University Hospital and University of Iceland School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig–Holstein, Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], University of Iceland [Reykjavik]-Landspitali - University Hospital, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Leicestershire Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospitals Leicester, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch [Bethesda, Maryland], Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics [Bethesda, Maryland], National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Departemento Genetica Humana, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Oncologicas, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of Ufa Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Department of Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (MHH), Hannover Medical School [Hannover] (MHH), Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University [Lund]-Skåne University Hospital, North West Thames Regional Genetics, Northwick Park Hospital, Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute for Clinical Pharmacology [Stuttgart], Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA), Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Section of Genetic Oncology, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Centre-Pomeranian Medical University [Szczecin] (PUM), Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Division of Population Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Department of Human Genetics & Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Oncogenetics Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology [Munich, Germany], University-Hospital Munich-Großhadern [München]-Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]-University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Wessex clinical genetics service, Lund University Hospital, Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester [Manchester], Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Department of Human Genetics [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California (USC)-Keck School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of Southern California (USC), University of Melbourne, Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Cancer Care Ontario, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center [Kansas City, KS, USA], International Agency for Cancer Research (IACR), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of OB/Gyn, University Breast Center Franconia, Univeristy Hospital Erlangen, Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM)-Department of Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Josephine Nefkens Institute and Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Centre for MEGA Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, The Christie, Department of Statistics, Penn State University, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Department of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion, Vilnius University [Vilnius]-Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics [Bashkortostan Republic, Russia], Russian Academy of Sciences / Ufa Scientific Centre [Bashkortostan Republic, Russia]], National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos' (NCSR), Harvard School of Public Health, Laboratory for translational genetics Leuven, Genetic Counseling and Hereditary Cancer Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Cancer et génome: Bioinformatique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie d'un système complexe, Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Clinical Genetics Branch, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS INT, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Institute for Women's Health [London], University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, Department of Medicine, Medical Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center-Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Section Génétique - Groupe Prédispositions génétiques au cancer, Centre International de Recherche contre le Cancer (CIRC), Clinical Genetics Service, Memorial Sloane Kettering Cancer Center [New York], Department of Molecular Genetics and Department of Chemotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, University of Chicago, Recherches épidémiologiques et statistiques sur l'environnement et la santé., Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular Medicine, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), University of Munich, Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Umm Al-Qura University, Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, CHS National Cancer Control Center, Netherlands Cancer Institute, IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), Division of Molecular Gyneco-Oncology, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center Un, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine [Nashville], Laboratoire de Génomique des Cancers, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Division of Special Gynecology, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna-Department of OB/GYN, Division Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Unité de génétique et biologie des cancers (U830), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Department of Epidemiology [Columbia University], Columbia University [New York]-Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University [New York], Odense University Hospital, Instituto de Genética Humana, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), HELIOS Hospital Berlin-Buch, Cancer Genetics Laboratory, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Genomic Medicine Group, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), Division of Experimental Oncology 1, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), Division of Molecular Gyneco-Oncology, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, Center for Astrophysical Sciences [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), European Bioinformatics Institute [Hinxton] (EMBL-EBI), EMBL Heidelberg, University of Science and Technology Beijing [Beijing] (USTB), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM)-Department of Public Health and Primary Care-Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics [Colombus], Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU)-College of Medicine and Public Health [Colombus], Departments of Molecular Genetics and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto-Cancer Care Ontario, The institute of cancer research [London], Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Cancer Research U.K. Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Unit of Genetic Susceptibility to Cancer, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medici, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine-Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Muranen, Taru A [0000-0002-5895-1808], Foulkes, William D [0000-0001-7427-4651], Greene, Mark H [0000-0003-1852-9239], Institut Català de la Salut, [Figlioli G, Catucci I] IFOM - the FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Genome Diagnostics Program, Milan, Italy. [Bogliolo M, Pujol R] Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain. Institute of Biomedical Research, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain. [Caleca L] Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Milan, Italy. [Lasheras SV] Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. [Balmaña J] High Risk and Cancer Prevention Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain. Oncologia Mèdica, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. [Diez O] Oncogenetics Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain. Genètica, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Universiteit Leiden-Universiteit Leiden, University of Pennsylvania-University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, Georgetown University [Washington] (GU), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, European Project: 634935,H2020,H2020-PHC-2014-two-stage,BRIDGES(2015), European Project: 633784,H2020,H2020-PHC-2014-two-stage,B-CAST(2015), European Project: 223175,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2007-B,COGS(2009), Human Genetics, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Università degli studi di Milano [Milano], University Hospitals of Leicester, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pomeranian Medical University-International Hereditary Cancer Centre, McGill University, University of Kansas Medical Center [Lawrence], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Oncology-University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf [Düsseldorf], Cancer et génôme: Bioinformatique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie d'un système complexe, MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-Institut Curie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], IT University of Copenhagen, Laval University [Québec], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut Curie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, University of Santiago de Compostela, Læknadeild (HÍ), Faculty of Medicine (UI), Biomedical Center (UI), Lífvísindasetur (HÍ), Heilbrigðisvísindasvið (HÍ), School of Health Sciences (UI), Háskóli Íslands, University of Iceland, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Universidade do Porto, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Unión Europea. Comisión Europea, Against Breast Cancer, Cancer Research UK (Reino Unido), Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. H2020, Cancer UK Grant, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ministère de Économie, de la science et de innovation (Canadá), NIH - National Cancer Institute (NCI) (Estados Unidos), Dutch Cancer Society (Holanda), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Xunta de Galicia (España), Canadian Cancer Society, California Breast Cancer Research Program, California Department of Public Health, Medical Research Council (Reino Unido), Free State of Saxony, Germany (LIFE -Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases), Federal Ministry of Education & Research (Alemania), German Cancer Aid, Helsinki University Central Hospital Research Fund, Finlands Akademi (Finlandia), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Alemania), Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Rusia), National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), Biobanking and BioMolecular resources Research Infrastructure (Países Bajos), Estée Lauder Companies’ Breast Cancer Campaign, Swedish Research Council, NIH - National Cancer Institute (NCI). Specialized Programs of Research Excellence (SPOREs) (Estados Unidos), Lon V. Smith Foundation, Research Coincil of Lithuania, Italian Association for Cancer Research, University of Kansas. Cancer Center (Estados Unidos), Unión Europea. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER/ERDF), French National Cancer Institute, Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, Pink Ribbons Project, United States of Department of Health & Human Services, HUS Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Kristiina Aittomäki / Principal Investigator, HUSLAB, University Management, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biosciences, Helsinki University Hospital, and Lietuvos Mokslo Taryba (Lituania)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Gene mutation, Càncer - Aspectes genètics, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, Mama - Càncer, Fanconi anemia, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Brjóstakrabbamein, Medicine and Health Sciences, Pharmacology (medical), FANCM, 631/208/68, skin and connective tissue diseases, Cancer genetics, Triple-negative breast cancer, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Otros calificadores::Otros calificadores::/genética [Otros calificadores], article, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, 3. Good health, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Neoplasms::Neoplasms by Site::Breast Neoplasms::Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms [DISEASES], [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, 3122 Cancers, ABCTB Investigators, lcsh:RC254-282, KConFab, Olaparib, Càncer de mama, GEMO Study Collaborators, 03 medical and health sciences, breast cancer, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, 631/67/68, medicine, Other subheadings::Other subheadings::/genetics [Other subheadings], Erfðafræði, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, ddc:610, Risk factor, CHEK2, Krabbamein, Cancer och onkologi, FancM, Science & Technology, cancer, MUTATIONS, business.industry, ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/mcrc, Biology and Life Sciences, nutritional and metabolic diseases, cancer genetics, medicine.disease, GENE, Expressió gènica, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, neoplasias::neoplasias por localización::neoplasias de la mama::neoplasias de mama triple negativos [ENFERMEDADES], 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, 692/4028/67/68, Cancer and Oncology, FANCONI-ANEMIA, Cancer research, gene expression, C.5791C-GREATER-THAN-T, business
Abstract: Publisher's version (útgefin grein), Breast cancer is a common disease partially caused by genetic risk factors. Germline pathogenic variants in DNA repair genes BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, and CHEK2 are associated with breast cancer risk. FANCM, which encodes for a DNA translocase, has been proposed as a breast cancer predisposition gene, with greater effects for the ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. We tested the three recurrent protein-truncating variants FANCM:p.Arg658*, p.Gln1701*, and p.Arg1931* for association with breast cancer risk in 67,112 cases, 53,766 controls, and 26,662 carriers of pathogenic variants of BRCA1 or BRCA2. These three variants were also studied functionally by measuring survival and chromosome fragility in FANCM−/− patient-derived immortalized fibroblasts treated with diepoxybutane or olaparib. We observed that FANCM:p.Arg658* was associated with increased risk of ER-negative disease and TNBC (OR = 2.44, P = 0.034 and OR = 3.79; P = 0.009, respectively). In a country-restricted analysis, we confirmed the associations detected for FANCM:p.Arg658* and found that also FANCM:p.Arg1931* was associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk (OR = 1.96; P = 0.006). The functional results indicated that all three variants were deleterious affecting cell survival and chromosome stability with FANCM:p.Arg658* causing more severe phenotypes. In conclusion, we confirmed that the two rare FANCM deleterious variants p.Arg658* and p.Arg1931* are risk factors for ER-negative and TNBC subtypes. Overall our data suggest that the effect of truncating variants on breast cancer risk may depend on their position in the gene. Cell sensitivity to olaparib exposure, identifies a possible therapeutic option to treat FANCM-associated tumors., Peterlongo laboratory is supported by Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC; IG2015 no.16732) to P. Peterlongo and by a fellowship from Fondazione Umberto Veronesi to G. Figlioli. Surrallés laboratory is supported by the ICREA-Academia program, the Spanish Ministry of Health (projects FANCOSTEM and FANCOLEN), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competiveness (projects CB06/07/0023 and RTI2018-098419-B-I00), the European Commission (EUROFANCOLEN project HEALTH-F5-2012-305421 and P-SPHERE COFUND project), the Fanconi Anemia Research Fund Inc, and the “Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, una manera de hacer Europa” (FEDER). CIBERER is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain. BCAC: we thank all the individuals who took part in these studies and all the researchers, clinicians, technicians and administrative staff who have enabled this work to be carried out. ABCFS thank Maggie Angelakos, Judi Maskiell, Tu Nguyen-Dumont is a National Breast Cancer Foundation (Australia) Career Development Fellow. ABCS thanks the Blood bank Sanquin, The Netherlands. Samples are made available to researchers on a non-exclusive basis. BCEES thanks Allyson Thomson, Christobel Saunders, Terry Slevin, BreastScreen Western Australia, Elizabeth Wylie, Rachel Lloyd. The BCINIS study would not have been possible without the contributions of Dr. Hedy Rennert, Dr. K. Landsman, Dr. N. Gronich, Dr. A. Flugelman, Dr. W. Saliba, Dr. E. Liani, Dr. I. Cohen, Dr. S. Kalet, Dr. V. Friedman, Dr. O. Barnet of the NICCC in Haifa, and all the contributing family medicine, surgery, pathology and oncology teams in all medical institutes in Northern Israel. The BREOGAN study would not have been possible without the contributions of the following: Manuela Gago-Dominguez, Jose Esteban Castelao, Angel Carracedo, Victor Muñoz Garzón, Alejandro Novo Domínguez, Maria Elena Martinez, Sara Miranda Ponte, Carmen Redondo Marey, Maite Peña Fernández, Manuel Enguix Castelo, Maria Torres, Manuel Calaza (BREOGAN), José Antúnez, Máximo Fraga and the staff of the Department of Pathology and Biobank of the University Hospital Complex of Santiago-CHUS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, IDIS, Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Santiago-SERGAS; Joaquín González-Carreró and the staff of the Department of Pathology and Biobank of University Hospital Complex of Vigo, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica Galicia Sur, SERGAS, Vigo, Spain. BSUCH thanks Peter Bugert, Medical Faculty Mannheim. CBCS thanks study participants, co-investigators, collaborators and staff of the Canadian Breast Cancer Study, and project coordinators Agnes Lai and Celine Morissette. CCGP thanks Styliani Apostolaki, Anna Margiolaki, Georgios Nintos, Maria Perraki, Georgia Saloustrou, Georgia Sevastaki, Konstantinos Pompodakis. CGPS thanks staff and participants of the Copenhagen General Population Study. For the excellent technical assistance: Dorthe Uldall Andersen, Maria Birna Arnadottir, Anne Bank, Dorthe Kjeldgård Hansen. The Danish Cancer Biobank is acknowledged for providing infrastructure for the collection of blood samples for the cases. Investigators from the CPS-II cohort thank the participants and Study Management Group for their invaluable contributions to this research. They also acknowledge the contribution to this study from central cancer registries supported through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Program of Cancer Registries, as well as cancer registries supported by the National Cancer Institute Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results program. The CTS Steering Committee includes Leslie Bernstein, Susan Neuhausen, James Lacey, Sophia Wang, Huiyan Ma, and Jessica Clague DeHart at the Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Dennis Deapen, Rich Pinder, and Eunjung Lee at the University of Southern California, Pam Horn-Ross, Peggy Reynolds, Christina Clarke Dur and David Nelson at the Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Hoda Anton-Culver, Argyrios Ziogas, and Hannah Park at the University of California Irvine, and Fred Schumacher at Case Western University. DIETCOMPLYF thanks the patients, nurses and clinical staff involved in the study. The DietCompLyf study was funded by the charity Against Breast Cancer (Registered Charity Number 1121258) and the NCRN. We thank the participants and the investigators of EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition). ESTHER thanks Hartwig Ziegler, Sonja Wolf, Volker Hermann, Christa Stegmaier, Katja Butterbach. FHRISK thanks NIHR for funding. GC-HBOC thanks Stefanie Engert, Heide Hellebrand, Sandra Kröber and LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (Markus Loeffler, Joachim Thiery, Matthias Nüchter, Ronny Baber). The GENICA Network: Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen, Germany [HB, Wing-Yee Lo], German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) [HB], Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy - EXC 2180 - 390900677 [HB], Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany [Yon-Dschun Ko, Christian Baisch], Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Germany [Hans-Peter Fischer], Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany [Ute Hamann], Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany [TB, Beate Pesch, Sylvia Rabstein, Anne Lotz]; and Institute of Occupational Medicine and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany [Volker Harth]. HABCS thanks Michael Bremer. HEBCS thanks Heidi Toiminen, Kristiina Aittomäki, Irja Erkkilä and Outi Malkavaara. HMBCS thanks Peter Hillemanns, Hans Christiansen and Johann H. Karstens. HUBCS thanks Shamil Gantsev. KARMA thanks the Swedish Medical Research Counsel. KBCP thanks Eija Myöhänen, Helena Kemiläinen. LMBC thanks Gilian Peuteman, Thomas Van Brussel, EvyVanderheyden and Kathleen Corthouts. MABCS thanks Milena Jakimovska (RCGEB “Georgi D. Efremov), Katerina Kubelka, Mitko Karadjozov (Adzibadem-Sistina” Hospital), Andrej Arsovski and Liljana Stojanovska (Re-Medika” Hospital) for their contributions and commitment to this study. MARIE thanks Petra Seibold, Dieter Flesch-Janys, Judith Heinz, Nadia Obi, Alina Vrieling, Sabine Behrens, Ursula Eilber, Muhabbet Celik, Til Olchers and Stefan Nickels. MBCSG (Milan Breast Cancer Study Group) thanks Daniela Zaffaroni, Irene Feroce, and the personnel of the Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory. We thank the coordinators, the research staff and especially the MMHS participants for their continued collaboration on research studies in breast cancer. MSKCC thanks Marina Corines and Lauren Jacobs. MTLGEBCS would like to thank Martine Tranchant (CHU de Québec Research Center), Marie-France Valois, Annie Turgeon and Lea Heguy (McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital; McGill University) for DNA extraction, sample management and skillful technical assistance. J.S. is Chairholder of the Canada Research Chair in Oncogenetics. NBHS thanks study participants and research staff for their contributions and commitment to the studies. We would like to thank the participants and staff of the Nurses’ Health Study and Nurses’ Health Study II for their valuable contributions as well as the following state cancer registries for their help: AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, ID, IL, IN, IA, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, NE, NH, NJ, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA, WA, WY. The study protocol was approved by the institutional review boards of the Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and those of participating registries as required. The authors assume full responsibility for analyses and interpretation of these data. OFBCR thanks Teresa Selander and Nayana Weerasooriya. ORIGO thanks E. Krol-Warmerdam, and J. Blom for patient accrual, administering questionnaires, and managing clinical information. PBCS thanks Louise Brinton, Mark Sherman, Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Beata Peplonska, Witold Zatonski, Pei Chao and Michael Stagner. The ethical approval for the POSH study is MREC /00/6/69, UKCRN ID: 1137. We thank staff in the Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC) supported Faculty of Medicine Tissue Bank and the Faculty of Medicine DNA Banking resource. PREFACE thanks Sonja Oeser and Silke Landrith. PROCAS thanks NIHR for funding. RBCS thanks Petra Bos, Jannet Blom, Ellen Crepin, Elisabeth Huijskens, Anja Kromwijk-Nieuwlaat, Annette Heemskerk, the Erasmus MC Family Cancer Clinic. We thank the SEARCH and EPIC teams. SKKDKFZS thanks all study participants, clinicians, family doctors, researchers and technicians for their contributions and commitment to this study. We thank the SUCCESS Study teams in Munich, Duessldorf, Erlangen and Ulm. SZBCS thanks Ewa Putresza. UCIBCS thanks Irene Masunaka. UKBGS thanks Breast Cancer Now and the Institute of Cancer Research for support and funding of the Breakthrough Generations Study, and the study participants, study staff, and the doctors, nurses and other health care providers and health information sources who have contributed to the study. We acknowledge NHS funding to the Royal Marsden/ICR NIHR Biomedical Research Centre. CIMBA: we are grateful to all the families and clinicians who contribute to the studies; Sue Healey, in particular taking on the task of mutation classification with the late Olga Sinilnikova; Maggie Angelakos, Judi Maskiell, Helen Tsimiklis; members and participants in the New York site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry; members and participants in the Ontario Familial Breast Cancer Registry; Vilius Rudaitis and Laimonas Griškevičius; Yuan Chun Ding and Linda Steele for their work in participant enrollment and biospecimen and data management; Bent Ejlertsen and Anne-Marie Gerdes for the recruitment and genetic counseling of participants; Alicia Barroso, Rosario Alonso and Guillermo Pita; all the individuals and the researchers who took part in CONSIT TEAM (Consorzio Italiano Tumori Ereditari Alla Mammella), thanks in particular: Giulia Cagnoli, Roberta Villa, Irene Feroce, Mariarosaria Calvello, Riccardo Dolcetti, Giuseppe Giannini, Laura Papi, Gabriele Lorenzo Capone, Liliana Varesco, Viviana Gismondi, Maria Grazia Tibiletti, Daniela Furlan, Antonella Savarese, Aline Martayan, Stefania Tommasi, Brunella Pilato, Isabella Marchi, Elena Bandieri, Antonio Russo, Daniele Calistri and the personnel of the Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy. FPGMX: members of the Cancer Genetics group (IDIS): Ana Blanco, Miguel Aguado, Uxía Esperón and Belinda Rodríguez. We thank all participants, clinicians, family doctors, researchers, and technicians for their contributions and commitment to the DKFZ study and the collaborating groups in Lahore, Pakistan (Noor Muhammad, Sidra Gull, Seerat Bajwa, Faiz Ali Khan, Humaira Naeemi, Saima Faisal, Asif Loya, Mohammed Aasim Yusuf) and Bogota, Colombia (Diana Torres, Ignacio Briceno, Fabian Gil). Genetic Modifiers of Cancer Risk in BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers (GEMO) study is a study from the National Cancer Genetics Network UNICANCER Genetic Group, France. We wish to pay a tribute to Olga M. Sinilnikova, who with Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet initiated and coordinated GEMO until she sadly passed away on the 30th June 2014. The team in Lyon (Olga Sinilnikova, Mélanie Léoné, Laure Barjhoux, Carole Verny-Pierre, Sylvie Mazoyer, Francesca Damiola, Valérie Sornin) managed the GEMO samples until the biological resource centre was transferred to Paris in December 2015 (Noura Mebirouk, Fabienne Lesueur, Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet). We want to thank all the GEMO collaborating groups for their contribution to this study. Drs.Sofia Khan, Irja Erkkilä and Virpi Palola; The Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands (HEBON) consists of the following Collaborating Centers: Netherlands Cancer Institute (coordinating center), Amsterdam, NL: M.A. Rookus, F.B.L. Hogervorst, F.E. van Leeuwen, M.A. Adank, M.K. Schmidt, N.S. Russell, D.J. Jenner; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, NL: J.M. Collée, A.M.W. van den Ouweland, M.J. Hooning, C.M. Seynaeve, C.H.M. van Deurzen, I.M. Obdeijn; Leiden University Medical Center, NL: C.J. van Asperen, P. Devilee, T.C.T.E.F. van Cronenburg; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, NL: C.M. Kets, A.R. Mensenkamp; University Medical Center Utrecht, NL: M.G.E.M. Ausems, M.J. Koudijs; Amsterdam Medical Center, NL: C.M. Aalfs, H.E.J. Meijers-Heijboer; VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, NL: K. van Engelen, J.J.P. Gille; Maastricht University Medical Center, NL: E.B. Gómez-Garcia, M.J. Blok; University of Groningen, NL: J.C. Oosterwijk, A.H. van der Hout, M.J. Mourits, G.H. de Bock; The Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL): S. Siesling, J.Verloop; The nationwide network and registry of histo- and cytopathology in The Netherlands (PALGA): A.W. van den Belt-Dusebout. HEBON thanks the study participants and the registration teams of IKNL and PALGA for part of the data collection. Overbeek; the Hungarian Breast and Ovarian Cancer Study Group members (Janos Papp, Aniko Bozsik, Zoltan Matrai, Miklos Kasler, Judit Franko, Maria Balogh, Gabriella Domokos, Judit Ferenczi, Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary) and the clinicians and patients for their contributions to this study; HVH (University Hospital Vall d’Hebron) the authors acknowledge the Oncogenetics Group (VHIO) and the High Risk and Cancer Prevention Unit of the University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Miguel Servet Progam (CP10/00617), and the Cellex Foundation for providing research facilities and equipment; the ICO Hereditary Cancer Program team led by Dr. Gabriel Capella; the ICO Hereditary Cancer Program team led by Dr. Gabriel Capella; Dr Martine Dumont for sample management and skillful assistance; Catarina Santos and Pedro Pinto; members of the Center of Molecular Diagnosis, Oncogenetics Department and Molecular Oncology Research Center of Barretos Cancer Hospital; Heather Thorne, Eveline Niedermayr, all the kConFab investigators, research nurses and staff, the heads and staff of the Family Cancer Clinics, and the Clinical Follow Up Study (which has received funding from the NHMRC, the National Breast Cancer Foundation, Cancer Australia, and the National Institute of Health (USA)) for their contributions to this resource, and the many families who contribute to kConFab; the investigators of the Australia New Zealand NRG Oncology group; members and participants in the Ontario Cancer Genetics Network; Kevin Sweet, Caroline Craven, Julia Cooper, Amber Aielts, and Michelle O’Conor; Christina Selkirk; Helena Jernström, Karin Henriksson, Katja Harbst, Maria Soller, Ulf Kristoffersson; from Gothenburg Sahlgrenska University Hospital: Anna Öfverholm, Margareta Nordling, Per Karlsson, Zakaria Einbeigi; from Stockholm and Karolinska University Hospital: Anna von Wachenfeldt, Annelie Liljegren, Annika Lindblom, Brita Arver, Gisela Barbany Bustinza; from Umeå University Hospital: Beatrice Melin, Christina Edwinsdotter Ardnor, Monica Emanuelsson; from Uppsala University: Hans Ehrencrona, Maritta Hellström Pigg, Richard Rosenquist; from Linköping University Hospital: Marie Stenmark-Askmalm, Sigrun Liedgren; Cecilia Zvocec, Qun Niu; Joyce Seldon and Lorna Kwan; Dr. Robert Nussbaum, Beth Crawford, Kate Loranger, Julie Mak, Nicola Stewart, Robin Lee, Amie Blanco and Peggy Conrad and Salina Chan; Carole Pye, Patricia Harrington and Eva Wozniak. OSUCCG thanks Kevin Sweet, Caroline Craven, Julia Cooper, Michelle O’Conor and Amber Aeilts. BCAC is funded by Cancer Research UK [C1287/A16563, C1287/A10118], the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant numbers 634935 and 633784 for BRIDGES and B-CAST respectively), and by the European Community´s Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement number 223175 (grant number HEALTH-F2-2009-223175) (COGS). The EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme funding source had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation or writing of the report. Genotyping of the OncoArray was funded by the NIH Grant U19 CA148065, and Cancer UK Grant C1287/A16563 and the PERSPECTIVE project supported by the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant GPH-129344) and, the Ministère de l’Économie, Science et Innovation du Québec through Genome Québec and the PSRSIIRI-701 grant, and the Quebec Breast Cancer Foundation. The Australian Breast Cancer Family Study (ABCFS) was supported by grant UM1 CA164920 from the National Cancer Institute (USA). The content of this manuscript does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the National Cancer Institute or any of the collaborating centers in the Breast Cancer Family Registry (BCFR), nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the USA Government or the BCFR. The ABCFS was also supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, the New South Wales Cancer Council, the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (Australia) and the Victorian Breast Cancer Research Consortium. J.L.H. is a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Senior Principal Research Fellow. M.C.S. is a NHMRC Senior Research Fellow. The ABCS study was supported by the Dutch Cancer Society [grants NKI 2007-3839; 2009 4363]. The Australian Breast Cancer Tissue Bank (ABCTB) was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, The Cancer Institute NSW and the National Breast Cancer Foundation. The AHS study is supported by the intramural research program of the National Institutes of Health, the National Cancer Institute (grant number Z01-CP010119), and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (grant number Z01-ES049030). The work of the BBCC was partly funded by ELAN-Fond of the University Hospital of Erlangen. The BBCS is funded by Cancer Research UK and Breast Cancer Now and acknowledges NHS funding to the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, and the National Cancer Research Network (NCRN). The BCEES was funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia and the Cancer Council Western Australia. For the BCFR-NY, BCFR-PA, BCFR-UT this work was supported by grant UM1 CA164920 from the National Cancer Institute. The content of this manuscript does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the National Cancer Institute or any of the collaborating centers in the Breast Cancer Family Registry (BCFR), nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government or the BCFR. BCINIS study was funded by the BCRF (The Breast Cancer Research Foundation, USA). The BREast Oncology GAlician Network (BREOGAN) is funded by Acción Estratégica de Salud del Instituto de Salud Carlos III FIS PI12/02125/Cofinanciado FEDER; Acción Estratégica de Salud del Instituto de Salud Carlos III FIS Intrasalud (PI13/01136); Programa Grupos Emergentes, Cancer Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica Galicia Sur. Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Grant 10CSA012E, Consellería de Industria Programa Sectorial de Investigación Aplicada, PEME I + D e I + D Suma del Plan Gallego de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica de la Consellería de Industria de la Xunta de Galicia, Spain; Grant EC11-192. Fomento de la Investigación Clínica Independiente, Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad, Spain; and Grant FEDER-Innterconecta. Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Xunta de Galicia, Spain. The BSUCH study was supported by the Dietmar-Hopp Foundation, the Helmholtz Society and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ). Sample collection and processing was funded in part by grants from the National Cancer Institute (NCI R01CA120120 and K24CA169004). CBCS is funded by the Canadian Cancer Society (grant # 313404) and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. CCGP is supported by funding from the University of Crete. The CECILE study was supported by Fondation de France, Institut National du Cancer (INCa), Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire, de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail (ANSES), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR). The CGPS was supported by the Chief Physician Johan Boserup and Lise Boserup Fund, the Danish Medical Research Council, and Herlev and Gentofte Hospital. The American Cancer Society funds the creation, maintenance, and updating of the CPS-II cohort. The CTS was initially supported by the California Breast Cancer Act of 1993 and the California Breast Cancer Research Fund (contract 97-10500) and is currently funded through the National Institutes of Health (R01 CA77398, K05 CA136967, UM1 CA164917, and U01 CA199277). Collection of cancer incidence data was supported by the California Department of Public Health as part of the statewide cancer reporting program mandated by California Health and Safety Code Section 103885. The University of Westminster curates the DietCompLyf database funded by Against Breast Cancer Registered Charity No. 1121258 and the NCRN. The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by: Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (Germany); the Hellenic Health Foundation, the Stavros Niarchos Foundation (Greece); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); Health Research Fund (FIS), PI13/00061 to Granada, PI13/01162 to EPIC-Murcia, Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, ISCIII RETIC (RD06/0020) (Spain); Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C570/A16491 and C8221/A19170 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (United Kingdom). The ESTHER study was supported by a grant from the Baden Württemberg Ministry of Science, Research and Arts. Additional cases were recruited in the context of the VERDI study, which was supported by a grant from the German Cancer Aid (Deutsche Krebshilfe). FHRISK is funded from NIHR grant PGfAR 0707-10031. The GC-HBOC (German Consortium of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer) is supported by the German Cancer Aid (grant no 110837, coordinator: Rita K. Schmutzler, Cologne). This work was also funded by the European Regional Development Fund and Free State of Saxony, Germany (LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, project numbers 713-241202, 713-241202, 14505/2470, 14575/2470). The GENICA was funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) Germany grants 01KW9975/5, 01KW9976/8, 01KW9977/0 and 01KW0114, the Robert Bosch Foundation, Stuttgart, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, the Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, as well as the Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany. The GEPARSIXTO study was conducted by the German Breast Group GmbH. The GESBC was supported by the Deutsche Krebshilfe e. V. [70492] and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ). The HABCS study was supported by the Claudia von Schilling Foundation for Breast Cancer Research, by the Lower Saxonian Cancer Society, and by the Rudolf Bartling Foundation. The HEBCS was financially supported by the Helsinki University Central Hospital Research Fund, Academy of Finland (266528), the Finnish Cancer Society, and the Sigrid Juselius Foundation. The HMBCS was supported by a grant from the German Research Foundation (Do 761/10-1). The HUBCS was supported by a grant from the German Federal Ministry of Research and Education (RUS08/017), and by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations for support the Bioresource collections and RFBR grants 14-04-97088, 17-29-06014 and 17-44-020498. E.K was supported by the program for support the bioresource collections №007-030164/2 and study was performed as part of the assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russian Federation (№АААА-А16-116020350032-1). Financial support for KARBAC was provided through the regional agreement on medical training and clinical research (ALF) between Stockholm County Council and Karolinska Institutet, the Swedish Cancer Society, The Gustav V Jubilee foundation and Bert von Kantzows foundation. The KARMA study was supported by Märit and Hans Rausings Initiative Against Breast Cancer. The KBCP was financially supported by the special Government Funding (EVO) of Kuopio University Hospital grants, Cancer Fund of North Savo, the Finnish Cancer Organizations, and by the strategic funding of the University of Eastern Finland. LMBC is supported by the ‘Stichting tegen Kanker’. DL is supported by the FWO. The MABCS study is funded by the Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology “Georgi D. Efremov” and supported by the German Academic Exchange Program, DAAD. The MARIE study was supported by the Deutsche Krebshilfe e.V. [70-2892-BR I, 106332, 108253, 108419, 110826, 110828], the Hamburg Cancer Society, the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) Germany [01KH0402]. MBCSG is supported by grants from the Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC) and by funds from the Italian citizens who allocated the 5/1000 share of their tax payment in support of the Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, according to Italian laws (INT-Institutional strategic projects “5 × 1000”). The MCBCS was supported by the NIH grants CA192393, CA116167, CA176785 an NIH Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Breast Cancer [CA116201], and the Breast Cancer Research Foundation and a generous gift from the David F. and Margaret T. Grohne Family Foundation. MCCS cohort recruitment was funded by VicHealth and Cancer Council Victoria. The MCCS was further supported by Australian NHMRC grants 209057 and 396414, and by infrastructure provided by Cancer Council Victoria. Cases and their vital status were ascertained through the Victorian Cancer Registry (VCR) and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), including the National Death Index and the Australian Cancer Database. The MEC was support by NIH grants CA63464, CA54281, CA098758, CA132839 and CA164973. The MISS study is supported by funding from ERC-2011-294576 Advanced grant, Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council, Local hospital funds, Berta Kamprad Foundation, Gunnar Nilsson. The MMHS study was supported by NIH grants CA97396, CA128931, CA116201, CA140286 and CA177150. MSKCC is supported by grants from the Breast Cancer Research Foundation and Robert and Kate Niehaus Clinical Cancer Genetics Initiative. The work of MTLGEBCS was supported by the Quebec Breast Cancer Foundation, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research for the “CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer” program – grant # CRN-87521 and the Ministry of Economic Development, Innovation and Export Trade – grant # PSR-SIIRI-701. The NBHS was supported by NIH grant R01CA100374. Biological sample preparation was conducted the Survey and Biospecimen Shared Resource, which is supported by P30 CA68485. The Northern California Breast Cancer Family Registry (NC-BCFR) and Ontario Familial Breast Cancer Registry (OFBCR) were supported by grant UM1 CA164920 from the National Cancer Institute (USA). The content of this manuscript does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the National Cancer Institute or any of the collaborating centers in the Breast Cancer Family Registry (BCFR), nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the USA Government or the BCFR. The Carolina Breast Cancer Study was funded by Komen Foundation, the National Cancer Institute (P50 CA058223, U54 CA156733, U01 CA179715), and the North Carolina University Cancer Research Fund. The NHS was supported by NIH grants P01 CA87969, UM1 CA186107, and U19 CA148065. The NHS2 was supported by NIH grants UM1 CA176726 and U19 CA148065. The ORIGO study was supported by the Dutch Cancer Society (RUL 1997-1505) and the Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure (BBMRI-NL CP16). The PBCS was funded by Intramural Research Funds of the National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, USA. Genotyping for PLCO was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, NCI, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics. The PLCO is supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics and supported by contracts from the Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. The POSH study is funded by Cancer Research UK (grants C1275/A11699, C1275/C22524, C1275/A19187, C1275/A15956 and Breast Cancer Campaign 2010PR62, 2013PR044. PROCAS is funded from NIHR grant PGfAR 0707-10031. The RBCS was funded by the Dutch Cancer Society (DDHK 2004-3124, DDHK 2009-4318). SEARCH is funded by Cancer Research UK [C490/A10124, C490/A16561] and supported by the UK National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the University of Cambridge. The University of Cambridge has received salary support for PDPP from the NHS in the East of England through the Clinical Academic Reserve. The Sister Study (SISTER) is supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01-ES044005 and Z01-ES049033). The Two Sister Study (2SISTER) was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01-ES044005 and Z01-ES102245), and, also by a grant from Susan G. Komen for the Cure, grant FAS0703856. SKKDKFZS is supported by the DKFZ. The SMC is funded by the Swedish Cancer Foundation and the Swedish Research Council [grant 2017-00644 for the Swedish Infrastructure for Medical Population-based Life-course Environmental Research (SIMPLER)]. The SZBCS is financially supported under the program of Minister of Science and Higher Education “Regional Initiative of Excellence” in years 2019-2022, Grant No 002/RID/2018/19. The TNBCC was supported by: a Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Breast Cancer (CA116201), a grant from the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, a generous gift from the David F. and Margaret T. Grohne Family Foundation. The UCIBCS component of this research was supported by the NIH [CA58860, CA92044] and the Lon V Smith Foundation [LVS39420]. The UKBGS is funded by Breast Cancer Now and the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London. ICR acknowledges NHS funding to the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre. The UKOPS study was funded by The Eve Appeal (The Oak Foundation) and supported by the National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre. The USRT Study was funded by Intramural Research Funds of the National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, USA. CIMBA CIMBA: The CIMBA data management and data analysis were supported by Cancer Research – UK grants C12292/A20861, C12292/A11174. ACA is a Cancer Research -UK Senior Cancer Research Fellow. GCT and ABS are NHMRC Research Fellows. The PERSPECTIVE project was supported by the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Ministry of Economy, Science and Innovation through Genome Québec, and The Quebec Breast Cancer Foundation. BCFR: UM1 CA164920 from the National Cancer Institute. The content of this manuscript does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the National Cancer Institute or any of the collaborating centers in the Breast Cancer Family Registry (BCFR), nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government or the BCFR. BFBOCC: Lithuania (BFBOCC-LT): Research Council of Lithuania grant SEN-18/2015 and Nr. P-MIP-19-164. BIDMC: Breast Cancer Research Foundation. BMBSA: Cancer Association of South Africa (PI Elizabeth J. van Rensburg). CNIO: Spanish Ministry of Health PI16/00440 supported by FEDER funds, the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) SAF2014-57680-R and the Spanish Research Network on Rare diseases (CIBERER). COH-CCGCRN: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under grant number R25CA112486, and RC4CA153828 (PI: J. Weitzel) from the National Cancer Institute and the Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. CONSIT TEAM: Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC; IG2014 no.15547) to P. Radice. Funds from Italian citizens who allocated the 5 × 1000 share of their tax payment in support of the Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, according to Italian laws (INT-Institutional strategic projects ‘5 × 1000’) to S. Manoukian. UNIROMA1: Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC; grant no. 21389) to L. Ottini. DFKZ: German Cancer Research Center. EMBRACE: Cancer Research UK Grants C1287/A10118 and C1287/A11990. D. Gareth Evans and Fiona Lalloo are supported by an NIHR grant to the Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester (IS-BRC-1215-20007). The Investigators at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust are supported by an NIHR grant to the Biomedical Research Centre at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust. Ros Eeles and Elizabeth Bancroft are supported by Cancer Research UK Grant C5047/A8385. Ros Eeles is also supported by NIHR support to the Biomedical Research Centre at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust. FCCC: NIH/NCI grant P30-CA006927. The University of Kansas Cancer Center (P30 CA168524) and the Kansas Bioscience Authority Eminent Scholar Program. A.K.G. was funded by R0 1CA140323, R01 CA214545, and by the Chancellors Distinguished Chair in Biomedical Sciences Professorship. Ana Vega is supported by the Spanish Health Research Foundation, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), partially supported by FEDER funds through Research Activity Intensification Program (contract grant numbers: INT15/00070, INT16/00154, INT17/00133), and through Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enferemdades Raras CIBERER (ACCI 2016: ER17P1AC7112/2018); Autonomous Government of Galicia (Consolidation and structuring program: IN607B), and by the Fundación Mutua Madrileña (call 2018). GC-HBOC: German Cancer Aid (grant no 110837, Rita K. Schmutzler) and the European Regional Development Fund and Free State of Saxony, Germany (LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, project numbers 713-241202, 713-241202, 14505/2470, 14575/2470). GEMO: Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer; the Association “Le cancer du sein, parlons-en!” Award, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research for the “CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer” program, the French National Institute of Cancer (INCa) (grants AOR 01 082, 2013-1-BCB-01-ICH-1 and SHS-E-SP 18-015) and the Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer (grant PJA 20151203365). GEORGETOWN: the Survey, Recruitment and Biospecimen Shared Resource at Georgetown University (NIH/NCI grant P30-CA051008) and the Fisher Center for Hereditary Cancer and Clinical Genomics Research. HCSC: Spanish Ministry of Health PI15/00059, PI16/01292, and CB-161200301 CIBERONC from ISCIII (Spain), partially supported by European Regional Development FEDER funds. HEBCS: Helsinki University Hospital Research Fund, Academy of Finland (266528), the Finnish Cancer Society and the Sigrid Juselius Foundation. HEBON: the Dutch Cancer Society grants NKI1998-1854, NKI2004-3088, NKI2007-3756, the Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research grant NWO 91109024, the Pink Ribbon grants 110005 and 2014-187.WO76, the BBMRI grant NWO 184.021.007/CP46 and the Transcan grant JTC 2012 Cancer 12-054. HUNBOCS: Hungarian Research Grants KTIA-OTKA CK-80745 and NKFI_OTKA K-112228. HVH (University Hospital Vall d’Hebron) This work was supported by Spanish Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) funding, an initiative of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Innovation partially supported by European Regional Development FEDER Funds: FIS PI12/02585 and PI15/00355. ICO: The authors would like to particularly acknowledge the support of the Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC), the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (organismo adscrito al Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad) and “Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), una manera de hacer Europa” (PI10/01422, PI13/00285, PIE13/00022, PI15/00854, PI16/00563, P18/01029, and CIBERONC) and the Institut Català de la Salut and Autonomous Government of Catalonia (2009SGR290, 2014SGR338, 2017SGR449, and PERIS Project MedPerCan), and CERCA program. IHCC: PBZ_KBN_122/P05/2004. ILUH: Icelandic Association “Walking for Breast Cancer Research” and by the Landspitali University Hospital Research Fund. INHERIT: Canadian Institutes of Health Research for the “CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer” program – grant # CRN-87521 and the Ministry of Economic Development, Innovation and Export Trade – grant # PSR-SIIRI-701. IOVHBOCS: Ministero della Salute and “5 × 1000” Istituto Oncologico Veneto grant. IPOBCS: Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro. kConFab: The National Breast Cancer Foundation, and previously by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), the Queensland Cancer Fund, the Cancer Councils of New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia, and the Cancer Foundation of Western Australia. MAYO: NIH grants CA116167, CA192393 and CA176785, an NCI Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Breast Cancer (CA116201), and a grant from the Breast Cancer Research Foundation. MCGILL: Jewish General Hospital Weekend to End Breast Cancer, Quebec Ministry of Economic Development, Innovation and Export Trade. Marc Tischkowitz is supported by the funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Program (2007Y2013)/European Research Council (Grant No. 310018). MSKCC: the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, the Robert and Kate Niehaus Clinical Cancer Genetics Initiative, the Andrew Sabin Research Fund and a Cancer Center Support Grant/Core Grant (P30 CA008748). NCI: the Intramural Research Program of the US National Cancer Institute, NIH, and by support services contracts NO2-CP-11019-50, N02-CP-21013-63 and N02-CP-65504 with Westat, Inc, Rockville, MD. NNPIO: the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 17-54-12007, 17-00-00171 and 18-515-45012). NRG Oncology: U10 CA180868, NRG SDMC grant U10 CA180822, NRG Administrative Office and the NRG Tissue Bank (CA 27469), the NRG Statistical and Data Center (CA 37517) and the Intramural Research Program, NCI. OSUCCG: was funded by the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center. PBCS: Italian Association of Cancer Research (AIRC) [IG 2013 N.14477] and Tuscany Institute for Tumors (ITT) grant 2014-2015-2016. SMC: the Israeli Cancer Association. SWE-BRCA: the Swedish Cancer Society. UCHICAGO: NCI Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Breast Cancer (CA125183), R01 CA142996, 1U01CA161032 and by the Ralph and Marion Falk Medical Research Trust, the Entertainment Industry Fund National Women’s Cancer Research Alliance and the Breast Cancer research Foundation. UCSF: UCSF Cancer Risk Program and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center. UKFOCR: Cancer Researc h UK. UPENN: National Institutes of Health (NIH) (R01-CA102776 and R01-CA083855; Breast Cancer Research Foundation; Susan G. Komen Foundation for the cure, Basser Research Center for BRCA. UPITT/MWH: Hackers for Hope Pittsburgh. VFCTG: Victorian Cancer Agency, Cancer Australia, National Breast Cancer Foundation. WCP: Dr Karlan is funded by the American Cancer Society Early Detection Professorship (SIOP-06-258-01-COUN) and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Grant UL1TR000124.
Published: 2019

22. BRCA Challenge: BRCA Exchange as a global resource for variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2

Author: Cline, M.S., Liao, R.G., Parsons, M.T., Paten, B., Alquaddoomi, F., Antoniou, A., Baxter, S., Brody, L., Cook-Deegan, R., Coffin, A., Couch, F.J., Craft, B., Currie, R., Dlott, C.C., Dolman, L., Dunnen, J.T. den, Dyke, S.O.M., Domchek, S.M., Easton, D., Fischmann, Z., Foulkes, W.D., Garber, J., Goldgar, D., Goldman, M.J., Goodhand, P., Harrison, S., Haussler, D., Kato, K., Knoppers, B., Markello, C., Nussbaum, R., Offit, K., Plon, S.E., Rashbass, J., Rehm, H.L., Robson, M., Rubinstein, W.S., Stoppa-Lyonnet, D., Tavtigian, S., Thorogood, A., Zhang, C., Zimmermann, M., Burn, J., Chanock, S., Ratsch, G., Spurdle, A.B., Andreoletti, G., Baker, D., Brenner, S., Brush, M., Caputo, S., Castera, L., Cunningham, F., Hoya, M. de la, Diekhans, M., Dolinsky, J., Dwight, S., Eccles, D., Feng, B., Fiume, M., Flicek, P., Gaudet, P., Garcia, E.G., Haendel, M., Haeussler, M., Hahnen, E., Houdayer, C., Hunt, S., James, P., Lebo, M., Lee, J., Lerner-Ellis, J., Lin, M., Lincoln, S., Malheiro, A., Mesenkamp, A., Monteiro, A., Natzijl-Visser, E., Ngeow, J., North, K., Parkinson, H., Paschall, J., Patrinos, G., Phimister, B., Radice, P., Rainville, I., Rasmussen, M., Riley, G., Rouleau, E., Schmutzler, R., Shefchek, K., Sofia, H., Southey, M., Stuart, J., Thomas, J., Toland, A., Truty, R., Turn-Bull, C., Vaur, D., Vreeswijk, M.P.G., Walker, L., Walsh, M., Wappenschmidt, B., Weitzel, J., Wright, M., Zalunin, V., Zaranek, A., Zerbino, D., Zhou, A., Zhou, J., Zook, J., BRCA Challenge Authors, Eng, Charis, Liao, Rachel G [0000-0002-7830-1976], Parsons, Michael T [0000-0003-3242-8477], Alquaddoomi, Faisal [0000-0003-4297-8747], Baxter, Samantha [0000-0003-4616-9234], Coffin, Amy [0000-0003-2723-8222], Currie, Robert [0000-0003-1828-1827], Dlott, Chloe C [0000-0002-7268-7230], Dolman, Lena [0000-0002-3938-588X], Fischmann, Zachary [0000-0002-7687-0972], Foulkes, William D [0000-0001-7427-4651], Goldman, Mary J [0000-0002-9808-6388], Goodhand, Peter [0000-0002-2624-2820], Harrison, Steven [0000-0002-9614-9111], Haussler, David [0000-0003-1533-4575], Markello, Charles [0000-0002-3653-7155], Plon, Sharon E [0000-0002-9626-0936], Rehm, Heidi L [0000-0002-6025-0015], Rubinstein, Wendy S [0000-0002-8790-9959], Tavtigian, Sean [0000-0002-7543-8221], Thorogood, Adrian [0000-0001-5078-8164], Chanock, Stephen [0000-0002-2324-3393], Rätsch, Gunnar [0000-0001-5486-8532], Spurdle, Amanda B [0000-0003-1337-7897], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Cancer Research, Research Facilities, endocrine system diseases, Epidemiology, Genes, BRCA2, Genes, BRCA1, Social Sciences, Penetrance, QH426-470, Patient advocacy, Database and Informatics Methods, 0302 clinical medicine, Resource (project management), Sociology, Gene Frequency, Consortia, Risk Factors, Databases, Genetic, Medicine and Health Sciences, Aetiology, skin and connective tissue diseases, Genetics (clinical), Cancer, Ovarian Neoplasms, education.field_of_study, Cancer Risk Factors, Genomics, Genomic Databases, 3. Good health, Viewpoints, Phenotype, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Research Laboratories, Population, Genetic Causes of Cancer, MEDLINE, Information Dissemination, Breast Neoplasms, Patient Advocacy, Biology, Research and Analysis Methods, Human Genomics, 03 medical and health sciences, Databases, Genetic, Breast Cancer, Genetics, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, education, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Alleles, Human Genome, Biology and Life Sciences, Computational Biology, Genetic Variation, Genome Analysis, Genomic Libraries, BRCA1, Data science, BRCA2, Data sharing, Health Care, 030104 developmental biology, Biological Databases, Good Health and Well Being, Genes, Genetic Loci, Medical Risk Factors, BRCA Challenge Authors, Mutation, Leiden Open Variation Database, 2.6 Resources and infrastructure (aetiology), Government Laboratories, Developmental Biology
Abstract: The BRCA Challenge is a long-term data-sharing project initiated within the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) to aggregate BRCA1 and BRCA2 data to support highly collaborative research activities. Its goal is to generate an informed and current understanding of the impact of genetic variation on cancer risk across the iconic cancer predisposition genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2. Initially, reported variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 available from public databases were integrated into a single, newly created site, www.brcaexchange.org. The purpose of the BRCA Exchange is to provide the community with a reliable and easily accessible record of variants interpreted for a high-penetrance phenotype. More than 20,000 variants have been aggregated, three times the number found in the next-largest public database at the project’s outset, of which approximately 7,250 have expert classifications. The data set is based on shared information from existing clinical databases—Breast Cancer Information Core (BIC), ClinVar, and the Leiden Open Variation Database (LOVD)—as well as population databases, all linked to a single point of access. The BRCA Challenge has brought together the existing international Evidence-based Network for the Interpretation of Germline Mutant Alleles (ENIGMA) consortium expert panel, along with expert clinicians, diagnosticians, researchers, and database providers, all with a common goal of advancing our understanding of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variation. Ongoing work includes direct contact with national centers with access to BRCA1 and BRCA2 diagnostic data to encourage data sharing, development of methods suitable for extraction of genetic variation at the level of individual laboratory reports, and engagement with participant communities to enable a more comprehensive understanding of the clinical significance of genetic variation in BRCA1 and BRCA2., Author summary The goal of this study and paper has been to develop an international resource to generate an informed and current understanding of the impact of genetic variation on cancer risk across the cancer predisposition genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2. Reported variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 available from public databases were integrated into a single, newly created site, www.brcaexchange.org, to provide a reliable and easily accessible record of variants interpreted for a high-penetrance phenotype.
Published: 2018

23. The Influence of Number and Timing of Pregnancies on Breast Cancer Risk for Women With BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutations

Author: Terry, M-B. (Mary-beth), Liao, Y.Y., Kast, K. (Karin), Antoniou, A.C. (Antonis), McDonald, JA, Mooij, T.M. (Thea), Engel, C., Nogues, C. (Catherine), Buecher, B. (Bruno), Mari, V., Moretta-Serra, J., Gladieff, L, Luporsi, E., Barrowdale, D. (Daniel), Frost, D. (Debra), Henderson, A, Brewer, C. (C.), Evans, DGR, Eccles, D. (Diana), Cook, J. (Jackie), Ong, K.-R. (Kai-Ren), Izatt, L. (Louise), Ahmed, M., Morrison, P.J. (Patrick), Dommering, C.J. (Charlotte), Oosterwijk, J.C. (Jan), Ausems, M.G.E.M. (Margreet), Kriege, M., Buys, S.S. (Saundra), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), John, E.M. (Esther), Daly, M.J. (Mark), Friedlander, M. (Michael), McLachlan, SA, Osorio, A. (Ana), Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Simard, J. (Jacques), Singer, C.F. (Christian), Tan, Y.H. (Yao Hua), Olah, E., Navratilova, M, Foretova, L. (Lenka), Gerdes, A-M. (Anne-Marie), Roos-Blom, M.J., Arver, B. (Brita Wasteson), Olsson, H. (Hans), Schmutzler, R.K. (Rita), Hopper, J. (John), Leeuwen, F.E. (Flora) van, Goldgar, D. (David), Milne, R.L. (Roger), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Rookus, M.A. (M.), Andrieu, N, Evans, D.G. (Gareth), Adlard, J.W. (Julian), Eeles, R. (Rosalind), Davidson, R. (Rosemarie), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Snape, K., Walker, L.J. (Lisa), Porteous, M.E. (Mary), Donaldson, A. (Alan), Morrison, P, Eason, J. (Jacqueline), Rogers, M, Miller, C, Brady, A, Kennedy, M.J. (John), Barwell, J. (Julian), Gregory, H. (Helen), Pottinger, C. (Caroline), Murray, A. (Anna), Angelakos, M., Dite, G., Tsimiklis, H. (Helen), Breysse, E., Pontois, P., Laborde, L., Stoppa-Lyonnet, D. (Dominique), Gauthier-Villars, M. (Marion), Caron, O. (Olivier), Fourme-Mouret, E., Fricker, J.P. (Jean Pierre), Lasset, C. (Christine), Bonadona, V. (Valérie), Fert-Ferrer, S. (Sandra), Berthet, P. (Pascaline), Vénat-Bouvet, L. (Laurence), Gilbert-Dussardier, B., Faivre, L. (Laurence), Gesta, P., Sobol, H. (Hagay), Eisinger, F. (François), Longy, M. (Michel), Dugast, C., Coupier, I. (Isabelle), Colas, C. (Chrystelle), Soubrier, F., Pujol, P. (Pascal), Corsini, C., Lortholary, A, Vennin, P. (Philippe), Adenis, C., Nguyen, T.D., Penet, C., Delnatte, C.D. (Capucine), Tinat, J., Tennevet, I., Limacher, J.M., Maugard, C., Demange, L., Dreyfus, H. (Hélène), Cohen-Haguenauer, O. (Odile), Leroux, D. (Dominique), Zattara-Cannoni, H., Bera, O., Hogervorst, F.B.L. (Frans), Adank, M.A. (Muriel), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), Russell, N.S. (Nicola), Jenner, D.J., Collée, J.M. (Margriet), Ouweland, A.M.W. (Ans) van den, Hooning, M.J. (Maartje), Seynaeve, C.M. (Caroline), Deurzen, C.H.M. (Carolien) van, Obdeijn, A.I.M. (Inge-Marie), Asperen, C.J. (Christi) van, Devilee, P. (P.), Kets, C.M. (Marleen), Mensenkamp, A.R. (Arjen), Koudijs, MJ, Aalfs, C.M. (Cora), Engelen, K. (Klaartje) van, Gille, J.J. (Johan), Gómez García, E.B. (Encarna), Blok, M.J.C., Hout, A.H. (Annemarie) van der, Mourits, M.J. (Marjan), Bock, G.H. (Geertruida) de, Siesling, S. (Sabine), Verloop, H. (Herman), Belt-Dusebout, A.W. (Alexandra) van den, Terry, M-B. (Mary-beth), Liao, Y.Y., Kast, K. (Karin), Antoniou, A.C. (Antonis), McDonald, JA, Mooij, T.M. (Thea), Engel, C., Nogues, C. (Catherine), Buecher, B. (Bruno), Mari, V., Moretta-Serra, J., Gladieff, L, Luporsi, E., Barrowdale, D. (Daniel), Frost, D. (Debra), Henderson, A, Brewer, C. (C.), Evans, DGR, Eccles, D. (Diana), Cook, J. (Jackie), Ong, K.-R. (Kai-Ren), Izatt, L. (Louise), Ahmed, M., Morrison, P.J. (Patrick), Dommering, C.J. (Charlotte), Oosterwijk, J.C. (Jan), Ausems, M.G.E.M. (Margreet), Kriege, M., Buys, S.S. (Saundra), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), John, E.M. (Esther), Daly, M.J. (Mark), Friedlander, M. (Michael), McLachlan, SA, Osorio, A. (Ana), Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Simard, J. (Jacques), Singer, C.F. (Christian), Tan, Y.H. (Yao Hua), Olah, E., Navratilova, M, Foretova, L. (Lenka), Gerdes, A-M. (Anne-Marie), Roos-Blom, M.J., Arver, B. (Brita Wasteson), Olsson, H. (Hans), Schmutzler, R.K. (Rita), Hopper, J. (John), Leeuwen, F.E. (Flora) van, Goldgar, D. (David), Milne, R.L. (Roger), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Rookus, M.A. (M.), Andrieu, N, Evans, D.G. (Gareth), Adlard, J.W. (Julian), Eeles, R. (Rosalind), Davidson, R. (Rosemarie), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Snape, K., Walker, L.J. (Lisa), Porteous, M.E. (Mary), Donaldson, A. (Alan), Morrison, P, Eason, J. (Jacqueline), Rogers, M, Miller, C, Brady, A, Kennedy, M.J. (John), Barwell, J. (Julian), Gregory, H. (Helen), Pottinger, C. (Caroline), Murray, A. (Anna), Angelakos, M., Dite, G., Tsimiklis, H. (Helen), Breysse, E., Pontois, P., Laborde, L., Stoppa-Lyonnet, D. (Dominique), Gauthier-Villars, M. (Marion), Caron, O. (Olivier), Fourme-Mouret, E., Fricker, J.P. (Jean Pierre), Lasset, C. (Christine), Bonadona, V. (Valérie), Fert-Ferrer, S. (Sandra), Berthet, P. (Pascaline), Vénat-Bouvet, L. (Laurence), Gilbert-Dussardier, B., Faivre, L. (Laurence), Gesta, P., Sobol, H. (Hagay), Eisinger, F. (François), Longy, M. (Michel), Dugast, C., Coupier, I. (Isabelle), Colas, C. (Chrystelle), Soubrier, F., Pujol, P. (Pascal), Corsini, C., Lortholary, A, Vennin, P. (Philippe), Adenis, C., Nguyen, T.D., Penet, C., Delnatte, C.D. (Capucine), Tinat, J., Tennevet, I., Limacher, J.M., Maugard, C., Demange, L., Dreyfus, H. (Hélène), Cohen-Haguenauer, O. (Odile), Leroux, D. (Dominique), Zattara-Cannoni, H., Bera, O., Hogervorst, F.B.L. (Frans), Adank, M.A. (Muriel), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), Russell, N.S. (Nicola), Jenner, D.J., Collée, J.M. (Margriet), Ouweland, A.M.W. (Ans) van den, Hooning, M.J. (Maartje), Seynaeve, C.M. (Caroline), Deurzen, C.H.M. (Carolien) van, Obdeijn, A.I.M. (Inge-Marie), Asperen, C.J. (Christi) van, Devilee, P. (P.), Kets, C.M. (Marleen), Mensenkamp, A.R. (Arjen), Koudijs, MJ, Aalfs, C.M. (Cora), Engelen, K. (Klaartje) van, Gille, J.J. (Johan), Gómez García, E.B. (Encarna), Blok, M.J.C., Hout, A.H. (Annemarie) van der, Mourits, M.J. (Marjan), Bock, G.H. (Geertruida) de, Siesling, S. (Sabine), Verloop, H. (Herman), and Belt-Dusebout, A.W. (Alexandra) van den
Abstract: Background: Full-term pregnancy (FTP) is associated with a reduced breast cancer (BC) risk over time, but women are at increased BC risk in the immediate years following an FTP. No large prospective studies, however, have examined whether the number and timing of pregnancies are associated with BC risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Methods: Using weighted and time-varying Cox proportional hazards models, we investigated whether reproductive events are associated with BC risk for mutation carriers using a retrospective cohort (5707 BRCA1 and 3525 BRCA2 mutation carriers) and a prospective cohort (2276 BRCA1 and 1610 BRCA2 mutation carriers), separately for each cohort and the combined prospective and retrospective cohort. Results: For BRCA1 mutation carriers, there was no overall association with parity compared with nulliparity (combined hazard ratio [HRc] ¼ 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] ¼ 0.83 to 1.18). Relative to being uniparous, an increased number of FTPs was associated with decreased BC risk (HRc¼ 0.79, 95% CI ¼ 0.69 to 0.91; HRc¼ 0.70, 95% CI ¼ 0.59 to 0.82; HRc¼ 0.50, 95% CI ¼ 0.40 to 0.63, for 2, 3, and 4 FTPs, respectively, Ptrend < .0001) and increasing duration of breastfeeding was associated with decreased BC risk (combined cohort Ptrend ¼ .0003). Relative to being nulliparous, uniparous BRCA1 mutation carriers were at increased BC risk in the prospective analysis (prospective hazard ration [HRp] ¼ 1.69, 95% CI ¼ 1.09 to 2.62). For BRCA2 mutation carriers, being parous was associated with a 30% increase in BC risk (HRc ¼ 1.33, 95% CI ¼ 1.05 to 1.69), and there was no apparent decrease in risk associated with multiparity except for having at least 4 FTPs vs. 1 FTP (HRc¼ 0.72, 95% CI ¼ 0.54 to 0.98). Conclusions: These findings suggest differential associations with parity between BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers with higher risk for uniparous BRCA1 carriers and parous BRCA2 carriers.
Published: 2019

24. 10-year performance of four models of breast cancer risk: a validation study.

Author: John E.M., Daly M.B., Buys S.S., Hopper J.L., MacInnis R.J., Chung W.K., Knight J.A., Southey M.C., Milne R.L., Goldgar D., Giles G.G., McLachlan S.-A., Friedlander M.L., Weideman P.C., Glendon G., Nesci S., Andrulis I.L., Phillips K.-A., Terry M.B., Liao Y., Whittemore A.S., Leoce N., Buchsbaum R., Zeinomar N., Dite G.S., John E.M., Daly M.B., Buys S.S., Hopper J.L., MacInnis R.J., Chung W.K., Knight J.A., Southey M.C., Milne R.L., Goldgar D., Giles G.G., McLachlan S.-A., Friedlander M.L., Weideman P.C., Glendon G., Nesci S., Andrulis I.L., Phillips K.-A., Terry M.B., Liao Y., Whittemore A.S., Leoce N., Buchsbaum R., Zeinomar N., and Dite G.S.
Abstract: Background: Independent validation is essential to justify use of models of breast cancer risk prediction and inform decisions about prevention options and screening. Few independent validations had been done using cohorts for common breast cancer risk prediction models, and those that have been done had small sample sizes and short follow-up periods, and used earlier versions of the prediction tools. We aimed to validate the relative performance of four commonly used models of breast cancer risk and assess the effect of limited data input on each one's performance. Method(s): In this validation study, we used the Breast Cancer Prospective Family Study Cohort (ProF-SC), which includes 18 856 women from Australia, Canada, and the USA who did not have breast cancer at recruitment, between March 17, 1992, and June 29, 2011. We selected women from the cohort who were 20-70 years old and had no previous history of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy or ovarian cancer, at least 2 months of follow-up data, and information available about family history of breast cancer. We used this selected cohort to calculate 10-year risk scores and compare four models of breast cancer risk prediction: the Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm model (BOADICEA), BRCAPRO, the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (BCRAT), and the International Breast Cancer Intervention Study model (IBIS). We compared model calibration based on the ratio of the expected number of breast cancer cases to the observed number of breast cancer cases in the cohort, and on the basis of their discriminatory ability to separate those who will and will not have breast cancer diagnosed within 10 years as measured with the concordance statistic (C-statistic). We did subgroup analyses to compare the performance of the models at 10 years in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers (ie, BRCA-positive women), tested non-carriers and untested participants (ie, BRCA-negative women), and partic
Published: 2019

25. Psychosocial impact of undergoing prostate cancer screening for men with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations

Author: Bancroft, EK, Saya, S, Page, EC, Myhill, K, Thomas, S, Pope, J, Chamberlain, A, Hart, R, Glover, W, Cook, J, Rosario, DJ, Helfand, BT, Selkirk, CH, Davidson, R, Longmuir, M, Eccles, DM, Gadea, N, Brewer, C, Barwell, J, Salinas, M, Greenhalgh, L, Tischkowitz, M, Henderson, A, Evans, DG, Buys, SS, Eeles, RA, Aaronson, NK, Eeles, R, Bancroft, E, Page, E, Kote-Jarai, Z, Ardern-Jones, A, Bangma, C, Castro, E, Dearnaley, D, Falconer, A, Foster, C, Gronberg, H, Hamdy, FC, Johannsson, OT, Khoo, V, Eccles, D, Lilja, H, Evans, G, Eyfjord, J, Lubinski, J, Maehle, L, Mikropoulos, C, Millner, A, Mitra, A, Offman, J, Moynihan, C, Rennert, G, Suri, M, Dias, A, Taylor, N, D'Mello, L, James, P, Mitchell, G, Shanley, S, Richardson, K, McKinley, J, Petelin, L, Murphy, M, Mascarenhas, L, Murphy, D, Lam, J, Taylor, L, Miller, C, Stapleton, A, Chong, M, Suthers, G, Poplawski, N, Tucker, K, Andrews, L, Duffy, J, Millard, R, Ward, R, Williams, R, Stricker, P, Kirk, J, Bowman, M, Patel, M, Harris, M, O'Connell, S, Hunt, C, Smyth, C, Frydenberg, M, Lindeman, G, Shackleton, K, Morton, C, Susman, R, McGaughran, J, Boon, M, Pachter, N, Townshend, S, Schofield, L, Nicholls, C, Spigelman, A, Gleeson, M, Amor, D, Burke, J, Patterson, B, Swindle, P, Scott, R, Foulkes, W, Boshari, T, Aprikian, A, Jensen, T, Bojeson, A, Osther, P, Skytte, A-B, Cruger, D, Tondering, MK, Gerdes, A-M, Schmutzler, R, Rhiem, K, Wihler, P, Kast, K, Griebsch, C, Johannsson, O, Stefansdottir, V, Murthy, V, Sarin, R, Awatagiri, K, Ghonge, S, Kowtal, P, Mulgund, G, Gallagher, D, Bambury, R, Farrell, M, Gallagher, F, Kiernan, I, Friedman, E, Chen-Shtoyerman, R, Basevitch, A, Leibovici, D, Melzer, E, Ben-Yehoshua, SJ, Nicolai, N, Radice, P, Valdagni, R, Magnani, T, Gay, S, Teo, SH, Tan, HM, Yoon, S-Y, Thong, MK, Vasen, H, Ringleberg, J, van Asperen, C, Kiemeney, B, van Zelst-Stams, W, Ausems, MGEM, van der Luijt, RB, van Os, T, Ruijs, MWG, Adank, MA, Oldenburg, RA, Helderman-van den Enden, APTJM, Caanen, BAH, Oosterwijk, JC, Moller, P, Brennhovd, B, Medvik, H, Hanslien, E, Grindedal, EM, Cybulski, C, Wokolorczyk, D, Teixeira, M, Maia, S, Peixoto, A, Henrique, R, Oliveira, J, Goncalves, N, Araujo, L, Seixas, M, Souto, JP, Nogueira, P, Copakova, L, Zgajnar, J, Krajc, M, Vrecar, A, Capella, G, Ramon y Cajal, T, Fisas, D, Mora, J, Esquena, S, Balmana, J, Morote, J, Liljegren, A, Hjalm-Eriksson, M, Ekdahl, K-J, Carlsson, S, George, A, Kemp, Z, Wiggins, J, Moss, C, Van As, N, Thompson, A, Ogden, C, Woodhouse, C, Kumar, P, Bulman, B, Rothwell, J, Tricker, K, Wise, G, Mercer, C, McBride, D, Costello, P, Pearce, A, Torokwa, A, Paterson, J, Clowes, V, Taylor, A, Newcombe, B, Walker, L, Halliday, D, Stayner, B, Fleming-Brown, D, Snape, K, Hanson, H, Hodgson, S, Brice, G, Homfray, T, Hammond, C, Kohut, K, Anjum, U, Dearing, A, Mencias, M, Potter, A, Renton, C, Searle, A, Hill, K, Goodman, S, Garcia, L, Devlin, G, Everest, S, Nadolski, M, Douglas, F, Jobson, I, Paez, E, Donaldson, A, Tomkins, S, Langman, C, Jacobs, C, Pichert, G, Shaw, A, Kulkarni, A, Tripathi, V, Rose, S, Compton, C, Watson, M, Reinholtz, C, Brady, A, Dorkins, H, Melville, A, Kosicka-Slawinska, M, Cummings, C, Kiesel, V, Bartlett, M, Randhawa, K, Ellery, N, Side, L, Male, A, Simon, K, Rees, K, Tidey, L, Gurasashvili, J, Nevitt, L, Ingram, S, Howell, A, Rosario, D, Catto, J, Howson, J, Ong, K-R, Chapman, C, Cole, T, Heaton, T, Hoffman, J, Burgess, L, Huber, C, Islam, F, Watt, C, Duncan, A, Kockelbergh, R, Mzazi, S, Dineen, A, Sattar, A, Kaemba, B, Sidat, Z, Patel, N, Siguake, K, Birt, A, Poultney, U, Umez-Eronini, N, Mom, J, Sutton, V, Cornford, P, Bermingham, N, Yesildag, P, Treherne, K, Griffiths, J, Cogley, L, Gott, H, Rubinstein, WS, Hulick, P, McGuire, M, Shevrin, D, Kaul, K, Weissman, S, Newlin, A, Vogel, K, Weiss, S, Hook, N, Buys, S, Goldgar, D, Conner, T, Venne, V, Stephenson, R, Dechet, C, Domchek, S, Powers, J, Rustgi, N, Strom, S, Arun, B, Davis, JW, Yamamura, Y, Obeid, E, Giri, V, Gross, L, Bealin, L, Cooney, K, Stoffel, E, Okoth, L, Bancroft, EK, Saya, S, Page, EC, Myhill, K, Thomas, S, Pope, J, Chamberlain, A, Hart, R, Glover, W, Cook, J, Rosario, DJ, Helfand, BT, Selkirk, CH, Davidson, R, Longmuir, M, Eccles, DM, Gadea, N, Brewer, C, Barwell, J, Salinas, M, Greenhalgh, L, Tischkowitz, M, Henderson, A, Evans, DG, Buys, SS, Eeles, RA, Aaronson, NK, Eeles, R, Bancroft, E, Page, E, Kote-Jarai, Z, Ardern-Jones, A, Bangma, C, Castro, E, Dearnaley, D, Falconer, A, Foster, C, Gronberg, H, Hamdy, FC, Johannsson, OT, Khoo, V, Eccles, D, Lilja, H, Evans, G, Eyfjord, J, Lubinski, J, Maehle, L, Mikropoulos, C, Millner, A, Mitra, A, Offman, J, Moynihan, C, Rennert, G, Suri, M, Dias, A, Taylor, N, D'Mello, L, James, P, Mitchell, G, Shanley, S, Richardson, K, McKinley, J, Petelin, L, Murphy, M, Mascarenhas, L, Murphy, D, Lam, J, Taylor, L, Miller, C, Stapleton, A, Chong, M, Suthers, G, Poplawski, N, Tucker, K, Andrews, L, Duffy, J, Millard, R, Ward, R, Williams, R, Stricker, P, Kirk, J, Bowman, M, Patel, M, Harris, M, O'Connell, S, Hunt, C, Smyth, C, Frydenberg, M, Lindeman, G, Shackleton, K, Morton, C, Susman, R, McGaughran, J, Boon, M, Pachter, N, Townshend, S, Schofield, L, Nicholls, C, Spigelman, A, Gleeson, M, Amor, D, Burke, J, Patterson, B, Swindle, P, Scott, R, Foulkes, W, Boshari, T, Aprikian, A, Jensen, T, Bojeson, A, Osther, P, Skytte, A-B, Cruger, D, Tondering, MK, Gerdes, A-M, Schmutzler, R, Rhiem, K, Wihler, P, Kast, K, Griebsch, C, Johannsson, O, Stefansdottir, V, Murthy, V, Sarin, R, Awatagiri, K, Ghonge, S, Kowtal, P, Mulgund, G, Gallagher, D, Bambury, R, Farrell, M, Gallagher, F, Kiernan, I, Friedman, E, Chen-Shtoyerman, R, Basevitch, A, Leibovici, D, Melzer, E, Ben-Yehoshua, SJ, Nicolai, N, Radice, P, Valdagni, R, Magnani, T, Gay, S, Teo, SH, Tan, HM, Yoon, S-Y, Thong, MK, Vasen, H, Ringleberg, J, van Asperen, C, Kiemeney, B, van Zelst-Stams, W, Ausems, MGEM, van der Luijt, RB, van Os, T, Ruijs, MWG, Adank, MA, Oldenburg, RA, Helderman-van den Enden, APTJM, Caanen, BAH, Oosterwijk, JC, Moller, P, Brennhovd, B, Medvik, H, Hanslien, E, Grindedal, EM, Cybulski, C, Wokolorczyk, D, Teixeira, M, Maia, S, Peixoto, A, Henrique, R, Oliveira, J, Goncalves, N, Araujo, L, Seixas, M, Souto, JP, Nogueira, P, Copakova, L, Zgajnar, J, Krajc, M, Vrecar, A, Capella, G, Ramon y Cajal, T, Fisas, D, Mora, J, Esquena, S, Balmana, J, Morote, J, Liljegren, A, Hjalm-Eriksson, M, Ekdahl, K-J, Carlsson, S, George, A, Kemp, Z, Wiggins, J, Moss, C, Van As, N, Thompson, A, Ogden, C, Woodhouse, C, Kumar, P, Bulman, B, Rothwell, J, Tricker, K, Wise, G, Mercer, C, McBride, D, Costello, P, Pearce, A, Torokwa, A, Paterson, J, Clowes, V, Taylor, A, Newcombe, B, Walker, L, Halliday, D, Stayner, B, Fleming-Brown, D, Snape, K, Hanson, H, Hodgson, S, Brice, G, Homfray, T, Hammond, C, Kohut, K, Anjum, U, Dearing, A, Mencias, M, Potter, A, Renton, C, Searle, A, Hill, K, Goodman, S, Garcia, L, Devlin, G, Everest, S, Nadolski, M, Douglas, F, Jobson, I, Paez, E, Donaldson, A, Tomkins, S, Langman, C, Jacobs, C, Pichert, G, Shaw, A, Kulkarni, A, Tripathi, V, Rose, S, Compton, C, Watson, M, Reinholtz, C, Brady, A, Dorkins, H, Melville, A, Kosicka-Slawinska, M, Cummings, C, Kiesel, V, Bartlett, M, Randhawa, K, Ellery, N, Side, L, Male, A, Simon, K, Rees, K, Tidey, L, Gurasashvili, J, Nevitt, L, Ingram, S, Howell, A, Rosario, D, Catto, J, Howson, J, Ong, K-R, Chapman, C, Cole, T, Heaton, T, Hoffman, J, Burgess, L, Huber, C, Islam, F, Watt, C, Duncan, A, Kockelbergh, R, Mzazi, S, Dineen, A, Sattar, A, Kaemba, B, Sidat, Z, Patel, N, Siguake, K, Birt, A, Poultney, U, Umez-Eronini, N, Mom, J, Sutton, V, Cornford, P, Bermingham, N, Yesildag, P, Treherne, K, Griffiths, J, Cogley, L, Gott, H, Rubinstein, WS, Hulick, P, McGuire, M, Shevrin, D, Kaul, K, Weissman, S, Newlin, A, Vogel, K, Weiss, S, Hook, N, Buys, S, Goldgar, D, Conner, T, Venne, V, Stephenson, R, Dechet, C, Domchek, S, Powers, J, Rustgi, N, Strom, S, Arun, B, Davis, JW, Yamamura, Y, Obeid, E, Giri, V, Gross, L, Bealin, L, Cooney, K, Stoffel, E, and Okoth, L
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report the baseline results of a longitudinal psychosocial study that forms part of the IMPACT study, a multi-national investigation of targeted prostate cancer (PCa) screening among men with a known pathogenic germline mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. PARTICPANTS AND METHODS: Men enrolled in the IMPACT study were invited to complete a questionnaire at collaborating sites prior to each annual screening visit. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics and the following measures: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Impact of Event Scale (IES), 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36), Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer, Cancer Worry Scale-Revised, risk perception and knowledge. The results of the baseline questionnaire are presented. RESULTS: A total of 432 men completed questionnaires: 98 and 160 had mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, respectively, and 174 were controls (familial mutation negative). Participants' perception of PCa risk was influenced by genetic status. Knowledge levels were high and unrelated to genetic status. Mean scores for the HADS and SF-36 were within reported general population norms and mean IES scores were within normal range. IES mean intrusion and avoidance scores were significantly higher in BRCA1/BRCA2 carriers than in controls and were higher in men with increased PCa risk perception. At the multivariate level, risk perception contributed more significantly to variance in IES scores than genetic status. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to report the psychosocial profile of men with BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations undergoing PCa screening. No clinically concerning levels of general or cancer-specific distress or poor quality of life were detected in the cohort as a whole. A small subset of participants reported higher levels of distress, suggesting the need for healthcare professionals offering PCa screening to identify these risk factors and offer additional information and support t
Published: 2019

26. Risk-Reducing Oophorectomy and Breast Cancer Risk Across the Spectrum of Familial Risk

Author: Terry, MB, Daly, MB, Phillips, KA, Ma, X, Zeinomar, N, Leoce, N, Dite, GS, MacInnis, RJ, Chung, WK, Knight, JA, Southey, MC, Milne, RL, Goldgar, D, Giles, GG, Weideman, PC, Glendon, G, Buchsbaum, R, Andrulis, IL, John, EM, Buys, SS, Hopper, JL, Terry, MB, Daly, MB, Phillips, KA, Ma, X, Zeinomar, N, Leoce, N, Dite, GS, MacInnis, RJ, Chung, WK, Knight, JA, Southey, MC, Milne, RL, Goldgar, D, Giles, GG, Weideman, PC, Glendon, G, Buchsbaum, R, Andrulis, IL, John, EM, Buys, SS, and Hopper, JL
Abstract: There remains debate about whether risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO), which reduces ovarian cancer risk, also reduces breast cancer risk. We examined the association between RRSO and breast cancer risk using a prospective cohort of 17 917 women unaffected with breast cancer at baseline (7.2% known carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations). During a median follow-up of 10.7 years, 1046 women were diagnosed with incident breast cancer. Modeling RRSO as a time-varying exposure, there was no association with breast cancer risk overall (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.87 to 1.24) or by tertiles of predicted absolute risk based on family history (HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.32 to 1.47, HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.70 to 1.26, and HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.88 to 1.39, for lowest, middle, and highest tertile of risk, respectively) or for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers when examined separately. There was also no association after accounting for hormone therapy use after RRSO. These findings suggest that RRSO should not be considered efficacious for reducing breast cancer risk.
Published: 2019

27. Accuracy of Risk Estimates from the iPrevent Breast Cancer Risk Assessment and Management Tool

Author

Phillips, K-A, Liao, Y, Milne, RL, MacInnis, RJ, Collins, IM, Buchsbaum, R, Weideman, PC, Bickerstaffe, A, Nesci, S, Chung, WK, Southey, MC, Knight, JA, Whittemore, AS, Dite, GS, Goldgar, D, Giles, GG, Glendon, G, Cuzick, J, Antoniou, AC, Andrulis, IL, John, EM, Daly, MB, Buys, SS, Hopper, JL, Terry, MB, kConFab Investigators, Phillips, K-A, Liao, Y, Milne, RL, MacInnis, RJ, Collins, IM, Buchsbaum, R, Weideman, PC, Bickerstaffe, A, Nesci, S, Chung, WK, Southey, MC, Knight, JA, Whittemore, AS, Dite, GS, Goldgar, D, Giles, GG, Glendon, G, Cuzick, J, Antoniou, AC, Andrulis, IL, John, EM, Daly, MB, Buys, SS, Hopper, JL, Terry, MB, and kConFab Investigators

Abstract

Background

iPrevent is an online breast cancer (BC) risk management decision support tool. It uses an internal switching algorithm, based on a woman's risk factor data, to estimate her absolute BC risk using either the International Breast Cancer Intervention Study (IBIS) version 7.02, or Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm version 3 models, and then provides tailored risk management information. This study assessed the accuracy of the 10-year risk estimates using prospective data.

Methods

iPrevent-assigned 10-year invasive BC risk was calculated for 15 732 women aged 20-70 years and without BC at recruitment to the Prospective Family Study Cohort. Calibration, the ratio of the expected (E) number of BCs to the observed (O) number and discriminatory accuracy were assessed.

Results

During the 10 years of follow-up, 619 women (3.9%) developed BC compared with 702 expected (E/O = 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.05 to 1.23). For women younger than 50 years, 50 years and older, and BRCA1/2-mutation carriers and noncarriers, E/O was 1.04 (95% CI = 0.93 to 1.16), 1.24 (95% CI = 1.11 to 1.39), 1.13 (95% CI = 0.96 to 1.34), and 1.13 (95% CI = 1.04 to 1.24), respectively. The C-statistic was 0.70 (95% CI = 0.68 to 0.73) overall and 0.74 (95% CI = 0.71 to 0.77), 0.63 (95% CI = 0.59 to 0.66), 0.59 (95% CI = 0.53 to 0.64), and 0.65 (95% CI = 0.63 to 0.68), respectively, for the subgroups above. Applying the newer IBIS version 8.0b in the iPrevent switching algorithm improved calibration overall (E/O = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.98 to 1.15) and in all subgroups, without changing discriminatory accuracy.

Conclusions

For 10-year BC risk, iPrevent had good discriminatory accuracy overall and was well calibrated for women aged younger than 50 years. Calibration may be improved in the future by incorporating IBIS version 8.0b.

Published

2019

28. Shared heritability and functional enrichment across six solid cancers

Author: Jiang, X. (Xia), Finucane, H. K. (Hilary K.), Schumacher, F. R. (Fredrick R.), Schmit, S. L. (Stephanie L.), Tyrer, J. P. (Jonathan P.), Han, Y. (Younghun), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Lesseur, C. (Corina), Kuchenbaecker, K. B. (Karoline B.), Dennis, J. (Joe), Conti, D. V. (David V.), Casey, G. (Graham), Gaudet, M. M. (Mia M.), Huyghe, J. R. (Jeroen R.), Albanes, D. (Demetrius), Aldrich, M. C. (Melinda C.), Andrew, A. S. (Angeline S.), Andrulis, I. L. (Irene L.), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Antoniou, A. C. (Antonis C.), Antonenkova, N. N. (Natalia N.), Arnold, S. M. (Susanne M.), Aronson, K. J. (Kristan J.), Arun, B. K. (Banu K.), Bandera, E. V. (Elisa V.), Barkardottir, R. B. (Rosa B.), Barnes, D. R. (Daniel R.), Batra, J. (Jyotsna), Beckmann, M. W. (Matthias W.), Benitez, J. (Javier), Benlloch, S. (Sara), Berchuck, A. (Andrew), Berndt, S. I. (Sonja I.), Bickeboeller, H. (Heike), Bien, S. A. (Stephanie A.), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Boccia, S. (Stefania), Bogdanova, N. V. (Natalia V.), Bojesen, S. E. (Stig E.), Bolla, M. K. (Manjeet K.), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brenton, J. D. (James D.), Brook, M. N. (Mark N.), Brunet, J. (Joan), Brunnstrom, H. (Hans), Buchanan, D. D. (Daniel D.), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Butzow, R. (Ralf), Cadoni, G. (Gabriella), Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Caligo, M. A. (Maria A.), Campbell, I. (Ian), Campbell, P. T. (Peter T.), Cancel-Tassin, G. (Geraldine), Cannon-Albright, L. (Lisa), Campa, D. (Daniele), Caporaso, N. (Neil), Carvalho, A. L. (Andre L.), Chan, A. T. (Andrew T.), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Chanock, S. J. (Stephen J.), Chen, C. (Chu), Christiani, D. C. (David C.), Claes, K. B. (Kathleen B. M.), Claessens, F. (Frank), Clements, J. (Judith), Collee, J. M. (J. Margriet), Correa, M. C. (Marcia Cruz), Couch, F. J. (Fergus J.), Cox, A. (Angela), Cunningham, J. M. (Julie M.), Cybulski, C. (Cezary), Czene, K. (Kamila), Daly, M. B. (Mary B.), defazio, A. (Anna), Devilee, P. (Peter), Diez, O. (Orland), Gago-Dominguez, M. (Manuela), Donovan, J. L. (Jenny L.), Doerk, T. (Thilo), Duell, E. J. (Eric J.), Dunning, A. M. (Alison M.), Dwek, M. (Miriam), Eccles, D. M. (Diana M.), Edlund, C. K. (Christopher K.), Edwards, D. R. (Digna R. Velez), Ellberg, C. (Carolina), Evans, D. G. (D. Gareth), Fasching, P. A. (Peter A.), Ferris, R. L. (Robert L.), Liloglou, T. (Triantafillos), Figueiredo, J. C. (Jane C.), Fletcher, O. (Olivia), Fortner, R. T. (Renee T.), Fostira, F. (Florentia), Franceschi, S. (Silvia), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Gallinger, S. J. (Steven J.), Ganz, P. A. (Patricia A.), Garber, J. (Judy), Garcia-Saenz, J. A. (Jose A.), Gayther, S. A. (Simon A.), Giles, G. G. (Graham G.), Godwin, A. K. (Andrew K.), Goldberg, M. S. (Mark S.), Goldgar, D. E. (David E.), Goode, E. L. (Ellen L.), Goodman, M. T. (Marc T.), Goodman, G. (Gary), Grankvist, K. (Kjell), Greene, M. H. (Mark H.), Gronberg, H. (Henrik), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Guenel, P. (Pascal), Hakansson, N. (Niclas), Hall, P. (Per), Hamann, U. (Ute), Hamdy, F. C. (Freddie C.), Hamilton, R. J. (Robert J.), Hampe, J. (Jochen), Haugen, A. (Aage), Heitz, F. (Florian), Herrero, R. (Rolando), Hillemanns, P. (Peter), Hoffmeister, M. (Michael), Hogdall, E. (Estrid), Hong, Y.-C. (Yun-Chul), Hopper, J. L. (John L.), Houlston, R. (Richard), Hulick, P. J. (Peter J.), Hunter, D. J. (David J.), Huntsman, D. G. (David G.), Idos, G. (Gregory), Imyanitov, E. N. (Evgeny N.), Ingles, S. A. (Sue Ann), Isaacs, C. (Claudine), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), James, P. (Paul), Jenkins, M. A. (Mark A.), Johansson, M. (Mattias), Johansson, M. (Mikael), John, E. M. (Esther M.), Joshi, A. D. (Amit D.), Kaneva, R. (Radka), Karlan, B. Y. (Beth Y.), Kelemen, L. E. (Linda E.), Kuhl, T. (Tabea), Khaw, K.-T. (Kay-Tee), Khusnutdinova, E. (Elza), Kibel, A. S. (Adam S.), Kiemeney, L. A. (Lambertus A.), Kim, J. (Jeri), Kjaer, S. K. (Susanne K.), Knight, J. A. (Julia A.), Kogevinas, M. (Manolis), Kote-Jarai, Z. (Zsofia), Koutros, S. (Stella), Kristensen, V. N. (Vessela N.), Kupryjanczyk, J. (Jolanta), Lacko, M. (Martin), Lam, S. (Stephan), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Landi, M. T. (Maria Teresa), Lazarus, P. (Philip), Le, N. D. (Nhu D.), Lee, E. (Eunjung), Lejbkowicz, F. (Flavio), Lenz, H.-J. (Heinz-Josef), Leslie, G. (Goska), Lessel, D. (Davor), Lester, J. (Jenny), Levine, D. A. (Douglas A.), Li, L. (Li), Li, C. I. (Christopher I.), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Lindor, N. M. (Noralane M.), Liu, G. (Geoffrey), Loupakis, F. (Fotios), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Maehle, L. (Lovise), Maier, C. (Christiane), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Margolin, S. (Sara), May, T. (Taymaa), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Middha, P. (Pooja), Miller, A. (Austin), Milne, R. L. (Roger L.), MacInnis, R. J. (Robert J.), Modugno, F. (Francesmary), Montagna, M. (Marco), Moreno, V. (Victor), Moysich, K. B. (Kirsten B.), Mucci, L. (Lorelei), Muir, K. (Kenneth), Mulligan, A. M. (Anna Marie), Nathanson, K. L. (Katherine L.), Neal, D. E. (David E.), Ness, A. R. (Andrew R.), Neuhausen, S. L. (Susan L.), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Newcomb, P. A. (Polly A.), Newcomb, L. F. (Lisa F.), Nielsen, F. C. (Finn Cilius), Nikitina-Zake, L. (Liene), Nordestgaard, B. G. (Borge G.), Nussbaum, R. L. (Robert L.), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Olah, E. (Edith), Al Olama, A. A. (Ali Amin), Olopade, O. I. (Olufunmilayo I.), Olshan, A. F. (Andrew F.), Olsson, H. (Hakan), Osorio, A. (Ana), Pandha, H. (Hardev), Park, J. Y. (Jong Y.), Pashayan, N. (Nora), Parsons, M. T. (Michael T.), Pejovic, T. (Tanja), Penney, K. L. (Kathryn L.), Peters, W. H. (Wilbert H. M.), Phelan, C. M. (Catherine M.), Phipps, A. I. (Amanda I.), Plaseska-Karanfilska, D. (Dijana), Pring, M. (Miranda), Prokofyeva, D. (Darya), Radice, P. (Paolo), Stefansson, K. (Kari), Ramus, S. J. (Susan J.), Raskin, L. (Leon), Rennert, G. (Gad), Rennert, H. S. (Hedy S.), van Rensburg, E. J. (Elizabeth J.), Riggan, M. J. (Marjorie J.), Risch, H. A. (Harvey A.), Risch, A. (Angela), Roobol, M. J. (Monique J.), Rosenstein, B. S. (Barry S.), Rossing, M. A. (Mary Anne), De Ruyck, K. (Kim), Saloustros, E. (Emmanouil), Sandler, D. P. (Dale P.), Sawyer, E. J. (Elinor J.), Schabath, M. B. (Matthew B.), Schleutker, J. (Johanna), Schmidt, M. K. (Marjanka K.), Setiawan, V. W. (V. Wendy), Shen, H. (Hongbing), Siegel, E. M. (Erin M.), Sieh, W. (Weiva), Singer, C. F. (Christian F.), Slattery, M. L. (Martha L.), Sorensen, K. D. (Karina Dalsgaard), Southey, M. C. (Melissa C.), Spurdle, A. B. (Amanda B.), Stanford, J. L. (Janet L.), Stevens, V. L. (Victoria L.), Stintzing, S. (Sebastian), Stone, J. (Jennifer), Sundfeldt, K. (Karin), Sutphen, R. (Rebecca), Swerdlow, A. J. (Anthony J.), Tajara, E. H. (Eloiza H.), Tangen, C. M. (Catherine M.), Tardon, A. (Adonina), Taylor, J. A. (Jack A.), Teare, M. D. (M. Dawn), Teixeira, M. R. (Manuel R.), Terry, M. B. (Mary Beth), Terry, K. L. (Kathryn L.), Thibodeau, S. N. (Stephen N.), Thomassen, M. (Mads), Bjorge, L. (Line), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Toland, A. E. (Amanda E.), Torres, D. (Diana), Townsend, P. A. (Paul A.), Travis, R. C. (Ruth C.), Tung, N. (Nadine), Tworoger, S. S. (Shelley S.), Ulrich, C. M. (Cornelia M.), Usmani, N. (Nawaid), Vachon, C. M. (Celine M.), Van Nieuwenhuysen, E. (Els), Vega, A. (Ana), Aguado-Barrera, M. E. (Miguel Elias), Wang, Q. (Qin), Webb, P. M. (Penelope M.), Weinberg, C. R. (Clarice R.), Weinstein, S. (Stephanie), Weissler, M. C. (Mark C.), Weitzel, J. N. (Jeffrey N.), West, C. M. (Catharine M. L.), White, E. (Emily), Whittemore, A. S. (Alice S.), Wichmann, H.-E. (H-Erich), Wiklund, F. (Fredrik), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Wolk, A. (Alicja), Woll, P. (Penella), Woods, M. (Michael), Wu, A. H. (Anna H.), Wu, X. (Xifeng), Yannoukakos, D. (Drakoulis), Zheng, W. (Wei), Zienolddiny, S. (Shanbeh), Ziogas, A. (Argyrios), Zorn, K. K. (Kristin K.), Lane, J. M. (Jacqueline M.), Saxena, R. (Richa), Thomas, D. (Duncan), Hung, R. J. (Rayjean J.), Diergaarde, B. (Brenda), Mckay, J. (James), Peters, U. (Ulrike), Hsu, L. (Li), Garcia-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Eeles, R. A. (Rosalind A.), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Brennan, P. J. (Paul J.), Haiman, C. A. (Christopher A.), Simard, J. (Jacques), Easton, D. F. (Douglas F.), Gruber, S. B. (Stephen B.), Pharoah, P. D. (Paul D. P.), Price, A. L. (Alkes L.), Pasaniuc, B. (Bogdan), Amos, C. I. (Christopher I.), Kraft, P. (Peter), Lindstrom, S. (Sara), Jiang, X. (Xia), Finucane, H. K. (Hilary K.), Schumacher, F. R. (Fredrick R.), Schmit, S. L. (Stephanie L.), Tyrer, J. P. (Jonathan P.), Han, Y. (Younghun), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Lesseur, C. (Corina), Kuchenbaecker, K. B. (Karoline B.), Dennis, J. (Joe), Conti, D. V. (David V.), Casey, G. (Graham), Gaudet, M. M. (Mia M.), Huyghe, J. R. (Jeroen R.), Albanes, D. (Demetrius), Aldrich, M. C. (Melinda C.), Andrew, A. S. (Angeline S.), Andrulis, I. L. (Irene L.), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Antoniou, A. C. (Antonis C.), Antonenkova, N. N. (Natalia N.), Arnold, S. M. (Susanne M.), Aronson, K. J. (Kristan J.), Arun, B. K. (Banu K.), Bandera, E. V. (Elisa V.), Barkardottir, R. B. (Rosa B.), Barnes, D. R. (Daniel R.), Batra, J. (Jyotsna), Beckmann, M. W. (Matthias W.), Benitez, J. (Javier), Benlloch, S. (Sara), Berchuck, A. (Andrew), Berndt, S. I. (Sonja I.), Bickeboeller, H. (Heike), Bien, S. A. (Stephanie A.), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Boccia, S. (Stefania), Bogdanova, N. V. (Natalia V.), Bojesen, S. E. (Stig E.), Bolla, M. K. (Manjeet K.), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brenton, J. D. (James D.), Brook, M. N. (Mark N.), Brunet, J. (Joan), Brunnstrom, H. (Hans), Buchanan, D. D. (Daniel D.), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Butzow, R. (Ralf), Cadoni, G. (Gabriella), Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Caligo, M. A. (Maria A.), Campbell, I. (Ian), Campbell, P. T. (Peter T.), Cancel-Tassin, G. (Geraldine), Cannon-Albright, L. (Lisa), Campa, D. (Daniele), Caporaso, N. (Neil), Carvalho, A. L. (Andre L.), Chan, A. T. (Andrew T.), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Chanock, S. J. (Stephen J.), Chen, C. (Chu), Christiani, D. C. (David C.), Claes, K. B. (Kathleen B. M.), Claessens, F. (Frank), Clements, J. (Judith), Collee, J. M. (J. Margriet), Correa, M. C. (Marcia Cruz), Couch, F. J. (Fergus J.), Cox, A. (Angela), Cunningham, J. M. (Julie M.), Cybulski, C. (Cezary), Czene, K. (Kamila), Daly, M. B. (Mary B.), defazio, A. (Anna), Devilee, P. (Peter), Diez, O. (Orland), Gago-Dominguez, M. (Manuela), Donovan, J. L. (Jenny L.), Doerk, T. (Thilo), Duell, E. J. (Eric J.), Dunning, A. M. (Alison M.), Dwek, M. (Miriam), Eccles, D. M. (Diana M.), Edlund, C. K. (Christopher K.), Edwards, D. R. (Digna R. Velez), Ellberg, C. (Carolina), Evans, D. G. (D. Gareth), Fasching, P. A. (Peter A.), Ferris, R. L. (Robert L.), Liloglou, T. (Triantafillos), Figueiredo, J. C. (Jane C.), Fletcher, O. (Olivia), Fortner, R. T. (Renee T.), Fostira, F. (Florentia), Franceschi, S. (Silvia), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Gallinger, S. J. (Steven J.), Ganz, P. A. (Patricia A.), Garber, J. (Judy), Garcia-Saenz, J. A. (Jose A.), Gayther, S. A. (Simon A.), Giles, G. G. (Graham G.), Godwin, A. K. (Andrew K.), Goldberg, M. S. (Mark S.), Goldgar, D. E. (David E.), Goode, E. L. (Ellen L.), Goodman, M. T. (Marc T.), Goodman, G. (Gary), Grankvist, K. (Kjell), Greene, M. H. (Mark H.), Gronberg, H. (Henrik), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Guenel, P. (Pascal), Hakansson, N. (Niclas), Hall, P. (Per), Hamann, U. (Ute), Hamdy, F. C. (Freddie C.), Hamilton, R. J. (Robert J.), Hampe, J. (Jochen), Haugen, A. (Aage), Heitz, F. (Florian), Herrero, R. (Rolando), Hillemanns, P. (Peter), Hoffmeister, M. (Michael), Hogdall, E. (Estrid), Hong, Y.-C. (Yun-Chul), Hopper, J. L. (John L.), Houlston, R. (Richard), Hulick, P. J. (Peter J.), Hunter, D. J. (David J.), Huntsman, D. G. (David G.), Idos, G. (Gregory), Imyanitov, E. N. (Evgeny N.), Ingles, S. A. (Sue Ann), Isaacs, C. (Claudine), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), James, P. (Paul), Jenkins, M. A. (Mark A.), Johansson, M. (Mattias), Johansson, M. (Mikael), John, E. M. (Esther M.), Joshi, A. D. (Amit D.), Kaneva, R. (Radka), Karlan, B. Y. (Beth Y.), Kelemen, L. E. (Linda E.), Kuhl, T. (Tabea), Khaw, K.-T. (Kay-Tee), Khusnutdinova, E. (Elza), Kibel, A. S. (Adam S.), Kiemeney, L. A. (Lambertus A.), Kim, J. (Jeri), Kjaer, S. K. (Susanne K.), Knight, J. A. (Julia A.), Kogevinas, M. (Manolis), Kote-Jarai, Z. (Zsofia), Koutros, S. (Stella), Kristensen, V. N. (Vessela N.), Kupryjanczyk, J. (Jolanta), Lacko, M. (Martin), Lam, S. (Stephan), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Landi, M. T. (Maria Teresa), Lazarus, P. (Philip), Le, N. D. (Nhu D.), Lee, E. (Eunjung), Lejbkowicz, F. (Flavio), Lenz, H.-J. (Heinz-Josef), Leslie, G. (Goska), Lessel, D. (Davor), Lester, J. (Jenny), Levine, D. A. (Douglas A.), Li, L. (Li), Li, C. I. (Christopher I.), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Lindor, N. M. (Noralane M.), Liu, G. (Geoffrey), Loupakis, F. (Fotios), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Maehle, L. (Lovise), Maier, C. (Christiane), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Margolin, S. (Sara), May, T. (Taymaa), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Middha, P. (Pooja), Miller, A. (Austin), Milne, R. L. (Roger L.), MacInnis, R. J. (Robert J.), Modugno, F. (Francesmary), Montagna, M. (Marco), Moreno, V. (Victor), Moysich, K. B. (Kirsten B.), Mucci, L. (Lorelei), Muir, K. (Kenneth), Mulligan, A. M. (Anna Marie), Nathanson, K. L. (Katherine L.), Neal, D. E. (David E.), Ness, A. R. (Andrew R.), Neuhausen, S. L. (Susan L.), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Newcomb, P. A. (Polly A.), Newcomb, L. F. (Lisa F.), Nielsen, F. C. (Finn Cilius), Nikitina-Zake, L. (Liene), Nordestgaard, B. G. (Borge G.), Nussbaum, R. L. (Robert L.), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Olah, E. (Edith), Al Olama, A. A. (Ali Amin), Olopade, O. I. (Olufunmilayo I.), Olshan, A. F. (Andrew F.), Olsson, H. (Hakan), Osorio, A. (Ana), Pandha, H. (Hardev), Park, J. Y. (Jong Y.), Pashayan, N. (Nora), Parsons, M. T. (Michael T.), Pejovic, T. (Tanja), Penney, K. L. (Kathryn L.), Peters, W. H. (Wilbert H. M.), Phelan, C. M. (Catherine M.), Phipps, A. I. (Amanda I.), Plaseska-Karanfilska, D. (Dijana), Pring, M. (Miranda), Prokofyeva, D. (Darya), Radice, P. (Paolo), Stefansson, K. (Kari), Ramus, S. J. (Susan J.), Raskin, L. (Leon), Rennert, G. (Gad), Rennert, H. S. (Hedy S.), van Rensburg, E. J. (Elizabeth J.), Riggan, M. J. (Marjorie J.), Risch, H. A. (Harvey A.), Risch, A. (Angela), Roobol, M. J. (Monique J.), Rosenstein, B. S. (Barry S.), Rossing, M. A. (Mary Anne), De Ruyck, K. (Kim), Saloustros, E. (Emmanouil), Sandler, D. P. (Dale P.), Sawyer, E. J. (Elinor J.), Schabath, M. B. (Matthew B.), Schleutker, J. (Johanna), Schmidt, M. K. (Marjanka K.), Setiawan, V. W. (V. Wendy), Shen, H. (Hongbing), Siegel, E. M. (Erin M.), Sieh, W. (Weiva), Singer, C. F. (Christian F.), Slattery, M. L. (Martha L.), Sorensen, K. D. (Karina Dalsgaard), Southey, M. C. (Melissa C.), Spurdle, A. B. (Amanda B.), Stanford, J. L. (Janet L.), Stevens, V. L. (Victoria L.), Stintzing, S. (Sebastian), Stone, J. (Jennifer), Sundfeldt, K. (Karin), Sutphen, R. (Rebecca), Swerdlow, A. J. (Anthony J.), Tajara, E. H. (Eloiza H.), Tangen, C. M. (Catherine M.), Tardon, A. (Adonina), Taylor, J. A. (Jack A.), Teare, M. D. (M. Dawn), Teixeira, M. R. (Manuel R.), Terry, M. B. (Mary Beth), Terry, K. L. (Kathryn L.), Thibodeau, S. N. (Stephen N.), Thomassen, M. (Mads), Bjorge, L. (Line), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Toland, A. E. (Amanda E.), Torres, D. (Diana), Townsend, P. A. (Paul A.), Travis, R. C. (Ruth C.), Tung, N. (Nadine), Tworoger, S. S. (Shelley S.), Ulrich, C. M. (Cornelia M.), Usmani, N. (Nawaid), Vachon, C. M. (Celine M.), Van Nieuwenhuysen, E. (Els), Vega, A. (Ana), Aguado-Barrera, M. E. (Miguel Elias), Wang, Q. (Qin), Webb, P. M. (Penelope M.), Weinberg, C. R. (Clarice R.), Weinstein, S. (Stephanie), Weissler, M. C. (Mark C.), Weitzel, J. N. (Jeffrey N.), West, C. M. (Catharine M. L.), White, E. (Emily), Whittemore, A. S. (Alice S.), Wichmann, H.-E. (H-Erich), Wiklund, F. (Fredrik), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Wolk, A. (Alicja), Woll, P. (Penella), Woods, M. (Michael), Wu, A. H. (Anna H.), Wu, X. (Xifeng), Yannoukakos, D. (Drakoulis), Zheng, W. (Wei), Zienolddiny, S. (Shanbeh), Ziogas, A. (Argyrios), Zorn, K. K. (Kristin K.), Lane, J. M. (Jacqueline M.), Saxena, R. (Richa), Thomas, D. (Duncan), Hung, R. J. (Rayjean J.), Diergaarde, B. (Brenda), Mckay, J. (James), Peters, U. (Ulrike), Hsu, L. (Li), Garcia-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Eeles, R. A. (Rosalind A.), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Brennan, P. J. (Paul J.), Haiman, C. A. (Christopher A.), Simard, J. (Jacques), Easton, D. F. (Douglas F.), Gruber, S. B. (Stephen B.), Pharoah, P. D. (Paul D. P.), Price, A. L. (Alkes L.), Pasaniuc, B. (Bogdan), Amos, C. I. (Christopher I.), Kraft, P. (Peter), and Lindstrom, S. (Sara)
Abstract: Quantifying the genetic correlation between cancers can provide important insights into the mechanisms driving cancer etiology. Using genome-wide association study summary statistics across six cancer types based on a total of 296,215 cases and 301,319 controls of European ancestry, here we estimate the pair-wise genetic correlations between breast, colorectal, head/neck, lung, ovary and prostate cancer, and between cancers and 38 other diseases. We observed statistically significant genetic correlations between lung and head/neck cancer (rg = 0.57, p = 4.6 × 10−8), breast and ovarian cancer (rg = 0.24, p = 7 × 10−5), breast and lung cancer (rg = 0.18, p =1.5 × 10−6) and breast and colorectal cancer (rg = 0.15, p = 1.1 × 10−4). We also found that multiple cancers are genetically correlated with non-cancer traits including smoking, psychiatric diseases and metabolic characteristics. Functional enrichment analysis revealed a significant excess contribution of conserved and regulatory regions to cancer heritability. Our comprehensive analysis of cross-cancer heritability suggests that solid tumors arising across tissues share in part a common germline genetic basis.
Published: 2019

29. Genome-wide association and transcriptome studies identify target genes and risk loci for breast cancer

Author: Ferreira, M. A. (Manuel A.), Gamazon, E. R. (Eric R.), Al-Ejeh, F. (Fares), Aittomaki, K. (Kristiina), Andrulis, I. L. (Irene L.), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Arason, A. (Adalgeir), Arndt, V. (Volker), Aronson, K. J. (Kristan J.), Arun, B. K. (Banu K.), Asseryanis, E. (Ella), Azzollini, J. (Jacopo), Balmana, J. (Judith), Barnes, D. R. (Daniel R.), Barrowdale, D. (Daniel), Beckmann, M. W. (Matthias W.), Behrens, S. (Sabine), Benitez, J. (Javier), Bermisheva, M. (Marina), Bialkowska, K. (Katarzyna), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Bogdanova, N. V. (Natalia, V), Bojesen, S. E. (Stig E.), Bolla, M. K. (Manjeet K.), Borg, A. (Ake), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Broeks, A. (Annegien), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Caligo, M. A. (Maria A.), Campa, D. (Daniele), Campbell, I. (Ian), Canzian, F. (Federico), Carter, J. (Jonathan), Carter, B. D. (Brian D.), Castelao, J. E. (Jose E.), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Chanock, S. J. (Stephen J.), Christiansen, H. (Hans), Chung, W. K. (Wendy K.), Claes, K. B. (Kathleen B. M.), Clarke, C. L. (Christine L.), Couch, F. J. (Fergus J.), Cox, A. (Angela), Cross, S. S. (Simon S.), Czene, K. (Kamila), Daly, M. B. (Mary B.), de la Hoya, M. (Miguel), Dennis, J. (Joe), Devilee, P. (Peter), Diez, O. (Orland), Doerk, T. (Thilo), Dunning, A. M. (Alison M.), Dwek, M. (Miriam), Eccles, D. M. (Diana M.), Ejlertsen, B. (Bent), Ellberg, C. (Carolina), Engel, C. (Christoph), Eriksson, M. (Mikael), Fasching, P. A. (Peter A.), Fletcher, O. (Olivia), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Frost, D. (Debra), Gabrielson, M. (Marike), Gago-Dominguez, M. (Manuela), Ganz, P. A. (Patricia A.), Gapstur, S. M. (Susan M.), Garber, J. (Judy), Garcia-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Garcia-Saenz, J. A. (Jose A.), Gaudet, M. M. (Mia M.), Giles, G. G. (Graham G.), Glendon, G. (Gord), Godwin, A. K. (Andrew K.), Goldberg, M. S. (Mark S.), Goldgar, D. E. (David E.), Gonzalez-Neira, A. (Anna), Greene, M. H. (Mark H.), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Guenel, P. (Pascal), Haiman, C. A. (Christopher A.), Hall, P. (Per), Hamann, U. (Ute), He, W. (Wei), Heyworth, J. (Jane), Hogervorst, F. B. (Frans B. L.), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Hoover, R. N. (Robert N.), Hopper, J. L. (John L.), Hulick, P. J. (Peter J.), Humphreys, K. (Keith), Imyanitov, E. N. (Evgeny N.), Isaacs, C. (Claudine), Jakimovska, M. (Milena), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), James, P. A. (Paul A.), Janavicius, R. (Ramunas), Jankowitz, R. C. (Rachel C.), John, E. M. (Esther M.), Johnson, N. (Nichola), Joseph, V. (Vijai), Karlan, B. Y. (Beth Y.), Khusnutdinova, E. (Elza), Kiiski, J. I. (Johanna, I), Ko, Y.-D. (Yon-Dschun), Jones, M. E. (Michael E.), Konstantopoulou, I. (Irene), Kristensen, V. N. (Vessela N.), Laitman, Y. (Yael), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Lazaro, C. (Conxi), Leslie, G. (Goska), Lester, J. (Jenny), Lesueur, F. (Fabienne), Lindstrom, S. (Sara), Long, J. (Jirong), Loud, J. T. (Jennifer T.), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Makalic, E. (Enes), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Manoochehri, M. (Mehdi), Margolin, S. (Sara), Maurer, T. (Tabea), Mavroudis, D. (Dimitrios), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Menon, U. (Usha), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Miller, A. (Austin), Montagna, M. (Marco), Moreno, F. (Fernando), Moserle, L. (Lidia), Mulligan, A. M. (Anna Marie), Nathanson, K. L. (Katherine L.), Neuhausen, S. L. (Susan L.), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Nevelsteen, I. (Ines), Nielsen, F. C. (Finn C.), Nikitina-Zake, L. (Liene), Nussbaum, R. L. (Robert L.), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Olah, E. (Edith), Olopade, O. I. (Olufunmilayo, I), Olsson, H. (Hakan), Osorio, A. (Ana), Papp, J. (Janos), Park-Simon, T.-W. (Tjoung-Won), Parsons, M. T. (Michael T.), Pedersen, I. S. (Inge Sokilde), Peixoto, A. (Ana), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Pharoah, P. D. (Paul D. P.), Plaseska-Karanfilska, D. (Dijana), Poppe, B. (Bruce), Presneau, N. (Nadege), Radice, P. (Paolo), Rantala, J. (Johanna), Rennert, G. (Gad), Risch, H. A. (Harvey A.), Saloustros, E. (Emmanouil), Sanden, K. (Kristin), Sawyer, E. J. (Elinor J.), Schmidt, M. K. (Marjanka K.), Schmutzler, R. K. (Rita K.), Sharma, P. (Priyanka), Shu, X.-O. (Xiao-Ou), Simard, J. (Jacques), Singer, C. F. (Christian F.), Soucy, P. (Penny), Southey, M. C. (Melissa C.), Spinelli, J. J. (John J.), Spurdle, A. B. (Amanda B.), Stone, J. (Jennifer), Swerdlow, A. J. (Anthony J.), Tapper, W. J. (William J.), Taylor, J. A. (Jack A.), Teixeira, M. R. (Manuel R.), Terry, M. B. (Mary Beth), Teule, A. (Alex), Thomassen, M. (Mads), Thoene, K. (Kathrin), Thull, D. L. (Darcy L.), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Toland, A. E. (Amanda E.), Torres, D. (Diana), Truong, T. (Therese), Tung, N. (Nadine), Vachon, C. M. (Celine M.), van Asperen, C. J. (Christi J.), van den Ouweland, A. M. (Ans M. W.), van Rensburg, E. J. (Elizabeth J.), Vega, A. (Ana), Viel, A. (Alessandra), Wang, Q. (Qin), Wappenschmidt, B. (Barbara), Weitzel, J. N. (Jeffrey N.), Wendt, C. (Camilla), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Yang, X. R. (Xiaohong R.), Yannoukakos, D. (Drakoulis), Ziogas, A. (Argyrios), Kraft, P. (Peter), Antoniou, A. C. (Antonis C.), Zheng, W. (Wei), Easton, D. F. (Douglas F.), Milne, R. L. (Roger L.), Beesley, J. (Jonathan), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Arnold, N. (Norbert), Auber, B. (Bernd), Bogdanova-Markov, N. (Nadja), Borde, J. (Julika), Caliebe, A. (Almuth), Ditsch, N. (Nina), Dworniczak, B. (Bernd), Engert, S. (Stefanie), Faust, U. (Ulrike), Gehrig, A. (Andrea), Hahnen, E. (Eric), Hauke, J. (Jan), Hentschel, J. (Julia), Herold, N. (Natalie), Honisch, E. (Ellen), Just, W. (Walter), Kast, K. (Karin), Larsen, M. (Mirjam), Lemke, J. (Johannes), . (), Niederacher, D. (Dieter), Ott, C.-E. (Claus-Eric), Platzer, K. (Konrad), Pohl-Rescigno, E. (Esther), Ramser, J. (Juliane), Rhiem, K. (Kerstin), Steinemann, D. (Doris), Sutter, C. (Christian), Varon-Mateeva, R. (Raymonda), Wang-Gohrke, S. (Shan), Weber, B. H. (Bernhard H. F.), Prieur, F. (Fabienne), Pujol, P. (Pascal), Sagne, C. (Charlotte), Sevenet, N. (Nicolas), Sobol, H. (Hagay), Sokolowska, J. (Johanna), Stoppa-Lyonnet, D. (Dominique), Venat-Bouvet, L. (Laurence), Adlard, J. (Julian), Ahmed, M. (Munaza), Barwell, J. (Julian), Brady, A. (Angela), Brewer, C. (Carole), Cook, J. (Jackie), Davidson, R. (Rosemarie), Donaldson, A. (Alan), Eason, J. (Jacqueline), Eeles, R. (Ros), Evans, D. G. (D. Gareth), Gregory, H. (Helen), Hanson, H. (Helen), Henderson, A. (Alex), Hodgson, S. (Shirley), Izatt, L. (Louise), Kennedy, M. J. (M. John), Lalloo, F. (Fiona), Miller, C. (Clare), Morrison, P. J. (Patrick J.), Ong, K.-r. (Kai-ren), Perkins, J. (Jo), Porteous, M. E. (Mary E.), Rogers, M. T. (Mark T.), Side, L. E. (Lucy E.), Snape, K. (Katie), Walker, L. (Lisa), Harrington, P. A. (Patricia A.), Heemskerk-Gerritsen, B. A. (Bernadette A. M.), Rookus, M. A. (Matti A.), Seynaeve, C. M. (Caroline M.), van der Baan, F. H. (Frederieke H.), van der Hout, A. H. (Annemieke H.), van der Kolk, L. E. (Lizet E.), van der Luijt, R. B. (Rob B.), van Deurzen, C. H. (Carolien H. M.), van Doorn, H. C. (Helena C.), van Engelen, K. (Klaartje), van Hest, L. (Liselotte), van Os, T. A. (Theo A. M.), Verhoef, S. (Senno), Vogel, M. J. (Maartje J.), Wijnen, J. T. (Juul T.), Miron, A. (Alexander), Kapuscinski, M. (Miroslav), Bane, A. (Anita), Ross, E. (Eric), Buys, S. S. (Saundra S.), Conner, T. A. (Thomas A.), Balleine, R. (Rosemary), Baxter, R. (Robert), Braye, S. (Stephen), Carpenter, J. (Jane), Dahlstrom, J. (Jane), Forbes, J. (John), Lee, S. C. (Soon C.), Marsh, D. (Deborah), Morey, A. (Adrienne), Pathmanathan, N. (Nirmala), Simpson, P. (Peter), Spigelman, A. (Allan), Wilcken, N. (Nicholas), Yip, D. (Desmond), Ferreira, M. A. (Manuel A.), Gamazon, E. R. (Eric R.), Al-Ejeh, F. (Fares), Aittomaki, K. (Kristiina), Andrulis, I. L. (Irene L.), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Arason, A. (Adalgeir), Arndt, V. (Volker), Aronson, K. J. (Kristan J.), Arun, B. K. (Banu K.), Asseryanis, E. (Ella), Azzollini, J. (Jacopo), Balmana, J. (Judith), Barnes, D. R. (Daniel R.), Barrowdale, D. (Daniel), Beckmann, M. W. (Matthias W.), Behrens, S. (Sabine), Benitez, J. (Javier), Bermisheva, M. (Marina), Bialkowska, K. (Katarzyna), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Bogdanova, N. V. (Natalia, V), Bojesen, S. E. (Stig E.), Bolla, M. K. (Manjeet K.), Borg, A. (Ake), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Broeks, A. (Annegien), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Caligo, M. A. (Maria A.), Campa, D. (Daniele), Campbell, I. (Ian), Canzian, F. (Federico), Carter, J. (Jonathan), Carter, B. D. (Brian D.), Castelao, J. E. (Jose E.), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Chanock, S. J. (Stephen J.), Christiansen, H. (Hans), Chung, W. K. (Wendy K.), Claes, K. B. (Kathleen B. M.), Clarke, C. L. (Christine L.), Couch, F. J. (Fergus J.), Cox, A. (Angela), Cross, S. S. (Simon S.), Czene, K. (Kamila), Daly, M. B. (Mary B.), de la Hoya, M. (Miguel), Dennis, J. (Joe), Devilee, P. (Peter), Diez, O. (Orland), Doerk, T. (Thilo), Dunning, A. M. (Alison M.), Dwek, M. (Miriam), Eccles, D. M. (Diana M.), Ejlertsen, B. (Bent), Ellberg, C. (Carolina), Engel, C. (Christoph), Eriksson, M. (Mikael), Fasching, P. A. (Peter A.), Fletcher, O. (Olivia), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Frost, D. (Debra), Gabrielson, M. (Marike), Gago-Dominguez, M. (Manuela), Ganz, P. A. (Patricia A.), Gapstur, S. M. (Susan M.), Garber, J. (Judy), Garcia-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Garcia-Saenz, J. A. (Jose A.), Gaudet, M. M. (Mia M.), Giles, G. G. (Graham G.), Glendon, G. (Gord), Godwin, A. K. (Andrew K.), Goldberg, M. S. (Mark S.), Goldgar, D. E. (David E.), Gonzalez-Neira, A. (Anna), Greene, M. H. (Mark H.), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Guenel, P. (Pascal), Haiman, C. A. (Christopher A.), Hall, P. (Per), Hamann, U. (Ute), He, W. (Wei), Heyworth, J. (Jane), Hogervorst, F. B. (Frans B. L.), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Hoover, R. N. (Robert N.), Hopper, J. L. (John L.), Hulick, P. J. (Peter J.), Humphreys, K. (Keith), Imyanitov, E. N. (Evgeny N.), Isaacs, C. (Claudine), Jakimovska, M. (Milena), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), James, P. A. (Paul A.), Janavicius, R. (Ramunas), Jankowitz, R. C. (Rachel C.), John, E. M. (Esther M.), Johnson, N. (Nichola), Joseph, V. (Vijai), Karlan, B. Y. (Beth Y.), Khusnutdinova, E. (Elza), Kiiski, J. I. (Johanna, I), Ko, Y.-D. (Yon-Dschun), Jones, M. E. (Michael E.), Konstantopoulou, I. (Irene), Kristensen, V. N. (Vessela N.), Laitman, Y. (Yael), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Lazaro, C. (Conxi), Leslie, G. (Goska), Lester, J. (Jenny), Lesueur, F. (Fabienne), Lindstrom, S. (Sara), Long, J. (Jirong), Loud, J. T. (Jennifer T.), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Makalic, E. (Enes), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Manoochehri, M. (Mehdi), Margolin, S. (Sara), Maurer, T. (Tabea), Mavroudis, D. (Dimitrios), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Menon, U. (Usha), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Miller, A. (Austin), Montagna, M. (Marco), Moreno, F. (Fernando), Moserle, L. (Lidia), Mulligan, A. M. (Anna Marie), Nathanson, K. L. (Katherine L.), Neuhausen, S. L. (Susan L.), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Nevelsteen, I. (Ines), Nielsen, F. C. (Finn C.), Nikitina-Zake, L. (Liene), Nussbaum, R. L. (Robert L.), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Olah, E. (Edith), Olopade, O. I. (Olufunmilayo, I), Olsson, H. (Hakan), Osorio, A. (Ana), Papp, J. (Janos), Park-Simon, T.-W. (Tjoung-Won), Parsons, M. T. (Michael T.), Pedersen, I. S. (Inge Sokilde), Peixoto, A. (Ana), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Pharoah, P. D. (Paul D. P.), Plaseska-Karanfilska, D. (Dijana), Poppe, B. (Bruce), Presneau, N. (Nadege), Radice, P. (Paolo), Rantala, J. (Johanna), Rennert, G. (Gad), Risch, H. A. (Harvey A.), Saloustros, E. (Emmanouil), Sanden, K. (Kristin), Sawyer, E. J. (Elinor J.), Schmidt, M. K. (Marjanka K.), Schmutzler, R. K. (Rita K.), Sharma, P. (Priyanka), Shu, X.-O. (Xiao-Ou), Simard, J. (Jacques), Singer, C. F. (Christian F.), Soucy, P. (Penny), Southey, M. C. (Melissa C.), Spinelli, J. J. (John J.), Spurdle, A. B. (Amanda B.), Stone, J. (Jennifer), Swerdlow, A. J. (Anthony J.), Tapper, W. J. (William J.), Taylor, J. A. (Jack A.), Teixeira, M. R. (Manuel R.), Terry, M. B. (Mary Beth), Teule, A. (Alex), Thomassen, M. (Mads), Thoene, K. (Kathrin), Thull, D. L. (Darcy L.), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Toland, A. E. (Amanda E.), Torres, D. (Diana), Truong, T. (Therese), Tung, N. (Nadine), Vachon, C. M. (Celine M.), van Asperen, C. J. (Christi J.), van den Ouweland, A. M. (Ans M. W.), van Rensburg, E. J. (Elizabeth J.), Vega, A. (Ana), Viel, A. (Alessandra), Wang, Q. (Qin), Wappenschmidt, B. (Barbara), Weitzel, J. N. (Jeffrey N.), Wendt, C. (Camilla), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Yang, X. R. (Xiaohong R.), Yannoukakos, D. (Drakoulis), Ziogas, A. (Argyrios), Kraft, P. (Peter), Antoniou, A. C. (Antonis C.), Zheng, W. (Wei), Easton, D. F. (Douglas F.), Milne, R. L. (Roger L.), Beesley, J. (Jonathan), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Arnold, N. (Norbert), Auber, B. (Bernd), Bogdanova-Markov, N. (Nadja), Borde, J. (Julika), Caliebe, A. (Almuth), Ditsch, N. (Nina), Dworniczak, B. (Bernd), Engert, S. (Stefanie), Faust, U. (Ulrike), Gehrig, A. (Andrea), Hahnen, E. (Eric), Hauke, J. (Jan), Hentschel, J. (Julia), Herold, N. (Natalie), Honisch, E. (Ellen), Just, W. (Walter), Kast, K. (Karin), Larsen, M. (Mirjam), Lemke, J. (Johannes), . (), Niederacher, D. (Dieter), Ott, C.-E. (Claus-Eric), Platzer, K. (Konrad), Pohl-Rescigno, E. (Esther), Ramser, J. (Juliane), Rhiem, K. (Kerstin), Steinemann, D. (Doris), Sutter, C. (Christian), Varon-Mateeva, R. (Raymonda), Wang-Gohrke, S. (Shan), Weber, B. H. (Bernhard H. F.), Prieur, F. (Fabienne), Pujol, P. (Pascal), Sagne, C. (Charlotte), Sevenet, N. (Nicolas), Sobol, H. (Hagay), Sokolowska, J. (Johanna), Stoppa-Lyonnet, D. (Dominique), Venat-Bouvet, L. (Laurence), Adlard, J. (Julian), Ahmed, M. (Munaza), Barwell, J. (Julian), Brady, A. (Angela), Brewer, C. (Carole), Cook, J. (Jackie), Davidson, R. (Rosemarie), Donaldson, A. (Alan), Eason, J. (Jacqueline), Eeles, R. (Ros), Evans, D. G. (D. Gareth), Gregory, H. (Helen), Hanson, H. (Helen), Henderson, A. (Alex), Hodgson, S. (Shirley), Izatt, L. (Louise), Kennedy, M. J. (M. John), Lalloo, F. (Fiona), Miller, C. (Clare), Morrison, P. J. (Patrick J.), Ong, K.-r. (Kai-ren), Perkins, J. (Jo), Porteous, M. E. (Mary E.), Rogers, M. T. (Mark T.), Side, L. E. (Lucy E.), Snape, K. (Katie), Walker, L. (Lisa), Harrington, P. A. (Patricia A.), Heemskerk-Gerritsen, B. A. (Bernadette A. M.), Rookus, M. A. (Matti A.), Seynaeve, C. M. (Caroline M.), van der Baan, F. H. (Frederieke H.), van der Hout, A. H. (Annemieke H.), van der Kolk, L. E. (Lizet E.), van der Luijt, R. B. (Rob B.), van Deurzen, C. H. (Carolien H. M.), van Doorn, H. C. (Helena C.), van Engelen, K. (Klaartje), van Hest, L. (Liselotte), van Os, T. A. (Theo A. M.), Verhoef, S. (Senno), Vogel, M. J. (Maartje J.), Wijnen, J. T. (Juul T.), Miron, A. (Alexander), Kapuscinski, M. (Miroslav), Bane, A. (Anita), Ross, E. (Eric), Buys, S. S. (Saundra S.), Conner, T. A. (Thomas A.), Balleine, R. (Rosemary), Baxter, R. (Robert), Braye, S. (Stephen), Carpenter, J. (Jane), Dahlstrom, J. (Jane), Forbes, J. (John), Lee, S. C. (Soon C.), Marsh, D. (Deborah), Morey, A. (Adrienne), Pathmanathan, N. (Nirmala), Simpson, P. (Peter), Spigelman, A. (Allan), Wilcken, N. (Nicholas), and Yip, D. (Desmond)
Abstract: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 170 breast cancer susceptibility loci. Here we hypothesize that some risk-associated variants might act in non-breast tissues, specifically adipose tissue and immune cells from blood and spleen. Using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) reported in these tissues, we identify 26 previously unreported, likely target genes of overall breast cancer risk variants, and 17 for estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer, several with a known immune function. We determine the directional effect of gene expression on disease risk measured based on single and multiple eQTL. In addition, using a gene-based test of association that considers eQTL from multiple tissues, we identify seven (and four) regions with variants associated with overall (and ER-negative) breast cancer risk, which were not reported in previous GWAS. Further investigation of the function of the implicated genes in breast and immune cells may provide insights into the etiology of breast cancer.
Published: 2019

30. Polygenic risk scores for prediction of breast cancer and breast cancer subtypes

Author: Mavaddat, N. (Nasim), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Dennis, J. (Joe), Lush, M. (Michael), Fachal, L. (Laura), Lee, A. (Andrew), Tyrer, J. P. (Jonathan P.), Chen, T.-H. (Ting-Huei), Wang, Q. (Qin), Bolla, M. K. (Manjeet K.), Yang, X. (Xin), Adank, M. A. (Muriel A.), Ahearn, T. (Thomas), Aittomaki, K. (Kristiina), Allen, J. (Jamie), Andrulis, I. L. (Irene L.), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Antonenkova, N. N. (Natalia N.), Arndt, V. (Volker), Aronson, K. J. (Kristan J.), Auer, P. L. (Paul L.), Auvinen, P. (Paivi), Barrdahl, M. (Myrto), Freeman, L. E. (Laura E. Beane), Beckmann, M. W. (Matthias W.), Behrens, S. (Sabine), Benitez, J. (Javier), Bermisheva, M. (Marina), Bernstein, L. (Leslie), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Bogdanova, N. V. (Natalia, V), Bojesen, S. E. (Stig E.), Bonanni, B. (Bernardo), Borresen-Dale, A.-L. (Anne-Lise), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Bremer, M. (Michael), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brentnall, A. (Adam), Brock, I. W. (Ian W.), Brooks-Wilson, A. (Angela), Brucker, S. Y. (Sara Y.), Bruening, T. (Thomas), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Campa, D. (Daniele), Carter, B. D. (Brian D.), Castelao, J. E. (Jose E.), Chanock, S. J. (Stephen J.), Chlebowski, R. (Rowan), Christiansen, H. (Hans), Clarke, C. L. (Christine L.), Collee, J. M. (J. Margriet), Cordina-Duverger, E. (Emilie), Cornelissen, S. (Sten), Couch, F. J. (Fergus J.), Cox, A. (Angela), Cross, S. S. (Simon S.), Czene, K. (Kamila), Daly, M. B. (Mary B.), Devilee, P. (Peter), Doerk, T. (Thilo), dos-Santos-Silva, I. (Isabel), Dumont, M. (Martine), Durcan, L. (Lorraine), Dwek, M. (Miriam), Eccles, D. M. (Diana M.), Ekici, A. B. (Arif B.), Eliassen, A. H. (A. Heather), Ellberg, C. (Carolina), Engel, C. (Christoph), Eriksson, M. (Mikael), Evans, D. G. (D. Gareth), Fasching, P. A. (Peter A.), Figueroa, J. (Jonine), Fletcher, O. (Olivia), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Foersti, A. (Asta), Fritschi, L. (Lin), Gabrielson, M. (Marike), Gago-Dominguez, M. (Manuela), Gapstur, S. M. (Susan M.), Garcia-Saenz, J. A. (Jose A.), Gaudet, M. M. (Mia M.), Georgoulias, V. (Vassilios), Giles, G. G. (Graham G.), Gilyazova, I. R. (Irina R.), Glendon, G. (Gord), Goldberg, M. S. (Mark S.), Goldgar, D. E. (David E.), Gonzalez-Neira, A. (Anna), Alnaes, G. I. (Grethe I. Grenaker), Grip, M. (Mervi), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Grundy, A. (Anne), Guenel, P. (Pascal), Haeberle, L. (Lothar), Hahnen, E. (Eric), Haiman, C. A. (Christopher A.), Hakansson, N. (Niclas), Hamann, U. (Ute), Hankinson, S. E. (Susan E.), Harkness, E. F. (Elaine F.), Hart, S. N. (Steven N.), He, W. (Wei), Hein, A. (Alexander), Heyworth, J. (Jane), Hillemanns, P. (Peter), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Hooning, M. J. (Maartje J.), Hoover, R. N. (Robert N.), Hopper, J. L. (John L.), Howell, A. (Anthony), Huang, G. (Guanmengqian), Humphreys, K. (Keith), Hunter, D. J. (David J.), Jakimovska, M. (Milena), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Janni, W. (Wolfgang), John, E. M. (Esther M.), Johnson, N. (Nichola), Jones, M. E. (Michael E.), Jukkola-Vuorinen, A. (Arja), Jung, A. (Audrey), Kaaks, R. (Rudolf), Kaczmarek, K. (Katarzyna), Kataja, V. (Vesa), Keeman, R. (Renske), Kerin, M. J. (Michael J.), Khusnutdinova, E. (Elza), Kiiski, J. I. (Johanna, I), Knight, J. A. (Julia A.), Ko, Y.-D. (Yon-Dschun), Kosma, V.-M. (Veli-Matti), Koutros, S. (Stella), Kristensen, V. N. (Vessela N.), Kruger, U. (Ute), Kuehl, T. (Tabea), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Lee, E. (Eunjung), Lejbkowicz, F. (Flavio), Lilyquist, J. (Jenna), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Lindstrom, S. (Sara), Lissowska, J. (Jolanta), Lo, W.-Y. (Wing-Yee), Loibl, S. (Sibylle), Long, J. (Jirong), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Lux, M. P. (Michael P.), MacInnis, R. J. (Robert J.), Maishman, T. (Tom), Makalic, E. (Enes), Kostovska, I. M. (Ivana Maleva), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Margolin, S. (Sara), Martens, J. W. (John W. M.), Martinez, M. E. (Maria Elena), Mavroudis, D. (Dimitrios), McLean, C. (Catriona), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Menon, U. (Usha), Middha, P. (Pooja), Miller, N. (Nicola), Moreno, F. (Fernando), Mulligan, A. M. (Anna Marie), Mulot, C. (Claire), Munoz-Garzon, V. M. (Victor M.), Neuhausen, S. L. (Susan L.), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Neven, P. (Patrick), Newman, W. G. (William G.), Nielsen, S. F. (Sune F.), Nordestgaard, B. G. (Borge G.), Norman, A. (Aaron), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Olson, J. E. (Janet E.), Olsson, H. (Hakan), Orr, N. (Nick), Pankratz, V. S. (V. Shane), Park-Simon, T.-W. (Tjoung-Won), Perez, J. I. (Jose I. A.), Perez-Barrios, C. (Clara), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Peto, J. (Julian), Pinchev, M. (Mila), Plaseska-Karanfilska, D. (Dijana), Polley, E. C. (Eric C.), Prentice, R. (Ross), Presneau, N. (Nadege), Prokofyeva, D. (Darya), Purrington, K. (Kristen), Pylkäs, K. (Katri), Rack, B. (Brigitte), Radice, P. (Paolo), Rau-Murthy, R. (Rohini), Rennert, G. (Gad), Rennert, H. S. (Hedy S.), Rhenius, V. (Valerie), Robson, M. (Mark), Romero, A. (Atocha), Ruddy, K. J. (Kathryn J.), Ruebner, M. (Matthias), Saloustros, E. (Emmanouil), Sandler, D. P. (Dale P.), Sawyer, E. J. (Elinor J.), Schmidt, D. F. (Daniel F.), Schmutzler, R. K. (Rita K.), Schneeweiss, A. (Andreas), Schoemaker, M. J. (Minouk J.), Schumacher, F. (Fredrick), Schuermann, P. (Peter), Schwentner, L. (Lukas), Scott, C. (Christopher), Scott, R. J. (Rodney J.), Seynaeve, C. (Caroline), Shah, M. (Mitul), Sherman, M. E. (Mark E.), Shrubsole, M. J. (Martha J.), Shu, X.-O. (Xiao-Ou), Slager, S. (Susan), Smeets, A. (Ann), Sohn, C. (Christof), Soucy, P. (Penny), Southey, M. C. (Melissa C.), Spinelli, J. J. (John J.), Stegmaier, C. (Christa), Stone, J. (Jennifer), Swerdlow, A. J. (Anthony J.), Tamimi, R. M. (Rulla M.), Tapper, W. J. (William J.), Taylor, J. A. (Jack A.), Terry, M. B. (Mary Beth), Thoene, K. (Kathrin), Tollenaar, R. A. (Rob A. E. M.), Tomlinson, I. (Ian), Truong, T. (Therese), Tzardi, M. (Maria), Ulmer, H.-U. (Hans-Ulrich), Untch, M. (Michael), Vachon, C. M. (Celine M.), van Veen, E. M. (Elke M.), Vijai, J. (Joseph), Weinberg, C. R. (Clarice R.), Wendt, C. (Camilla), Whittemore, A. S. (Alice S.), Wildiers, H. (Hans), Willett, W. (Walter), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Wolk, A. (Alicja), Yang, X. R. (Xiaohong R.), Yannoukakos, D. (Drakoulis), Zhang, Y. (Yan), Zheng, W. (Wei), Ziogas, A. (Argyrios), Clarke, C. (Christine), Balleine, R. (Rosemary), Baxter, R. (Robert), Braye, S. (Stephen), Carpenter, J. (Jane), Dahlstrom, J. (Jane), Forbes, J. (John), Lee, C. S. (C. Soon), Marsh, D. (Deborah), Morey, A. (Adrienne), Pathmanathan, N. (Nirmala), Scott, R. (Rodney), Simpson, P. (Peter), Spigelman, A. (Allan), Wilcken, N. (Nicholas), Yip, D. (Desmond), Zeps, N. (Nikolajs), Sexton, A. (Adrienne), Dobrovic, A. (Alex), Christian, A. (Alice), Trainer, A. (Alison), Fellows, A. (Andrew), Shelling, A. (Andrew), De Fazio, A. (Anna), Blackburn, A. (Anneke), Crook, A. (Ashley), Meiser, B. (Bettina), Patterson, B. (Briony), Clarke, C. (Christobel), Saunders, C. (Christobel), Hunt, C. (Clare), Scott, C. (Clare), Amor, D. (David), Ortega, D. G. (David Gallego), Marsh, D. (Deb), Edkins, E. (Edward), Salisbury, E. (Elizabeth), Haan, E. (Eric), Macrea, F. (Finlay), Farshid, G. (Gelareh), Lindeman, G. (Geoff), Trench, G. (Georgia), Mann, G. (Graham), Giles, G. (Graham), Gill, G. (Grantley), Thorne, H. (Heather), Campbell, I. (Ian), Hickie, I. (Ian), Caldon, L. (Liz), Winship, I. (Ingrid), Cui, J. (James), Flanagan, J. (James), Kollias, J. (James), Visvader, J. (Jane), Taylor, J. (Jessica), Burke, J. (Jo), Saunus, J. (Jodi), Forbs, J. (John), Hopper, J. (John), Beesley, J. (Jonathan), Kirk, J. (Judy), French, J. (Juliet), Tucker, K. (Kathy), Wu, K. (Kathy), Phillips, K. (Kelly), Forrest, L. (Laura), Lipton, L. (Lara), Andrews, L. (Leslie), Lobb, L. (Lizz), Walker, L. (Logan), Kentwell, M. (Maira), Spurdle, M. (Mandy), Cummings, M. (Margaret), Gleeson, M. (Margaret), Harris, M. (Marion), Jenkins, M. (Mark), Young, M. A. (Mary Anne), Delatycki, M. (Martin), Wallis, M. (Mathew), Burgess, M. (Matthew), Brown, M. (Melissa), Southey, M. (Melissa), Bogwitz, M. (Michael), Field, M. (Michael), Friedlander, M. (Michael), Gattas, M. (Michael), Saleh, M. (Mona), Aghmesheh, M. (Morteza), Hayward, N. (Nick), Pachter, N. (Nick), Cohen, P. (Paul), Duijf, P. (Pascal), James, P. (Paul), Simpson, P. (Pete), Fong, P. (Peter), Butow, P. (Phyllis), Williams, R. (Rachael), Kefford, R. (Rick), Simard, J. (Jacques), Balleine, R.-M. (Rose-Mary), Dawson, S.-J. (Sarah-Jane), Lok, S. (Sheau), O'connell, S. (Shona), Greening, S. (Sian), Nightingale, S. (Sophie), Edwards, S. (Stacey), Fox, S. (Stephen), McLachlan, S.-A. (Sue-Anne), Lakhani, S. (Sunil), Dudding, T. (Tracy), Antill, Y. (Yoland), Sahlberg, K. K. (Kristine K.), Ottestad, L. (Lars), Karesen, R. (Rolf), Schlichting, E. (Ellen), Holmen, M. M. (Marit Muri), Sauer, T. (Toril), Haakensen, V. (Vilde), Engebraten, O. (Olav), Naume, B. (Bjorn), Fossa, A. (Alexander), Kiserud, C. E. (Cecile E.), Reinertsen, K. V. (Kristin, V), Helland, A. (Aslaug), Riis, M. (Margit), Geisler, J. (Juergen), Dunning, A. M. (Alison M.), Thompson, D. J. (Deborah J.), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Schmidt, M. K. (Marjanka K.), Hall, P. (Per), Milne, R. L. (Roger L.), Pharoah, P. D. (Paul D. P.), Antoniou, A. C. (Antonis C.), Chatterjee, N. (Nilanjan), Kraft, P. (Peter), Garcia-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Easton, D. F. (Douglas F.), Mavaddat, N. (Nasim), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Dennis, J. (Joe), Lush, M. (Michael), Fachal, L. (Laura), Lee, A. (Andrew), Tyrer, J. P. (Jonathan P.), Chen, T.-H. (Ting-Huei), Wang, Q. (Qin), Bolla, M. K. (Manjeet K.), Yang, X. (Xin), Adank, M. A. (Muriel A.), Ahearn, T. (Thomas), Aittomaki, K. (Kristiina), Allen, J. (Jamie), Andrulis, I. L. (Irene L.), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Antonenkova, N. N. (Natalia N.), Arndt, V. (Volker), Aronson, K. J. (Kristan J.), Auer, P. L. (Paul L.), Auvinen, P. (Paivi), Barrdahl, M. (Myrto), Freeman, L. E. (Laura E. Beane), Beckmann, M. W. (Matthias W.), Behrens, S. (Sabine), Benitez, J. (Javier), Bermisheva, M. (Marina), Bernstein, L. (Leslie), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Bogdanova, N. V. (Natalia, V), Bojesen, S. E. (Stig E.), Bonanni, B. (Bernardo), Borresen-Dale, A.-L. (Anne-Lise), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Bremer, M. (Michael), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brentnall, A. (Adam), Brock, I. W. (Ian W.), Brooks-Wilson, A. (Angela), Brucker, S. Y. (Sara Y.), Bruening, T. (Thomas), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Campa, D. (Daniele), Carter, B. D. (Brian D.), Castelao, J. E. (Jose E.), Chanock, S. J. (Stephen J.), Chlebowski, R. (Rowan), Christiansen, H. (Hans), Clarke, C. L. (Christine L.), Collee, J. M. (J. Margriet), Cordina-Duverger, E. (Emilie), Cornelissen, S. (Sten), Couch, F. J. (Fergus J.), Cox, A. (Angela), Cross, S. S. (Simon S.), Czene, K. (Kamila), Daly, M. B. (Mary B.), Devilee, P. (Peter), Doerk, T. (Thilo), dos-Santos-Silva, I. (Isabel), Dumont, M. (Martine), Durcan, L. (Lorraine), Dwek, M. (Miriam), Eccles, D. M. (Diana M.), Ekici, A. B. (Arif B.), Eliassen, A. H. (A. Heather), Ellberg, C. (Carolina), Engel, C. (Christoph), Eriksson, M. (Mikael), Evans, D. G. (D. Gareth), Fasching, P. A. (Peter A.), Figueroa, J. (Jonine), Fletcher, O. (Olivia), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Foersti, A. (Asta), Fritschi, L. (Lin), Gabrielson, M. (Marike), Gago-Dominguez, M. (Manuela), Gapstur, S. M. (Susan M.), Garcia-Saenz, J. A. (Jose A.), Gaudet, M. M. (Mia M.), Georgoulias, V. (Vassilios), Giles, G. G. (Graham G.), Gilyazova, I. R. (Irina R.), Glendon, G. (Gord), Goldberg, M. S. (Mark S.), Goldgar, D. E. (David E.), Gonzalez-Neira, A. (Anna), Alnaes, G. I. (Grethe I. Grenaker), Grip, M. (Mervi), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Grundy, A. (Anne), Guenel, P. (Pascal), Haeberle, L. (Lothar), Hahnen, E. (Eric), Haiman, C. A. (Christopher A.), Hakansson, N. (Niclas), Hamann, U. (Ute), Hankinson, S. E. (Susan E.), Harkness, E. F. (Elaine F.), Hart, S. N. (Steven N.), He, W. (Wei), Hein, A. (Alexander), Heyworth, J. (Jane), Hillemanns, P. (Peter), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Hooning, M. J. (Maartje J.), Hoover, R. N. (Robert N.), Hopper, J. L. (John L.), Howell, A. (Anthony), Huang, G. (Guanmengqian), Humphreys, K. (Keith), Hunter, D. J. (David J.), Jakimovska, M. (Milena), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Janni, W. (Wolfgang), John, E. M. (Esther M.), Johnson, N. (Nichola), Jones, M. E. (Michael E.), Jukkola-Vuorinen, A. (Arja), Jung, A. (Audrey), Kaaks, R. (Rudolf), Kaczmarek, K. (Katarzyna), Kataja, V. (Vesa), Keeman, R. (Renske), Kerin, M. J. (Michael J.), Khusnutdinova, E. (Elza), Kiiski, J. I. (Johanna, I), Knight, J. A. (Julia A.), Ko, Y.-D. (Yon-Dschun), Kosma, V.-M. (Veli-Matti), Koutros, S. (Stella), Kristensen, V. N. (Vessela N.), Kruger, U. (Ute), Kuehl, T. (Tabea), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Lee, E. (Eunjung), Lejbkowicz, F. (Flavio), Lilyquist, J. (Jenna), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Lindstrom, S. (Sara), Lissowska, J. (Jolanta), Lo, W.-Y. (Wing-Yee), Loibl, S. (Sibylle), Long, J. (Jirong), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Lux, M. P. (Michael P.), MacInnis, R. J. (Robert J.), Maishman, T. (Tom), Makalic, E. (Enes), Kostovska, I. M. (Ivana Maleva), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Margolin, S. (Sara), Martens, J. W. (John W. M.), Martinez, M. E. (Maria Elena), Mavroudis, D. (Dimitrios), McLean, C. (Catriona), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Menon, U. (Usha), Middha, P. (Pooja), Miller, N. (Nicola), Moreno, F. (Fernando), Mulligan, A. M. (Anna Marie), Mulot, C. (Claire), Munoz-Garzon, V. M. (Victor M.), Neuhausen, S. L. (Susan L.), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Neven, P. (Patrick), Newman, W. G. (William G.), Nielsen, S. F. (Sune F.), Nordestgaard, B. G. (Borge G.), Norman, A. (Aaron), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Olson, J. E. (Janet E.), Olsson, H. (Hakan), Orr, N. (Nick), Pankratz, V. S. (V. Shane), Park-Simon, T.-W. (Tjoung-Won), Perez, J. I. (Jose I. A.), Perez-Barrios, C. (Clara), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Peto, J. (Julian), Pinchev, M. (Mila), Plaseska-Karanfilska, D. (Dijana), Polley, E. C. (Eric C.), Prentice, R. (Ross), Presneau, N. (Nadege), Prokofyeva, D. (Darya), Purrington, K. (Kristen), Pylkäs, K. (Katri), Rack, B. (Brigitte), Radice, P. (Paolo), Rau-Murthy, R. (Rohini), Rennert, G. (Gad), Rennert, H. S. (Hedy S.), Rhenius, V. (Valerie), Robson, M. (Mark), Romero, A. (Atocha), Ruddy, K. J. (Kathryn J.), Ruebner, M. (Matthias), Saloustros, E. (Emmanouil), Sandler, D. P. (Dale P.), Sawyer, E. J. (Elinor J.), Schmidt, D. F. (Daniel F.), Schmutzler, R. K. (Rita K.), Schneeweiss, A. (Andreas), Schoemaker, M. J. (Minouk J.), Schumacher, F. (Fredrick), Schuermann, P. (Peter), Schwentner, L. (Lukas), Scott, C. (Christopher), Scott, R. J. (Rodney J.), Seynaeve, C. (Caroline), Shah, M. (Mitul), Sherman, M. E. (Mark E.), Shrubsole, M. J. (Martha J.), Shu, X.-O. (Xiao-Ou), Slager, S. (Susan), Smeets, A. (Ann), Sohn, C. (Christof), Soucy, P. (Penny), Southey, M. C. (Melissa C.), Spinelli, J. J. (John J.), Stegmaier, C. (Christa), Stone, J. (Jennifer), Swerdlow, A. J. (Anthony J.), Tamimi, R. M. (Rulla M.), Tapper, W. J. (William J.), Taylor, J. A. (Jack A.), Terry, M. B. (Mary Beth), Thoene, K. (Kathrin), Tollenaar, R. A. (Rob A. E. M.), Tomlinson, I. (Ian), Truong, T. (Therese), Tzardi, M. (Maria), Ulmer, H.-U. (Hans-Ulrich), Untch, M. (Michael), Vachon, C. M. (Celine M.), van Veen, E. M. (Elke M.), Vijai, J. (Joseph), Weinberg, C. R. (Clarice R.), Wendt, C. (Camilla), Whittemore, A. S. (Alice S.), Wildiers, H. (Hans), Willett, W. (Walter), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Wolk, A. (Alicja), Yang, X. R. (Xiaohong R.), Yannoukakos, D. (Drakoulis), Zhang, Y. (Yan), Zheng, W. (Wei), Ziogas, A. (Argyrios), Clarke, C. (Christine), Balleine, R. (Rosemary), Baxter, R. (Robert), Braye, S. (Stephen), Carpenter, J. (Jane), Dahlstrom, J. (Jane), Forbes, J. (John), Lee, C. S. (C. Soon), Marsh, D. (Deborah), Morey, A. (Adrienne), Pathmanathan, N. (Nirmala), Scott, R. (Rodney), Simpson, P. (Peter), Spigelman, A. (Allan), Wilcken, N. (Nicholas), Yip, D. (Desmond), Zeps, N. (Nikolajs), Sexton, A. (Adrienne), Dobrovic, A. (Alex), Christian, A. (Alice), Trainer, A. (Alison), Fellows, A. (Andrew), Shelling, A. (Andrew), De Fazio, A. (Anna), Blackburn, A. (Anneke), Crook, A. (Ashley), Meiser, B. (Bettina), Patterson, B. (Briony), Clarke, C. (Christobel), Saunders, C. (Christobel), Hunt, C. (Clare), Scott, C. (Clare), Amor, D. (David), Ortega, D. G. (David Gallego), Marsh, D. (Deb), Edkins, E. (Edward), Salisbury, E. (Elizabeth), Haan, E. (Eric), Macrea, F. (Finlay), Farshid, G. (Gelareh), Lindeman, G. (Geoff), Trench, G. (Georgia), Mann, G. (Graham), Giles, G. (Graham), Gill, G. (Grantley), Thorne, H. (Heather), Campbell, I. (Ian), Hickie, I. (Ian), Caldon, L. (Liz), Winship, I. (Ingrid), Cui, J. (James), Flanagan, J. (James), Kollias, J. (James), Visvader, J. (Jane), Taylor, J. (Jessica), Burke, J. (Jo), Saunus, J. (Jodi), Forbs, J. (John), Hopper, J. (John), Beesley, J. (Jonathan), Kirk, J. (Judy), French, J. (Juliet), Tucker, K. (Kathy), Wu, K. (Kathy), Phillips, K. (Kelly), Forrest, L. (Laura), Lipton, L. (Lara), Andrews, L. (Leslie), Lobb, L. (Lizz), Walker, L. (Logan), Kentwell, M. (Maira), Spurdle, M. (Mandy), Cummings, M. (Margaret), Gleeson, M. (Margaret), Harris, M. (Marion), Jenkins, M. (Mark), Young, M. A. (Mary Anne), Delatycki, M. (Martin), Wallis, M. (Mathew), Burgess, M. (Matthew), Brown, M. (Melissa), Southey, M. (Melissa), Bogwitz, M. (Michael), Field, M. (Michael), Friedlander, M. (Michael), Gattas, M. (Michael), Saleh, M. (Mona), Aghmesheh, M. (Morteza), Hayward, N. (Nick), Pachter, N. (Nick), Cohen, P. (Paul), Duijf, P. (Pascal), James, P. (Paul), Simpson, P. (Pete), Fong, P. (Peter), Butow, P. (Phyllis), Williams, R. (Rachael), Kefford, R. (Rick), Simard, J. (Jacques), Balleine, R.-M. (Rose-Mary), Dawson, S.-J. (Sarah-Jane), Lok, S. (Sheau), O'connell, S. (Shona), Greening, S. (Sian), Nightingale, S. (Sophie), Edwards, S. (Stacey), Fox, S. (Stephen), McLachlan, S.-A. (Sue-Anne), Lakhani, S. (Sunil), Dudding, T. (Tracy), Antill, Y. (Yoland), Sahlberg, K. K. (Kristine K.), Ottestad, L. (Lars), Karesen, R. (Rolf), Schlichting, E. (Ellen), Holmen, M. M. (Marit Muri), Sauer, T. (Toril), Haakensen, V. (Vilde), Engebraten, O. (Olav), Naume, B. (Bjorn), Fossa, A. (Alexander), Kiserud, C. E. (Cecile E.), Reinertsen, K. V. (Kristin, V), Helland, A. (Aslaug), Riis, M. (Margit), Geisler, J. (Juergen), Dunning, A. M. (Alison M.), Thompson, D. J. (Deborah J.), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Schmidt, M. K. (Marjanka K.), Hall, P. (Per), Milne, R. L. (Roger L.), Pharoah, P. D. (Paul D. P.), Antoniou, A. C. (Antonis C.), Chatterjee, N. (Nilanjan), Kraft, P. (Peter), Garcia-Closas, M. (Montserrat), and Easton, D. F. (Douglas F.)
Abstract: Stratification of women according to their risk of breast cancer based on polygenic risk scores (PRSs) could improve screening and prevention strategies. Our aim was to develop PRSs, optimized for prediction of estrogen receptor (ER)-specific disease, from the largest available genome-wide association dataset and to empirically validate the PRSs in prospective studies. The development dataset comprised 94,075 case subjects and 75,017 control subjects of European ancestry from 69 studies, divided into training and validation sets. Samples were genotyped using genome-wide arrays, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected by stepwise regression or lasso penalized regression. The best performing PRSs were validated in an independent test set comprising 11,428 case subjects and 18,323 control subjects from 10 prospective studies and 190,040 women from UK Biobank (3,215 incident breast cancers). For the best PRSs (313 SNPs), the odds ratio for overall disease per 1 standard deviation in ten prospective studies was 1.61 (95%CI: 1.57–1.65) with area under receiver-operator curve (AUC) = 0.630 (95%CI: 0.628–0.651). The lifetime risk of overall breast cancer in the top centile of the PRSs was 32.6%. Compared with women in the middle quintile, those in the highest 1% of risk had 4.37- and 2.78-fold risks, and those in the lowest 1% of risk had 0.16- and 0.27-fold risks, of developing ER-positive and ER-negative disease, respectively. Goodness-of-fit tests indicated that this PRS was well calibrated and predicts disease risk accurately in the tails of the distribution. This PRS is a powerful and reliable predictor of breast cancer risk that may improve breast cancer prevention programs.
Published: 2019

31. Publisher Correction: Shared heritability and functional enrichment across six solid cancers (Nature Communications, (2019), 10, 1, (431), 10.1038/s41467-018-08054-4)

Author: Jiang, X., Finucane, H. K., Schumacher, F. R., Schmit, S. L., Tyrer, J. P., Han, Y., Michailidou, K., Lesseur, C., Kuchenbaecker, K. B., Dennis, J., Conti, D. V., Casey, G., Gaudet, M. M., Huyghe, J. R., Albanes, D., Aldrich, M. C., Andrew, A. S., Andrulis, I. L., Anton-Culver, H., Antoniou, A. C., Antonenkova, N. N., Arnold, S. M., Aronson, K. J., Arun, B. K., Bandera, E. V., Barkardottir, R. B., Barnes, D. R., Batra, J., Beckmann, M. W., Benitez, J., Benlloch, S., Berchuck, A., Berndt, S. I., Bickeboller, H., Bien, S. A., Blomqvist, C., Boccia, S., Bogdanova, N. V., Bojesen, S. E., Bolla, M. K., Brauch, H., Brenner, H., Brenton, J. D., Brook, M. N., Brunet, J., Brunnstrom, H., Buchanan, D. D., Burwinkel, B., Butzow, R., Cadoni, G., Caldes, T., Caligo, M. A., Campbell, I., Campbell, P. T., Cancel-Tassin, G., Cannon-Albright, L., Campa, D., Caporaso, N., Carvalho, A. L., Chan, A. T., Chang-Claude, J., Chanock, S. J., Chen, Chen, Christiani, D. C., Claes, K. B. M., Claessens, F., Clements, J., Collee, J. M., Correa, M. C., Couch, F. J., Cox, A., Cunningham, J. M., Cybulski, C., Czene, K., Daly, M. B., deFazio, A., Devilee, P., Diez, O., Gago-Dominguez, M., Donovan, J. L., Dork, T., Duell, E. J., Dunning, A. M., Dwek, M., Eccles, D. M., Edlund, C. K., Edwards, D. R. V., Ellberg, C., Evans, D. G., Fasching, P. A., Ferris, R. L., Liloglou, T., Figueiredo, J. C., Fletcher, O., Fortner, R. T., Fostira, F., Franceschi, S., Friedman, E., Gallinger, S. J., Ganz, P. A., Garber, J., Garcia-Saenz, J. A., Gayther, S. A., Giles, G. G., Godwin, A. K., Goldberg, M. S., Goldgar, D. E., Goode, E. L., Goodman, M. T., Goodman, G., Grankvist, K., Greene, M. H., Gronberg, H., Gronwald, J., Guenel, P., Hakansson, N., Hall, P., Hamann, U., Hamdy, F. C., Hamilton, R. J., Hampe, J., Haugen, A., Heitz, F., Herrero, R., Hillemanns, P., Hoffmeister, M., Hogdall, E., Hong, Y. -C., Hopper, J. L., Houlston, R., Hulick, P. J., Hunter, D. J., Huntsman, D. G., Idos, G., Imyanitov, E. N., Ingles, S. A., Isaacs, C., Jakubowska, A., James, P., Jenkins, M. A., Johansson, M., John, E. M., Joshi, A. D., Kaneva, R., Karlan, B. Y., Kelemen, L. E., Kuhl, T., Khaw, K. -T., Khusnutdinova, E., Kibel, A. S., Kiemeney, L. A., Kim, J., Kjaer, S. K., Knight, J. A., Kogevinas, M., Kote-Jarai, Z., Koutros, S., Kristensen, V. N., Kupryjanczyk, J., Lacko, M., Lam, S., Lambrechts, D., Landi, M. T., Lazarus, P., Le, N. D., Lee, E., Lejbkowicz, F., Lenz, H. -J., Leslie, G., Lessel, D., Lester, J., Levine, D. A., Li, L., Li, C. I., Lindblom, A., Lindor, N. M., Liu, G., Loupakis, F., Lubinski, J., Maehle, L., Maier, C., Mannermaa, A., Marchand, L. L., Margolin, S., May, T., McGuffog, L., Meindl, A., Middha, P., Miller, A., Milne, R. L., MacInnis, R. J., Modugno, F., Montagna, M., Moreno, V., Moysich, K. B., Mucci, L., Muir, K., Mulligan, A. M., Nathanson, K. L., Neal, D. E., Ness, A. R., Neuhausen, S. L., Nevanlinna, H., Newcomb, P. A., Newcomb, L. F., Nielsen, F. C., Nikitina-Zake, L., Nordestgaard, B. G., Nussbaum, R. L., Offit, K., Olah, E., Olama, A. A. A., Olopade, O. I., Olshan, A. F., Olsson, H., Osorio, A., Pandha, H., Park, J. Y., Pashayan, N., Parsons, M. T., Pejovic, T., Penney, K. L., Peters, W. H. M., Phelan, C. M., Phipps, A. I., Plaseska-Karanfilska, D., Pring, M., Prokofyeva, D., Radice, P., Stefansson, K., Ramus, S. J., Raskin, L., Rennert, G., Rennert, H. S., van Rensburg, E. J., Riggan, M. J., Risch, H. A., Risch, A., Roobol, M. J., Rosenstein, B. S., Rossing, M. A., De Ruyck, K., Saloustros, E., Sandler, D. P., Sawyer, E. J., Schabath, M. B., Schleutker, J., Schmidt, M. K., Setiawan, V. W., Shen, H., Siegel, E. M., Sieh, W., Singer, C. F., Slattery, M. L., Sorensen, K. D., Southey, M. C., Spurdle, A. B., Stanford, J. L., Stevens, V. L., Stintzing, S., Stone, J., Sundfeldt, K., Sutphen, R., Swerdlow, A. J., Tajara, E. H., Tangen, C. M., Tardon, A., Taylor, J. A., Teare, M. D., Teixeira, M. R., Terry, M. B., Terry, K. L., Thibodeau, S. N., Thomassen, M., Bjorge, L., Tischkowitz, M., Toland, A. E., Torres, D., Townsend, P. A., Travis, R. C., Tung, N., Tworoger, S. S., Ulrich, C. M., Usmani, N., Vachon, C. M., Van Nieuwenhuysen, E., Vega, A., Aguado-Barrera, M. E., Wang, Q., Webb, P. M., Weinberg, C. R., Weinstein, S., Weissler, M. C., Weitzel, J. N., West, C. M. L., White, E., Whittemore, A. S., Wichmann, H. -E., Wiklund, F., Winqvist, R., Wolk, A., Woll, P., Woods, M., Wu, A. H., Wu, X., Yannoukakos, D., Zheng, W., Zienolddiny, S., Ziogas, A., Zorn, K. K., Lane, J. M., Saxena, R., Thomas, D., Hung, R. J., Diergaarde, B., McKay, J., Peters, U., Hsu, L., Garcia-Closas, M., Eeles, R. A., Chenevix-Trench, G., Brennan, P. J., Haiman, C. A., Simard, J., Easton, D. F., Gruber, S. B., Pharoah, P. D. P., Price, A. L., Pasaniuc, B., Amos, C. I., Kraft, P., Lindstrom, S., Boccia S. (ORCID:0000-0002-1864-749X), Cadoni G. (ORCID:0000-0001-8244-784X), Chen C., Liu G., Wang Q., Jiang, X., Finucane, H. K., Schumacher, F. R., Schmit, S. L., Tyrer, J. P., Han, Y., Michailidou, K., Lesseur, C., Kuchenbaecker, K. B., Dennis, J., Conti, D. V., Casey, G., Gaudet, M. M., Huyghe, J. R., Albanes, D., Aldrich, M. C., Andrew, A. S., Andrulis, I. L., Anton-Culver, H., Antoniou, A. C., Antonenkova, N. N., Arnold, S. M., Aronson, K. J., Arun, B. K., Bandera, E. V., Barkardottir, R. B., Barnes, D. R., Batra, J., Beckmann, M. W., Benitez, J., Benlloch, S., Berchuck, A., Berndt, S. I., Bickeboller, H., Bien, S. A., Blomqvist, C., Boccia, S., Bogdanova, N. V., Bojesen, S. E., Bolla, M. K., Brauch, H., Brenner, H., Brenton, J. D., Brook, M. N., Brunet, J., Brunnstrom, H., Buchanan, D. D., Burwinkel, B., Butzow, R., Cadoni, G., Caldes, T., Caligo, M. A., Campbell, I., Campbell, P. T., Cancel-Tassin, G., Cannon-Albright, L., Campa, D., Caporaso, N., Carvalho, A. L., Chan, A. T., Chang-Claude, J., Chanock, S. J., Chen, Chen, Christiani, D. C., Claes, K. B. M., Claessens, F., Clements, J., Collee, J. M., Correa, M. C., Couch, F. J., Cox, A., Cunningham, J. M., Cybulski, C., Czene, K., Daly, M. B., deFazio, A., Devilee, P., Diez, O., Gago-Dominguez, M., Donovan, J. L., Dork, T., Duell, E. J., Dunning, A. M., Dwek, M., Eccles, D. M., Edlund, C. K., Edwards, D. R. V., Ellberg, C., Evans, D. G., Fasching, P. A., Ferris, R. L., Liloglou, T., Figueiredo, J. C., Fletcher, O., Fortner, R. T., Fostira, F., Franceschi, S., Friedman, E., Gallinger, S. J., Ganz, P. A., Garber, J., Garcia-Saenz, J. A., Gayther, S. A., Giles, G. G., Godwin, A. K., Goldberg, M. S., Goldgar, D. E., Goode, E. L., Goodman, M. T., Goodman, G., Grankvist, K., Greene, M. H., Gronberg, H., Gronwald, J., Guenel, P., Hakansson, N., Hall, P., Hamann, U., Hamdy, F. C., Hamilton, R. J., Hampe, J., Haugen, A., Heitz, F., Herrero, R., Hillemanns, P., Hoffmeister, M., Hogdall, E., Hong, Y. -C., Hopper, J. L., Houlston, R., Hulick, P. J., Hunter, D. J., Huntsman, D. G., Idos, G., Imyanitov, E. N., Ingles, S. A., Isaacs, C., Jakubowska, A., James, P., Jenkins, M. A., Johansson, M., John, E. M., Joshi, A. D., Kaneva, R., Karlan, B. Y., Kelemen, L. E., Kuhl, T., Khaw, K. -T., Khusnutdinova, E., Kibel, A. S., Kiemeney, L. A., Kim, J., Kjaer, S. K., Knight, J. A., Kogevinas, M., Kote-Jarai, Z., Koutros, S., Kristensen, V. N., Kupryjanczyk, J., Lacko, M., Lam, S., Lambrechts, D., Landi, M. T., Lazarus, P., Le, N. D., Lee, E., Lejbkowicz, F., Lenz, H. -J., Leslie, G., Lessel, D., Lester, J., Levine, D. A., Li, L., Li, C. I., Lindblom, A., Lindor, N. M., Liu, G., Loupakis, F., Lubinski, J., Maehle, L., Maier, C., Mannermaa, A., Marchand, L. L., Margolin, S., May, T., McGuffog, L., Meindl, A., Middha, P., Miller, A., Milne, R. L., MacInnis, R. J., Modugno, F., Montagna, M., Moreno, V., Moysich, K. B., Mucci, L., Muir, K., Mulligan, A. M., Nathanson, K. L., Neal, D. E., Ness, A. R., Neuhausen, S. L., Nevanlinna, H., Newcomb, P. A., Newcomb, L. F., Nielsen, F. C., Nikitina-Zake, L., Nordestgaard, B. G., Nussbaum, R. L., Offit, K., Olah, E., Olama, A. A. A., Olopade, O. I., Olshan, A. F., Olsson, H., Osorio, A., Pandha, H., Park, J. Y., Pashayan, N., Parsons, M. T., Pejovic, T., Penney, K. L., Peters, W. H. M., Phelan, C. M., Phipps, A. I., Plaseska-Karanfilska, D., Pring, M., Prokofyeva, D., Radice, P., Stefansson, K., Ramus, S. J., Raskin, L., Rennert, G., Rennert, H. S., van Rensburg, E. J., Riggan, M. J., Risch, H. A., Risch, A., Roobol, M. J., Rosenstein, B. S., Rossing, M. A., De Ruyck, K., Saloustros, E., Sandler, D. P., Sawyer, E. J., Schabath, M. B., Schleutker, J., Schmidt, M. K., Setiawan, V. W., Shen, H., Siegel, E. M., Sieh, W., Singer, C. F., Slattery, M. L., Sorensen, K. D., Southey, M. C., Spurdle, A. B., Stanford, J. L., Stevens, V. L., Stintzing, S., Stone, J., Sundfeldt, K., Sutphen, R., Swerdlow, A. J., Tajara, E. H., Tangen, C. M., Tardon, A., Taylor, J. A., Teare, M. D., Teixeira, M. R., Terry, M. B., Terry, K. L., Thibodeau, S. N., Thomassen, M., Bjorge, L., Tischkowitz, M., Toland, A. E., Torres, D., Townsend, P. A., Travis, R. C., Tung, N., Tworoger, S. S., Ulrich, C. M., Usmani, N., Vachon, C. M., Van Nieuwenhuysen, E., Vega, A., Aguado-Barrera, M. E., Wang, Q., Webb, P. M., Weinberg, C. R., Weinstein, S., Weissler, M. C., Weitzel, J. N., West, C. M. L., White, E., Whittemore, A. S., Wichmann, H. -E., Wiklund, F., Winqvist, R., Wolk, A., Woll, P., Woods, M., Wu, A. H., Wu, X., Yannoukakos, D., Zheng, W., Zienolddiny, S., Ziogas, A., Zorn, K. K., Lane, J. M., Saxena, R., Thomas, D., Hung, R. J., Diergaarde, B., McKay, J., Peters, U., Hsu, L., Garcia-Closas, M., Eeles, R. A., Chenevix-Trench, G., Brennan, P. J., Haiman, C. A., Simard, J., Easton, D. F., Gruber, S. B., Pharoah, P. D. P., Price, A. L., Pasaniuc, B., Amos, C. I., Kraft, P., Lindstrom, S., Boccia S. (ORCID:0000-0002-1864-749X), Cadoni G. (ORCID:0000-0001-8244-784X), Chen C., Liu G., and Wang Q.
Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Published: 2019

32. Large scale multifactorial likelihood quantitative analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants: An ENIGMA resource to support clinical variant classification

Author: Parsons, M. T., Tudini, E., Li, H., Hahnen, E., Wappenschmidt, B., Feliubadalo, L., Aalfs, C. M., Agata, S., Aittomaki, K., Alducci, E., Alonso-Cerezo, M. C., Arnold, N., Auber, B., Austin, R., Azzollini, J., Balmana, J., Barbieri, E., Bartram, C. R., Blanco, A., Blumcke, B., Bonache, S., Bonanni, B., Borg, A., Bortesi, B., Brunet, J., Bruzzone, C., Bucksch, K., Cagnoli, G., Caldes, T., Caliebe, A., Caligo, M. A., Calvello, M., Capone, G. L., Caputo, S. M., Carnevali, I., Carrasco, E., Caux-Moncoutier, V., Cavalli, P., Cini, G., Clarke, E. M., Concolino, Paola, Cops, E. J., Cortesi, L., Couch, F. J., Darder, E., de la Hoya, M., Dean, M., Debatin, I., Del Valle, J., Delnatte, C., Derive, N., Diez, O., Ditsch, N., Domchek, S. M., Dutrannoy, V., Eccles, D. M., Ehrencrona, H., Enders, U., Evans, D. G., Farra, C., Faust, U., Felbor, U., Feroce, I., Fine, M., Foulkes, W. D., Galvao, H. C. R., Gambino, G., Gehrig, A., Gensini, F., Gerdes, A. -M., Germani, A., Giesecke, J., Gismondi, V., Gomez, C., Gomez Garcia, E. B., Gonzalez, S., Grau, E., Grill, S., Gross, E., Guerrieri-Gonzaga, A., Guillaud-Bataille, M., Gutierrez-Enriquez, S., Haaf, T., Hackmann, K., Hansen, T. V. O., Harris, M., Hauke, J., Heinrich, T., Hellebrand, H., Herold, K. N., Honisch, E., Horvath, J., Houdayer, C., Hubbel, V., Iglesias, S., Izquierdo, A., James, P. A., Janssen, L. A. M., Jeschke, U., Kaulfuss, S., Keupp, K., Kiechle, M., Kolbl, A., Krieger, S., Kruse, T. A., Kvist, A., Lalloo, F., Larsen, M., Lattimore, V. L., Lautrup, C., Ledig, S., Leinert, E., Lewis, A. L., Lim, J., Loeffler, M., Lopez-Fernandez, A., Lucci Cordisco, Emanuela, Maass, N., Manoukian, S., Marabelli, M., Matricardi, L., Meindl, A., Michelli, R. D., Moghadasi, S., Moles-Fernandez, A., Montagna, M., Montalban, G., Monteiro, A. N., Montes, E., Mori, L., Moserle, L., Muller, C. R., Mundhenke, C., Naldi, N., Nathanson, K. L., Navarro, M., Nevanlinna, H., Nichols, C. B., Niederacher, D., Nielsen, H. R., Ong, K. -R., Pachter, N., Palmero, E. I., Papi, L., Pedersen, I. S., Peissel, B., Perez-Segura, P., Pfeifer, K., Pineda, M., Pohl-Rescigno, E., Poplawski, N. K., Porfirio, B., Quante, A. S., Ramser, J., Reis, R. M., Revillion, F., Rhiem, K., Riboli, B., Ritter, J., Rivera, D., Rofes, P., Rump, A., Salinas, M., Sanchez de Abajo, A. M., Schmidt, G., Schoenwiese, U., Seggewiss, J., Solanes, A., Steinemann, D., Stiller, M., Stoppa-Lyonnet, D., Sullivan, K. J., Susman, R., Sutter, C., Tavtigian, S. V., Teo, S. H., Teule, A., Thomassen, M., Tibiletti, M. G., Tischkowitz, M., Tognazzo, S., Toland, A. E., Tornero, E., Torngren, T., Torres-Esquius, S., Toss, A., Trainer, A. H., Tucker, K. M., van Asperen, C. J., van Mackelenbergh, M. T., Varesco, L., Vargas-Parra, G., Varon, R., Vega, A., Velasco, A., Vesper, A. -S., Viel, A., Vreeswijk, M. P. G., Wagner, S. A., Waha, A., Walker, L. C., Walters, R. J., Wang-Gohrke, S., Weber, B. H. F., Weichert, W., Wieland, K., Wiesmuller, L., Witzel, I., Wockel, A., Woodward, E. R., Zachariae, S., Zampiga, V., Zeder-Goss, C., Investigators, K., Lazaro, C., De Nicolo, A., Radice, P., Engel, C., Schmutzler, R. K., Goldgar, D. E., Spurdle, A. B., Concolino P., Lucci Cordisco E. (ORCID:0000-0002-6279-7604), Parsons, M. T., Tudini, E., Li, H., Hahnen, E., Wappenschmidt, B., Feliubadalo, L., Aalfs, C. M., Agata, S., Aittomaki, K., Alducci, E., Alonso-Cerezo, M. C., Arnold, N., Auber, B., Austin, R., Azzollini, J., Balmana, J., Barbieri, E., Bartram, C. R., Blanco, A., Blumcke, B., Bonache, S., Bonanni, B., Borg, A., Bortesi, B., Brunet, J., Bruzzone, C., Bucksch, K., Cagnoli, G., Caldes, T., Caliebe, A., Caligo, M. A., Calvello, M., Capone, G. L., Caputo, S. M., Carnevali, I., Carrasco, E., Caux-Moncoutier, V., Cavalli, P., Cini, G., Clarke, E. M., Concolino, Paola, Cops, E. J., Cortesi, L., Couch, F. J., Darder, E., de la Hoya, M., Dean, M., Debatin, I., Del Valle, J., Delnatte, C., Derive, N., Diez, O., Ditsch, N., Domchek, S. M., Dutrannoy, V., Eccles, D. M., Ehrencrona, H., Enders, U., Evans, D. G., Farra, C., Faust, U., Felbor, U., Feroce, I., Fine, M., Foulkes, W. D., Galvao, H. C. R., Gambino, G., Gehrig, A., Gensini, F., Gerdes, A. -M., Germani, A., Giesecke, J., Gismondi, V., Gomez, C., Gomez Garcia, E. B., Gonzalez, S., Grau, E., Grill, S., Gross, E., Guerrieri-Gonzaga, A., Guillaud-Bataille, M., Gutierrez-Enriquez, S., Haaf, T., Hackmann, K., Hansen, T. V. O., Harris, M., Hauke, J., Heinrich, T., Hellebrand, H., Herold, K. N., Honisch, E., Horvath, J., Houdayer, C., Hubbel, V., Iglesias, S., Izquierdo, A., James, P. A., Janssen, L. A. M., Jeschke, U., Kaulfuss, S., Keupp, K., Kiechle, M., Kolbl, A., Krieger, S., Kruse, T. A., Kvist, A., Lalloo, F., Larsen, M., Lattimore, V. L., Lautrup, C., Ledig, S., Leinert, E., Lewis, A. L., Lim, J., Loeffler, M., Lopez-Fernandez, A., Lucci Cordisco, Emanuela, Maass, N., Manoukian, S., Marabelli, M., Matricardi, L., Meindl, A., Michelli, R. D., Moghadasi, S., Moles-Fernandez, A., Montagna, M., Montalban, G., Monteiro, A. N., Montes, E., Mori, L., Moserle, L., Muller, C. R., Mundhenke, C., Naldi, N., Nathanson, K. L., Navarro, M., Nevanlinna, H., Nichols, C. B., Niederacher, D., Nielsen, H. R., Ong, K. -R., Pachter, N., Palmero, E. I., Papi, L., Pedersen, I. S., Peissel, B., Perez-Segura, P., Pfeifer, K., Pineda, M., Pohl-Rescigno, E., Poplawski, N. K., Porfirio, B., Quante, A. S., Ramser, J., Reis, R. M., Revillion, F., Rhiem, K., Riboli, B., Ritter, J., Rivera, D., Rofes, P., Rump, A., Salinas, M., Sanchez de Abajo, A. M., Schmidt, G., Schoenwiese, U., Seggewiss, J., Solanes, A., Steinemann, D., Stiller, M., Stoppa-Lyonnet, D., Sullivan, K. J., Susman, R., Sutter, C., Tavtigian, S. V., Teo, S. H., Teule, A., Thomassen, M., Tibiletti, M. G., Tischkowitz, M., Tognazzo, S., Toland, A. E., Tornero, E., Torngren, T., Torres-Esquius, S., Toss, A., Trainer, A. H., Tucker, K. M., van Asperen, C. J., van Mackelenbergh, M. T., Varesco, L., Vargas-Parra, G., Varon, R., Vega, A., Velasco, A., Vesper, A. -S., Viel, A., Vreeswijk, M. P. G., Wagner, S. A., Waha, A., Walker, L. C., Walters, R. J., Wang-Gohrke, S., Weber, B. H. F., Weichert, W., Wieland, K., Wiesmuller, L., Witzel, I., Wockel, A., Woodward, E. R., Zachariae, S., Zampiga, V., Zeder-Goss, C., Investigators, K., Lazaro, C., De Nicolo, A., Radice, P., Engel, C., Schmutzler, R. K., Goldgar, D. E., Spurdle, A. B., Concolino P., and Lucci Cordisco E. (ORCID:0000-0002-6279-7604)
Abstract: The multifactorial likelihood analysis method has demonstrated utility for quantitative assessment of variant pathogenicity for multiple cancer syndrome genes. Independent data types currently incorporated in the model for assessing BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants include clinically calibrated prior probability of pathogenicity based on variant location and bioinformatic prediction of variant effect, co-segregation, family cancer history profile, co-occurrence with a pathogenic variant in the same gene, breast tumor pathology, and case-control information. Research and clinical data for multifactorial likelihood analysis were collated for 1,395 BRCA1/2 predominantly intronic and missense variants, enabling classification based on posterior probability of pathogenicity for 734 variants: 447 variants were classified as (likely) benign, and 94 as (likely) pathogenic; and 248 classifications were new or considerably altered relative to ClinVar submissions. Classifications were compared with information not yet included in the likelihood model, and evidence strengths aligned to those recommended for ACMG/AMP classification codes. Altered mRNA splicing or function relative to known nonpathogenic variant controls were moderately to strongly predictive of variant pathogenicity. Variant absence in population datasets provided supporting evidence for variant pathogenicity. These findings have direct relevance for BRCA1 and BRCA2 variant evaluation, and justify the need for gene-specific calibration of evidence types used for variant classification.
Published: 2019

33. The Influence of Number and Timing of Pregnancies on Breast Cancer Risk for Women With BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutations

Author: Terry, MB, Liao, Y, Kast, K, Antoniou, AC, McDonald, JA, Mooij, TM, Engel, C, Nogues, C, Buecher, B, Mari, V, Moretta-Serra, J, Gladieff, L, Luporsi, E, Barrowdale, D, Frost, D, Henderson, A, Brewer, C, Evans, DG, Eccles, D, Cook, J, Ong, K-R, Izatt, L, Ahmed, M, Morrison, PJ, Dommering, CJ, Oosterwijk, JC, Ausems, MGEM, Kriege, M, Buys, SS, Andrulis, IL, John, EM, Daly, M, Friedlander, M, McLachlan, SA, Osorio, A, Caldes, T, Jakubowska, A, Simard, J, Singer, CF, Tan, Y, Olah, E, Navratilova, M, Foretova, L, Gerdes, A-M, Roos-Blom, M-J, Arver, B, Olsson, H, Schmutzler, RK, Hopper, JL, van Leeuwen, FE, Goldgar, D, Milne, RL, Easton, DF, Rookus, MA, Andrieu, N, Evans, G, Adlard, J, Eeles, R, Davidson, R, Tischkowitz, M, Snape, K, Walker, L, Porteous, M, Donaldson, A, Morrison, P, Eason, J, Rogers, M, Miller, C, Brady, A, Kennedy, MJ, Barwell, J, Gregory, H, Pottinger, C, Murray, A, Angelakos, M, Dite, G, Tsimiklis, H, Breysse, E, Pontois, P, Laborde, L, Stoppa-Lyonnet, D, Gauthier-Villars, M, Caron, O, Fourme-Mouret, E, Fricker, J-P, Lasset, C, Bonadona, V, Fert-Ferrer, S, Berthet, P, Venat-Bouvet, L, Gilbert-Dussardier, B, Faivre, L, Gesta, P, Sobol, H, Eisinger, F, Longy, M, Dugast, C, Coupier, I, Colas, C, Soubrier, F, Pujol, P, Corsini, C, Lortholary, A, Vennin, P, Adenis, C, Tan, DN, Penet, C, Delnatte, C, Tinat, J, Tennevet, I, Limacher, J-M, Maugard, C, Demange, L, Dreyfus, H, Cohen-Haguenauer, O, Leroux, D, Zattara-Cannoni, H, Bera, O, Hogervorst, FBL, Adank, MA, Schmidt, MK, Russell, NS, Jenner, DJ, Collee, JM, van den Ouweland, AMW, Hooning, MJ, Seynaeve, CM, van Deurzen, CHM, Obdeijn, IM, van Asperen, CJ, Devilee, P, Kets, CM, Mensenkamp, AR, Koudijs, MJ, Aalfs, CM, van Engelen, K, Gille, JJP, Gomez-Garcia, EB, Blok, MJ, van der Hout, AH, Mourits, MJ, de Bock, GH, Siesling, S, Verloop, J, van den Belt-Dusebout, AW, Terry, MB, Liao, Y, Kast, K, Antoniou, AC, McDonald, JA, Mooij, TM, Engel, C, Nogues, C, Buecher, B, Mari, V, Moretta-Serra, J, Gladieff, L, Luporsi, E, Barrowdale, D, Frost, D, Henderson, A, Brewer, C, Evans, DG, Eccles, D, Cook, J, Ong, K-R, Izatt, L, Ahmed, M, Morrison, PJ, Dommering, CJ, Oosterwijk, JC, Ausems, MGEM, Kriege, M, Buys, SS, Andrulis, IL, John, EM, Daly, M, Friedlander, M, McLachlan, SA, Osorio, A, Caldes, T, Jakubowska, A, Simard, J, Singer, CF, Tan, Y, Olah, E, Navratilova, M, Foretova, L, Gerdes, A-M, Roos-Blom, M-J, Arver, B, Olsson, H, Schmutzler, RK, Hopper, JL, van Leeuwen, FE, Goldgar, D, Milne, RL, Easton, DF, Rookus, MA, Andrieu, N, Evans, G, Adlard, J, Eeles, R, Davidson, R, Tischkowitz, M, Snape, K, Walker, L, Porteous, M, Donaldson, A, Morrison, P, Eason, J, Rogers, M, Miller, C, Brady, A, Kennedy, MJ, Barwell, J, Gregory, H, Pottinger, C, Murray, A, Angelakos, M, Dite, G, Tsimiklis, H, Breysse, E, Pontois, P, Laborde, L, Stoppa-Lyonnet, D, Gauthier-Villars, M, Caron, O, Fourme-Mouret, E, Fricker, J-P, Lasset, C, Bonadona, V, Fert-Ferrer, S, Berthet, P, Venat-Bouvet, L, Gilbert-Dussardier, B, Faivre, L, Gesta, P, Sobol, H, Eisinger, F, Longy, M, Dugast, C, Coupier, I, Colas, C, Soubrier, F, Pujol, P, Corsini, C, Lortholary, A, Vennin, P, Adenis, C, Tan, DN, Penet, C, Delnatte, C, Tinat, J, Tennevet, I, Limacher, J-M, Maugard, C, Demange, L, Dreyfus, H, Cohen-Haguenauer, O, Leroux, D, Zattara-Cannoni, H, Bera, O, Hogervorst, FBL, Adank, MA, Schmidt, MK, Russell, NS, Jenner, DJ, Collee, JM, van den Ouweland, AMW, Hooning, MJ, Seynaeve, CM, van Deurzen, CHM, Obdeijn, IM, van Asperen, CJ, Devilee, P, Kets, CM, Mensenkamp, AR, Koudijs, MJ, Aalfs, CM, van Engelen, K, Gille, JJP, Gomez-Garcia, EB, Blok, MJ, van der Hout, AH, Mourits, MJ, de Bock, GH, Siesling, S, Verloop, J, and van den Belt-Dusebout, AW
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Full-term pregnancy (FTP) is associated with a reduced breast cancer (BC) risk over time, but women are at increased BC risk in the immediate years following an FTP. No large prospective studies, however, have examined whether the number and timing of pregnancies are associated with BC risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. METHODS: Using weighted and time-varying Cox proportional hazards models, we investigated whether reproductive events are associated with BC risk for mutation carriers using a retrospective cohort (5707 BRCA1 and 3525 BRCA2 mutation carriers) and a prospective cohort (2276 BRCA1 and 1610 BRCA2 mutation carriers), separately for each cohort and the combined prospective and retrospective cohort. RESULTS: For BRCA1 mutation carriers, there was no overall association with parity compared with nulliparity (combined hazard ratio [HRc] = 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.83 to 1.18). Relative to being uniparous, an increased number of FTPs was associated with decreased BC risk (HRc = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.69 to 0.91; HRc = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.59 to 0.82; HRc = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.40 to 0.63, for 2, 3, and ≥4 FTPs, respectively, P trend < .0001) and increasing duration of breastfeeding was associated with decreased BC risk (combined cohort P trend = .0003). Relative to being nulliparous, uniparous BRCA1 mutation carriers were at increased BC risk in the prospective analysis (prospective hazard ration [HRp] = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.09 to 2.62). For BRCA2 mutation carriers, being parous was associated with a 30% increase in BC risk (HRc = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.69), and there was no apparent decrease in risk associated with multiparity except for having at least 4 FTPs vs. 1 FTP (HRc = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.54 to 0.98). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest differential associations with parity between BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers with higher risk for uniparous BRCA1 carriers and parous BRCA2 carriers.
Published: 2018

34. A transcriptome-wide association study of 229,000 women identifies new candidate susceptibility genes for breast cancer

Author: Wu, L. (Lang), Shi, W. (Wei), Long, J. (Jirong), Guo, X. (Xingyi), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Beesley, J. (Jonathan), Bolla, M. K. (Manjeet K.), Shu, X.-O. (Xiao-Ou), Lu, Y. (Yingchang), Cai, Q. (Qiuyin), Al-Ejeh, F. (Fares), Rozali, E. (Esdy), Wang, Q. (Qin), Dennis, J. (Joe), Li, B. (Bingshan), Zeng, C. (Chenjie), Feng, H. (Helian), Gusev, A. (Alexander), Barfield, R. T. (Richard T.), Andrulis, I. L. (Irene L.), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Arndt, V. (Volker), Aronson, K. J. (Kristan J.), Auer, P. L. (Paul L.), Barrdahl, M. (Myrto), Baynes, C. (Caroline), Beckmann, M. W. (Matthias W.), Benitez, J. (Javier), Bermisheva, M. (Marina), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Bogdanova, N. V. (Natalia V.), Bojesen, S. E. (Stig E.), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brinton, L. (Louise), Broberg, P. (Per), Brucker, S. Y. (Sara Y.), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Canzian, F. (Federico), Carter, B. D. (Brian D.), Castelao, J. E. (J. Esteban), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Chen, X. (Xiaoqing), Cheng, T. D. (Ting-Yuan David), Christiansen, H. (Hans), Clarke, C. L. (Christine L.), Collee, M. (Margriet), Cornelissen, S. (Sten), Couch, F. J. (Fergus J.), Cox, D. (David), Cox, A. (Angela), Cross, S. S. (Simon S.), Cunningham, J. M. (Julie M.), Czene, K. (Kamila), Daly, M. B. (Mary B.), Devilee, P. (Peter), Doheny, K. F. (Kimberly F.), Dork, T. (Thilo), dos-Santos-Silva, I. (Isabel), Dumont, M. (Martine), Dwek, M. (Miriam), Eccles, D. M. (Diana M.), Eilber, U. (Ursula), Eliassen, A. H. (A. Heather), Engel, C. (Christoph), Eriksson, M. (Mikael), Fachal, L. (Laura), Fasching, P. A. (Peter A.), Figueroa, J. (Jonine), Flesch-Janys, D. (Dieter), Fletcher, O. (Olivia), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Fritschi, L. (Lin), Gabrielson, M. (Marike), Gago-Dominguez, M. (Manuela), Gapstur, S. M. (Susan M.), Garcia-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Gaudet, M. M. (Mia M.), Ghoussaini, M. (Maya), Giles, G. G. (Graham G.), Goldberg, M. S. (Mark S.), Goldgar, D. E. (David E.), Gonzalez-Neira, A. (Anna), Guenel, P. (Pascal), Hahnen, E. (Eric), Haiman, C. A. (Christopher A.), Hakansson, N. (Niclas), Hall, P. (Per), Hallberg, E. (Emily), Hamann, U. (Ute), Harrington, P. (Patricia), Hein, A. (Alexander), Hicks, B. (Belynda), Hillemanns, P. (Peter), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Hoover, R. N. (Robert N.), Hopper, J. L. (John L.), Huang, G. (Guanmengqian), Humphreys, K. (Keith), Hunter, D. J. (David J.), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Janni, W. (Wolfgang), John, E. M. (Esther M.), Johnson, N. (Nichola), Jones, K. (Kristine), Jones, M. E. (Michael E.), Jung, A. (Audrey), Kaaks, R. (Rudolf), Kerin, M. J. (Michael J.), Khusnutdinova, E. (Elza), Kosma, V.-M. (Veli-Matti), Kristensen, V. N. (Vessela N.), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Li, J. (Jingmei), Lindstrom, S. (Sara), Lissowska, J. (Jolanta), Lo, W.-Y. (Wing-Yee), Loibl, S. (Sibylle), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Luccarini, C. (Craig), Lux, M. P. (Michael P.), MacInnis, R. J. (Robert J.), Maishman, T. (Tom), Kostovska, I. M. (Ivana Maleva), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Manson, J. E. (Joann E.), Margolin, S. (Sara), Mavroudis, D. (Dimitrios), Meijers-Heijboer, H. (Hanne), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Menon, U. (Usha), Meyer, J. (Jeffery), Mulligan, A. M. (Anna Marie), Neuhausen, S. L. (Susan L.), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Neven, P. (Patrick), Nielsen, S. F. (Sune F.), Nordestgaard, B. G. (Borge G.), Olopade, O. I. (Olufunmilayo I.), Olson, J. E. (Janet E.), Olsson, H. (Hakan), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Peto, J. (Julian), Plaseska-Karanfilska, D. (Dijana), Prentice, R. (Ross), Presneau, N. (Nadege), Pylkäs, K. (Katri), Rack, B. (Brigitte), Radice, P. (Paolo), Rahman, N. (Nazneen), Rennert, G. (Gad), Rennert, H. S. (Hedy S.), Rhenius, V. (Valerie), Romero, A. (Atocha), Romm, J. (Jane), Rudolph, A. (Anja), Saloustros, E. (Emmanouil), Sandler, D. P. (Dale P.), Sawyer, E. J. (Elinor J.), Schmidt, M. K. (Marjanka K.), Schmutzler, R. K. (Rita K.), Schneeweiss, A. (Andreas), Scott, R. J. (Rodney J.), Scott, C. G. (Christopher G.), Seal, S. (Sheila), Shah, M. (Mitul), Shrubsole, M. J. (Martha J.), Smeets, A. (Ann), Southey, M. C. (Melissa C.), Spinelli, J. J. (John J.), Stone, J. (Jennifer), Surowy, H. (Harald), Swerdlow, A. J. (Anthony J.), Tamimi, R. M. (Rulla M.), Tapper, W. (William), Taylor, J. A. (Jack A.), Terry, M. B. (Mary Beth), Tessier, D. C. (Daniel C.), Thomas, A. (Abigail), Thone, K. (Kathrin), Tollenaar, R. A. (Rob A. E. M.), Torres, D. (Diana), Truong, T. (Therese), Untch, M. (Michael), Vachon, C. (Celine), Van den Berg, D. (David), Vincent, D. (Daniel), Waisfisz, Q. (Quinten), Weinberg, C. R. (Clarice R.), Wendt, C. (Camilla), Whittemore, A. S. (Alice S.), Wildiers, H. (Hans), Willett, W. C. (Walter C.), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Wolk, A. (Alicja), Xia, L. (Lucy), Yang, X. R. (Xiaohong R.), Ziogas, A. (Argyrios), Ziv, E. (Elad), Dunning, A. M. (Alison M.), Pharoah, P. D. (Paul D. P.), Simard, J. (Jacques), Milne, R. L. (Roger L.), Edwards, S. L. (Stacey L.), Kraft, P. (Peter), Easton, D. F. (Douglas F.), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Zheng, W. (Wei), Wu, L. (Lang), Shi, W. (Wei), Long, J. (Jirong), Guo, X. (Xingyi), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Beesley, J. (Jonathan), Bolla, M. K. (Manjeet K.), Shu, X.-O. (Xiao-Ou), Lu, Y. (Yingchang), Cai, Q. (Qiuyin), Al-Ejeh, F. (Fares), Rozali, E. (Esdy), Wang, Q. (Qin), Dennis, J. (Joe), Li, B. (Bingshan), Zeng, C. (Chenjie), Feng, H. (Helian), Gusev, A. (Alexander), Barfield, R. T. (Richard T.), Andrulis, I. L. (Irene L.), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Arndt, V. (Volker), Aronson, K. J. (Kristan J.), Auer, P. L. (Paul L.), Barrdahl, M. (Myrto), Baynes, C. (Caroline), Beckmann, M. W. (Matthias W.), Benitez, J. (Javier), Bermisheva, M. (Marina), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Bogdanova, N. V. (Natalia V.), Bojesen, S. E. (Stig E.), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brinton, L. (Louise), Broberg, P. (Per), Brucker, S. Y. (Sara Y.), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Canzian, F. (Federico), Carter, B. D. (Brian D.), Castelao, J. E. (J. Esteban), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Chen, X. (Xiaoqing), Cheng, T. D. (Ting-Yuan David), Christiansen, H. (Hans), Clarke, C. L. (Christine L.), Collee, M. (Margriet), Cornelissen, S. (Sten), Couch, F. J. (Fergus J.), Cox, D. (David), Cox, A. (Angela), Cross, S. S. (Simon S.), Cunningham, J. M. (Julie M.), Czene, K. (Kamila), Daly, M. B. (Mary B.), Devilee, P. (Peter), Doheny, K. F. (Kimberly F.), Dork, T. (Thilo), dos-Santos-Silva, I. (Isabel), Dumont, M. (Martine), Dwek, M. (Miriam), Eccles, D. M. (Diana M.), Eilber, U. (Ursula), Eliassen, A. H. (A. Heather), Engel, C. (Christoph), Eriksson, M. (Mikael), Fachal, L. (Laura), Fasching, P. A. (Peter A.), Figueroa, J. (Jonine), Flesch-Janys, D. (Dieter), Fletcher, O. (Olivia), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Fritschi, L. (Lin), Gabrielson, M. (Marike), Gago-Dominguez, M. (Manuela), Gapstur, S. M. (Susan M.), Garcia-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Gaudet, M. M. (Mia M.), Ghoussaini, M. (Maya), Giles, G. G. (Graham G.), Goldberg, M. S. (Mark S.), Goldgar, D. E. (David E.), Gonzalez-Neira, A. (Anna), Guenel, P. (Pascal), Hahnen, E. (Eric), Haiman, C. A. (Christopher A.), Hakansson, N. (Niclas), Hall, P. (Per), Hallberg, E. (Emily), Hamann, U. (Ute), Harrington, P. (Patricia), Hein, A. (Alexander), Hicks, B. (Belynda), Hillemanns, P. (Peter), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Hoover, R. N. (Robert N.), Hopper, J. L. (John L.), Huang, G. (Guanmengqian), Humphreys, K. (Keith), Hunter, D. J. (David J.), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Janni, W. (Wolfgang), John, E. M. (Esther M.), Johnson, N. (Nichola), Jones, K. (Kristine), Jones, M. E. (Michael E.), Jung, A. (Audrey), Kaaks, R. (Rudolf), Kerin, M. J. (Michael J.), Khusnutdinova, E. (Elza), Kosma, V.-M. (Veli-Matti), Kristensen, V. N. (Vessela N.), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Li, J. (Jingmei), Lindstrom, S. (Sara), Lissowska, J. (Jolanta), Lo, W.-Y. (Wing-Yee), Loibl, S. (Sibylle), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Luccarini, C. (Craig), Lux, M. P. (Michael P.), MacInnis, R. J. (Robert J.), Maishman, T. (Tom), Kostovska, I. M. (Ivana Maleva), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Manson, J. E. (Joann E.), Margolin, S. (Sara), Mavroudis, D. (Dimitrios), Meijers-Heijboer, H. (Hanne), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Menon, U. (Usha), Meyer, J. (Jeffery), Mulligan, A. M. (Anna Marie), Neuhausen, S. L. (Susan L.), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Neven, P. (Patrick), Nielsen, S. F. (Sune F.), Nordestgaard, B. G. (Borge G.), Olopade, O. I. (Olufunmilayo I.), Olson, J. E. (Janet E.), Olsson, H. (Hakan), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Peto, J. (Julian), Plaseska-Karanfilska, D. (Dijana), Prentice, R. (Ross), Presneau, N. (Nadege), Pylkäs, K. (Katri), Rack, B. (Brigitte), Radice, P. (Paolo), Rahman, N. (Nazneen), Rennert, G. (Gad), Rennert, H. S. (Hedy S.), Rhenius, V. (Valerie), Romero, A. (Atocha), Romm, J. (Jane), Rudolph, A. (Anja), Saloustros, E. (Emmanouil), Sandler, D. P. (Dale P.), Sawyer, E. J. (Elinor J.), Schmidt, M. K. (Marjanka K.), Schmutzler, R. K. (Rita K.), Schneeweiss, A. (Andreas), Scott, R. J. (Rodney J.), Scott, C. G. (Christopher G.), Seal, S. (Sheila), Shah, M. (Mitul), Shrubsole, M. J. (Martha J.), Smeets, A. (Ann), Southey, M. C. (Melissa C.), Spinelli, J. J. (John J.), Stone, J. (Jennifer), Surowy, H. (Harald), Swerdlow, A. J. (Anthony J.), Tamimi, R. M. (Rulla M.), Tapper, W. (William), Taylor, J. A. (Jack A.), Terry, M. B. (Mary Beth), Tessier, D. C. (Daniel C.), Thomas, A. (Abigail), Thone, K. (Kathrin), Tollenaar, R. A. (Rob A. E. M.), Torres, D. (Diana), Truong, T. (Therese), Untch, M. (Michael), Vachon, C. (Celine), Van den Berg, D. (David), Vincent, D. (Daniel), Waisfisz, Q. (Quinten), Weinberg, C. R. (Clarice R.), Wendt, C. (Camilla), Whittemore, A. S. (Alice S.), Wildiers, H. (Hans), Willett, W. C. (Walter C.), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Wolk, A. (Alicja), Xia, L. (Lucy), Yang, X. R. (Xiaohong R.), Ziogas, A. (Argyrios), Ziv, E. (Elad), Dunning, A. M. (Alison M.), Pharoah, P. D. (Paul D. P.), Simard, J. (Jacques), Milne, R. L. (Roger L.), Edwards, S. L. (Stacey L.), Kraft, P. (Peter), Easton, D. F. (Douglas F.), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), and Zheng, W. (Wei)
Abstract: The breast cancer risk variants identified in genome-wide association studies explain only a small fraction of the familial relative risk, and the genes responsible for these associations remain largely unknown. To identify novel risk loci and likely causal genes, we performed a transcriptome-wide association study evaluating associations of genetically predicted gene expression with breast cancer risk in 122,977 cases and 105,974 controls of European ancestry. We used data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project to establish genetic models to predict gene expression in breast tissue and evaluated model performance using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Of the 8,597 genes evaluated, significant associations were identified for 48 at a Bonferroni-corrected threshold of P < 5.82 × 10−6, including 14 genes at loci not yet reported for breast cancer. We silenced 13 genes and showed an effect for 11 on cell proliferation and/or colony-forming efficiency. Our study provides new insights into breast cancer genetics and biology.
Published: 2018

35. The BRCA2 c.68‐7T > A variant is not pathogenic:a model for clinical calibration of spliceogenicity

Author: Colombo, M. (Mara), Lopez-Perolio, I. (Irene), Meeks, H. D. (Huong D.), Caleca, L. (Laura), Parsons, M. T. (Michael T.), Li, H. (Hongyan), De Vecchi, G. (Giovanna), Tudini, E. (Emma), Foglia, C. (Claudia), Mondini, P. (Patrizia), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Behar, R. (Raquel), Garcia, E. B. (Encarna B. Gomez), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Montagna, M. (Marco), Niederacher, D. (Dieter), Schmidt, A. Y. (Ane Y.), Varesco, L. (Liliana), Wappenschmidt, B. (Barbara), Bolla, M. K. (Manjeet K.), Dennis, J. (Joe), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Wang, Q. (Qin), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Andrulis, I. L. (Irene L.), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Arndt, V. (Volker), Beckmann, M. W. (Matthias W.), Beeghly-Fadel, A. (Alicia), Benitez, J. (Javier), Boeckx, B. (Bram), Bogdanova, N. V. (Natalia V.), Bojesen, S. E. (Stig E.), Bonanni, B. (Bernardo), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Conroy, D. M. (Don M.), Couch, F. J. (Fergus J.), Cox, A. (Angela), Cross, S. S. (Simon S.), Czene, K. (Kamila), Devilee, P. (Peter), Dork, T. (Thilo), Eriksson, M. (Mikael), Fasching, P. A. (Peter A.), Figueroa, J. (Jonine), Fletcher, O. (Olivia), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Gabrielson, M. (Marike), Garcia-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Giles, G. G. (Graham G.), Gonzalez-Neira, A. (Anna), Guenel, P. (Pascal), Haiman, C. A. (Christopher A.), Hall, P. (Per), Hamann, U. (Ute), Hartman, M. (Mikael), Hauke, J. (Jan), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Hopper, J. L. (John L.), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Jung, A. (Audrey), Kosma, V.-M. (Veli-Matti), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Le Marchand, L. (Loid), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Margolin, S. (Sara), Miao, H. (Hui), Milne, R. L. (Roger L.), Neuhausen, S. L. (Susan L.), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Olson, J. E. (Janet E.), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Peto, J. (Julian), Pylkäs, K. (Katri), Sawyer, E. J. (Elinor J.), Schmidt, M. K. (Marjanka K.), Schmutzler, R. K. (Rita K.), Schneeweiss, A. (Andreas), Schoemaker, M. J. (Minouk J.), See, M. H. (Mee Hoong), Southey, M. C. (Melissa C.), Swerdlow, A. (Anthony), Teo, S. H. (Soo H.), Toland, A. E. (Amanda E.), Tomlinson, I. (Ian), Truong, T. (Therese), van Asperen, C. J. (Christi J.), van den Ouweland, A. M. (Ans M. W.), van der Kolk, L. E. (Lizet E.), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Yannoukakos, D. (Drakoulis), Zheng, W. (Wei), Dunning, A. M. (Alison M.), Easton, D. F. (Douglas F.), Henderson, A. (Alex), Hogervorst, F. B. (Frans B. L.), Izatt, L. (Louise), Offitt, K. (Kenneth), Side, L. E. (Lucy E.), van Rensburg, E. J. (Elizabeth J.), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Antoniou, A. C. (Antonis C.), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Spurdle, A. B. (Amanda B.), Goldgar, D. E. (David E.), de la Hoya, M. (Miguel), Radice, P. (Paolo), Colombo, M. (Mara), Lopez-Perolio, I. (Irene), Meeks, H. D. (Huong D.), Caleca, L. (Laura), Parsons, M. T. (Michael T.), Li, H. (Hongyan), De Vecchi, G. (Giovanna), Tudini, E. (Emma), Foglia, C. (Claudia), Mondini, P. (Patrizia), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Behar, R. (Raquel), Garcia, E. B. (Encarna B. Gomez), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Montagna, M. (Marco), Niederacher, D. (Dieter), Schmidt, A. Y. (Ane Y.), Varesco, L. (Liliana), Wappenschmidt, B. (Barbara), Bolla, M. K. (Manjeet K.), Dennis, J. (Joe), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Wang, Q. (Qin), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Andrulis, I. L. (Irene L.), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Arndt, V. (Volker), Beckmann, M. W. (Matthias W.), Beeghly-Fadel, A. (Alicia), Benitez, J. (Javier), Boeckx, B. (Bram), Bogdanova, N. V. (Natalia V.), Bojesen, S. E. (Stig E.), Bonanni, B. (Bernardo), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Conroy, D. M. (Don M.), Couch, F. J. (Fergus J.), Cox, A. (Angela), Cross, S. S. (Simon S.), Czene, K. (Kamila), Devilee, P. (Peter), Dork, T. (Thilo), Eriksson, M. (Mikael), Fasching, P. A. (Peter A.), Figueroa, J. (Jonine), Fletcher, O. (Olivia), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Gabrielson, M. (Marike), Garcia-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Giles, G. G. (Graham G.), Gonzalez-Neira, A. (Anna), Guenel, P. (Pascal), Haiman, C. A. (Christopher A.), Hall, P. (Per), Hamann, U. (Ute), Hartman, M. (Mikael), Hauke, J. (Jan), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Hopper, J. L. (John L.), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Jung, A. (Audrey), Kosma, V.-M. (Veli-Matti), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Le Marchand, L. (Loid), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Margolin, S. (Sara), Miao, H. (Hui), Milne, R. L. (Roger L.), Neuhausen, S. L. (Susan L.), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Olson, J. E. (Janet E.), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Peto, J. (Julian), Pylkäs, K. (Katri), Sawyer, E. J. (Elinor J.), Schmidt, M. K. (Marjanka K.), Schmutzler, R. K. (Rita K.), Schneeweiss, A. (Andreas), Schoemaker, M. J. (Minouk J.), See, M. H. (Mee Hoong), Southey, M. C. (Melissa C.), Swerdlow, A. (Anthony), Teo, S. H. (Soo H.), Toland, A. E. (Amanda E.), Tomlinson, I. (Ian), Truong, T. (Therese), van Asperen, C. J. (Christi J.), van den Ouweland, A. M. (Ans M. W.), van der Kolk, L. E. (Lizet E.), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Yannoukakos, D. (Drakoulis), Zheng, W. (Wei), Dunning, A. M. (Alison M.), Easton, D. F. (Douglas F.), Henderson, A. (Alex), Hogervorst, F. B. (Frans B. L.), Izatt, L. (Louise), Offitt, K. (Kenneth), Side, L. E. (Lucy E.), van Rensburg, E. J. (Elizabeth J.), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Antoniou, A. C. (Antonis C.), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Spurdle, A. B. (Amanda B.), Goldgar, D. E. (David E.), de la Hoya, M. (Miguel), and Radice, P. (Paolo)
Abstract: Although the spliceogenic nature of the BRCA2 c.68‐7T > A variant has been demonstrated, its association with cancer risk remains controversial. In this study, we accurately quantified by real‐time PCR and digital PCR (dPCR), the BRCA2 isoforms retaining or missing exon 3. In addition, the combined odds ratio for causality of the variant was estimated using genetic and clinical data, and its associated cancer risk was estimated by case‐control analysis in 83,636 individuals. Co‐occurrence in trans with pathogenic BRCA2 variants was assessed in 5,382 families. Exon 3 exclusion rate was 4.5‐fold higher in variant carriers (13%) than controls (3%), indicating an exclusion rate for the c.68‐7T > A allele of approximately 20%. The posterior probability of pathogenicity was 7.44 × 10⁻¹¹⁵. There was neither evidence for increased risk of breast cancer (OR 1.03; 95% CI 0.86–1.24) nor for a deleterious effect of the variant when co‐occurring with pathogenic variants. Our data provide for the first time robust evidence of the nonpathogenicity of the BRCA2 c.68‐7T > A. Genetic and quantitative transcript analyses together inform the threshold for the ratio between functional and altered BRCA2 isoforms compatible with normal cell function. These findings might be exploited to assess the relevance for cancer risk of other BRCA2 spliceogenic variants.
Published: 2018

36. Prediction of Breast and Prostate Cancer Risks in Male BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers Using Polygenic Risk Scores

Author: Lecarpentier, J., Kuchenbaecker, K. B., Barrowdale, D., Dennis, J., Mcguffog, L., Leslie, G., Lee, A., Al Olama, A. A., Tyrer, J. P., Frost, D., Ellis, S., Easton, D. F., Antoniou, A. C., Tischkowitz, M., Evans, D. G., Henderson, A., Brewer, C., Eccles, D., Cook, J., Ong, K. -R., Walker, L., Side, L. E., Hodgson, S., Izatt, L., Eeles, R., Orr, N., Porteous, M. E., Davidson, R., Adlard, J., Silvestri, V., Rizzolo, P., Navazio, A. S., Valentini, V., Zelli, V., Ottini, L., Toss, A., Medici, V., Cortesi, L., Zanna, I., Palli, D., Radice, P., Manoukian, S., Peissel, B., Azzollini, J., Peterlongo, P., Viel, A., Cini, G., Damante, G., Tommasi, S., Alducci, E., Tognazzo, S., Montagna, M., Caligo, M. A., Soucy, P., Simard, J., Mulligan, A. M., Andrulis, I. L., Glendon, G., Southey, M., Campbell, I., James, P., Mitchell, G., Spurdle, A. B., Holland, H., Chenevix-Trench, G., John, E. M., Steele, L., Ding, Y. C., Neuhausen, S. L., Weitzel, J. N., Conner, T. A., Buys, S. S., Goldgar, D. E., Godwin, A. K., Sharma, P., Rebbeck, T. R., Vijai, J., Robson, M., Lincoln, A., Musinsky, J., Gaddam, P., Offit, K., Loud, J. T., Greene, M. H., Toland, A. E., Senter, L., Huo, D., Nielsen, S. M., Olopade, O. I., Nathanson, K. L., Domchek, S. M., Lorenchick, C., Jankowitz, R. C., Couch, F. J., Janavicius, R., Hansen, T. V. O., Bojesen, A., Nielsen, H. R., Skytte, A. -B., Sunde, L., Jensen, U. B., Pedersen, I. S., Krogh, L., Kruse, T. A., Thomassen, M., Osorio, A., De La Hoya, M., Garcia-Barberan, V., Caldes, T., Segura, P. P., Balmana, J., Gutierrez-Enriquez, S., Diez, O., Teule, A., Del Valle, J., Feliubadalo, L., Pujana, M. A., Lazaro, C., Izquierdo, A., Darder, E., Brunet, J., Fostira, F., Hamann, U., Sutter, C., Meindl, A., Ditsch, N., Gehrig, A., Dworniczak, B., Engel, C., Wand, D., Niederacher, D., Steinemann, D., Hahnen, E., Hauke, J., Rhiem, K., Wappenschmidt, B., Schmutzler, R. K., Kast, K., Arnold, N., Wang-Gohrke, S., Lasset, C., Damiola, F., Barjhoux, L., Mazoyer, S., Stoppa-Lyonnet, D., Belotti, M., Van Heetvelde, M., Poppe, B., De Leeneer, K., Claes, K. B. M., Kiiski, J. I., Khan, S., Nevanlinna, H., Aittomaki, K., Vvan Asperen, C. J., Vaszko, T., Kasler, M., Olah, E., Arason, A., Agnarsson, B. A., Johannsson, O. Th., Barkardottir, R. B., Teixeira, M. R., Pinto, P., Lee, J. W., Lee, M. H., Lee, J., Kim, S. -W., Kang, E., Park, S. K., Kim, Z., Tan, Y. Y., Berger, A., Singer, C. F., Yoon, S. -Y., Teo, S. -H., Von Wachenfeldt, A., Italian Association for Cancer Research, Ministère de Économie, Innovation et Exportation (Canadá), Canadian Institutes of Health Research, United States of Department of Health & Human Services, Cancer Research UK (Reino Unido), National Cancer Center. National R&D Program for Cancer Control (República de Corea), German Cancer Aid, Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, Lietuvos Mokslo Taryba (Lituania), Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer, Fundación Mutua Madrileña, University of Kansas. Cancer Center (Estados Unidos), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Finlands Akademi (Finlandia), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Dutch Research Council (Holanda), Pink Ribbons Project, Biobanking and BioMolecular resources Research Infrastructure (Países Bajos), Transcan grant, Government of Catalonia (España), Unión Europea. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER/ERDF), Ministry of Health and Welfare (Corea del Sur), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Malasia), Victorian Cancer Agency, and Ministry of Higher Education (Malasia)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Cancer Research, Heterozygote, Multifactorial Inheritance, Genes, BRCA2, Genes, BRCA1, Breast Neoplasms, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Assessment, Breast Neoplasms, Male, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Testing, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Middle Aged, Prostatic Neoplasms, Mutation, Oncology, 80 and over, Polymorphism, skin and connective tissue diseases, Single Nucleotide, BRCA1, BRCA2, Genes
Abstract: Purpose BRCA1/2 mutations increase the risk of breast and prostate cancer in men. Common genetic variants modify cancer risks for female carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations. We investigated-for the first time to our knowledge-associations of common genetic variants with breast and prostate cancer risks for male carriers of BRCA1/ 2 mutations and implications for cancer risk prediction. Materials and Methods We genotyped 1,802 male carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 by using the custom Illumina OncoArray. We investigated the combined effects of established breast and prostate cancer susceptibility variants on cancer risks for male carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations by constructing weighted polygenic risk scores (PRSs) using published effect estimates as weights. Results In male carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations, PRS that was based on 88 female breast cancer susceptibility variants was associated with breast cancer risk (odds ratio per standard deviation of PRS, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.56; P = 8.6 × 10-6). Similarly, PRS that was based on 103 prostate cancer susceptibility variants was associated with prostate cancer risk (odds ratio per SD of PRS, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.35 to 1.81; P = 3.2 × 10-9). Large differences in absolute cancer risks were observed at the extremes of the PRS distribution. For example, prostate cancer risk by age 80 years at the 5th and 95th percentiles of the PRS varies from 7% to 26% for carriers of BRCA1 mutations and from 19% to 61% for carriers of BRCA2 mutations, respectively. Conclusion PRSs may provide informative cancer risk stratification for male carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations that might enable these men and their physicians to make informed decisions on the type and timing of breast and prostate cancer risk management. We thank Sue Healey for her contribution to CIMBA, in particular, for taking on the task of mutation classification with Olga Sinilnikova. BCFR Australia: We acknowledge Maggie Angelakos, Judi Maskiell, Gillian Dite, Helen Tsimiklis. BCFR Ontario: We thank members and participants in the Ontario Familial Breast Cancer Registry for their contributions to the study. BFBOCC-LT (Baltic Familial Breast Ovarian Cancer Consortium Lithuanian section): We acknowledge Vilius Rudaitis and Laimonas Griˇskeviˇcius. CBCS (Copenhagen Breast Cancer Study, Rigshospitalet): We thank Bent Ejlertsen Ejlertsen and Anne-Marie Gerdes for the recruitment and genetic counseling of participants. CNIO (Spanish National Cancer Centre): We thank Alicia Barroso, Rosario Alonso, and Guillermo Pita for their assistance. COH-CCGCRN (City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network): Patients were recruited for study from the City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network. CONSIT TEAM:We acknowledge Daniela Zaffaroni of the Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy; Brunella Pilato of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari, Italy; and the personnel of the Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Milan, Italy. FCCC (Fox Chase Cancer Center):We thank Jo EllenWeaver and Betsy Bove, MD, for their technical support. GEMO (GeneticModifiers of cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers):We pay a tribute to Olga M. Sinilnikova, who with Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet, initiated and coordinated GEMO until she died on June 30, 2014, and we thank all the GEMO collaborating groups for their contribution to this study. GEMO Collaborating Centers are: Coordinating Centres, Unit´e Mixte de G´en´etique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Fr´equents, Hospices Civils de Lyon–Centre L´eon B´erard, Equipe G´en´etique du cancer du sein, Centre de Rechercheen Canc´erologie de Lyon: Olga Sinilnikova (deceased), Sylvie Mazoyer, Francesca Damiola, Laure Barjhoux, Carole Verny-Pierre, M´elanie L´eone, Nadia Boutry-Kryza, Alain Calender, Sophie Giraud; and Service de G´en´etique Oncologique, Institut Curie, Paris: Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet, Marion Gauthier-Villars, Bruno Buecher, Claude Houdayer, Etienne Rouleau, Lisa Golmard, Agn`es Collet, Virginie Moncoutier, Muriel Belotti, Antoine de Pauw, Camille Elan, Catherine Nogues, Emmanuelle Fourme, Anne-Marie Birot; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif: Brigitte Bressac-de-Paillerets, Olivier Caron, Marine Guillaud- Bataille; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont–Ferrand: Yves-Jean Bignon, Nancy Uhrhammer; Centre L´eon B´erard, Lyon: Christine Lasset, Val´erie Bonadona, Sandrine Handallou; Centre François Baclesse, Caen: Agn`es Hardouin, Pascaline Berthet, Dominique Vaur, Laurent Castera; Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille: Hagay Sobol, Violaine Bourdon, Tetsuro Noguchi, Audrey Remenieras, François Eisinger; CHUArnaud-de-Villeneuve,Montpellier: Isabelle Coupier, Pascal Pujol; Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille: Jean-Philippe Peyrat, Jo¨elle Fournier, Françoise R´evillion, Philippe Vennin (deceased), Claude Adenis; Centre Paul Strauss, Strasbourg: Dani`ele Muller, Jean-Pierre Fricker; Institut Bergoni´e, Bordeaux: Emmanuelle Barouk-Simonet, Françoise Bonnet, Virginie Bubien, Nicolas Sevenet, Michel Longy; Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse: Christine Toulas, Rosine Guimbaud, Laurence Gladieff, Viviane Feillel; CHU Grenoble: Dominique Leroux, H´el`ene Dreyfus, Christine Rebischung, Magalie Peysselon; CHU Dijon: Fanny Coron, Laurence Faivre; CHU St-Etienne: Fabienne Prieur, Marine Lebrun, Caroline Kientz; HˆotelDieu Centre Hospitalier, Chamb´ery: Sandra Fert Ferrer; Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice: Marc Fr´enay; CHU Limoges: Laurence V´enat-Bouvet; CHU Nantes: Capucine Delnatte; CHU Bretonneau, Tours: Isabelle Mortemousque; Groupe Hospitalier Piti´e-Salp´etri`ere, Paris: Florence Coulet, Chrystelle Colas, Florent Soubrier, MathildeWarcoin; CHU Vandoeuvre-les- Nancy: Johanna Sokolowska, Myriam Bronner; CHU Besançon: Marie-Agn`es Collonge-Rame, Alexandre Damette; Creighton University, Omaha, NE: Henry T. Lynch, Carrie L. Snyder. G-FAST (Ghent University Hospital): B.P. is a senior clinical investigator of FWO. We acknowledge the technical support of Ilse Coeneen Brecht Crombez. HCSC (Hospital Clinico San Carlos): We acknowledge Alicia Tosar and Paula Diaque for their technical assistance. HEBCS (Helsinki Breast Cancer Study):We thank Taru A. Muranen, Carl Blomqvist, MD, Kirsimari Aaltonen, MD, Irja Erkkil¨a, RN, and Virpi Palola, RN, for their help with the HEBCS data and samples. Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands (HEBON): HEBON consists of the following collaborating centers: Coordinating center: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam: M.A. Rookus, F.B.L. Hogervorst, F.E. van Leeuwen, S. Verhoef, M.K. Schmidt, N.S. Russell, J.L. de Lange, R. Wijnands; Erasmus Medical Center: J.M. Coll´ee, A.M.W. van den Ouweland, M.J. Hooning, C. Seynaeve, C.H.M. van Deurzen, I.M. Obdeijn; Leiden University Medical Center: C.J. van Asperen, J.T. Wijnen, R.A.E.M. Tollenaar, P. Devilee, T.C.T.E.F. van Cronenburg; Radboud University NijmegenMedical Center: C.M. Kets, A.R.Mensenkamp; UniversityMedical Center Utrecht: M.G.E.M. Ausems, R.B. van der Luijt, C.C. van der Pol; Amsterdam Medical Center: C.M. Aalfs, T.A.M. van Os; Vrije Universiteit Medical Center: J.J.P. Gille, Q.Waisfisz, H.E.J. Meijers-Heijboer; University Hospital Maastricht: E.B. G´omez-Garcia, M.J. Blok; University Medical Center Groningen: J.C. Oosterwijk, A.H. van der Hout, M.J.Mourits, G.H. de Bock; The Netherlands Foundation for the Detection of Hereditary Tumours, Leiden: H.F. Vasen; The Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL): S. Siesling, J. Verloop; The Dutch Pathology Registry (PALGA): L.I.H. Overbeek. HEBON thanks the registration teams of IKNL and PALGA for part of the data collection. HUNBOCS (Molecular Genetic Studies of Breast- and Ovarian Cancer in Hungary):We thank the Hungarian Breast and Ovarian Cancer Study Group members (Janos Papp, Aniko Bozsik, Judit Franko, Maria Balogh, Gabriella Domokos, Judit Ferenczi, Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary) and the clinicians and patients for their contributions to this study. HVH (University Hospital Vall d’Hebron): We thank the Cellex Foundation for providing research facilities and equipment. ICO (Institut Catal`a d’Oncologia): We thank the ICO Hereditary Cancer Program team led by Gabriel Capella, MD. INHERIT (INterdisciplinary HEalth Research Internal Team BReast CAncer susceptibility):We thank Martine Dumont, MD, Martine Tranchant and St´ephane Dubois for QC, sample management and skillful assistance. J.S. is Chair holder of the Canada Research Chair in Oncogenetics. J.S. and P.S. were part of the QC and Genotyping coordinating group of iCOGS and Oncoarray (BCAC and CIMBA). IPOBCS (Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto jco.org © 2017 by American Society of Clinical Oncology Polygenic Risk Scores in Male BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers Downloaded from ascopubs.org by CNIO-FUND on September 27, 2019 from 193.147.150.201 Copyright © 2019 American Society of Clinical Oncology. All rights reserved. Breast Cancer Study): We thank Catarina Santos, MD, for her skillful contribution to the study. kConFab (Kathleen Cuningham Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer): We thank Heather Thorne, Eveline Niedermayr, all the kConFab research nurses and staff, the heads and staff of the Family Cancer Clinics, and the Clinical Follow Up Study for their contributions to this resource, and the many families who contribute to kConFab.Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center:We acknowledge Lauren Jacobs, MD. OCGN (Ontario Cancer Genetics Network): We thank members and participants in the Ontario Cancer Genetics Network for their contributions to the study. OSUCCG (The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center): Kevin Sweet, Caroline Craven, Julia Cooper, Leigha Senter, and Michelle O’Conor were instrumental in accrual of study participants, ascertainment of medical records, and database management. SEABASS (South East Asian Breast Cancer Association Study): We thank Yip Cheng Har, Nur Aishah Mohd Taib, Phuah Sze Yee, Norhashimah Hassan, and all the research nurses, research assistants, and doctors involved in the MyBrCa Study for assistance in patient recruitment, data collection, and sample preparation. In addition, we thank Philip Iau, Sng Jen-Hwei, and Sharifah Nor Akmal for contributing samples from the Singapore Breast Cancer Study and the HUKM-HKL Study, respectively. SWE-BRCA (Swedish Breast Cancer Study): Swedish scientists participating as SWE-BRCA collaborators are: from Lund University and University Hospital: A° ke Borg, H°akan Olsson, Helena Jernstr¨om, Karin Henriksson, Katja Harbst, Maria Soller, Ulf Kristoffersson; from Gothenburg Sahlgrenska University Hospital: Anna O¨ fverholm, Margareta Nordling, Per Karlsson, Zakaria Einbeigi; from Stockholm and Karolinska University Hospital: Anna vonWachenfeldt, Annelie Liljegren, Annika Lindblom, Brita Arver, Gisela Barbany Bustinza, Johanna Rantala; from Ume°a University Hospital: Beatrice Melin, Christina Edwinsdotter Ardnor, Monica Emanuelsson; from Uppsala University: Hans Ehrencrona, Maritta Hellstr¨om Pigg, Richard Rosenquist; from Link¨oping University Hospital: Marie Stenmark-Askmalm, Sigrun Liedgren. University of Chicago: O.I.O. is an ACS Clinical Research Professor. We thank Cecilia Zvocec, Qun Niu, physicians, genetic counsellors, research nurses, and staff of the Cancer Risk Clinic for their contributions to this resource, and the many families who contribute to our program. VFCTG (Victorian Familial Cancer Trials Group):We acknowledge Geoffrey Lindeman, Marion Harris, Martin Delatycki of the Victorian Familial Cancer Trials Group.We thank Sarah Sawyer and Rebecca Driessen for assembling these data and Ella Thompson for performing all DNA amplification. © 2017 by American Society of Clinical Oncology JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY Sí
Published: 2017

37. PALB2, CHEK2 and ATM rare variants and cancer risk: data from COGS

Author: Southey, M.C., Goldgar, D., Cox, A., and et al
Subjects: skin and connective tissue diseases
Abstract: Background: The rarity of mutations in PALB2, CHEK2 and ATM make it difficult to estimate precisely associated cancer risks. Population-based family studies have provided evidence that at least some of these mutations are associated with breast cancer risk as high as those associated with rare BRCA2 mutations. We aimed to estimate the relative risks associated with specific rare variants in PALB2, CHEK2 and ATM via a multi-centre case-control study.\ud Methods: We genotyped ten rare mutations using the custom iCOGS array: PALB2 c.1592delT, c.2816T>G and c.3113G>A, CHEK2 c.349A>G, c.538C>T, c.715G>A, c.1036C>T, c.1312G>T, and c.1343T>G and ATM c.7271T>G. We assessed associations with breast cancer risk (42,671 cases and 42,164 controls), as well as prostate (22,301 cases and 22,320 controls) and ovarian cancer (14,542 cases and 23,491 controls) risk, for each variant.\ud Results: For European women, strong evidence of association with breast cancer risk was observed for PALB2 c.1592delT OR 3.44 (95% CI 1.39-8.52; p=7.1x10-5), PALB2 c.3113G>A OR 4.21 (95% CI 1.84-9.60; p=6.9x10-8) and ATM c.7271T>G OR 11.0 (95% CI 1.42-85.7; p=0.0012). We also found evidence of association with breast cancer risk for three variants in CHEK2, c.349A>G, c.1036C>T and c.538C>T (p ≤ 0.017). Evidence for prostate cancer risk was observed for CHEK2 c.1343T>G OR 3.03 (95% CI 1.53-6.03; p=0.0006) for African men and CHEK2 c.1312G>T (OR 2.21 95% CI 1.06-4.63; p=0.030) for European men. No evidence of association with ovarian cancer was found for any of these variants.\ud Conclusion: This report adds to accumulating evidence that at least some variants in these genes are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer that is clinically important.
Published: 2016

38. PALB2, CHEK2 and ATM rare variants and cancer risk:data from COGS

Author: Southey, M. C. (Melissa C.), Goldgar, D. E. (David E.), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Pylkäs, K. (Katri), Couch, F. (Fergus), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Foulkes, W. D. (William D.), Dennis, J. (Joe), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), van Rensburg, E. J. (Elizabeth J.), Heikkinen, T. (Tuomas), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Hopper, J. L. (John L.), Doerk, T. (Thilo), Claes, K. B. (Kathleen B. M.), Reis-Filho, J. (Jorge), Teo, Z. L. (Zhi Ling), Radice, P. (Paolo), Catucci, I. (Irene), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Tsimiklis, H. (Helen), Odefrey, F. A. (Fabrice A.), Dowty, J. G. (James G.), Schmidt, M. K. (Marjanka K.), Broeks, A. (Annegien), Hogervorst, F. B. (Frans B.), Verhoef, S. (Senno), Carpenter, J. (Jane), Clarke, C. (Christine), Scott, R. J. (Rodney J.), Fasching, P. A. (Peter A.), Haeberle, L. (Lothar), Ekici, A. B. (Arif B.), Beckmann, M. W. (Matthias W.), Peto, J. (Julian), dos-Santos-Silva, I. (Isabel), Fletcher, O. (Olivia), Johnson, N. (Nichola), Bolla, M. K. (Manjeet K.), Sawyer, E. J. (Elinor J.), Tomlinson, I. (Ian), Kerin, M. J. (Michael J.), Miller, N. (Nicola), Marme, F. (Federik), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Yang, R. (Rongxi), Guenel, P. (Pascal), Menegaux, F. (Florence), Sanchez, M. (Marie), Bojesen, S. (Stig), Nielsen, S. F. (Sune F.), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Benitez, J. (Javier), Pilar Zamora, M. (M.), Arias Perez, J. I. (Jose Ignacio), Menendez, P. (Primitiva), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Neuhausen, S. (Susan), Ziogas, A. (Argyrios), Clarke, C. A. (Christina A.), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Arndt, V. (Volker), Stegmaier, C. (Christa), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Bruening, T. (Thomas), Ko, Y.-D. (Yon-Dschun), Muranen, T. A. (Taru A.), Aittomaki, K. (Kristiina), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Bogdanova, N. V. (Natalia V.), Antonenkova, N. N. (Natalia N.), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Margolin, S. (Sara), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Kataja, V. (Vesa), Kosma, V.-M. (Veli-Matti), Hartikainen, J. M. (Jaana M.), Spurdle, A. B. (Amanda B.), Wauters, E. (Els), Smeets, D. (Dominiek), Beuselinck, B. (Benoit), Floris, G. (Giuseppe), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Rudolph, A. (Anja), Seibold, P. (Petra), Flesch-Janys, D. (Dieter), Olson, J. E. (Janet E.), Vachon, C. (Celine), Pankratz, V. S. (Vernon S.), McLean, C. (Catriona), Haiman, C. A. (Christopher A.), Henderson, B. E. (Brian E.), Schumacher, F. (Fredrick), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Kristensen, V. (Vessela), Alnaes, G. G. (Grethe Grenaker), Zheng, W. (Wei), Hunter, D. J. (David J.), Lindstrom, S. (Sara), Hankinson, S. E. (Susan E.), Kraft, P. (Peter), Andrulis, I. (Irene), Knight, J. A. (Julia A.), Glendon, G. (Gord), Mulligan, A. M. (Anna Marie), Jukkola-Vuorinen, A. (Arja), Grip, M. (Mervi), Kauppila, S. (Saila), Devilee, P. (Peter), Tollenaar, R. A. (Robert A. E. M.), Seynaeve, C. (Caroline), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Garcia-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Figueroa, J. (Jonine), Chanock, S. J. (Stephen J.), Lissowska, J. (Jolanta), Czene, K. (Kamila), Darabi, H. (Hatef), Eriksson, M. (Mikael), Eccles, D. M. (Diana M.), Rafiq, S. (Sajjad), Tapper, W. J. (William J.), Gerty, S. M. (Sue M.), Hooning, M. J. (Maartje J.), Martens, J. W. (John W. M.), Collee, J. M. (J. Margriet), Tilanus-Linthorst, M. (Madeleine), Hall, P. (Per), Li, J. (Jingmei), Brand, J. S. (Judith S.), Humphreys, K. (Keith), Cox, A. (Angela), Reed, M. W. (Malcolm W. R.), Luccarini, C. (Craig), Baynes, C. (Caroline), Dunning, A. M. (Alison M.), Hamann, U. (Ute), Torres, D. (Diana), Ulmer, H. U. (Hans Ulrich), Ruediger, T. (Thomas), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Jaworska, K. (Katarzyna), Durda, K. (Katarzyna), Slager, S. (Susan), Toland, A. E. (Amanda E.), Ambrosone, C. B. (Christine B.), Yannoukakos, D. (Drakoulis), Swerdlow, A. (Anthony), Ashworth, A. (Alan), Orr, N. (Nick), Jones, M. (Michael), Gonzalez-Neira, A. (Anna), Pita, G. (Guillermo), Rosario Alonso, M. (M.), Alvarez, N. (Nuria), Herrero, D. (Daniel), Tessier, D. C. (Daniel C.), Vincent, D. (Daniel), Bacot, F. (Francois), Simard, J. (Jacques), Dumont, M. (Martine), Soucy, P. (Penny), Eeles, R. (Rosalind), Muir, K. (Kenneth), Wiklund, F. (Fredrik), Gronberg, H. (Henrik), Schleutker, J. (Johanna), Nordestgaard, B. G. (Borge G.), Weischer, M. (Maren), Travis, R. C. (Ruth C.), Neal, D. (David), Donovan, J. L. (Jenny L.), Hamdy, F. C. (Freddie C.), Khaw, K.-T. (Kay-Tee), Stanford, J. L. (Janet L.), Blot, W. J. (William J.), Thibodeau, S. (Stephen), Schaid, D. J. (Daniel J.), Kelley, J. L. (Joseph L.), Maier, C. (Christiane), Kibel, A. S. (Adam S.), Cybulski, C. (Cezary), Cannon-Albright, L. (Lisa), Butterbach, K. (Katja), Park, J. (Jong), Kaneva, R. (Radka), Batra, J. (Jyotsna), Teixeira, M. R. (Manuel R.), Kote-Jarai, Z. (Zsofia), Al Olama, A. A. (Ali Amin), Benlloch, S. (Sara), Renner, S. P. (Stefan P.), Hartmann, A. (Arndt), Hein, A. (Alexander), Ruebner, M. (Matthias), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Van Nieuwenhuysen, E. (Els), Vergote, I. (Ignace), Lambretchs, S. (Sandrina), Doherty, J. A. (Jennifer A.), Rossing, M. A. (Mary Anne), Nickels, S. (Stefan), Eilber, U. (Ursula), Wang-Gohrke, S. (Shan), Odunsi, K. (Kunle), Sucheston-Campbell, L. E. (Lara E.), Friel, G. (Grace), Lurie, G. (Galina), Killeen, J. L. (Jeffrey L.), Wilkens, L. R. (Lynne R.), Goodman, M. T. (Marc T.), Runnebaum, I. (Ingo), Hillemanns, P. A. (Peter A.), Pelttari, L. M. (Liisa M.), Butzow, R. (Ralf), Modugno, F. (Francesmary), Edwards, R. P. (Robert P.), Ness, R. B. (Roberta B.), Moysich, K. B. (Kirsten B.), du Bois, A. (Andreas), Heitz, F. (Florian), Harter, P. (Philipp), Kommoss, S. (Stefan), Karlan, B. Y. (Beth Y.), Walsh, C. (Christine), Lester, J. (Jenny), Jensen, A. (Allan), Kjaer, S. K. (Susanne Kruger), Hogdall, E. (Estrid), Peissel, B. (Bernard), Bonanni, B. (Bernardo), Bernard, L. (Loris), Goode, E. L. (Ellen L.), Fridley, B. L. (Brooke L.), Vierkant, R. A. (Robert A.), Cunningham, J. M. (Julie M.), Larson, M. C. (Melissa C.), Fogarty, Z. C. (Zachary C.), Kalli, K. R. (Kimberly R.), Liang, D. (Dong), Lu, K. H. (Karen H.), Hildebrandt, M. A. (Michelle A. T.), Wu, X. (Xifeng), Levine, D. A. (Douglas A.), Dao, F. (Fanny), Bisogna, M. (Maria), Berchuck, A. (Andrew), Iversen, E. S. (Edwin S.), Marks, J. R. (Jeffrey R.), Akushevich, L. (Lucy), Cramer, D. W. (Daniel W.), Schildkraut, J. (Joellen), Terry, K. L. (Kathryn L.), Poole, E. M. (Elizabeth M.), Stampfer, M. (Meir), Tworoger, S. S. (Shelley S.), Bandera, E. V. (Elisa V.), Orlow, I. (Irene), Olson, S. H. (Sara H.), Bjorge, L. (Line), Salvesen, H. B. (Helga B.), van Altena, A. M. (Anne M.), Aben, K. K. (Katja K. H.), Kiemeney, L. A. (Lambertus A.), Massuger, L. F. (Leon F. A. G.), Pejovic, T. (Tanja), Bean, Y. (Yukie), Brooks-Wilson, A. (Angela), Kelemen, L. E. (Linda E.), Cook, L. S. (Linda S.), Le, N. D. (Nhu D.), Grski, B. (Bohdan), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Menkiszak, J. (Janusz), Hogdall, C. K. (Claus K.), Lundvall, L. (Lene), Nedergaard, L. (Lotte), Engelholm, S. A. (Svend Aage), Dicks, E. (Ed), Tyrer, J. (Jonathan), Campbell, I. (Ian), McNeish, I. (Iain), Paul, J. (James), Siddiqui, N. (Nadeem), Glasspool, R. (Rosalind), Whittemore, A. S. (Alice S.), Rothstein, J. H. (Joseph H.), McGuire, V. (Valerie), Sieh, W. (Weiva), Cai, H. (Hui), Shu, X.-O. (Xiao-Ou), Teten, R. T. (Rachel T.), Sutphen, R. (Rebecca), McLaughlin, J. R. (John R.), Narod, S. A. (Steven A.), Phelan, C. M. (Catherine M.), Monteiro, A. N. (Alvaro N.), Fenstermacher, D. (David), Lin, H.-Y. (Hui-Yi), Permuth, J. B. (Jennifer B.), Sellers, T. A. (Thomas A.), Chen, Y. A. (Y. Ann), Tsai, Y.-Y. (Ya-Yu), Chen, Z. (Zhihua), Gentry-Maharaj, A. (Aleksandra), Gayther, S. A. (Simon A.), Ramus, S. J. (Susan J.), Menon, U. (Usha), Wu, A. H. (Anna H.), Pearce, C. L. (Celeste L.), Van den Berg, D. (David), Pike, M. C. (Malcolm C.), Dansonka-Mieszkowska, A. (Agnieszka), Plisiecka-Halasa, J. (Joanna), Moes-Sosnowska, J. (Joanna), Kupryjanczyk, J. (Jolanta), Pharoah, P. D. (Paul D. P.), Song, H. (Honglin), Winship, I. (Ingrid), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Giles, G. G. (Graham G.), Tavtigian, S. V. (Sean V.), Easton, D. F. (Doug F.), and Milne, R. L. (Roger L.)
Subjects: skin and connective tissue diseases
Abstract: Background: The rarity of mutations in PALB2, CHEK2 and ATM make it difficult to estimate precisely associated cancer risks. Population-based family studies have provided evidence that at least some of these mutations are associated with breast cancer risk as high as those associated with rare BRCA2 mutations. We aimed to estimate the relative risks associated with specific rare variants in PALB2, CHEK2 and ATM via a multicentre case-control study. Methods: We genotyped 10 rare mutations using the custom iCOGS array: PALB2 c.1592delT, c.2816T>G and c.3113G>A, CHEK2 c.349A>G, c.538C>T, c.715G>A, c.1036C>T, c.1312G>T, and c.1343T>G and ATM c.7271T>G. We assessed associations with breast cancer risk (42 671 cases and 42 164 controls), as well as prostate (22 301 cases and 22 320 controls) and ovarian (14 542 cases and 23 491 controls) cancer risk, for each variant. Results: For European women, strong evidence of association with breast cancer risk was observed for PALB2 c.1592delT OR 3.44 (95% CI 1.39 to 8.52, p = 7.1 × 10⁻⁵), PALB2 c.3113G>A OR 4.21 (95% CI 1.84 to 9.60, p = 6.9 × 10⁻⁸) and ATM c.7271T>G OR 11.0 (95% CI 1.42 to 85.7, p = 0.0012). We also found evidence of association with breast cancer risk for three variants in CHEK2, c.349A>G OR 2.26 (95% CI 1.29 to 3.95), c.1036C>T OR 5.06 (95% CI 1.09 to 23.5) and c.538C>T OR 1.33 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.67) (p ≤ 0.017). Evidence for prostate cancer risk was observed for CHEK2 c.1343T>G OR 3.03 (95% CI 1.53 to 6.03, p = 0.0006) for African men and CHEK2 c.1312G>T OR 2.21 (95% CI 1.06 to 4.63, p = 0.030) for European men. No evidence of association with ovarian cancer was found for any of these variants. Conclusions: This report adds to accumulating evidence that at least some variants in these genes are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer that is clinically important.
Published: 2016

39. Abstract P5-08-09: Use of oral contraceptives and risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: An international prospective cohort study; for the studies of EMBRACE, GENEPSO, HEBON, kConFab and BCFR

Author: Schrijver, LH, primary, Olsson, H, additional, Antoniou, AC, additional, Milne, RL, additional, Phillips, K-A, additional, Andrieu, N, additional, Easton, DF, additional, Goldgar, D, additional, Engel, C, additional, Kast, K, additional, Roos-Blom, M-J, additional, Mooij, TM, additional, Hopper, JL, additional, van Leeuwen, FE, additional, Terry, M-B, additional, and Rookus, MA, additional
Published: 2017
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40. Identification of independent association signals and putative functional variants for breast cancer risk through fine-scale mapping of the 12p11 locus

Author: Zeng, C. (Chenjie), Guo, X. (Xingyi), Long, J. (Jirong), Kuchenbaecker, K.B. (Karoline), Droit, A. (Arnaud), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Ghoussaini, M. (Maya), Kar, S. (Siddhartha), Freeman, A. (Adam), Hopper, J.L. (John), Milne, R.L. (Roger), Bolla, M.K. (Manjeet K.), Wang, Q. (Qin), Dennis, J. (Joe), Agata, S. (Simona), Ahmed, S. (Shahana), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Antonenkova, N.N. (Natalia N.), Arason, A. (Adalgeir), Arndt, V. (Volker), Arun, B.K. (Banu), Arver, B. (Brita Wasteson), Bacot, F. (Francois), Barrowdale, D. (Daniel), Baynes, C. (Caroline), Beeghly-Fadiel, A. (Alicia), Benítez, J. (Javier), Bermisheva, M. (Marina), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Blot, W.J. (William), Bogdanova, N.V. (Natalia), Bojesen, S.E. (Stig), Bonnani, B. (Bernardo), Borresen-Dale, A.-L. (Anne-Lise), Brand, J.S. (Judith S.), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brennan, P. (Paul), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Broeks, A. (Annegien), Brüning, T. (Thomas), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Buys, S.S. (Saundra), Cai, Q. (Qiuyin), Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Campbell, I. (Ian), Carpenter, T.A. (Adrian), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Choi, J.-Y. (Ji-Yeob), Claes, K.B.M. (Kathleen B.M.), Clarke, C. (Christine), Cox, A. (Angela), Cross, S.S. (Simon), Czene, K. (Kamila), Daly, M.B. (Mary B.), Hoya, M. (Miguel) de La, De Leeneer, K. (Kim), Devilee, P. (Peter), Díez, O. (Orland), Domchek, S.M. (Susan), Doody, M. (Michele), Dorfling, C.M. (Cecilia), Dörk, T. (Thilo), Santos Silva, I. (Isabel) dos, Dumont, M. (Martine), Dwek, M. (Miriam), Dworniczak, B. (Bernd), Egan, K.M. (Kathleen), Eilber, U. (Ursula), Einbeigi, Z. (Zakaria), Ejlertsen, B. (Bent), Ellis, S.D. (Steve), Frost, D. (Debra), Lalloo, F. (Fiona), Fasching, P.A. (Peter), Figueroa, J.D. (Jonine), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Friedlander, M. (Michael), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Gambino, G. (Gaetana), Gao, Y.-T. (Yu-Tang), Garber, J. (Judy), García-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Gehrig, P.A. (Paola A.), Damiola, F. (Francesca), Lesueur, F. (Fabienne), Mazoyer, S. (Sylvie), Stoppa-Lyonnet, D. (Dominique), Giles, G.G. (Graham G.), Godwin, A.K. (Andrew K.), Goldgar, D. (David), González-Neira, A. (Anna), Greene, M.H. (Mark H.), Guénel, P. (Pascal), Haeberle, L. (Lothar), Haiman, C.A. (Christopher A.), Hallberg, E. (Emily), Hamann, U. (Ute), Hansen, T.V.O. (Thomas), Hart, S. (Stewart), Hartikainen, J.M. (J.), Hartman, J.M. (Joost), Hassan, N. (Norhashimah), Healey, S. (Sue), Hogervorst, F.B.L. (Frans), Verhoef, S., Hendricks, C.B. (Carolyn B.), Hillemanns, P. (Peter), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Hulick, P.J. (Peter), Hunter, D. (David), Imyanitov, E.N. (Evgeny), Isaacs, C. (Claudine), Ito, H. (Hidemi), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Janavicius, R. (Ramunas), Jaworska-Bieniek, K. (Katarzyna), Jensen, U.B., John, E.M. (Esther), Joly Beauparlant, C. (Charles), Jones, M. (Michael), Kabisch, M. (Maria), Kang, D. (Daehee), Karlan, B.Y. (Beth Y.), Kauppila, S. (Saila), Kerin, M. (Michael), Khan, S. (Sofia), Khusnutdinova, E.K. (Elza), Knight, J.A. (Julia), Konstantopoulou, I. (I.), Kraft, P. (Peter), Kwong, A. (Ava), Laitman, Y. (Yael), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Lázaro, C. (Conxi), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Lee, C.N. (Chuen), Lee, M.H. (Min Hyuk), Lester, K.J. (Kathryn), Li, J. (Jingmei), Liljegren, A. (Annelie), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Lophatananon, A. (Artitaya), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Mai, P.L. (Phuong), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Margolin, S. (Sara), Marme, F. (Frederik), Matsuo, K. (Keitaro), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Menegaux, F. (Florence), Montagna, M. (Marco), Muir, K.R. (K.), Mulligan, A.-M. (Anna-Marie), Nathanson, K.L. (Katherine), Neuhausen, S.L. (Susan), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Newcomb, P. (Polly), Nord, S. (Silje), Nussbaum, R.L. (Robert L.), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Olah, E., Olopade, O.I. (Olufunmilayo I.), Olswold, C. (Curtis), Osorio, A. (Ana), Papi, L. (Laura), Park-Simon, T.-W., Paulsson-Karlsson, Y. (Ylva), Peeters, S.T.H. (Stephanie), Peissel, B. (Bernard), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Peto, J. (Julian), Pfeiler, G. (Georg), Phelan, C. (Catherine), Presneau, N. (Nadege), Radice, P. (Paolo), Rahman, N. (Nazneen), Ramus, S.J. (Susan), Rashid, M.U. (Muhammad), Rennert, G. (Gad), Rhiem, K. (Kerstin), Rudolph, A. (Anja), Salani, R. (Ritu), Sangrajrang, S. (Suleeporn), Sawyer, E.J. (Elinor), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), Schmutzler, R.K. (Rita), Schoemaker, M. (Minouk), Schürmann, P. (Peter), Seynaeve, C.M. (Caroline), Shen, C.-Y. (Chen-Yang), Shrubsole, M. (Martha), Shu, X.-O. (Xiao-Ou), Sigurdson, A.J. (Alice), Singer, C.F. (Christian), Slager, S. (Susan), Soucy, P. (Penny), Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Steinemann, D. (Doris), Swerdlow, A.J. (Anthony ), Szabo, C. (Csilla), Tchatchou, S. (Sandrine), Teixeira, P.J., Teo, S.-H. (Soo-Hwang), Terry, M.B. (Mary Beth), Tessier, D.C. (Daniel C.), Teulé, A. (A.), Thomassen, M. (Mads), Tihomirova, L. (Laima), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Toland, A.E. (Amanda), Tung, N. (Nadine), Turnbull, C. (Clare), Ouweland, A.M.W. (Ans) van den, Rensburg, E.J. (Elizabeth) van, ven den Berg, D. (David), Vijai, J. (Joseph), Wang-Gohrke, S. (Shan), Weitzel, J.N. (Jeffrey), Whittemore, A.S. (Alice), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Wong, T.Y. (Tien Y.), Wu, A.H. (Anna), Yannoukakos, D. (Drakoulis), Yu, J-C. (Jyh-Cherng), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul), Hall, P. (Per), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Dunning, A.M. (Alison), Simard, J. (Jacques), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Antoniou, A.C. (Antonis), Easton, D.F. (Douglas F.), Zheng, W. (Wei), Zeng, C. (Chenjie), Guo, X. (Xingyi), Long, J. (Jirong), Kuchenbaecker, K.B. (Karoline), Droit, A. (Arnaud), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Ghoussaini, M. (Maya), Kar, S. (Siddhartha), Freeman, A. (Adam), Hopper, J.L. (John), Milne, R.L. (Roger), Bolla, M.K. (Manjeet K.), Wang, Q. (Qin), Dennis, J. (Joe), Agata, S. (Simona), Ahmed, S. (Shahana), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Antonenkova, N.N. 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(Alison), Simard, J. (Jacques), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Antoniou, A.C. (Antonis), Easton, D.F. (Douglas F.), and Zheng, W. (Wei)
Abstract: Background: Multiple recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs10771399, at 12p11 that is associated with breast cancer risk. Method: We performed a fine-scale mapping study of a 700 kb region including 441 genotyped and more than 1300 imputed genetic variants in 48,155 cases and 43,612 controls of European descent, 6269 cases and 6624 controls of East Asian descent and 1116 cases and 932 controls of African descent in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC; http://bcac.ccge.medschl.cam.ac.uk/ ), and in 15,252 BRCA1 mutation carriers in the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA). Stepwise regression analyses were performed to identify independent association signals. Data from the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements project (ENCODE) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used for functional annotation. Results: Analysis of data from European descendants found evidence for four independent association signals at 12p11, represented by rs7297051 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.06-1.12; P = 3 × 10-9), rs805510 (OR = 1.08, 95 % CI = 1.04-1.12, P = 2 × 10-5), and rs1871152 (OR = 1.04, 95 % CI = 1.02-1.06; P = 2 × 10-4) identified in the general populations, and rs113824616 (P = 7 × 10-5) identified in the meta-analysis of BCAC ER-negative cases and BRCA1 mutation carriers. SNPs rs7297051, rs805510 and rs113824616 were also associated with breast cancer risk at P < 0.05 in East Asians, but none of the associations were statistically significant in African descendants. Multiple candidate functional variants are located in putative enhancer sequences. Chromatin interaction data suggested that PTHLH was the likely target gene of these enhancers. Of the six variants with the strongest evidence of potential functionality, rs11049453 was statistically significantly associated with the expression of PTHLH and its nearby gene CCDC91 at P < 0.05. Conclusion: This study id
Published: 2016
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41. Functional mechanisms underlying pleiotropic risk alleles at the 19p13.1 breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility locus

Author: Lawrenson, K. (Kate), Kar, S. (Siddhartha), McCue, K. (Karen), Kuchenbaeker, K. (Karoline), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Tyrer, J.P. (Jonathan), Beesley, J. (Jonathan), Ramus, S.J. (Susan), Li, Q. (Qiyuan), Delgado, M.K. (Melissa K.), Lee, J.M. (Janet M.), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Arndt, V. (Volker), Arun, B.K. (Banu), Arver, B. (Brita Wasteson), Bandera, E.V. (Elisa), Barile, M. (Monica), Barkardottir, R.B. (Rosa B.), Barrowdale, D. (Daniel), Beckmann, M.W. (Matthias), Benítez, J. (Javier), Berchuck, A. (Andrew), Bisogna, M. (Maria), Bjorge, L. (Line), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Blot, W.J. (William), Bogdanova, N.V. (Natalia), Bojesen, A. (Anders), Bojesen, S.E. (Stig), Bolla, M.K. (Manjeet K.), Bonnani, B. (Bernardo), Borresen-Dale, A.-L. (Anne-Lise), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brennan, P. (Paul), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Bruinsma, F. (Fiona), Brunet, J. (Joan), Buhari, S.A.B.S. (Shaik Ahmad Bin Syed), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Butzow, R. (Ralf), Buys, S.S. (Saundra), Cai, Q. (Qiuyin), Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Campbell, I. (Ian), Canniotto, R. (Rikki), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Chiquette, J. (Jocelyne), Choi, J.-Y. (Ji-Yeob), Claes, K.B.M. (Kathleen B.M.), Cook, L.S. (Linda S.), Cox, A. (Angela), Cramer, D.W. (Daniel), Cross, S.S. (Simon), Cybulski, C. (Cezary), Czene, K. (Kamila), Daly, M.B. (Mary B.), Damiola, F. (Francesca), Dansonka-Mieszkowska, A. (Agnieszka), Darabi, H. (Hatef), Dennis, J. (Joe), Devilee, P. (Peter), Díez, O. (Orland), Doherty, J.A. (Jennifer A.), Domchek, S.M. (Susan), Dorfling, C.M. (Cecilia), Dörk, T. (Thilo), Dumont, M. (Martine), Ehrencrona, H. (Hans), Ejlertsen, B. (Bent), Ellis, S.D. (Steve), Engel, C. (Christoph), Lee, E. (Eunjung), Evans, D.G. (D. Gareth), Fasching, P.A. (Peter), Feliubadaló, L. (L.), Figueroa, J.D. (Jonine), Flesch-Janys, D. (Dieter), Fletcher, O. (Olivia), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Foretova, L. (Lenka), Fostira, F. (Florentia), Foulkes, W.D. (William), Fridley, B.L. (Brooke), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Frost, D. (Debra), Gambino, G. (Gaetana), Ganz, P.A. (Patricia A.), Garber, J. (Judy), García-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Gentry-Maharaj, A. (Aleksandra), Ghoussaini, M. (Maya), Giles, G.G. (Graham), Glasspool, R. (Rosalind), Godwin, A.K. (Andrew K.), Goldberg, M.S. (Mark), Goldgar, D. (David), González-Neira, A. (Anna), Goode, E.L. (Ellen), Goodman, M.T. (Marc), Greene, M.H. (Mark H.), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Guénel, P. (Pascal), Haiman, C.A. (Christopher A.), Hall, P. (Per), Hallberg, E. (Emily), Hamann, U. (Ute), Hansen, T.V.O. (Thomas), harrington, P. (Patricia), Hartman, J.M. (Joost), Hassan, N. (Norhashimah), Healey, S. (Sue), Heitz, P.U., Herzog, J. (Josef), Høgdall, E. (Estrid), Høgdall, C.K. (Claus), Hogervorst, F.B.L. (Frans), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Hopper, J.L. (John), Hulick, P.J. (Peter), Huzarski, T. (Tomasz), Imyanitov, E.N. (Evgeny), Isaacs, C. (Claudine), Ito, H. (Hidemi), Jakubowska, A. 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(Jonathan), Ramus, S.J. (Susan), Li, Q. (Qiyuan), Delgado, M.K. (Melissa K.), Lee, J.M. (Janet M.), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Arndt, V. (Volker), Arun, B.K. (Banu), Arver, B. (Brita Wasteson), Bandera, E.V. (Elisa), Barile, M. (Monica), Barkardottir, R.B. (Rosa B.), Barrowdale, D. (Daniel), Beckmann, M.W. (Matthias), Benítez, J. (Javier), Berchuck, A. (Andrew), Bisogna, M. (Maria), Bjorge, L. (Line), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Blot, W.J. (William), Bogdanova, N.V. (Natalia), Bojesen, A. (Anders), Bojesen, S.E. (Stig), Bolla, M.K. (Manjeet K.), Bonnani, B. (Bernardo), Borresen-Dale, A.-L. (Anne-Lise), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brennan, P. (Paul), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Bruinsma, F. (Fiona), Brunet, J. (Joan), Buhari, S.A.B.S. (Shaik Ahmad Bin Syed), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Butzow, R. (Ralf), Buys, S.S. (Saundra), Cai, Q. (Qiuyin), Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Campbell, I. (Ian), Canniotto, R. (Rikki), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Chiquette, J. (Jocelyne), Choi, J.-Y. (Ji-Yeob), Claes, K.B.M. (Kathleen B.M.), Cook, L.S. (Linda S.), Cox, A. (Angela), Cramer, D.W. (Daniel), Cross, S.S. (Simon), Cybulski, C. (Cezary), Czene, K. (Kamila), Daly, M.B. (Mary B.), Damiola, F. (Francesca), Dansonka-Mieszkowska, A. (Agnieszka), Darabi, H. (Hatef), Dennis, J. (Joe), Devilee, P. (Peter), Díez, O. (Orland), Doherty, J.A. (Jennifer A.), Domchek, S.M. (Susan), Dorfling, C.M. (Cecilia), Dörk, T. (Thilo), Dumont, M. (Martine), Ehrencrona, H. (Hans), Ejlertsen, B. (Bent), Ellis, S.D. (Steve), Engel, C. (Christoph), Lee, E. (Eunjung), Evans, D.G. (D. Gareth), Fasching, P.A. (Peter), Feliubadaló, L. (L.), Figueroa, J.D. (Jonine), Flesch-Janys, D. (Dieter), Fletcher, O. (Olivia), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Foretova, L. (Lenka), Fostira, F. (Florentia), Foulkes, W.D. (William), Fridley, B.L. (Brooke), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Frost, D. (Debra), Gambino, G. (Gaetana), Ganz, P.A. (Patricia A.), Garber, J. (Judy), García-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Gentry-Maharaj, A. (Aleksandra), Ghoussaini, M. (Maya), Giles, G.G. (Graham), Glasspool, R. (Rosalind), Godwin, A.K. (Andrew K.), Goldberg, M.S. (Mark), Goldgar, D. (David), González-Neira, A. (Anna), Goode, E.L. (Ellen), Goodman, M.T. (Marc), Greene, M.H. (Mark H.), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Guénel, P. (Pascal), Haiman, C.A. (Christopher A.), Hall, P. (Per), Hallberg, E. (Emily), Hamann, U. (Ute), Hansen, T.V.O. (Thomas), harrington, P. (Patricia), Hartman, J.M. (Joost), Hassan, N. (Norhashimah), Healey, S. (Sue), Heitz, P.U., Herzog, J. (Josef), Høgdall, E. (Estrid), Høgdall, C.K. (Claus), Hogervorst, F.B.L. (Frans), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Hopper, J.L. (John), Hulick, P.J. (Peter), Huzarski, T. (Tomasz), Imyanitov, E.N. (Evgeny), Isaacs, C. (Claudine), Ito, H. (Hidemi), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Janavicius, R. (Ramunas), Jensen, A. (Allan), John, E.M. (Esther), Johnson, N. (Nichola), Kabisch, M. (Maria), Kang, D. (Daehee), Kapuscinski, M.K. (Miroslav K.), Karlan, B.Y. (Beth Y.), Khan, S. (Sofia), Kiemeney, L.A.L.M. (Bart), Kjaer, M. (Michael), Knight, J.A. (Julia), Konstantopoulou, I. (I.), Kosma, V-M. (Veli-Matti), Kristensen, V. (Vessela), Kupryjanczyk, J. (Jolanta), Kwong, A. (Ava), Hoya, M. (Miguel) de La, Laitman, Y. (Yael), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Le, N.D. (Nhu D.), De Leeneer, K. (Kim), Lester, K.J. (Kathryn), Levine, D.A. (Douglas), Li, J. (Jingmei), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Long, J. (Jirong), Lophatananon, A. (Artitaya), Loud, J.T. (Jennifer), Lu, K.H. (Karen), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Margolin, S. (Sara), Marme, F. (Frederick), Massuger, L.F. (Leon), Matsuo, K. (Keitaro), Mazoyer, S. (Sylvie), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), McLean, C.A. (Catriona Ann), McNeish, I. (Iain), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Menon, U. (Usha), Mensenkamp, A.R. (Arjen R.), Milne, R.L. (Roger), Montagna, M. (Marco), Moysich, K.B. (Kirsten), Muir, K.R. (K.), Mulligan, A.-M. 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(N.), Whittemore, A.S. (Alice), Wildiers, H. (Hans), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Wu, A.H. (Anna), Yannoukakos, D. (Drakoulis), Yoon, S.-Y. (Sook-Yee), Yu, J-C. (Jyh-Cherng), Zheng, W. (Wei), Zheng, Y. (Ying), Khanna, K.K. (Kum Kum), Simard, J. (Jacques), Monteiro, A.N.A. (Alvaro N.), French, J.D. (Juliet), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Freedman, M. (Matthew), Easton, D.F. (Douglas F.), Dunning, A.M. (Alison), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul), Edwards, S.L. (Stacey), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Antoniou, A.C. (Antonis), Gayther, S.A. (Simon), Bowtell, D. (David), DeFazio, A. (Anna), Webb, P. (Penny), Collonge-Rame, M.-A., Damette, A. (Alexandre), Barouk-Simonet, E. (Emmanuelle), Bonnet, F. (Françoise), Bubien, V. (Virginie), Sevenet, N. (Nicolas), Longy, M. (Michel), Berthet, P. (Pascaline), Vaur, D. (Dominique), Castera, L. (Laurent), Ferrer, S.F., Bignon, Y.-J. (Yves-Jean), Uhrhammer, N. (Nancy), Coron, F. (Fanny), Faivre, L. (Laurence), Baurand, A. (Amandine), Jacquot, C. (Caroline), Bertolone, G. 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(J.) de, Wijnands, R., Collée, J.M. (Margriet), Hooning, M.J. (Maartje), Seynaeve, C., Deurzen, C.H.M. (Carolien) van, Obdeijn, A.I.M. (Inge-Marie), Asperen, C.J. (Christi) van, Tollenaar, R.A.E.M. (Rob), Cronenburg, T.C.T.E.F. van, Kets, C.M. (Marleen), Ausems, M.G.E.M. (Margreet), Pol, C. (Carmen) van der, Os, T.A.M. (Theo) van, Waisfisz, Q. (Quinten), Meijers-Heijboer, E.J. (Hanne), Gómez García, E.B. (Encarna), Oosterwijk, J.C. (Jan), Mourits, M.J. (Marjan), Bock, G.H. (Geertruida) de, Vasen, H. (Hans), Siesling, S., Verloop, J., Overbeek, L.I.H. (Lucy), Fox, S.B. (Stephen), Kirk, J. (Judy), Lindeman, G.J. (Geoffrey), and Price, M. (Melanie)
Abstract: A locus at 19p13 is associated with breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) risk. Here we analyse 438 SNPs in this region in 46,451 BC and 15,438 OC cases, 15,252 BRCA1 mutation carriers and 73,444 controls and identify 13 candidate causal SNPs associated with serous OC (P=9.2 × 10-20), ER-negative BC (P=1.1 × 10-13), BRCA1-associated BC (P=7.7 × 10-16) and triple negative BC (P-diff=2 × 10-5). Genotype-gene expression associations are identified for candidate target genes ANKLE1 (P=2 × 10-3) and ABHD8 (P<2 × 10-3). Chromosome conformation capture identifies interactions between four candidate SNPs and ABHD8, and luciferase assays indicate six risk alleles increased transactivation of the ADHD8 promoter. Targeted deletion of a region containing risk SNP rs56069439 in a putative enhancer induces ANKLE1 downregulation; and mRNA stability assays indicate functional effects for an ANKLE1 3′-UTR SNP. Altogether, these data suggest that multiple SNPs at 19p13 regulate ABHD8 and perhaps ANKLE1 expression, and indicate common mechanisms underlying breast and ovarian cancer risk.
Published: 2016
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42. BRCA2 Polymorphic Stop Codon K3326X and the Risk of Breast, Prostate, and Ovarian Cancers

Author: Meeks, H.D. (Huong D.), Song, H. (Honglin), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Bolla, M.K. (Manjeet), Dennis, J. (Joe), Wang, Q. (Qing), Barrowdale, D. (Daniel), Frost, D. (Debra), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Ellis, S.D. (Steve), Feng, B. (Bingjian), Buys, S.S. (Saundra), Hopper, J.L. (John), Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Tesoriero, A. (Andrea), James, M. (Margaret), Bruinsma, F. (Fiona), Campbell, I. (Ian), Broeks, A. (Annegien), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), Hogervorst, F.B.L. (Frans), Beckmann, M.W. (Matthias), Fasching, P.A. (Peter), Fletcher, O. (Olivia), Johnson, N. (Nichola), Sawyer, E.J. (Elinor), Riboli, E. (Elio), Banerjee, S. (Susana), Menon, U. (Usha), Tomlinson, I. (Ian), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Hamann, U. (Ute), Marme, F. (Federick), Rudolph, A. (Anja), Janavicius, R. (Ramunas), Tihomirova, L. (Laima), Tung, N. (Nadine), Garber, J. (Judy), Cramer, D. (Daniel), Terry, K.L. (Kathryn), Poole, E.M. (Elizabeth), Tworoger, S. (Shelley), Dorfling, C.M. (Cecilia), Rensburg, E.J. (Elizabeth) van, Godwin, A.K. (Andrew K.), Guénel, P. (Pascal), Truong, T. (Thérèse), Stoppa-Lyonnet, D. (Dominique), Damiola, F. (Francesca), Mazoyer, S. (Sylvie), Sinilnikova, O. (Olga), Isaacs, C. (Claudine), Maugard, C., Bojesen, S.E. (Stig), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Gerdes, A-M. (Anne-Marie), Hansen, T.V.O. (Thomas), Jensen, A. (Allen), Kjaer, M. (Michael), Høgdall, C.K. (Claus), Høgdall, E. (Estrid), Pedersen, I.S. (Inge Sokilde), Thomassen, M. (Mads), Benítez, J. (Javier), González-Neira, A. (Anna), Osorio, A. (Ana), Hoya, M.D.L. (Miguel De La), Segura, P.P. (Pedro Perez), Díez, O. (Orland), Lázaro, C. (Conxi), Brunet, J. (Joan), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Eunjung, L. (Lee), John, E.M. (Esther), Neuhausen, S.L. (Susan), Ding, Y.C. (Yuan), Castillo, D. (Danielle), Weitzel, J.N. (Jeffrey), Ganz, P.A. (Patricia A.), Nussbaum, R. (Robert), Chan, S. (Salina), Karlan, B.Y. (Beth Y.), Lester, K.J. (Kathryn), Wu, A. (Anna), Gayther, S.A. (Simon), Ramus, S.J. (Susan), Sieh, W. (Weiva), Whittermore, A.S. (Alice S.), Monteiro, A.N.A. (Alvaro N.A.), Phelan, C. (Catherine), Terry, M.B. (Mary Beth), Piedmonte, M. (Marion), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Robson, M. (Mark), Levine, D.A. (Douglas), Moysich, K.B. (Kirsten B.), Cannioto, R. (Rikki), Olson, S.H. (Sara), Daly, M.B. (Mary B.), Nathanson, K.L. (Katherine), Domchek, S.M. (Susan), Lu, K.H. (Karen), Liang, D. (Dong), Hildebrant, M.A.T. (Michelle A.T.), Ness, R.B. (Roberta), Modugno, F. (Francesmary), Pearce, L. (Leigh), Goodman, M.T. (Marc T.), Thompson, P.J. (Pamela J.), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Butterbach, K. (Katja), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Hahnen, E. (Eric), Wapenschmidt, B. (Barbara), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brüning, T. (Thomas), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Khan, S. (Sofia), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Pelttari, L.M. (Liisa), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Butzow, R. (Ralf), Bogdanova, N.V. (Natalia), Dörk, T. (Thilo), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Margolin, S. (Sara), Rantala, J. (Johanna), Kosma, V-M. (Veli-Matti), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Neven, P. (Patrick), Claes, K.B.M. (Kathleen B.M.), Van Maerken, T. (Tom), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Flesch-Janys, D. (Dieter), Heitz, P.U., Varon-Mateeva, R. (Raymonda), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Radice, P. (Paolo), Viel, A. (Alessandra), Barile, M. (Monica), Peissel, B. (Bernard), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Montagna, M. (Marco), Oliani, C. (Cristina), Peixoto, A. (Ana), Teixeira, P.J., Collavoli, A. (Anita), Hallberg, B. (Boubou), Olson, J.E. (Janet), Goode, E.L. (Ellen L.), Hart, S.N. (Steven N.), Shimelis, H. (Hermela), Cunningham, J.M. (Julie), Giles, G.G. (Graham), Milne, R.L. (Roger), Healey, S. (Sue), Tucker, K. (Kathy), Haiman, C.A. (Christopher A.), Henderson, B.E. (Brian), Goldberg, M.S. (Mark), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Simard, J. (Jacques), Soucy, P. (Penny), Eccles, D. (Diana), Le, N. (Nhu), Borresen-Dale, A.-L. (Anne-Lise), Kristensen, V. (Vessela), Salvesen, H.B. (Helga), Bjorge, L. (Line), Bandera, E.V. (Elisa), Risch, H. (Harvey), Zheng, W. (Wei), Beeghly-Fadiel, A. (Alicia), Cai, H. (Hui), Pykäs, K. (Katri), Tollenaar, R.A.E.M. (Rob), Ouweland, A.M.W. (Ans) van den, Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Knight, J.A. (Julia A.), Narod, S. (Steven), Devilee, P. (Peter), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Figueroa, J.D. (Jonine), Greene, M.H. (Mark H.), Mai, P.L. (Phuong), Loud, J.T. (Jennifer), García-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Schoemaker, M. (Minouk), Czene, K. (Kamila), Darabi, H. (Hatef), McNeish, I. (Iain), Siddiquil, N. (Nadeem), Glasspool, R. (Rosalind), Kwong, A. (Ava), Park, S.K. (Sue K.), Teo, S.-H. (Soo-Hwang), Yoon, S.-Y. (Sook-Yee), Matsuo, K. (Keitaro), Hosono, N. (Naoya), Woo, Y.L. (Yin Ling), Gao, Y. (Ying), Foretova, L. (Lenka), Singer, C.F. (Christian), Rappaport-Feurhauser, C. (Christine), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Laitman, Y. (Yael), Rennert, G. (Gad), Imyanitov, E.N. (Evgeny), Hulick, P.J. (Peter), Olopade, O.I. (Olufunmilayo I.), Senter, L. (Leigha), Olah, E. (Edith), Doherty, J.A. (Jennifer A.), Schildkraut, J.M. (Joellen), Koppert, L.B. (Linetta), Kiemeney, L.A.L.M. (Bart), Massuger, L.F. (Leon), Cook, L.S. (Linda S.), Pejovic, T. (Tanja), Li, J. (Jingmei), Borg, Å. (Åke), Öfverholm, A. (Anna), Rossing, M.A. (Mary Anne), Wentzensen, N. (N.), Henriksson, K. (Karin), Cox, A. (Angela), Cross, S.S. (Simon), Pasini, B. (Barbara), Shah, M. (Mitul), Kabisch, M. (Maria), Torres, D. (Diana), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Agnarsson, B.A. (Bjarni), Kupryjanczyk, J. (Jolanta), Moes-Sosnowska, J. (Joanna), Fostira, F. (Florentia), Konstantopoulou, I. (I.), Slager, S. (Susan), Jones, M. (Michael), Antoniou, A.C. (Antonis), Berchuck, A. (Andrew), Swerdlow, A.J. (Anthony ), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Dunning, A.M. (Alison), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul), Hall, P. (Per), Easton, D.F. (Douglas F.), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Spurdle, A.B. (Amanda), Goldgar, D. (David), Meeks, H.D. (Huong D.), Song, H. (Honglin), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Bolla, M.K. (Manjeet), Dennis, J. (Joe), Wang, Q. (Qing), Barrowdale, D. (Daniel), Frost, D. (Debra), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Ellis, S.D. (Steve), Feng, B. (Bingjian), Buys, S.S. (Saundra), Hopper, J.L. (John), Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Tesoriero, A. (Andrea), James, M. (Margaret), Bruinsma, F. (Fiona), Campbell, I. (Ian), Broeks, A. (Annegien), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), Hogervorst, F.B.L. (Frans), Beckmann, M.W. (Matthias), Fasching, P.A. (Peter), Fletcher, O. (Olivia), Johnson, N. (Nichola), Sawyer, E.J. (Elinor), Riboli, E. (Elio), Banerjee, S. (Susana), Menon, U. (Usha), Tomlinson, I. (Ian), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Hamann, U. (Ute), Marme, F. (Federick), Rudolph, A. (Anja), Janavicius, R. (Ramunas), Tihomirova, L. (Laima), Tung, N. (Nadine), Garber, J. (Judy), Cramer, D. (Daniel), Terry, K.L. (Kathryn), Poole, E.M. (Elizabeth), Tworoger, S. (Shelley), Dorfling, C.M. (Cecilia), Rensburg, E.J. (Elizabeth) van, Godwin, A.K. (Andrew K.), Guénel, P. (Pascal), Truong, T. (Thérèse), Stoppa-Lyonnet, D. (Dominique), Damiola, F. (Francesca), Mazoyer, S. (Sylvie), Sinilnikova, O. (Olga), Isaacs, C. (Claudine), Maugard, C., Bojesen, S.E. (Stig), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Gerdes, A-M. (Anne-Marie), Hansen, T.V.O. (Thomas), Jensen, A. (Allen), Kjaer, M. (Michael), Høgdall, C.K. (Claus), Høgdall, E. (Estrid), Pedersen, I.S. (Inge Sokilde), Thomassen, M. (Mads), Benítez, J. (Javier), González-Neira, A. (Anna), Osorio, A. (Ana), Hoya, M.D.L. (Miguel De La), Segura, P.P. (Pedro Perez), Díez, O. (Orland), Lázaro, C. (Conxi), Brunet, J. (Joan), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Eunjung, L. (Lee), John, E.M. (Esther), Neuhausen, S.L. (Susan), Ding, Y.C. (Yuan), Castillo, D. (Danielle), Weitzel, J.N. (Jeffrey), Ganz, P.A. (Patricia A.), Nussbaum, R. (Robert), Chan, S. (Salina), Karlan, B.Y. (Beth Y.), Lester, K.J. (Kathryn), Wu, A. (Anna), Gayther, S.A. (Simon), Ramus, S.J. (Susan), Sieh, W. (Weiva), Whittermore, A.S. (Alice S.), Monteiro, A.N.A. (Alvaro N.A.), Phelan, C. (Catherine), Terry, M.B. (Mary Beth), Piedmonte, M. (Marion), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Robson, M. (Mark), Levine, D.A. (Douglas), Moysich, K.B. (Kirsten B.), Cannioto, R. (Rikki), Olson, S.H. (Sara), Daly, M.B. (Mary B.), Nathanson, K.L. (Katherine), Domchek, S.M. (Susan), Lu, K.H. (Karen), Liang, D. (Dong), Hildebrant, M.A.T. (Michelle A.T.), Ness, R.B. (Roberta), Modugno, F. (Francesmary), Pearce, L. (Leigh), Goodman, M.T. (Marc T.), Thompson, P.J. (Pamela J.), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Butterbach, K. (Katja), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Hahnen, E. (Eric), Wapenschmidt, B. (Barbara), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brüning, T. (Thomas), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Khan, S. (Sofia), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Pelttari, L.M. (Liisa), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Butzow, R. (Ralf), Bogdanova, N.V. (Natalia), Dörk, T. (Thilo), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Margolin, S. (Sara), Rantala, J. (Johanna), Kosma, V-M. (Veli-Matti), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Neven, P. (Patrick), Claes, K.B.M. (Kathleen B.M.), Van Maerken, T. (Tom), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Flesch-Janys, D. (Dieter), Heitz, P.U., Varon-Mateeva, R. (Raymonda), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Radice, P. (Paolo), Viel, A. (Alessandra), Barile, M. (Monica), Peissel, B. (Bernard), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Montagna, M. (Marco), Oliani, C. (Cristina), Peixoto, A. (Ana), Teixeira, P.J., Collavoli, A. (Anita), Hallberg, B. (Boubou), Olson, J.E. (Janet), Goode, E.L. (Ellen L.), Hart, S.N. (Steven N.), Shimelis, H. (Hermela), Cunningham, J.M. (Julie), Giles, G.G. (Graham), Milne, R.L. (Roger), Healey, S. (Sue), Tucker, K. (Kathy), Haiman, C.A. (Christopher A.), Henderson, B.E. (Brian), Goldberg, M.S. (Mark), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Simard, J. (Jacques), Soucy, P. (Penny), Eccles, D. (Diana), Le, N. (Nhu), Borresen-Dale, A.-L. (Anne-Lise), Kristensen, V. (Vessela), Salvesen, H.B. (Helga), Bjorge, L. (Line), Bandera, E.V. (Elisa), Risch, H. (Harvey), Zheng, W. (Wei), Beeghly-Fadiel, A. (Alicia), Cai, H. (Hui), Pykäs, K. (Katri), Tollenaar, R.A.E.M. (Rob), Ouweland, A.M.W. (Ans) van den, Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Knight, J.A. (Julia A.), Narod, S. (Steven), Devilee, P. (Peter), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Figueroa, J.D. (Jonine), Greene, M.H. (Mark H.), Mai, P.L. (Phuong), Loud, J.T. (Jennifer), García-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Schoemaker, M. (Minouk), Czene, K. (Kamila), Darabi, H. (Hatef), McNeish, I. (Iain), Siddiquil, N. (Nadeem), Glasspool, R. (Rosalind), Kwong, A. (Ava), Park, S.K. (Sue K.), Teo, S.-H. (Soo-Hwang), Yoon, S.-Y. (Sook-Yee), Matsuo, K. (Keitaro), Hosono, N. (Naoya), Woo, Y.L. (Yin Ling), Gao, Y. (Ying), Foretova, L. (Lenka), Singer, C.F. (Christian), Rappaport-Feurhauser, C. (Christine), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Laitman, Y. (Yael), Rennert, G. (Gad), Imyanitov, E.N. (Evgeny), Hulick, P.J. (Peter), Olopade, O.I. (Olufunmilayo I.), Senter, L. (Leigha), Olah, E. (Edith), Doherty, J.A. (Jennifer A.), Schildkraut, J.M. (Joellen), Koppert, L.B. (Linetta), Kiemeney, L.A.L.M. (Bart), Massuger, L.F. (Leon), Cook, L.S. (Linda S.), Pejovic, T. (Tanja), Li, J. (Jingmei), Borg, Å. (Åke), Öfverholm, A. (Anna), Rossing, M.A. (Mary Anne), Wentzensen, N. (N.), Henriksson, K. (Karin), Cox, A. (Angela), Cross, S.S. (Simon), Pasini, B. (Barbara), Shah, M. (Mitul), Kabisch, M. (Maria), Torres, D. (Diana), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Agnarsson, B.A. (Bjarni), Kupryjanczyk, J. (Jolanta), Moes-Sosnowska, J. (Joanna), Fostira, F. (Florentia), Konstantopoulou, I. (I.), Slager, S. (Susan), Jones, M. (Michael), Antoniou, A.C. (Antonis), Berchuck, A. (Andrew), Swerdlow, A.J. (Anthony ), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Dunning, A.M. (Alison), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul), Hall, P. (Per), Easton, D.F. (Douglas F.), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Spurdle, A.B. (Amanda), and Goldgar, D. (David)
Abstract: Background: The K3326X variant in BRCA2 (BRCA2∗c.9976A>T p.Lys3326∗rs11571833) has been found to be associated with small increased risks of breast cancer. However, it is not clear to what extent linkage disequilibrium with fully pathogenic mutations might account for this association. There is scant information about the effect of K3326X in other hormonerelated cancers. Methods: Using weighted logistic regression, we analyzed data from the large iCOGS study including 76637 cancer case patients and 83796 control patients to estimate odds ratios (ORw) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for K3326X variant carriers in relation to breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer risks, with weights defined as probability of not having a pathogenic BRCA2 variant. Using Cox proportional hazards modeling, we also examined the associations of K3326X with breast and ovarian cancer risks among 7183 BRCA1 variant carriers. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: The K3326X variant was associated with breast (ORw = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.17 to 1.40, P = 5.9×10-6) and invasive ovarian cancer (ORw = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.43, P = 3.8×10-3). These associations were stronger for serous ovarian cancer and for estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer (ORw = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.2 to 1.70, P = 3.4×10-5 and ORw = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.28 to
Published: 2016
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43. Association of breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers with genetic variants showing differential allelic expression: identification of a modifier of breast cancer risk at locus 11q22.3

Author: Hamdi, Y. (Yosr), Soucy, P. (Penny), Kuchenbaeker, K.B. (Karoline B.), Pastinen, T. (Tomi), Droit, A. (Arnaud), Lemaçon, A. (Audrey), Adlard, J.W. (Julian), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Arason, A. (Adalgeir), Arnold, N. (Norbert), Arun, B.K. (Banu), Azzollini, J., Bane, A.L. (Anita L.), Barjhoux, L. (Laure), Barrowdale, D. (Daniel), Benítez, J. (Javier), Berthet, P. (Pascaline), Blok, M.J. (Marinus), Bobolis, K.A. (Kristie A.), Bonadona, V. (Valérie), Bonnani, B. (Bernardo), Bradbury, A.R. (Angela R.), Brewer, C. (Carole), Buecher, B. (Bruno), Buys, S.S. (Saundra S.), Caligo, M.A. (Maria), Chiquette, J. (Jocelyne), Chung, W. (Wendy), Claes, K.B.M. (Kathleen B.M.), Daly, M.B. (Mary B.), Damiola, F. (Francesca), Davidson, R. (Rosemarie), Hoya, M. (Miguel) de La, De Leeneer, K. (Kim), Díez, O. (Orland), Ding, Y.C. (Yuan), Dolcetti, R. (Riccardo), Domchek, S.M. (Susan), Dorfling, C.M. (Cecilia), Eccles, D. (Diana), Eeles, R. (Ros), Einbeigi, Z. (Zakaria), Ejlertsen, B. (Bent), EMBRACE, Engel, C. (Christoph), Gareth Evans, D., Feliubadaló, L. (L.), Foretova, L. (Lenka), Fostira, F. (Florentia), Foulkes, W.D. (William D.), Fountzilas, G. (George), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Frost, D. (Debra), Ganschow, P. (Pamela), Ganz, P.A. (Patricia A.), Garber, J. (Judy), Gayther, S.A. (Simon), GEMO Study Collaborators, Gerdes, A-M. (Anne-Marie), Glendon, G. (Gord), Godwin, A.K. (Andrew K.), Goldgar, D. (David), Greene, M.H. (Mark H.), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Hahnen, E. (Eric), Hamann, U. (Ute), Hansen, T.V.O. (Thomas), Hart, S. (Stewart), Hays, J. (John), HEBON, Hogervorst, F.B.L. (Frans), Hulick, P.J. (Peter), Imyanitov, E.N. (Evgeny), Isaacs, C. (Claudine), Izatt, L. (Louise), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), James, M. (Margaret), Janavicius, R. (Ramunas), Jensen, U.B., John, E.M. (Esther), Joseph, V. (Vijai), Just, W. (Walter), Kaczmarek, K. (Katarzyna), Karlan, B.Y. (Beth Y.), KConFab Investigators, Kets, C.M. (Marleen), Kirk, J. (Judy), Kriege, M. (Mieke), Laitman, Y. (Yael), Laurent, M. (Maïté), Lázaro, C. (Conxi), Leslie, G. (Goska), Lester, K.J. (Kathryn), Lesueur, F. (Fabienne), Liljegren, A. (Annelie), Loman, N. (Niklas), Loud, J.T. (Jennifer), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Mariani, M. (Milena), Mazoyer, S. (Sylvie), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Meijers-Heijboer, E.J. (Hanne), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Miller, A. (Austin), Montagna, M. (Marco), Mulligan, A.-M. (Anna-Marie), Nathanson, K.L. (Katherine), Neuhausen, S.L. (Susan), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Nussbaum, R.L. (Robert L.), Olah, E. (Edith), Olopade, O.I. (Olufunmilayo I.), Ong, K.-R. (Kai-Ren), Oosterwijk, J.C. (Jan), Osorio, A. (Ana), Papi, L. (Laura), Park, S.K. (Sue K.), Pedersen, I.S. (Inge Sokilde), Peissel, B. (Bernard), Segura, P.P. (Pedro Perez), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Phelan, C. (Catherine), Radice, P. (Paolo), Rantala, J. (Johanna), Rappaport-Fuerhauser, C. (Christine), Rennert, G. (Gad), Richardson, A.L. (Andrea), Robson, M. (Mark), Rodriguez, G.C. (Gustavo), Rookus, M.A. (Matti), Schmutzler, R.K. (Rita), Sevenet, N. (Nicolas), Shah, P.D. (Payal D.), Singer, C.F. (Christian), Slavin, T.P. (Thomas P.), Snape, K. (Katie), Sokolowska, J. (Johanna), Sønderstrup, I.M.H. (Ida Marie Heeholm), Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Spurdle, A.B. (Amanda), Stadler, Z. (Zsofia), Stoppa-Lyonnet, D. (Dominique), Sukiennicki, G. (Grzegorz), Sutter, C. (Christian), Tan, Y. (Yen), Tea, M.-K., Teixeira, P.J., Teulé, A. (A.), Teo, S.-H. (Soo-Hwang), Terry, M.B. (Mary Beth), Thomassen, M. (Mads), Tihomirova, L. (Laima), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Tognazzo, S. (Silvia), Toland, A.E. (Amanda), Tung, N. (Nadine), Ouweland, A.M.W. (Ans) van den, Luijt, R.B. (Rob) van der, Engelen, K. (Klaartje) van, Rensburg, E.J. (Elizabeth) van, Varon-Mateeva, R. (Raymonda), Wapenschmidt, B. (Barbara), Wijnen, J.T. (Juul), Rebbeck, R. (Timothy), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Couch, F.J. (Fergus J.), Nord, S. (Silje), Easton, D.F. (Douglas F.), Antoniou, A.C. (Antonis), Simard, J. (Jacques), Hamdi, Y. (Yosr), Soucy, P. (Penny), Kuchenbaeker, K.B. (Karoline B.), Pastinen, T. (Tomi), Droit, A. (Arnaud), Lemaçon, A. (Audrey), Adlard, J.W. (Julian), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Arason, A. (Adalgeir), Arnold, N. (Norbert), Arun, B.K. (Banu), Azzollini, J., Bane, A.L. (Anita L.), Barjhoux, L. (Laure), Barrowdale, D. (Daniel), Benítez, J. (Javier), Berthet, P. (Pascaline), Blok, M.J. (Marinus), Bobolis, K.A. (Kristie A.), Bonadona, V. (Valérie), Bonnani, B. (Bernardo), Bradbury, A.R. (Angela R.), Brewer, C. (Carole), Buecher, B. (Bruno), Buys, S.S. (Saundra S.), Caligo, M.A. (Maria), Chiquette, J. (Jocelyne), Chung, W. (Wendy), Claes, K.B.M. (Kathleen B.M.), Daly, M.B. (Mary B.), Damiola, F. (Francesca), Davidson, R. (Rosemarie), Hoya, M. (Miguel) de La, De Leeneer, K. (Kim), Díez, O. (Orland), Ding, Y.C. (Yuan), Dolcetti, R. (Riccardo), Domchek, S.M. (Susan), Dorfling, C.M. (Cecilia), Eccles, D. (Diana), Eeles, R. (Ros), Einbeigi, Z. (Zakaria), Ejlertsen, B. (Bent), EMBRACE, Engel, C. (Christoph), Gareth Evans, D., Feliubadaló, L. (L.), Foretova, L. (Lenka), Fostira, F. (Florentia), Foulkes, W.D. (William D.), Fountzilas, G. (George), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Frost, D. (Debra), Ganschow, P. (Pamela), Ganz, P.A. (Patricia A.), Garber, J. (Judy), Gayther, S.A. (Simon), GEMO Study Collaborators, Gerdes, A-M. (Anne-Marie), Glendon, G. (Gord), Godwin, A.K. (Andrew K.), Goldgar, D. (David), Greene, M.H. (Mark H.), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Hahnen, E. (Eric), Hamann, U. (Ute), Hansen, T.V.O. (Thomas), Hart, S. (Stewart), Hays, J. (John), HEBON, Hogervorst, F.B.L. (Frans), Hulick, P.J. (Peter), Imyanitov, E.N. (Evgeny), Isaacs, C. (Claudine), Izatt, L. (Louise), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), James, M. (Margaret), Janavicius, R. (Ramunas), Jensen, U.B., John, E.M. (Esther), Joseph, V. (Vijai), Just, W. (Walter), Kaczmarek, K. (Katarzyna), Karlan, B.Y. (Beth Y.), KConFab Investigators, Kets, C.M. (Marleen), Kirk, J. (Judy), Kriege, M. (Mieke), Laitman, Y. (Yael), Laurent, M. (Maïté), Lázaro, C. (Conxi), Leslie, G. (Goska), Lester, K.J. (Kathryn), Lesueur, F. (Fabienne), Liljegren, A. (Annelie), Loman, N. (Niklas), Loud, J.T. (Jennifer), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Mariani, M. (Milena), Mazoyer, S. (Sylvie), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Meijers-Heijboer, E.J. (Hanne), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Miller, A. (Austin), Montagna, M. (Marco), Mulligan, A.-M. (Anna-Marie), Nathanson, K.L. (Katherine), Neuhausen, S.L. (Susan), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Nussbaum, R.L. (Robert L.), Olah, E. (Edith), Olopade, O.I. (Olufunmilayo I.), Ong, K.-R. (Kai-Ren), Oosterwijk, J.C. (Jan), Osorio, A. (Ana), Papi, L. (Laura), Park, S.K. (Sue K.), Pedersen, I.S. (Inge Sokilde), Peissel, B. (Bernard), Segura, P.P. (Pedro Perez), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Phelan, C. (Catherine), Radice, P. (Paolo), Rantala, J. (Johanna), Rappaport-Fuerhauser, C. (Christine), Rennert, G. (Gad), Richardson, A.L. (Andrea), Robson, M. (Mark), Rodriguez, G.C. (Gustavo), Rookus, M.A. (Matti), Schmutzler, R.K. (Rita), Sevenet, N. (Nicolas), Shah, P.D. (Payal D.), Singer, C.F. (Christian), Slavin, T.P. (Thomas P.), Snape, K. (Katie), Sokolowska, J. (Johanna), Sønderstrup, I.M.H. (Ida Marie Heeholm), Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Spurdle, A.B. (Amanda), Stadler, Z. (Zsofia), Stoppa-Lyonnet, D. (Dominique), Sukiennicki, G. (Grzegorz), Sutter, C. (Christian), Tan, Y. (Yen), Tea, M.-K., Teixeira, P.J., Teulé, A. (A.), Teo, S.-H. (Soo-Hwang), Terry, M.B. (Mary Beth), Thomassen, M. (Mads), Tihomirova, L. (Laima), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Tognazzo, S. (Silvia), Toland, A.E. (Amanda), Tung, N. (Nadine), Ouweland, A.M.W. (Ans) van den, Luijt, R.B. (Rob) van der, Engelen, K. (Klaartje) van, Rensburg, E.J. (Elizabeth) van, Varon-Mateeva, R. (Raymonda), Wapenschmidt, B. (Barbara), Wijnen, J.T. (Juul), Rebbeck, R. (Timothy), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Couch, F.J. (Fergus J.), Nord, S. (Silje), Easton, D.F. (Douglas F.), Antoniou, A.C. (Antonis), and Simard, J. (Jacques)
Abstract: Purpose: Cis-acting regulatory SNPs resulting in differential allelic expression (DAE) may, in part, explain the underlying phenotypic variation associated with many complex diseases. To investigate whether common variants associated with DAE were involved in breast cancer susceptibility among BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, a list of 175 genes was developed based of their involvement in cancer-related pathways. Methods: Using data from a genome-wide map of SNPs associated with allelic expression, we assessed the association of ~320 SNPs located in the vicinity of these genes with breast and ovarian cancer risks in 15,252 BRCA1 and 8211 BRCA2 mutation carriers ascertained from 54 studies participating in the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2. Results: We identified a region on 11q22.3 that is significantly associated with breast cancer risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers (most significant SNP rs228595 p = 7 × 10−6). This association was absent in BRCA2 carriers (p = 0.57). The 11q22.3 region notably encompasses genes such as ACAT1, NPAT, and ATM. Expression quantitative trait loci associations were observed in both normal breast and tumors across this region, namely for ACAT1, ATM, and other genes. In silico analysis revealed some overlap between top risk-associated SNPs and relevant biological features in mammary cell data, which suggests potential functional significance. Conclusion: We identified 11q22.3 as a new modifier locus in BRCA1 carriers. Replication in larger studies using estrogen receptor (ER)-negative or triple-negative (i.e., ER-, progesterone receptor-, and HER2-negative) cases could therefore be helpful to confirm the association of
Published: 2016
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44. Identification of four novel susceptibility loci for oestrogen receptor negative breast cancer

Author: Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Kuchenbaecker, K.B. (Karoline), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Mendoza-Fandino, G.A. (Gustavo A.), Nord, S. (Silje), Lilyquist, J. (Janna), Olswold, C. (Curtis), Hallberg, B. (Boubou), Agata, S. (Simona), Ahsan, H. (Habibul), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Ambrosone, C.B. (Christine), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Arndt, V. (Volker), Arun, B.K. (Banu), Arver, B. (Brita Wasteson), Barile, M. (Monica), Barkardottir, R.B. (Rosa), Barrowdale, D. (Daniel), Beckmann, L. (Lars), Beckmann, M.W. (Matthias), Benítez, J. (Javier), Blank, S.V. (Stephanie), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Bogdanova, N.V. (Natalia), Bojesen, S.E. (Stig), Bolla, M.K. (Manjeet), Bonnani, B. (Bernardo), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Buys, S.S. (Saundra S.), Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Caligo, M.A. (Maria), Canzian, F. (Federico), Carpenter, T.A. (Adrian), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Chanock, S.J. (Stephen J.), Chung, W.K. (Wendy K.), Claes, K.B.M. (Kathleen B.M.), Cox, A. (Angela), Cross, S.S. (Simon), Cunningham, J.M. (Julie), Czene, K. (Kamila), Daly, M.B. (Mary B.), Damiola, F. (Francesca), Darabi, H. (Hatef), Hoya, M. (Miguel) de La, Devilee, P. (Peter), Díez, O. (Orland), Ding, Y.C. (Yuan), Dolcetti, R. (Riccardo), Domchek, S.M. (Susan), Dorfling, C.M. (Cecilia), Santos Silva, I. (Isabel) dos, Dumont, M. (Martine), Dunning, A.M. (Alison), Eccles, D. (Diana), Ehrencrona, H. (Hans), Ekici, A.B. (Arif), Eliassen, H. (Heather), Ellis, S.D. (Steve), Fasching, P.A. (Peter), Figueroa, J.D. (Jonine), Flesch-Janys, D. (Dieter), Försti, A. (Asta), Fostira, F. (Florentia), Foulkes, W.D. (William), Friebel, M.O.W. (Mark ), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Frost, D. (Debra), Gabrielson, M. (Marike), Gammon, M. (Marilie), Ganz, P.A. (Patricia A.), Gapstur, S.M. (Susan M.), Garber, J. (Judy), Gaudet, M.M. (Mia), Gayther, S.A. (Simon), Gerdes, A-M. (Anne-Marie), Ghoussaini, M. (Maya), Giles, G.G. (Graham), Glendon, G. (Gord), Godwin, A.K. (Andrew K.), Goldberg, M.S. (Mark), Goldgar, D. (David), González-Neira, A. (Anna), Greene, M.H. (Mark H.), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Guénel, P. (Pascal), Gunter, M.J. (Marc J.), Haeberle, L. (Lothar), Haiman, C.A. (Christopher A.), Hamann, U. (Ute), Hansen, T.V.O. (Thomas), Hart, S. (Stewart), Healey, S. (Sue), Heikkinen, T. (Tuomas), Henderson, B.E. (Brian), Herzog, J. (Josef), Hogervorst, F.B.L. (Frans), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Hooning, M.J. (Maartje), Hoover, R.N. (Robert), Hopper, J.L. (John), Humphreys, K. (Keith), Hunter, D. (David), Huzarski, T. (Tomasz), Imyanitov, E.N. (Evgeny N.), Isaacs, C. (Claudine), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), James, M. (Margaret), Janavicius, R. (Ramunas), Jensen, U.B., John, E.M. (Esther), Jones, M. (Michael), Kabisch, M. (Maria), Kar, S. (Siddhartha), Karlan, B.Y. (Beth Y.), Khan, S. (Sofia), Khaw, K.T., Kibriya, M.G. (Muhammad), Knight, J.A. (Julia), Ko, Y.-D. (Yon-Dschun), Konstantopoulou, I. (I.), Kosma, V-M. (Veli-Matti), Kristensen, V. (Vessela), Kwong, A. (Ava), Laitman, Y. (Yael), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Lázaro, C. (Conxi), Lee, E. (Eunjung), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Lester, K.J. (Kathryn), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Lindor, N.M. (Noralane), Lindstrom, S. (Stephen), Liu, J. (Jianjun), Long, J. (Jirong), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Mai, P.L. (Phuong), Makalic, E. (Enes), Malone, K.E. (Kathleen E.), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Margolin, S. (Sara), Marme, F. (Federick), Martens, J.W.M. (John), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Miller, A. (Austin), Milne, R.L. (Roger), Miron, P. (Penelope), Montagna, M. (Marco), Mazoyer, S. (Sylvie), Mulligan, A.-M. (Anna-Marie), Muranen, T.A. (Taru), Nathanson, K.L. (Katherine), Neuhausen, S.L. (Susan), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Nordestgaard, B.G. (Børge), Nussbaum, R. (Robert), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Olah, E., Olopade, O.I. (Olufunmilayo I.), Olson, J.E. (Janet), Osorio, A. (Ana), Park, S.K. (Sue K.), Peeters, P.H.M., Peissel, B. (Bernard), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Peto, J. (Julian), Phelan, C. (Catherine), Pilarski, R. (Robert), Poppe, B. (Bruce), Pykäs, K. (Katri), Radice, P. (Paolo), Rahman, N. (Nazneen), Rantala, J. (Johanna), Rappaport, C. (Christine), Rennert, G. (Gad), Richardson, A.L. (Andrea), Robson, M. (Mark), Romieu, I. (Isabelle), Rudolph, A. (Anja), Rutgers, E.J.T. (Emiel), Sanchez, M.-J. (Maria-Jose), Santella, R. (Regina), Sawyer, E.J. (Elinor), Schmidt, D.F. (Daniel), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), Schmutzler, R.K. (Rita), Schumacher, F.R. (Fredrick), Scott, R.J. (Rodney), Senter, L. (Leigha), Sharma, P. (Priyanka), Simard, J. (Jacques), Singer, C.F. (Christian), Sinilnikova, O. (Olga), Soucy, P. (Penny), Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Steinemann, D. (Doris), Stenmark-Askmalm, M. (Marie), Stoppa-Lyonnet, D. (Dominique), Swerdlow, A.J. (Anthony ), Szabo, C. (Csilla), Tamimi, R. (Rulla), Tapper, W. (William), Teixeira, P.J., Teo, S.-H. (Soo-Hwang), Terry, M.B. (Mary Beth), Thomassen, M. (Mads), Thompson, D. (Deborah), Tihomirova, L. (Laima), Toland, A.E. (Amanda), Tollenaar, R.A.E.M. (Rob), Tomlinson, I.P. (Ian), Truong, T. (Thérèse), Tsimiklis, H. (Helen), Teulé, A. (A.), Tumino, R. (Rosario), Tung, N. (Nadine), Turnbull, C. (Clare), Ursin, G. (Giski), Deurzen, C.H.M. (Carolien) van, Rensburg, E.J. (Elizabeth) van, Varon-Mateeva, R. (Raymonda), Wang, Z. (Zhaoming), Wang-Gohrke, S. (Shan), Weiderpass, E. (Elisabete), Weitzel, J.N. (Jeffrey), Whittemore, A.S. (Alice S.), Wildiers, H. (Hans), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Yang, X.R. (Xiaohong R.), Yannoukakos, D. (Drakoulis), Yao, S. (Song), Zamora, M.P. (Pilar), Zheng, W. (Wei), Hall, P. (Per), Kraft, P. (Peter), Vachon, C. (Celine), Slager, S. (Susan), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul), Monteiro, A.A.N. (Alvaro A. N.), García-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Easton, D.F. (Douglas F.), Antoniou, A.C. (Antonis), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Kuchenbaecker, K.B. (Karoline), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Mendoza-Fandino, G.A. (Gustavo A.), Nord, S. (Silje), Lilyquist, J. (Janna), Olswold, C. (Curtis), Hallberg, B. (Boubou), Agata, S. (Simona), Ahsan, H. (Habibul), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Ambrosone, C.B. (Christine), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Anton-Culver, H. (Hoda), Arndt, V. (Volker), Arun, B.K. (Banu), Arver, B. (Brita Wasteson), Barile, M. (Monica), Barkardottir, R.B. (Rosa), Barrowdale, D. (Daniel), Beckmann, L. (Lars), Beckmann, M.W. (Matthias), Benítez, J. (Javier), Blank, S.V. (Stephanie), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Bogdanova, N.V. (Natalia), Bojesen, S.E. (Stig), Bolla, M.K. (Manjeet), Bonnani, B. (Bernardo), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Buys, S.S. (Saundra S.), Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Caligo, M.A. (Maria), Canzian, F. (Federico), Carpenter, T.A. (Adrian), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Chanock, S.J. (Stephen J.), Chung, W.K. (Wendy K.), Claes, K.B.M. (Kathleen B.M.), Cox, A. (Angela), Cross, S.S. (Simon), Cunningham, J.M. (Julie), Czene, K. (Kamila), Daly, M.B. (Mary B.), Damiola, F. (Francesca), Darabi, H. (Hatef), Hoya, M. (Miguel) de La, Devilee, P. (Peter), Díez, O. (Orland), Ding, Y.C. (Yuan), Dolcetti, R. (Riccardo), Domchek, S.M. (Susan), Dorfling, C.M. (Cecilia), Santos Silva, I. (Isabel) dos, Dumont, M. (Martine), Dunning, A.M. (Alison), Eccles, D. (Diana), Ehrencrona, H. (Hans), Ekici, A.B. (Arif), Eliassen, H. (Heather), Ellis, S.D. (Steve), Fasching, P.A. (Peter), Figueroa, J.D. (Jonine), Flesch-Janys, D. (Dieter), Försti, A. (Asta), Fostira, F. (Florentia), Foulkes, W.D. (William), Friebel, M.O.W. (Mark ), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Frost, D. (Debra), Gabrielson, M. (Marike), Gammon, M. (Marilie), Ganz, P.A. (Patricia A.), Gapstur, S.M. (Susan M.), Garber, J. (Judy), Gaudet, M.M. (Mia), Gayther, S.A. (Simon), Gerdes, A-M. (Anne-Marie), Ghoussaini, M. (Maya), Giles, G.G. (Graham), Glendon, G. (Gord), Godwin, A.K. (Andrew K.), Goldberg, M.S. (Mark), Goldgar, D. (David), González-Neira, A. (Anna), Greene, M.H. (Mark H.), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Guénel, P. (Pascal), Gunter, M.J. (Marc J.), Haeberle, L. (Lothar), Haiman, C.A. (Christopher A.), Hamann, U. (Ute), Hansen, T.V.O. (Thomas), Hart, S. (Stewart), Healey, S. (Sue), Heikkinen, T. (Tuomas), Henderson, B.E. (Brian), Herzog, J. (Josef), Hogervorst, F.B.L. (Frans), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Hooning, M.J. (Maartje), Hoover, R.N. (Robert), Hopper, J.L. (John), Humphreys, K. (Keith), Hunter, D. (David), Huzarski, T. (Tomasz), Imyanitov, E.N. (Evgeny N.), Isaacs, C. (Claudine), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), James, M. (Margaret), Janavicius, R. (Ramunas), Jensen, U.B., John, E.M. (Esther), Jones, M. (Michael), Kabisch, M. (Maria), Kar, S. (Siddhartha), Karlan, B.Y. (Beth Y.), Khan, S. (Sofia), Khaw, K.T., Kibriya, M.G. (Muhammad), Knight, J.A. (Julia), Ko, Y.-D. (Yon-Dschun), Konstantopoulou, I. (I.), Kosma, V-M. (Veli-Matti), Kristensen, V. (Vessela), Kwong, A. (Ava), Laitman, Y. (Yael), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Lázaro, C. (Conxi), Lee, E. (Eunjung), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Lester, K.J. (Kathryn), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Lindor, N.M. (Noralane), Lindstrom, S. (Stephen), Liu, J. (Jianjun), Long, J. (Jirong), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Mai, P.L. (Phuong), Makalic, E. (Enes), Malone, K.E. (Kathleen E.), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Margolin, S. (Sara), Marme, F. (Federick), Martens, J.W.M. (John), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Miller, A. (Austin), Milne, R.L. (Roger), Miron, P. (Penelope), Montagna, M. (Marco), Mazoyer, S. (Sylvie), Mulligan, A.-M. (Anna-Marie), Muranen, T.A. (Taru), Nathanson, K.L. (Katherine), Neuhausen, S.L. (Susan), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Nordestgaard, B.G. (Børge), Nussbaum, R. (Robert), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Olah, E., Olopade, O.I. (Olufunmilayo I.), Olson, J.E. (Janet), Osorio, A. (Ana), Park, S.K. (Sue K.), Peeters, P.H.M., Peissel, B. (Bernard), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Peto, J. (Julian), Phelan, C. (Catherine), Pilarski, R. (Robert), Poppe, B. (Bruce), Pykäs, K. (Katri), Radice, P. (Paolo), Rahman, N. (Nazneen), Rantala, J. (Johanna), Rappaport, C. (Christine), Rennert, G. (Gad), Richardson, A.L. (Andrea), Robson, M. (Mark), Romieu, I. (Isabelle), Rudolph, A. (Anja), Rutgers, E.J.T. (Emiel), Sanchez, M.-J. (Maria-Jose), Santella, R. (Regina), Sawyer, E.J. (Elinor), Schmidt, D.F. (Daniel), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), Schmutzler, R.K. (Rita), Schumacher, F.R. (Fredrick), Scott, R.J. (Rodney), Senter, L. (Leigha), Sharma, P. (Priyanka), Simard, J. (Jacques), Singer, C.F. (Christian), Sinilnikova, O. (Olga), Soucy, P. (Penny), Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Steinemann, D. (Doris), Stenmark-Askmalm, M. (Marie), Stoppa-Lyonnet, D. (Dominique), Swerdlow, A.J. (Anthony ), Szabo, C. (Csilla), Tamimi, R. (Rulla), Tapper, W. (William), Teixeira, P.J., Teo, S.-H. (Soo-Hwang), Terry, M.B. (Mary Beth), Thomassen, M. (Mads), Thompson, D. (Deborah), Tihomirova, L. (Laima), Toland, A.E. (Amanda), Tollenaar, R.A.E.M. (Rob), Tomlinson, I.P. (Ian), Truong, T. (Thérèse), Tsimiklis, H. (Helen), Teulé, A. (A.), Tumino, R. (Rosario), Tung, N. (Nadine), Turnbull, C. (Clare), Ursin, G. (Giski), Deurzen, C.H.M. (Carolien) van, Rensburg, E.J. (Elizabeth) van, Varon-Mateeva, R. (Raymonda), Wang, Z. (Zhaoming), Wang-Gohrke, S. (Shan), Weiderpass, E. (Elisabete), Weitzel, J.N. (Jeffrey), Whittemore, A.S. (Alice S.), Wildiers, H. (Hans), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Yang, X.R. (Xiaohong R.), Yannoukakos, D. (Drakoulis), Yao, S. (Song), Zamora, M.P. (Pilar), Zheng, W. (Wei), Hall, P. (Per), Kraft, P. (Peter), Vachon, C. (Celine), Slager, S. (Susan), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul), Monteiro, A.A.N. (Alvaro A. N.), García-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Easton, D.F. (Douglas F.), and Antoniou, A.C. (Antonis)
Abstract: Common variants in 94 loci have been associated with breast cancer including 15 loci with genome-wide significant associations (P<5 × 10-8) with oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer and BRCA1-associated breast cancer risk. In this study, to identify new ER-negative susceptibility loci, we performed a meta-analysis of 11 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) consisting of 4,939 ER-negative cases and 14,352 controls, combined with 7,333 ER-negati
Published: 2016
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45. An original phylogenetic approach identified mitochondrial haplogroup T1a1 as inversely associated with breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers

Author: Blein, S. (Sophie), Bardel, C. (Claire), Danjean, V. (Vincent), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Healey, S. (Sue), Barrowdale, D. (Daniel), Lee, A. (Andrew), Dennis, J. (Joe), Kuchenbaecker, K.B. (Karoline), Soucy, P. (Penny), Terry, M.B. (Mary Beth), Chung, W. (Wendy), Goldgar, D. (David), Buys, S.S. (Saundra), Janavicius, R. (Ramunas), Tihomirova, L. (Laima), Tung, N. (Nadine), Dorfling, C.M. (Cecilia), Rensburg, E.J. (Elizabeth) van, Neuhausen, S.L. (Susan), Ding, Y.C. (Yuan), Gerdes, A-M. (Anne-Marie), Ejlertsen, B. (Bent), Nielsen, F. (Finn), Hansen, T.V.O. (Thomas), Osorio, A. (Ana), Benítez, J. (Javier), Conejero, R.A. (Raquel Andrés), Segota, E. (Ena), Weitzel, J.N. (Jeffrey), Thelander, M. (Margo), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Radice, P. (Paolo), Pensotti, V. (Valeria), Dolcetti, R. (Riccardo), Bonnani, B. (Bernardo), Peissel, B. (Bernard), Zaffaroni, D. (D.), Scuvera, G. (Giulietta), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Varesco, L. (Liliana), Capone, G.L. (Gabriele L.), Papi, L. (Laura), Ottini, L. (Laura), Yannoukakos, D. (Drakoulis), Konstantopoulou, I. (I.), Garber, J. (Judy), Hamann, U. (Ute), Donaldson, A. (Alan), Brady, A. (A.), Brewer, C. (Carole), Foo, C. (Claire), Evans, D.G. (Gareth), Frost, D. (Debra), Eccles, D. (Diana), Douglas, F. (Fiona), Cook, J. (Jackie), Adlard, L., Barwell, J. (Julian), Walker, L.J. (Lisa), Izatt, L. (Louise), Side, L. (Lucy), Kennedy, M.J. (John), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Rogers, M.T. (Mark), Porteous, M.E. (Mary), Morrison, P.J. (Patrick), Platte, R. (Radka), Eeles, R. (Ros), Davidson, R. (Rosemarie), Hodgson, S. (Shirley), Cole, T.J. (Trevor), Godwin, A.K. (Andrew), Isaacs, C. (Claudine), Claes, K.B.M. (Kathleen B.M.), De Leeneer, K. (Kim), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Gehrig, P.A. (Paola A.), Wapenschmidt, B. (Barbara), Sutter, C. (Christian), Engel, C. (Christoph), Niederacher, D. (Dieter), Steinemann, D. (Doris), Plendl, H. (Hansjoerg), Kast, K. (Karin), Rhiem, K. (Kerstin), Ditsch, N. (Nina), Arnold, N. (Norbert), Varon-Mateeva, R. (Raymonda), Schmutzler, R.K. (Rita), Preisler-Adams, S. (Sabine), Markov, N.B. (Nadja Bogdanova), Wang-Gohrke, S. (Shan), Pauw, A. (Antoine) de, Lefol, C. (Cédrick), Lasset, C. (Christine), Leroux, D. (Dominique), Rouleau, E. (Etienne), Damiola, F. (Francesca), Dreyfus, H. (Hélène), Barjhoux, L. (Laure), Golmard, L. (Lisa), Uhrhammer, N. (Nancy), Bonadona, V. (Valérie), Sornin, V. (Valérie), Bignon, Y.-J. (Yves-Jean), Carter, J. (Jonathan), Le, L. (Linda) van, Piedmonte, M. (Marion), DiSilvestro, P. (Paul), Hoya, M. (Miguel) de La, Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Jager, A. (Agnes), Ouweland, A.M.W. (Ans) van den, Kets, C.M. (Marleen), Aalfs, C.M. (Cora), Leeuwen, F.E. (Flora) van, Hogervorst, F.B.L. (Frans), Meijers-Heijboer, E.J. (Hanne), Oosterwijk, J.C. (Jan), Roozendaal, K.E. (Kees) van, Rookus, M.A. (M.), Devilee, P. (Peter), Luijt, R.B. (Rob) van der, Olah, E., Díez, O. (Orland), Teulé, A. (A.), Lázaro, C. (Conxi), Blanco, I. (Ignacio), Del Valle, J. (Jesús), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Sukiennicki, G. (Grzegorz), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Durda, K. (Katarzyna), Jaworska-Bieniek, K. (Katarzyna), Agnarsson, B.A. (Bjarni), Maugard, C., Amadori, A. (Alberto), Montagna, M. (Marco), Teixeira, P.J., Spurdle, A.B. (Amanda), Foulkes, W.D. (William), Olswold, C. (Curtis), Lindor, N.M. (Noralane), Pankratz, V.S. (Shane), Szabo, C. (Csilla), Lincoln, A. (Anne), Jacobs, L. (Lauren), Corines, M. (Marina), Robson, M. (Mark), Vijai, J. (Joseph), Berger, A. (Andreas), Fink-Retter, A. (Anneliese), Singer, C.F. (Christian), Rappaport, C. (Christine), Kaulich, D.G. (Daphne Gschwantler), Pfeiler, G. (Georg), Tea, M.-K., Greene, M.H. (Mark), Mai, P.L. (Phuong), Rennert, G. (Gad), Imyanitov, E.N. (Evgeny), Mulligan, A.M. (Anna Marie), Glendon, G. (Gord), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Tchatchou, S. (Sandrine), Toland, A.E. (Amanda), Pedersen, I.S. (Inge Sokilde), Thomassen, M. (Mads), Kruse, T.A. (Torben), Jensen, U.B., Caligo, M.A. (Maria), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Zidan, J. (Jamal), Laitman, Y. (Yael), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Melin, B. (Beatrice), Arver, B. (Brita Wasteson), Loman, N. (Niklas), Rosenquist, R. (R.), Olopade, O.I. (Olofunmilayo), Nussbaum, R. (Robert), Ramus, S.J. (Susan), Nathanson, K.L. (Katherine), Domchek, S.M. (Susan), Rebbeck, R. (Timothy), Arun, B.K. (Banu), Mitchell, G. (Gillian), Karlan, B.Y. (Beth), Lester, K.J. (Kathryn), Orsulic, S. (Sandra), Stoppa-Lyonnet, D. (Dominique), Thomas, G. (Gilles), Simard, J. (Jacques), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Antoniou, A.C. (Antonis), Mazoyer, S. (Sylvie), Phelan, C. (Catherine), Sinilnikova, O. (Olga), Cox, D.G. (David), Blein, S. (Sophie), Bardel, C. (Claire), Danjean, V. (Vincent), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Healey, S. (Sue), Barrowdale, D. (Daniel), Lee, A. (Andrew), Dennis, J. (Joe), Kuchenbaecker, K.B. (Karoline), Soucy, P. (Penny), Terry, M.B. (Mary Beth), Chung, W. (Wendy), Goldgar, D. (David), Buys, S.S. (Saundra), Janavicius, R. (Ramunas), Tihomirova, L. (Laima), Tung, N. (Nadine), Dorfling, C.M. (Cecilia), Rensburg, E.J. (Elizabeth) van, Neuhausen, S.L. (Susan), Ding, Y.C. (Yuan), Gerdes, A-M. (Anne-Marie), Ejlertsen, B. (Bent), Nielsen, F. (Finn), Hansen, T.V.O. (Thomas), Osorio, A. (Ana), Benítez, J. (Javier), Conejero, R.A. (Raquel Andrés), Segota, E. (Ena), Weitzel, J.N. (Jeffrey), Thelander, M. (Margo), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Radice, P. (Paolo), Pensotti, V. (Valeria), Dolcetti, R. (Riccardo), Bonnani, B. (Bernardo), Peissel, B. (Bernard), Zaffaroni, D. (D.), Scuvera, G. (Giulietta), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Varesco, L. (Liliana), Capone, G.L. (Gabriele L.), Papi, L. (Laura), Ottini, L. (Laura), Yannoukakos, D. (Drakoulis), Konstantopoulou, I. (I.), Garber, J. (Judy), Hamann, U. (Ute), Donaldson, A. (Alan), Brady, A. (A.), Brewer, C. (Carole), Foo, C. (Claire), Evans, D.G. (Gareth), Frost, D. (Debra), Eccles, D. (Diana), Douglas, F. (Fiona), Cook, J. (Jackie), Adlard, L., Barwell, J. (Julian), Walker, L.J. (Lisa), Izatt, L. (Louise), Side, L. (Lucy), Kennedy, M.J. (John), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Rogers, M.T. (Mark), Porteous, M.E. (Mary), Morrison, P.J. (Patrick), Platte, R. (Radka), Eeles, R. (Ros), Davidson, R. (Rosemarie), Hodgson, S. (Shirley), Cole, T.J. (Trevor), Godwin, A.K. (Andrew), Isaacs, C. (Claudine), Claes, K.B.M. (Kathleen B.M.), De Leeneer, K. (Kim), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Gehrig, P.A. (Paola A.), Wapenschmidt, B. (Barbara), Sutter, C. (Christian), Engel, C. (Christoph), Niederacher, D. (Dieter), Steinemann, D. (Doris), Plendl, H. (Hansjoerg), Kast, K. (Karin), Rhiem, K. (Kerstin), Ditsch, N. (Nina), Arnold, N. (Norbert), Varon-Mateeva, R. (Raymonda), Schmutzler, R.K. (Rita), Preisler-Adams, S. (Sabine), Markov, N.B. (Nadja Bogdanova), Wang-Gohrke, S. (Shan), Pauw, A. (Antoine) de, Lefol, C. (Cédrick), Lasset, C. (Christine), Leroux, D. (Dominique), Rouleau, E. (Etienne), Damiola, F. (Francesca), Dreyfus, H. (Hélène), Barjhoux, L. (Laure), Golmard, L. (Lisa), Uhrhammer, N. (Nancy), Bonadona, V. (Valérie), Sornin, V. (Valérie), Bignon, Y.-J. (Yves-Jean), Carter, J. (Jonathan), Le, L. (Linda) van, Piedmonte, M. (Marion), DiSilvestro, P. (Paul), Hoya, M. (Miguel) de La, Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Jager, A. (Agnes), Ouweland, A.M.W. (Ans) van den, Kets, C.M. (Marleen), Aalfs, C.M. (Cora), Leeuwen, F.E. (Flora) van, Hogervorst, F.B.L. (Frans), Meijers-Heijboer, E.J. (Hanne), Oosterwijk, J.C. (Jan), Roozendaal, K.E. (Kees) van, Rookus, M.A. (M.), Devilee, P. (Peter), Luijt, R.B. (Rob) van der, Olah, E., Díez, O. (Orland), Teulé, A. (A.), Lázaro, C. (Conxi), Blanco, I. (Ignacio), Del Valle, J. (Jesús), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Sukiennicki, G. (Grzegorz), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Durda, K. (Katarzyna), Jaworska-Bieniek, K. (Katarzyna), Agnarsson, B.A. (Bjarni), Maugard, C., Amadori, A. (Alberto), Montagna, M. (Marco), Teixeira, P.J., Spurdle, A.B. (Amanda), Foulkes, W.D. (William), Olswold, C. (Curtis), Lindor, N.M. (Noralane), Pankratz, V.S. (Shane), Szabo, C. (Csilla), Lincoln, A. (Anne), Jacobs, L. (Lauren), Corines, M. (Marina), Robson, M. (Mark), Vijai, J. (Joseph), Berger, A. (Andreas), Fink-Retter, A. (Anneliese), Singer, C.F. (Christian), Rappaport, C. (Christine), Kaulich, D.G. (Daphne Gschwantler), Pfeiler, G. (Georg), Tea, M.-K., Greene, M.H. (Mark), Mai, P.L. (Phuong), Rennert, G. (Gad), Imyanitov, E.N. (Evgeny), Mulligan, A.M. (Anna Marie), Glendon, G. (Gord), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Tchatchou, S. (Sandrine), Toland, A.E. (Amanda), Pedersen, I.S. (Inge Sokilde), Thomassen, M. (Mads), Kruse, T.A. (Torben), Jensen, U.B., Caligo, M.A. (Maria), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Zidan, J. (Jamal), Laitman, Y. (Yael), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Melin, B. (Beatrice), Arver, B. (Brita Wasteson), Loman, N. (Niklas), Rosenquist, R. (R.), Olopade, O.I. (Olofunmilayo), Nussbaum, R. (Robert), Ramus, S.J. (Susan), Nathanson, K.L. (Katherine), Domchek, S.M. (Susan), Rebbeck, R. (Timothy), Arun, B.K. (Banu), Mitchell, G. (Gillian), Karlan, B.Y. (Beth), Lester, K.J. (Kathryn), Orsulic, S. (Sandra), Stoppa-Lyonnet, D. (Dominique), Thomas, G. (Gilles), Simard, J. (Jacques), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Antoniou, A.C. (Antonis), Mazoyer, S. (Sylvie), Phelan, C. (Catherine), Sinilnikova, O. (Olga), and Cox, D.G. (David)
Abstract: Introduction: Individuals carrying pathogenic mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have a high lifetime risk of breast cancer. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are involved in DNA double-strand break repair, DNA alterations that can be caused by exposure to reactive oxygen species, a main source of which are mitochondria. Mitochondrial genome variations affect electron transport chain efficiency and reactive oxygen species production. Individuals with different mitochondrial haplogroups differ in their metabolism and sensitivity to oxidative stress. Variability in mitochondrial genetic background can alter reactive oxygen species production, leading to cancer risk. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial haplogroups modify breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Methods: We genotyped 22,214 (11,421 affected, 10,793 unaffected) mutation carriers belonging to the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 for 129 mitochondrial polymorphisms using the iCOGS array. Haplogroup inference and association detection were performed using a phylogenetic approach. ALTree was applied to explore the reference mitochondrial evolutionary tree and detect subclades enriched in affected or unaffected individuals. Results: We discovered that subclade T1a1 was depleted in affected BRCA2 mutation carriers compared with the rest of clade T (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34 to 0.88; P = 0.01). Compared with the most frequent haplogroup in the general population (that is, H and T clades), the T1a1 haplogroup has a HR of 0.62 (95% CI, 0.40 to 0.95; P = 0.03). We also identified three potential susceptibility loci, including G13708A/rs28359178, which has demonstrated an inverse association with familial breast cancer risk. Conclusion
Published: 2015
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46. Association of type and location of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations with risk of breast and ovarian cancer

Author: Rebbeck, R. (Timothy), Mitra, N. (Nandita), Wan, F. (Fei), Sinilnikova, O. (Olga), Healey, S. (Sue), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Antoniou, A.C. (Antonis), Nathanson, K.L. (Katherine), Laitman, Y. (Yael), Kushnir, A. (Anya), Paluch-Shimon, S. (Shani), Berger, R. (Raanan), Zidan, J. (Jamal), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Ehrencrona, H. (Hans), Stenmark-Askmalm, M. (Marie), Einbeigi, Z. (Zakaria), Loman, N. (Niklas), Harbst, K. (Katja), Rantala, J. (Johanna), Melin, B. (Beatrice), Huo, D. (Dezheng), Olopade, O.I. (Olofunmilayo), Seldon, J.L. (Joyce), Ganz, P.A. (Patricia), Nussbaum, R.L. (Robert L.), Chan, S. (Salina), Odunsi, K. (Kunle), Gayther, S.A. (Simon), Domchek, S.M. (Susan), Arun, B.K. (Banu), Lu, K.H. (Karen), Mitchell, G. (Gillian), Karlan, B.Y. (Beth), Walsh, C.S. (Christine), Lester, K.J. (Kathryn), Godwin, A.K. (Andrew), Pathak, S.S., Ross, E.B. (Eric), Daly, M.J. (Mark), Whittemore, A.S. (Alice), John, E.M. (Esther), Miron, A. (Alexander), Terry, M.B. (Mary Beth), Chung, W.K. (Wendy K.), Goldgar, D. (David), Buys, S.S. (Saundra), Janavicius, R. (Ramunas), Tihomirova, L. (Laima), Tung, N. (Nadine), Dorfling, C.M. (Cecilia), Rensburg, E.J. (Elizabeth) van, Steele, L. (Linda), Neuhausen, S.L. (Susan), Ding, Y.C. (Yuan), Ejlertsen, B. (Bent), Gerdes, A-M. (Anne-Marie), Hansen, T.V.O. (Thomas), Ramon Y Cajal, T., Osorio, A. (Ana), Benítez, J. (Javier), Godino, J. (Javier), Tejada, M.I., Duran, M. (Mercedes), Weitzel, J.N. (Jeffrey), Bobolis, K.A. (Kristie A.), Sand, S.R. (Sharon), Fontaine, A. (Annette), Savarese, A. (Antonella), Pasini, B. (Barbara), Peissel, B. (Bernard), Bonnani, B. (Bernardo), Zaffaroni, D. (Daniela), Vignolo-Lutati, F. (Francesca), Scuvera, G. (Giulietta), Giannini, G. (Giuseppe), Bernard, L. (Loris), Genuardi, M. (Maurizio), Radice, P. (Paolo), Dolcetti, R. (Riccardo), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Pensotti, V. (Valeria), Gismondi, V. (Viviana), Yannoukakos, D. (Drakoulis), Fostira, F. (Florentia), Garber, J. (Judy), Torres, D. (Diana), Rashid, M.U. (Muhammad), Hamann, U. (Ute), Peock, S. (Susan), Frost, D. (Debra), Platte, R. (Radka), Evans, D.G. (Gareth), Eeles, R. (Rosalind), Davidson, R. (Rosemarie), Eccles, D. (Diana), Cole, T. (Trevor), Cook, J. (Jackie), Brewer, C. (Carole), Hodgson, S. (Shirley), Morrison, P.J. (Patrick), Walker, L.J. (Lisa), Porteous, M.E. (Mary), Kennedy, M.J. (John), Izatt, L. (Louise), Adlard, L., Donaldson, A. (Alan), Ellis, S.D. (Steve), Sharma, P. (Priyanka), Schmutzler, R.K. (Rita), Wapenschmidt, B. (Barbara), Becker, A. (Alexandra), Rhiem, K. (Kerstin), Hahnen, E. (Eric), Engel, C. (Christoph), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Engert, S. (Stefanie), Ditsch, N. (Nina), Arnold, N. (Norbert), Plendl, H. (Hansjoerg), Mundhenke, C. (Christoph), Niederacher, D. (Dieter), Fleisch, M.C. (Markus), Sutter, C. (Christian), Bartram, C.R. (Claus), Dikow, N. (Nicola), Wang-Gohrke, S. (Shan), Gadzicki, D. (Dorothea), Steinemann, D. (Doris), Kast, K. (Karin), Beer, M. (Marit), Varon-Mateeva, R. (Raymonda), Gehrig, P.A. (Paola A.), Weber, B.H.F. (Bernhard), Stoppa-Lyonnet, D. (Dominique), Belotti, M. (Muriel), Gauthier-Villars, M. (Marion), Damiola, F. (Francesca), Boutry-Kryza, N. (N.), Lasset, C. (Christine), Sobol, H. (Hagay), Peyrat, J.-P., Muller, D.W. (Danièle), Fricker, J.P. (Jean Pierre), Collonge-Rame, M.-A., Mortemousque, I. (Isabelle), Nogues, C. (Catherine), Rouleau, E. (Etienne), Isaacs, C. (Claudine), Paepe, A. (Anne) de, Poppe, B. (Bruce), Claes, K. (Kathleen), De Leeneer, K. (Kim), Piedmonte, M. (Marion), Rodriguez, G. (Gustavo), Wakely, K. (Katie), Boggess, J.F. (John), Blank, S.V. (Stephanie), Basil, J. (Jack), Azodi, M. (Masoud), Phillips, K.-A. (Kelly-Anne), Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Hoya, M. (Miguel) de La, Romero, A. (Atocha), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Hout, A.H. (Annemarie) van der, Hogervorst, F.B.L. (Frans), Verhoef, S., Collée, J.M. (Margriet), Seynaeve, C.M. (Caroline), Oosterwijk, J.C. (Jan), Gille, J.J. (Johan), Wijnen, J.T. (Juul), Gómez García, E.B. (Encarna), Kets, C.M. (Marleen), Ausems, M.G.E.M. (Margreet), Aalfs, C.M. (Cora), Devilee, P. (Peter), Mensenkamp, A.R. (Arjen), Kwong, A. (Ava), Olah, E., Papp, J. (Janos), Díez, O. (Orland), Lázaro, C. (Conxi), Darder, E. (Esther), Blanco, I. (Ignacio), Salinas, M., Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Jaworska-Bieniek, K. (Katarzyna), Durda, K. (Katarzyna), Sukiennicki, G. (Grzegorz), Huzarski, T. (Tomasz), Byrski, T. (Tomasz), Cybulski, C. (Cezary), Toloczko-Grabarek, A. (Aleksandra), Złowocka-Perłowska, E. (Elzbieta), Menkiszak, J. (Janusz), Arason, A. (Adalgeir), Barkardottir, R.B. (Rosa), Simard, J. (Jacques), Laframboise, R. (Rachel), Montagna, M. (Marco), Agata, S. (Simona), Alducci, E. (Elisa), Peixoto, A. (Ana), Teixeira, P.J., Spurdle, A.B. (Amanda), Lee, M.H. (Min Hyuk), Park, S.K. (Sue), Kim, S.-W. (Sung-Won), Friebel, M.O.W. (Mark ), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Lindor, N.M. (Noralane), Pankratz, V.S. (Shane), Guidugli, L. (Lucia), Wang, X. (Xianshu), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Foretova, L. (Lenka), Vijai, J. (Joseph), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Robson, M. (Mark), Rau-Murthy, R. (Rohini), Kauff, N. (Noah), Fink-Retter, A. (Anneliese), Singer, C.F. (Christian), Rappaport, C. (Christine), Gschwantler-Kaulich, D. (Daphne), Pfeiler, G. (Georg), Tea, M.-K., Berger, A. (Andreas), Greene, M.H. (Mark), Mai, P.L. (Phuong), Imyanitov, E.N. (Evgeny), Toland, A.E. (Amanda), Senter, L. (Leigha), Bojesen, A. (Anders), Pedersen, I.S. (Inge Sokilde), Skytte, A.-B. (Anne-Bine), Sunde, L. (Lone), Thomassen, M. (Mads), Moeller, S.T. (Sanne Traasdahl), Kruse, T.A. (Torben), Jensen, U.B., Caligo, M.A. (Maria), Aretini, P. (Paolo), Teo, S.-H. (Soo-Hwang), Selkirk, C.G. (Christina), Hulick, P.J. (Peter), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Rebbeck, R. (Timothy), Mitra, N. (Nandita), Wan, F. (Fei), Sinilnikova, O. (Olga), Healey, S. (Sue), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Antoniou, A.C. (Antonis), Nathanson, K.L. (Katherine), Laitman, Y. (Yael), Kushnir, A. (Anya), Paluch-Shimon, S. (Shani), Berger, R. (Raanan), Zidan, J. (Jamal), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Ehrencrona, H. (Hans), Stenmark-Askmalm, M. (Marie), Einbeigi, Z. (Zakaria), Loman, N. (Niklas), Harbst, K. (Katja), Rantala, J. (Johanna), Melin, B. (Beatrice), Huo, D. (Dezheng), Olopade, O.I. (Olofunmilayo), Seldon, J.L. (Joyce), Ganz, P.A. (Patricia), Nussbaum, R.L. (Robert L.), Chan, S. (Salina), Odunsi, K. (Kunle), Gayther, S.A. (Simon), Domchek, S.M. (Susan), Arun, B.K. (Banu), Lu, K.H. (Karen), Mitchell, G. (Gillian), Karlan, B.Y. (Beth), Walsh, C.S. (Christine), Lester, K.J. (Kathryn), Godwin, A.K. (Andrew), Pathak, S.S., Ross, E.B. (Eric), Daly, M.J. (Mark), Whittemore, A.S. (Alice), John, E.M. (Esther), Miron, A. (Alexander), Terry, M.B. (Mary Beth), Chung, W.K. (Wendy K.), Goldgar, D. (David), Buys, S.S. (Saundra), Janavicius, R. (Ramunas), Tihomirova, L. (Laima), Tung, N. (Nadine), Dorfling, C.M. (Cecilia), Rensburg, E.J. (Elizabeth) van, Steele, L. (Linda), Neuhausen, S.L. (Susan), Ding, Y.C. (Yuan), Ejlertsen, B. (Bent), Gerdes, A-M. (Anne-Marie), Hansen, T.V.O. (Thomas), Ramon Y Cajal, T., Osorio, A. (Ana), Benítez, J. (Javier), Godino, J. (Javier), Tejada, M.I., Duran, M. (Mercedes), Weitzel, J.N. (Jeffrey), Bobolis, K.A. (Kristie A.), Sand, S.R. (Sharon), Fontaine, A. (Annette), Savarese, A. (Antonella), Pasini, B. (Barbara), Peissel, B. (Bernard), Bonnani, B. (Bernardo), Zaffaroni, D. (Daniela), Vignolo-Lutati, F. (Francesca), Scuvera, G. (Giulietta), Giannini, G. (Giuseppe), Bernard, L. (Loris), Genuardi, M. (Maurizio), Radice, P. (Paolo), Dolcetti, R. (Riccardo), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Pensotti, V. (Valeria), Gismondi, V. (Viviana), Yannoukakos, D. (Drakoulis), Fostira, F. (Florentia), Garber, J. (Judy), Torres, D. (Diana), Rashid, M.U. (Muhammad), Hamann, U. (Ute), Peock, S. (Susan), Frost, D. (Debra), Platte, R. (Radka), Evans, D.G. (Gareth), Eeles, R. (Rosalind), Davidson, R. (Rosemarie), Eccles, D. (Diana), Cole, T. (Trevor), Cook, J. (Jackie), Brewer, C. (Carole), Hodgson, S. (Shirley), Morrison, P.J. (Patrick), Walker, L.J. (Lisa), Porteous, M.E. (Mary), Kennedy, M.J. (John), Izatt, L. (Louise), Adlard, L., Donaldson, A. (Alan), Ellis, S.D. (Steve), Sharma, P. (Priyanka), Schmutzler, R.K. (Rita), Wapenschmidt, B. (Barbara), Becker, A. (Alexandra), Rhiem, K. (Kerstin), Hahnen, E. (Eric), Engel, C. (Christoph), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Engert, S. (Stefanie), Ditsch, N. (Nina), Arnold, N. (Norbert), Plendl, H. (Hansjoerg), Mundhenke, C. (Christoph), Niederacher, D. (Dieter), Fleisch, M.C. (Markus), Sutter, C. (Christian), Bartram, C.R. (Claus), Dikow, N. (Nicola), Wang-Gohrke, S. (Shan), Gadzicki, D. (Dorothea), Steinemann, D. (Doris), Kast, K. (Karin), Beer, M. (Marit), Varon-Mateeva, R. (Raymonda), Gehrig, P.A. (Paola A.), Weber, B.H.F. (Bernhard), Stoppa-Lyonnet, D. (Dominique), Belotti, M. (Muriel), Gauthier-Villars, M. (Marion), Damiola, F. (Francesca), Boutry-Kryza, N. (N.), Lasset, C. (Christine), Sobol, H. (Hagay), Peyrat, J.-P., Muller, D.W. (Danièle), Fricker, J.P. (Jean Pierre), Collonge-Rame, M.-A., Mortemousque, I. (Isabelle), Nogues, C. (Catherine), Rouleau, E. (Etienne), Isaacs, C. (Claudine), Paepe, A. (Anne) de, Poppe, B. (Bruce), Claes, K. (Kathleen), De Leeneer, K. (Kim), Piedmonte, M. (Marion), Rodriguez, G. (Gustavo), Wakely, K. (Katie), Boggess, J.F. (John), Blank, S.V. (Stephanie), Basil, J. (Jack), Azodi, M. (Masoud), Phillips, K.-A. (Kelly-Anne), Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Hoya, M. (Miguel) de La, Romero, A. (Atocha), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Hout, A.H. (Annemarie) van der, Hogervorst, F.B.L. (Frans), Verhoef, S., Collée, J.M. (Margriet), Seynaeve, C.M. (Caroline), Oosterwijk, J.C. (Jan), Gille, J.J. (Johan), Wijnen, J.T. (Juul), Gómez García, E.B. (Encarna), Kets, C.M. (Marleen), Ausems, M.G.E.M. (Margreet), Aalfs, C.M. (Cora), Devilee, P. (Peter), Mensenkamp, A.R. (Arjen), Kwong, A. (Ava), Olah, E., Papp, J. (Janos), Díez, O. (Orland), Lázaro, C. (Conxi), Darder, E. (Esther), Blanco, I. (Ignacio), Salinas, M., Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Jaworska-Bieniek, K. (Katarzyna), Durda, K. (Katarzyna), Sukiennicki, G. (Grzegorz), Huzarski, T. (Tomasz), Byrski, T. (Tomasz), Cybulski, C. (Cezary), Toloczko-Grabarek, A. (Aleksandra), Złowocka-Perłowska, E. (Elzbieta), Menkiszak, J. (Janusz), Arason, A. (Adalgeir), Barkardottir, R.B. (Rosa), Simard, J. (Jacques), Laframboise, R. (Rachel), Montagna, M. (Marco), Agata, S. (Simona), Alducci, E. (Elisa), Peixoto, A. (Ana), Teixeira, P.J., Spurdle, A.B. (Amanda), Lee, M.H. (Min Hyuk), Park, S.K. (Sue), Kim, S.-W. (Sung-Won), Friebel, M.O.W. (Mark ), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Lindor, N.M. (Noralane), Pankratz, V.S. (Shane), Guidugli, L. (Lucia), Wang, X. (Xianshu), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Foretova, L. (Lenka), Vijai, J. (Joseph), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Robson, M. (Mark), Rau-Murthy, R. (Rohini), Kauff, N. (Noah), Fink-Retter, A. (Anneliese), Singer, C.F. (Christian), Rappaport, C. (Christine), Gschwantler-Kaulich, D. (Daphne), Pfeiler, G. (Georg), Tea, M.-K., Berger, A. (Andreas), Greene, M.H. (Mark), Mai, P.L. (Phuong), Imyanitov, E.N. (Evgeny), Toland, A.E. (Amanda), Senter, L. (Leigha), Bojesen, A. (Anders), Pedersen, I.S. (Inge Sokilde), Skytte, A.-B. (Anne-Bine), Sunde, L. (Lone), Thomassen, M. (Mads), Moeller, S.T. (Sanne Traasdahl), Kruse, T.A. (Torben), Jensen, U.B., Caligo, M.A. (Maria), Aretini, P. (Paolo), Teo, S.-H. (Soo-Hwang), Selkirk, C.G. (Christina), Hulick, P.J. (Peter), and Andrulis, I.L. (Irene)
Abstract: Importance: Limited information about the relationship between specific mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) and cancer risk exists. Objective: To identify mutation-specific cancer risks for carriers of BRCA1/2. Design, Setting, and Participants: Observational study ofwomen whowere ascertained between 1937 and 2011 (median, 1999) and found to carry disease-associated BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. The international sample comprised 19 581 carriers of BRCA1 mutations and 11 900 carriers of BRCA2 mutations from 55 centers in 33 countries on 6 continents.We estimated hazard ratios for breast and ovarian cancer based on mutation type, function, and nucleotide position.We also estimated RHR, the ratio of breast vs ovarian cancer hazard ratios. A value of RHR greater than 1 indicated elevated breast cancer risk; a value of RHR less than 1 indicated elevated ovarian cancer risk. Exposures: Mutations of BRCA1 or BRCA2. Main Outcomes and Measures: Breast and ovarian cancer risks. Results: Among BRCA1 mutation carriers, 9052 women (46%) were diagnosed with breast cancer, 2317 (12%) with ovarian cancer, 1041 (5%) with breast and ovarian cancer, and 7171 (37%) without cancer. Among BRCA2 mutation carriers, 6180 women (52%) were diagnosed with breast cancer, 682 (6%) with ovarian cancer, 272 (2%) with breast and ovarian cancer, and 4766 (40%) without cancer. In BRCA1, we identified 3 breast cancer cluster regions (BCCRs) located at c.179 to c.505 (BCCR1; RHR = 1.46; 95%CI, 1.22-1.74; P = 2 × 10-6), c.4328 to c.4945 (BCCR2; RHR = 1.34; 95%CI, 1.01-1.78; P = .04), and c. 5261 to c.5563 (BCCR2', RHR = 1.38; 95%CI, 1.22-1.55; P = 6 × 10-9).We also identified an ovarian cancer cluster region (OCCR) from c.1380 to c.4062 (approximately exon 11) with RHR = 0.62 (95%CI, 0.56-0.70; P = 9 × 10-17). In BRCA2, we observed multiple BCCRs spanning c.1 to c.596 (BCCR1; RHR = 1.71; 95%CI, 1.06-2.78; P = .03), c.772 to c.1806 (BCCR1'; RHR = 1.63; 95%CI, 1.10-2.40; P = .01), and c.7394 to
Published: 2015
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47. Assessing associations between the AURKAHMMR-TPX2-TUBG1 functional module and breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers

Author: Blanco, I. (Ignacio), Kuchenbaecker, K.B. (Karoline), Cuadras, D. (Daniel), Wang, X. (Xing), Barrowdale, D. (Daniel), De Garibay, G.R. (Gorka Ruiz), Librado, P. (Pablo), Sánchez-Gracia, A. (Alejandro), Rozas, J. (Julio), Bonifaci, N. (Núria), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Pankratz, V.S. (Shane), Islam, A.B.M.M.K. (Abul), Mateo, F. (Francesca), Berenguer, A. (Antonio), Petit, A. (Anna), Català, I. (Isabel), Brunet, J. (Joan), Feliubadaló, L. (L.), Tornero, E. (Eva), Benítez, J. (Javier), Osorio, A. (Ana), Teresa, R. (Ramón), Teresa, C. (Cajal), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Arun, B.K. (Banu), Toland, A.E. (Amanda), Karlan, B.Y. (Beth), Walsh, C.S. (Christine), Lester, K.J. (Kathryn), Greene, M.H. (Mark), Mai, P.L. (Phuong), Nussbaum, R.L. (Robert L.), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Domchek, S.M. (Susan), Nathanson, K.L. (Katherine), Rebbeck, R. (Timothy), Barkardottir, R.B. (Rosa), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Durda, K. (Katarzyna), Jaworska-Bieniek, K. (Katarzyna), Claes, K. (Kathleen), Van Maerken, T. (Tom), Díez, O. (Orland), Hansen, T.V.O. (Thomas), Jønson, L. (Lars), Gerdes, A.-M. (Anne-Marie), Ejlertsen, B. (Bent), Hoya, M. (Miguel) de La, Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Dunning, A.M. (Alison), Oliver, C.T. (Clare), Fineberg, E. (Elena), Cook, M. (Margaret), Peock, S. (Susan), McCann, E. (Emma), Murray, A. (Alexandra), Jacobs, C. (Chris), Pichert, G. (Gabriella), Lalloo, F. (Fiona), Chu, C. (Carol), Dorkins, H. (Huw), Paterson, J. (Joan), Ong, K.-R. (Kai-Ren), Teixeira, M.R. (Manuel R.), Teixeira, T. (T.), Hogervorst, F.B.L. (Frans), Hout, A.H. (Annemarie) van der, Seynaeve, C.M. (Caroline), Van Der Luijt, R.B. (Rob B.), Ligtenberg, M.J. (Marjolijn), Devilee, P. (Peter), Wijnen, J.T. (Juul), Rookus, M.A. (Matti), Meijers-Heijboer, E.J. (Hanne), Blok, M.J. (Marinus), Ouweland, A.M.W. (Ans) van den, Aalfs, C.M. (Cora), Rodriguez, G.C. (Gustavo C.), Phillips, K.-A. (Kelly-Anne), Piedmonte, M. (Marion), Nerenstone, S. (Stacy), Bae-Jump, V.L. (Victoria L.), O'Malley, D.M. (David M.), Ratner, E.S. (Elena S.), Schmutzler, R.K. (Rita), Wapenschmidt, B. (Barbara), Rhiem, K. (Kerstin), Engel, C. (Christoph), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Ditsch, N. (Nina), Arnold, N. (Norbert), Plendl, H. (Hansjoerg), Niederacher, D. (Dieter), Sutter, C. (Christian), Wang-Gohrke, S. (Shan), Steinemann, D. (Doris), Preisler-Adams, S. (Sabine), Kast, K. (Karin), Varon-Mateeva, R. (Raymonda), Gehrig, P.A. (Paola A.), Bojesen, A. (Anders), Pedersen, I.S. (Inge Sokilde), Sunde, L. (Lone), Jensen, U.B., Thomassen, M. (Mads), Kruse, T.A. (Torben), Foretova, L. (Lenka), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Bernard, L. (Loris), Peissel, B. (Bernard), Scuvera, G. (Giulietta), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Radice, P. (Paolo), Ottini, L. (Laura), Montagna, M. (Marco), Agata, S. (Simona), Maugard, C., Simard, J. (Jacques), Soucy, P. (Penny), Berger, A. (Annemarie), Fink-Retter, A. (Anneliese), Singer, C.F. (Christian), Rappaport, C. (Christine), Geschwantler Kaulich, D. (Daphne), Tea, M.-K., Pfeiler, G. (Georg), John, E.M. (Esther), Miron, A. (Alexander), Neuhausen, S.L. (Susan), Terry, M.B. (Mary Beth), Chung, W.K. (Wendy K.), Daly, M.B. (Mary), Goldgar, D. (David), Janavicius, R. (Ramunas), Dorfling, C.M. (Cecilia), Rensburg, E.J. (Elizabeth) van, Fostira, F. (Florentia), Konstantopoulou, I. (I.), Garber, J., Godwin, A.K. (Andrew), Olah, E., Narod, S.A. (Steven A.), Rennert, G. (Gad), Paluch, S.S. (Shani), Laitman, Y. (Yael), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Liljegren, A. (Annelie), Rantala, J. (Johanna), Stenmark-Askmalm, M. (Marie), Loman, N. (Niklas), Imyanitov, E.N. (Evgeny), Hamann, U. (Ute), Spurdle, A.B. (Amanda), Healey, S. (Sue), Weitzel, J.N. (Jeffrey), Herzog, J. (Josef), Margileth, D. (David), Gorrini, C. (Chiara), Esteller, M. (Manel), Gómez, A. (Antonio), Sayols, S. (Sergi), Vidal, E. (Enrique), Heyn, H. (Holger), Stoppa-Lyonnet, D. (Dominique), Léone, M. (Mélanie), Barjhoux, L. (Laure), Fassy-Colcombet, M. (Marion), Pauw, A. (Antoine) de, Lasset, C. (Christine), Ferrer, S.F., Castera, L. (Laurent), Berthet, P. (Pascaline), Cornelis, F. (Franco̧is), Bignon, Y.-J. (Yves-Jean), Damiola, F. (Francesca), Mazoyer, S. (Sylvie), Sinilnikova, O. (Olga), Maxwell, C.A. (Christopher), Vijai, J. (Joseph), Robson, M. (Mark), Kauff, N. (Noah), Corines, M.J. (Marina J.), Villano, D. (Danylko), Cunningham, J.M. (Julie), Lee, A. (Adam), Lindor, N.M. (Noralane), Lázaro, C. (Conxi), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Antoniou, A.C. (Antonis C.), Pujana, M.A. (Miguel), Blanco, I. (Ignacio), Kuchenbaecker, K.B. (Karoline), Cuadras, D. (Daniel), Wang, X. (Xing), Barrowdale, D. (Daniel), De Garibay, G.R. (Gorka Ruiz), Librado, P. (Pablo), Sánchez-Gracia, A. (Alejandro), Rozas, J. (Julio), Bonifaci, N. (Núria), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Pankratz, V.S. (Shane), Islam, A.B.M.M.K. (Abul), Mateo, F. (Francesca), Berenguer, A. (Antonio), Petit, A. (Anna), Català, I. (Isabel), Brunet, J. (Joan), Feliubadaló, L. (L.), Tornero, E. (Eva), Benítez, J. (Javier), Osorio, A. (Ana), Teresa, R. (Ramón), Teresa, C. (Cajal), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Arun, B.K. (Banu), Toland, A.E. (Amanda), Karlan, B.Y. (Beth), Walsh, C.S. (Christine), Lester, K.J. (Kathryn), Greene, M.H. (Mark), Mai, P.L. (Phuong), Nussbaum, R.L. (Robert L.), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Domchek, S.M. (Susan), Nathanson, K.L. (Katherine), Rebbeck, R. (Timothy), Barkardottir, R.B. (Rosa), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Durda, K. (Katarzyna), Jaworska-Bieniek, K. (Katarzyna), Claes, K. (Kathleen), Van Maerken, T. (Tom), Díez, O. (Orland), Hansen, T.V.O. (Thomas), Jønson, L. (Lars), Gerdes, A.-M. (Anne-Marie), Ejlertsen, B. (Bent), Hoya, M. (Miguel) de La, Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Dunning, A.M. (Alison), Oliver, C.T. (Clare), Fineberg, E. (Elena), Cook, M. (Margaret), Peock, S. (Susan), McCann, E. (Emma), Murray, A. (Alexandra), Jacobs, C. (Chris), Pichert, G. (Gabriella), Lalloo, F. (Fiona), Chu, C. (Carol), Dorkins, H. (Huw), Paterson, J. (Joan), Ong, K.-R. (Kai-Ren), Teixeira, M.R. (Manuel R.), Teixeira, T. (T.), Hogervorst, F.B.L. (Frans), Hout, A.H. (Annemarie) van der, Seynaeve, C.M. (Caroline), Van Der Luijt, R.B. (Rob B.), Ligtenberg, M.J. (Marjolijn), Devilee, P. (Peter), Wijnen, J.T. (Juul), Rookus, M.A. (Matti), Meijers-Heijboer, E.J. (Hanne), Blok, M.J. (Marinus), Ouweland, A.M.W. (Ans) van den, Aalfs, C.M. (Cora), Rodriguez, G.C. (Gustavo C.), Phillips, K.-A. (Kelly-Anne), Piedmonte, M. (Marion), Nerenstone, S. (Stacy), Bae-Jump, V.L. (Victoria L.), O'Malley, D.M. (David M.), Ratner, E.S. (Elena S.), Schmutzler, R.K. (Rita), Wapenschmidt, B. (Barbara), Rhiem, K. (Kerstin), Engel, C. (Christoph), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Ditsch, N. (Nina), Arnold, N. (Norbert), Plendl, H. (Hansjoerg), Niederacher, D. (Dieter), Sutter, C. (Christian), Wang-Gohrke, S. (Shan), Steinemann, D. (Doris), Preisler-Adams, S. (Sabine), Kast, K. (Karin), Varon-Mateeva, R. (Raymonda), Gehrig, P.A. (Paola A.), Bojesen, A. (Anders), Pedersen, I.S. (Inge Sokilde), Sunde, L. (Lone), Jensen, U.B., Thomassen, M. (Mads), Kruse, T.A. (Torben), Foretova, L. (Lenka), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Bernard, L. (Loris), Peissel, B. (Bernard), Scuvera, G. (Giulietta), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Radice, P. (Paolo), Ottini, L. (Laura), Montagna, M. (Marco), Agata, S. (Simona), Maugard, C., Simard, J. (Jacques), Soucy, P. (Penny), Berger, A. (Annemarie), Fink-Retter, A. (Anneliese), Singer, C.F. (Christian), Rappaport, C. (Christine), Geschwantler Kaulich, D. (Daphne), Tea, M.-K., Pfeiler, G. (Georg), John, E.M. (Esther), Miron, A. (Alexander), Neuhausen, S.L. (Susan), Terry, M.B. (Mary Beth), Chung, W.K. (Wendy K.), Daly, M.B. (Mary), Goldgar, D. (David), Janavicius, R. (Ramunas), Dorfling, C.M. (Cecilia), Rensburg, E.J. (Elizabeth) van, Fostira, F. (Florentia), Konstantopoulou, I. (I.), Garber, J., Godwin, A.K. (Andrew), Olah, E., Narod, S.A. (Steven A.), Rennert, G. (Gad), Paluch, S.S. (Shani), Laitman, Y. (Yael), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Liljegren, A. (Annelie), Rantala, J. (Johanna), Stenmark-Askmalm, M. (Marie), Loman, N. (Niklas), Imyanitov, E.N. (Evgeny), Hamann, U. (Ute), Spurdle, A.B. (Amanda), Healey, S. (Sue), Weitzel, J.N. (Jeffrey), Herzog, J. (Josef), Margileth, D. (David), Gorrini, C. (Chiara), Esteller, M. (Manel), Gómez, A. (Antonio), Sayols, S. (Sergi), Vidal, E. (Enrique), Heyn, H. (Holger), Stoppa-Lyonnet, D. (Dominique), Léone, M. (Mélanie), Barjhoux, L. (Laure), Fassy-Colcombet, M. (Marion), Pauw, A. (Antoine) de, Lasset, C. (Christine), Ferrer, S.F., Castera, L. (Laurent), Berthet, P. (Pascaline), Cornelis, F. (Franco̧is), Bignon, Y.-J. (Yves-Jean), Damiola, F. (Francesca), Mazoyer, S. (Sylvie), Sinilnikova, O. (Olga), Maxwell, C.A. (Christopher), Vijai, J. (Joseph), Robson, M. (Mark), Kauff, N. (Noah), Corines, M.J. (Marina J.), Villano, D. (Danylko), Cunningham, J.M. (Julie), Lee, A. (Adam), Lindor, N.M. (Noralane), Lázaro, C. (Conxi), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Antoniou, A.C. (Antonis C.), and Pujana, M.A. (Miguel)
Abstract: While interplay between BRCA1 and AURKA-RHAMM-TPX2-TUBG1 regulates mammary epithelial polarization, common genetic variation in HMMR (gene product RHAMM) may be associated with risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers. Following on these observations, we further assessed the link between the AURKA-HMMR-TPX2-TUBG1 functional module and risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. Forty-one single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 15,252 BRCA1 and 8,211 BRCA2 mutation carriers and subsequently analyzed using a retrospective likelihood appro
Published: 2015
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48. Candidate genetic modifiers for breast and ovarian cancer risk inBRCA1andBRCA2 mutation carriers

Author: Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Moysich, K.B. (Kirsten), Rudolph, A. (Anja), Schmutzler, R.K. (Rita), Simard, J. (Jacques), Soucy, P. (Penny), Eeles, R. (Rosalind), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Hamann, U. (Ute), Wilkening, S. (Stefan), Chen, B. (Bowang), Rookus, M.A. (Matti), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), Baan, F.H. (Frederieke) van der, Spurdle, A.B. (Amanda), Walker, L.C. (Logan), Lose, F. (Felicity), Maia, A.-T. (Ana-Teresa), Montagna, M. (Marco), Matricardi, L. (Laura), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Garcia, E.B.G., Olopade, O.I. (Olofunmilayo), Nussbaum, R.L. (Robert L.), Nathanson, K.L. (Katherine), Domchek, S.M. (Susan), Rebbeck, R. (Timothy), Arun, B.K. (Banu), Karlan, B.Y. (Beth), Orsulic, S. (Sandra), Lester, K.J. (Kathryn), Chung, W.K. (Wendy K.), Miron, A. (Alexander), Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Goldgar, D. (David), Buys, S.S. (Saundra), Janavicius, R. (Ramunas), Dorfling, C.M. (Cecilia), Rensburg, E.J. (Elizabeth) van, Ding, Y.C. (Yuan Chun), Neuhausen, S.L. (Susan), Hansen, T.V.O. (Thomas), Gerdes, A.-M. (Anne-Marie), Ejlertsen, B. (Bent), Jønson, L. (Lars), Osorio, A. (Ana), Martínez-Bouzas, C. (Cristina), Benítez, J. (Javier), Conway, E.E. (Edye E.), Blazer, K.R. (Kathleen R.), Weitzel, J.N. (Jeffrey), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Peissel, B. (Bernard), Zaffaroni, D. (Daniela), Scuvera, G. (Giulietta), Barile, M. (Monica), Ficarazzi, F. (Filomena), Mariette, F. (F.), Fortuzzi, S. (S.), Viel, A. (Alessandra), Giannini, G. (Giuseppe), Papi, L. (Laura), Martayan, A. (Aline), Tibiletti, M.G. (Maria Grazia), Radice, P. (Paolo), Vratimos, A. (Athanassios), Fostira, F. (Florentia), Garber, J. (Judy), Donaldson, A. (Alan), Brewer, C. (Carole), Foo, C. (Claire), Evans, D.G. (Gareth), Frost, D. (Debra), Eccles, D. (Diana), Brady, A. (A.), Cook, J. (Jackie), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Adlard, L., Barwell, J. (Julian), Walker, L.J. (Lisa), Izatt, L. (Louise), Side, L. (Lucy), Kennedy, M.J. (John), Rogers, M.T. (Mark), Porteous, M.E. (Mary), Morrison, P.J. (Patrick), Platte, R. (Radka), Davidson, R. (Rosemarie), Hodgson, S. (Shirley), Ellis, S.D. (Steve), Cole, T. (Trevor), Godwin, A.K. (Andrew), Claes, K.B.M. (Kathleen B.M.), Van Maerken, T. (Tom), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Gehrig, P.A. (Paola A.), Sutter, C. (Christian), Engel, C. (Christoph), Niederacher, D. (Dieter), Steinemann, D. (Doris), Plendl, H. (Hansjoerg), Kast, K. (Karin), Rhiem, K. (Kerstin), Ditsch, N. (Nina), Arnold, N. (Norbert), Varon-Mateeva, R. (Raymonda), Wapenschmidt, B. (Barbara), Wang-Gohrke, S. (Shan), Bressac-de Paillerets, B. (Brigitte), Buecher, B. (Bruno), Delnatte, C.D. (Capucine), Houdayer, C. (Claude), Stoppa-Lyonnet, D. (Dominique), Damiola, F. (Francesca), Coupier, I. (Isabelle), Barjhoux, L. (Laure), Vénat-Bouvet, L. (Laurence), Golmard, L. (Lisa), Boutry-Kryza, N. (N.), Sinilnikova, O. (Olga), Caron, O. (Olivier), Pujol, P. (Pascal), Mazoyer, S. (Sylvie), Belotti, M. (Muriel), Piedmonte, M. (Marion), Friedlander, M.L. (Michael L.), Rodriguez, G. (Gustavo), Copeland, L.J. (Larry J.), Hoya, M. (Miguel) de La, Perez-Segura, P. (Pedro), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Os, T.A.M. (Theo) van, Meijers-Heijboer, E.J. (Hanne), Hout, A.H. (Annemarie) van der, Vreeswijk, M.P. (Maaike), Hoogerbrugge, N. (Nicoline), Ausems, M.G.E.M. (Margreet), Doorn, H.C. (Lena) van, Collée, J.M. (Margriet), Olah, E., Díez, O. (Orland), Blanco, I. (Ignacio), Lázaro, C. (Conxi), Brunet, J. (Joan), Feliubadaló, L. (L.), Cybulski, C. (Cezary), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Durda, K. (Katarzyna), Jaworska-Bieniek, K. (Katarzyna), Sukiennicki, G. (Grzegorz), Arason, A. (Adalgeir), Chiquette, J. (Jocelyne), Teixeira, P.J., Olswold, C. (Curtis), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Lindor, N.M. (Noralane), Wang, X. (X.), Szabo, C. (Csilla), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Corines, M. (Marina), Jacobs, L. (Lauren), Robson, M.E. (Mark E.), Zhang, L. (Lingling), Joseph, V. (Vijai), Berger, A. (Andreas), Singer, C.F. (Christian), Rappaport, C. (Christine), Kaulich, D.G. (Daphne Gschwantler), Pfeiler, G. (Georg), Tea, M.-K., Phelan, C. (Catherine), Greene, M.H. (Mark), Mai, P.L. (Phuong), Rennert, G. (Gad), Mulligan, A.-M. (Anna-Marie), Glendon, G. (Gord), Tchatchou, S. (Sandrine), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Toland, A.E. (Amanda), Bojesen, A. (Anders), Pedersen, I.S. (Inge Sokilde), Thomassen, M. (Mads), Jensen, U.B., Laitman, Y. (Yael), Rantala, J. (Johanna), Wachenfeldt, A. (Anna) von, Ehrencrona, H. (Hans), Askmalm, M.S. (Marie), Borg, Å. (Åke), Kuchenbaecker, K.B. (Karoline), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Barrowdale, D. (Daniel), Healey, S. (Sue), Lee, A. (Andrew), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul D.P.), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Antoniou, A.C. (Antonis), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Moysich, K.B. (Kirsten), Rudolph, A. (Anja), Schmutzler, R.K. (Rita), Simard, J. (Jacques), Soucy, P. (Penny), Eeles, R. (Rosalind), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Hamann, U. (Ute), Wilkening, S. (Stefan), Chen, B. (Bowang), Rookus, M.A. (Matti), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), Baan, F.H. (Frederieke) van der, Spurdle, A.B. (Amanda), Walker, L.C. (Logan), Lose, F. (Felicity), Maia, A.-T. (Ana-Teresa), Montagna, M. (Marco), Matricardi, L. (Laura), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Garcia, E.B.G., Olopade, O.I. (Olofunmilayo), Nussbaum, R.L. (Robert L.), Nathanson, K.L. (Katherine), Domchek, S.M. (Susan), Rebbeck, R. (Timothy), Arun, B.K. (Banu), Karlan, B.Y. (Beth), Orsulic, S. (Sandra), Lester, K.J. (Kathryn), Chung, W.K. (Wendy K.), Miron, A. (Alexander), Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Goldgar, D. (David), Buys, S.S. (Saundra), Janavicius, R. (Ramunas), Dorfling, C.M. (Cecilia), Rensburg, E.J. (Elizabeth) van, Ding, Y.C. (Yuan Chun), Neuhausen, S.L. (Susan), Hansen, T.V.O. (Thomas), Gerdes, A.-M. (Anne-Marie), Ejlertsen, B. (Bent), Jønson, L. (Lars), Osorio, A. (Ana), Martínez-Bouzas, C. (Cristina), Benítez, J. (Javier), Conway, E.E. (Edye E.), Blazer, K.R. (Kathleen R.), Weitzel, J.N. (Jeffrey), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Peissel, B. (Bernard), Zaffaroni, D. (Daniela), Scuvera, G. (Giulietta), Barile, M. (Monica), Ficarazzi, F. (Filomena), Mariette, F. (F.), Fortuzzi, S. (S.), Viel, A. (Alessandra), Giannini, G. (Giuseppe), Papi, L. (Laura), Martayan, A. (Aline), Tibiletti, M.G. (Maria Grazia), Radice, P. (Paolo), Vratimos, A. (Athanassios), Fostira, F. (Florentia), Garber, J. (Judy), Donaldson, A. (Alan), Brewer, C. (Carole), Foo, C. (Claire), Evans, D.G. (Gareth), Frost, D. (Debra), Eccles, D. (Diana), Brady, A. (A.), Cook, J. (Jackie), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Adlard, L., Barwell, J. (Julian), Walker, L.J. (Lisa), Izatt, L. (Louise), Side, L. (Lucy), Kennedy, M.J. (John), Rogers, M.T. (Mark), Porteous, M.E. (Mary), Morrison, P.J. (Patrick), Platte, R. (Radka), Davidson, R. (Rosemarie), Hodgson, S. (Shirley), Ellis, S.D. (Steve), Cole, T. (Trevor), Godwin, A.K. (Andrew), Claes, K.B.M. (Kathleen B.M.), Van Maerken, T. (Tom), Meindl, A. (Alfons), Gehrig, P.A. (Paola A.), Sutter, C. (Christian), Engel, C. (Christoph), Niederacher, D. (Dieter), Steinemann, D. (Doris), Plendl, H. (Hansjoerg), Kast, K. (Karin), Rhiem, K. (Kerstin), Ditsch, N. (Nina), Arnold, N. (Norbert), Varon-Mateeva, R. (Raymonda), Wapenschmidt, B. (Barbara), Wang-Gohrke, S. (Shan), Bressac-de Paillerets, B. (Brigitte), Buecher, B. (Bruno), Delnatte, C.D. (Capucine), Houdayer, C. (Claude), Stoppa-Lyonnet, D. (Dominique), Damiola, F. (Francesca), Coupier, I. (Isabelle), Barjhoux, L. (Laure), Vénat-Bouvet, L. (Laurence), Golmard, L. (Lisa), Boutry-Kryza, N. (N.), Sinilnikova, O. (Olga), Caron, O. (Olivier), Pujol, P. (Pascal), Mazoyer, S. (Sylvie), Belotti, M. (Muriel), Piedmonte, M. (Marion), Friedlander, M.L. (Michael L.), Rodriguez, G. (Gustavo), Copeland, L.J. (Larry J.), Hoya, M. (Miguel) de La, Perez-Segura, P. (Pedro), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Os, T.A.M. (Theo) van, Meijers-Heijboer, E.J. (Hanne), Hout, A.H. (Annemarie) van der, Vreeswijk, M.P. (Maaike), Hoogerbrugge, N. (Nicoline), Ausems, M.G.E.M. (Margreet), Doorn, H.C. (Lena) van, Collée, J.M. (Margriet), Olah, E., Díez, O. (Orland), Blanco, I. (Ignacio), Lázaro, C. (Conxi), Brunet, J. (Joan), Feliubadaló, L. (L.), Cybulski, C. (Cezary), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Durda, K. (Katarzyna), Jaworska-Bieniek, K. (Katarzyna), Sukiennicki, G. (Grzegorz), Arason, A. (Adalgeir), Chiquette, J. (Jocelyne), Teixeira, P.J., Olswold, C. (Curtis), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Lindor, N.M. (Noralane), Wang, X. (X.), Szabo, C. (Csilla), Offit, K. (Kenneth), Corines, M. (Marina), Jacobs, L. (Lauren), Robson, M.E. (Mark E.), Zhang, L. (Lingling), Joseph, V. (Vijai), Berger, A. (Andreas), Singer, C.F. (Christian), Rappaport, C. (Christine), Kaulich, D.G. (Daphne Gschwantler), Pfeiler, G. (Georg), Tea, M.-K., Phelan, C. (Catherine), Greene, M.H. (Mark), Mai, P.L. (Phuong), Rennert, G. (Gad), Mulligan, A.-M. (Anna-Marie), Glendon, G. (Gord), Tchatchou, S. (Sandrine), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Toland, A.E. (Amanda), Bojesen, A. (Anders), Pedersen, I.S. (Inge Sokilde), Thomassen, M. (Mads), Jensen, U.B., Laitman, Y. (Yael), Rantala, J. (Johanna), Wachenfeldt, A. (Anna) von, Ehrencrona, H. (Hans), Askmalm, M.S. (Marie), Borg, Å. (Åke), Kuchenbaecker, K.B. (Karoline), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Barrowdale, D. (Daniel), Healey, S. (Sue), Lee, A. (Andrew), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul D.P.), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Antoniou, A.C. (Antonis), and Friedman, E. (Eitan)
Abstract: Background: BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers are at substantially increased risk for developing breast and ovarian cancer. The incomplete penetrance coupled with the variable age at diagnosis in carriers of the same mutation suggests the existence of genetic and nongenetic modifying factors. In this study, we evaluated the putative role of variants inmany candidate modifier genes. Methods: Genotyping data from 15,252 BRCA1 and 8,211 BRCA2 mutation carriers, for known variants (n = 3,248) located within or around 445 candidate genes, were available through the iCOGS custom-designed array. Breast and ovarian cancer association analysiswas performed within a retrospective cohort approach. Results: The observed P values of association ranged between 0.005 and 1.000. None of the variants was significantly associated with breast or ovarian cancer risk in either BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers, after multiple testing adjustments. Conclusion: There is little evidence that any of the evaluated candidate variants act as modifiers of breast and/or ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. Impact: Genome-wide association studies have been more successful at identifying genetic modifiers of BRCA1/2 penetrance than candidate gene studies.
Published: 2015
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49. Assessing biases of information contained in pedigrees for the classification of BRCAgenetic variants: a study arising from the ENIGMA analytical working group.

Author: Kerkhofs, C. H. H., Spurdle, A. B., Lindsey, P. J., Goldgar, D. E., and Gómez-García, E. B.
Subjects: INFORMATION science, CARCINOGENS, ONCOLOGY, INCURABLE diseases, DIFFERENTIAL psychology
Abstract: Purpose: One way of evaluating family history (FH) for classifying BRCA1/2 variants of uncertain clinical significance (VUS) is to assess the "BRCA-ness" of a pedigree by comparing it to reference populations. The aim of this study was to assess if prediction of BRCA pathogenic variant (mutation) status based on pedigree information differed due to changes in FH since intake, both in families with a pathogenic variant (BRCAm) and in families with wild-type (BRCAwt). Patients and methods: We compared the BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant detection probabilities between intake and most recent pedigree for BRCAm families (n = 64) and BRCAwt (n = 118) using the BRCAPRO software program. Results: Follow-up time between intake and most recent pedigree was significantly longer (p<0.001) in the BRCAm compared to the BRCAwt families. Among BRCAwt families, the probability to detect a pathogenic variant did not change over time. Conversely, among the BRCAm, this probability was significantly higher for most recent vs. intake pedigree (p = 0.006). Conclusion: Clinical scores change significantly over time for BRCAm families. This may be due to differences in follow-up, but also to differences in cancer risks from carrying a pathogenic variant in a highly penetrant gene. To reduce bias, models for VUS classification should incorporate FH collected at intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2016
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50. Challenges and approaches to calibrating patient phenotype as evidence for cancer gene variant classification under ACMG/AMP guidelines.

Author: Fortuno C, Michailidou K, Parsons M, Dolinsky JS, Pesaran T, Yussuf A, Mester JL, Hruska KS, Hiraki S, O'Connor R, Chan RC, Kim S, Tavtigian SV, Goldgar D, James PA, and Spurdle AB
Subjects: Humans, Genetic Testing methods, Genome, Human, Phenotype, Genes, Neoplasm, Genetic Variation genetics, Neoplasms genetics
Abstract: Since first publication of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Medical Pathology (ACMG/AMP) variant classification guidelines, additional recommendations for application of certain criteria have been released (https://clinicalgenome.org/docs/), to improve their application in the diagnostic setting. However, none have addressed use of the PS4 and PP4 criteria, capturing patient presentation as evidence towards pathogenicity. Application of PS4 can be done through traditional case-control studies, or "proband counting" within or across clinical testing cohorts. Review of the existing PS4 and PP4 specifications for Hereditary Cancer Gene Variant Curation Expert Panels revealed substantial differences in the approach to defining specifications. Using BRCA1, BRCA2 and TP53 as exemplar genes, we calibrated different methods proposed for applying the "PS4 proband counting" criterion. For each approach, we considered limitations, non-independence with other ACMG/AMP criteria, broader applicability, and variability in results for different datasets. Our findings highlight inherent overlap of proband-counting methods with ACMG/AMP frequency codes, and the importance of calibration to derive dataset-specific code weights that can account for potential between-dataset differences in ascertainment and other factors. Our work emphasizes the advantages and generalizability of logistic regression analysis over simple proband-counting approaches to empirically determine the relative predictive capacity and weight of various personal clinical features in the context of multigene panel testing, for improved variant interpretation. We also provide a general protocol, including instructions for data formatting and a web-server for analysis of personal history parameters, to facilitate dataset-specific calibration analyses required to use such data for germline variant classification., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
Published: 2024
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